UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language(word教参)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 动词-ing形式作宾语和表语 1．Jack hurried to the booking office, only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out. 2．Seeing his mother, the little boy cried out. 3．Our duty is to help the young children to grow better. 4．Our work is serving the people. 5．People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling. 6．Built in 1970, the exhibition hall has a 50-year history. [自我感知] 1．句3、4中黑体部分作 表语 。句5中黑体部分作 宾语 。 2．句1、2、6中黑体部分作 状语 。 一、动词-ing形式作宾语 动词-ing形式作宾语只能用动名词形式。动名词既可作介词的宾语，也可作动词的宾语。 (一)作介词的宾语 介词后需用动名词作宾语。“动词(＋名词/副词)＋介词”“名词＋介词”“形容词＋介词”结构后常用动名词作宾语。 ►When it comes to adopting this homeless child, the couple were wild with joy.当谈到收养这个无家可归的孩子时，这对夫妇欣喜若狂。 ►There is no hope of winning the game. 仍然没有赢得比赛的希望。 ►She was fond of speaking French.她喜欢讲法语。 (二)作动词的宾语 1．一些及物动词之后只能接动词-ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式。可用以下口诀帮助记忆： avoid, miss, delay/put off避免错过少延期 suggest, finish, practise建议完成多练习 enjoy, imagine, can't help喜欢想象禁不住 admit, deny, envy承认否定与嫉妒 escape, risk, excuse逃避冒险莫原谅 stand, keep, mind忍受保持不介意 此外，feel like, devote to, be/get used to, object to, set about, insist on, pay attention to, stick to, be busy (in), have difficulties/trouble (in)等动词短语后也接动名词作宾语。 ►I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及这个问题，以免冒犯他。 [点津] 下面短语后接动词-ing形式，其中to为介词。 be used to习惯于　 devote oneself to献身于 get down to开始做 look forward to期待 stick to坚持 lead to导致 pay attention to注意 2．以下及物动词后既可接不定式又可接动词-ing形式作宾语，但两者意义上有区别。 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记要做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记得要做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做过…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) stop to do 停下来去做(另一件事) doing 停止做某事 can't help to do 不能帮着去做某事 doing 禁不住做某事 ►I regret not working hard. 我后悔没有努力学习。 ►I regret to hear of your sister's death. 听到你姐姐去世的消息，我很遗憾。 ►I can't help to clean the house with so much work to do. 有太多工作要做，我不能帮着收拾屋子。 ►She can't help laughing at the thought of the joke he told her. 一想到他讲的笑话，她禁不住大笑。 3．在有些动词后面，如start, begin, continue等，既可接动词-ing形式也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。 ►They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作，像什么也没发生过一样。 4．在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，接不定式作宾语指具体的动作。 ►He preferred staying in the house when it rained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语，指每逢下雨天经常待在家里。) ►He prefers to stay at home this afternoon.(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。) 5．有些动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。如need/want/require/deserve doing相当于need/want/require/deserve to be done。 ►The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修一下。 6．用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。 其结构为：sb＋动词＋it＋adj./n.＋doing 常用动词有：think, consider, find, feel, believe等。 ►I found it useless/no use crying about it. 我发现因为这件事哭泣没用。 ►Do you feel it difficult trying again? 再来一遍你觉得难吗？ [即时训练1]——单句语法填空/补全句子/一句多译 (1)(2023·全国乙)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years recording (record) everything I discovered. (2)—The light in the office is still on. —Oh, I forgot to turn (turn) it off. (3)Would you mind moving (move) the box for me? (4)We are all looking forward to visiting (visit) the museum soon. (5)He doesn't really mean to work (work) here, which means leaving (leave) the job soon afterwards. (6)The deer was lucky and it just missed being caught (catch) by the hunter. (7)Learning that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held, I can't help being a volunteer (忍不住想做一名志愿者)． (8)这个窗户需要清扫了。 ① The window needs/requires/wants cleaning. ② The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned. 二、动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等，这类分词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物。 ►The news that you will come to China this summer vacation is exciting. 这个暑假你要来中国的消息是令人兴奋的。 ►The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 [点津] 不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。 ►My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 我的愿望是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。 ►I was disappointed at this decision. 我对这个决定感到失望。 2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 ►Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 [温馨提示] 动名词的复合结构有四种形式： ►What made all of us worried was his/Jack's not getting to the station on time.他/杰克没有准时到车站让我们所有人都很担心。 ►Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now? 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？ [即时训练2]——判断动词-ing的类型/单句语法填空 A．动名词　　　 B．现在分词 (1)My hobby is collecting stamps. A (2)What you said is really inspiring. B (3)What I am tired of is waiting here alone. A (4)It is quite a moving (move) story, isn't it? (5)His main task is selling (sell) smart blackboard at the moment. (6)In my opinion，the ending of the movie is boring (bore)． (7)The match looked very competitive but the result was disappointing (disappoint)． (8)The most important thing now is finding (find) a place to live in. Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．My father suggested reading (read) more books in my spare time. 2．To avoid being seen (see) by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door. 3．The girl stopped running (run) and picked up a wallet from the ground. 4．Mr Lee devoted many years to improving (improve) the system. 5．Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in making (make) friends. 6．The employee who had a high fever finally agreed to ask (ask) permission for a half day's leave to have a good rest. 7．I still remember being invited (invite) to dinner in Kitty's house when I was only five years old. 8．When I was a young boy, I loved climbing (climb) trees. 9．Seeing the funny scene, I can't help laughing (laugh)． 10．The windows haven't been cleaned for a long time.They need cleaning/to be cleaned (clean)． 11．The key to successful small talk is learning/to learn (learn) how to connect with others, not just communicate with them. 12．As far as I'm concerned, the result is very disappointing (disappoint)． 13．Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 14．By comparison, his worst habit is watching (watch) TV while having dinner. 15．It was a really terrifying (terrify) experience.Afterwards, everybody was very shocked (shock)． 16．Little Alice looked forward to staying (stay) with her grandparents in the countryside in summer. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。 I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 2．你知道我最喜欢的运动是打篮球。 As you know, my favourite sport is playing basketball . 3．让他不高兴的是他把他最喜欢的自行车弄丢了。 What has made him unhappy is losing his favourite bike . 4．很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。 Many people have suggested setting up more rules to protect animal rights. 5．人们认为这部电影将不仅有意义，而且很有趣。 It is believed that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting . Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 With the world 1. becoming (become) a global village, Chinese has become a second language in the international world.2. Spreading (spread) Chinese traditional culture has become a popular trend.While many foreigners find it hard 3. to learn (learn) Chinese at first, they will gradually enjoy it.4. Learning (learn) Chinese traditional culture enables them 5. to understand (understand) China better.As a Chinese high school student, it is our responsibility 6. to tell (tell) Chinese stories and learn Chinese culture well.We should spare no effort 7. to let (let) the world know China better. (教材P40)His lack of eye contact when talking with people shows that he lacks confidence. 他与人交谈时缺乏眼神交流，说明他缺乏自信。 lack　v．没有；缺乏　n．缺乏；短缺的东西 ①for lack of　　因缺乏…… a lack of 缺乏…… ②lacking　adj.短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少…… (2022·全国乙书面表达)Because of their lack of self-discipline, they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.由于缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1) Lacking (lack) self-confidence, he dared not take part in the speech competition. (2)As we all know, a lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities. (3)Although she is rich in knowledge, she is lacking (lack) in practical experience. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (4)由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。 ① For lack of enough training , we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语作状语) ② Lacking enough training , we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(现在分词短语作状语) (教材P40)We make assessments and inferences from body language. 我们从肢体语言中做出评估和推论。 assessment　n．评价；评定 ①make an assessment of评估…… ②assessvt.评定；评估；评价 assess sth at估价为…… Some agencies, which have the right to make an assessment of the house, will assess a house at a reasonable price.一些有权对房屋进行评估的机构将会以合理的价格评估房屋。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Most schools nowadays prefer to use continuous assessment (assess) because it gives a fairer picture of how the student has done during the whole year. (2)They assessed the value of the house at over $250,000. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)我建议我们对测试和考试采取积极的态度，因为它们迫使我们复习，并允许我们评估自己的表现。 I suggest we adopt a positive attitude to tests and exams since they force us to revise and allow us to assess/make an assessment of how we are doing . (教材P41)We intended to visit the theme park but ended up calling on Professor Zhang.我们原打算参观主题公园，但最后却拜访了张教授。 call on　(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请；号召 call at　拜访(某地) call in 召集；请来 call back 回电话；收回 call for 需要；要求；接(人或物) call off 取消 call up 给……打电话；使……想起 [联想] 除call on 和call at之外，表示“拜访”的短语还有： ①drop in on sb顺便拜访某人 ②drop in at sp顺便拜访某地 ③pay a visit to sb/sp拜访某人/某地 (以文助写)The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily. 政府号召青年义务献血。 [融会练通]——用call的相关短语填空 (1)I'm going to call on one of my former classmates. (2)The teacher's praise called up memories of my mother's encouragement. (3)As we all know，success calls for much hard work. (4)The game was called off because of the bad weather. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (5)在地球日的前一周，我们学校里贴满了海报，号召我们保护环境。 A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling on us to protect our environment . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$