UNIT 5 Revealing nature单元检测卷（Word练习）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步练测（外研版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第103页] (本卷满分120分　考试用时90分钟) 第一部分　阅读(共两节， 满分50分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Now it's the perfect time to teach kids about growing things. Try one or more of these plant experiments for fun and learning. Color carnations(康乃馨) Fill a glass with water and color the water. Add a white carnation stalk(茎)and watch the plant become colorful as it “drinks” the colored water. This is a great, short experiment to show how plants absorb water. Plant root vegetables Find out how root vegetables form underground by planting root vegetables in a clear container. First, fill the bottom of the container with small stones. Next, add potting soil and plant root vegetable seeds, trying carrots or onions, evenly. Keep the soil wet and enjoy watching the root form. Best of all, when the vegetable is done growing, you can eat it! Study speedy sunflowers Sunflower seeds sprout(发芽)and grow quickly, making this the perfect flower for impatient children. These seeds can be started just about anywhere, even in a paper coffee cup or yogurt container. Kids love seeing the plant push its way out of the soil, wearing the seed's outer part like a hat! Move your plant to a flower pot after it sprouts to observe the flower as it forms. Make a grass basket Grass is another seed that grows quickly. Make a living basket by lining a basket with plastic and filling it with potting soil. Put grass seeds on top and water them lightly every day. Growing plants is a great way to bring some learning—and a little sunshine—to your daily life. Try any of these inexpensive garden experiments for a fun project this spring. [语篇导读]　这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个有趣的种植试验。 1．Which garden experiment will you choose to see how plants take in water? A．Color carnations. B．Make a grass basket. C．Plant root vegetables. D．Study speedy sunflowers. 解析　细节理解题。根据Color carnations (康乃馨)部分“Add a white carnation stalk(茎)and watch the plant become colorful as it ‘drinks’ the colored water. This is a great, short experiment to show how plants absorb water.(再加一根白色的康乃馨茎， 看着它“喝”着彩色的水， 变得五彩缤纷。这是一个展示植物如何吸收水分的伟大而简短的实验。)”可知， 可以选择种植康乃馨来观察植物是如何吸收水分的。故选A。 答案　A 2．What is special about the experiment of “plant root vegetables”？ A．It has strict requirements for temperature. B．It offers you the tasty fruits of your labor. C．It is perfect for impatient kids. D．It is convenient to carry on. 解析　细节理解题。根据Plant root vegetables部分“Best of all, when the vegetable is done growing, you can eat it！(最棒的是， 当蔬菜长大后， 你就可以吃了！)”可知， 种植根茎类蔬菜的特别之处在于可以享用美味的劳动果实。故选B。 答案　B 3．What do sunflowers and grass have in common? A．They both need little water. B．They both like shade. C．They both grow very quickly. D．They both prefer clear containers. 解析　细节理解题。根据Study speedy sunflowers部分“Sunflower seeds sprout(发芽)and grow quickly(向日葵籽发芽长得很快)”和Make a grass basket部分“Grass is another seed that grows quickly.(草是另一种生长迅速的种子。)”可知， 向日葵和草的共同点是生长迅速。故选C。 答案　C B (开封高二期末)Though most dinosaurs are thought to have hunted primarily during the day, a little bird­like dinosaur may have been strictly a night hunter, a new study suggested． The dinosaur, Shuvuuia deserti, was a small animal, about the size of a chicken, and it lived about 65 million years ago in the deserts of what is now Mongolia． Shuvuuia's skeleton is among the most bizarre of all dinosaurs, the study said．It had a fragile, bird­like skull; strong arms with a single claw on each hand; and long legs.“Acting at night, digging ability and long limbs are all features of animals that live in deserts today，” said study lead author Jonah Choiniere, a University of the Witwatersrand scientist.“But it's surprising to see them all combined in a single dinosaur species that lived more than 65 million years ago，” he added, “It had some of the largest pupils(瞳孔)ever measured in either birds or dinosaurs.” “For many decades, dinosaurs were considered to be day­active，” study coauthor Lars Schmitz, a biologist at the W．M.Keck Science Department in California, said in a statement.“Now we're adding new evidence that some small, predatory(食肉的)dinosaurs could have been night­active instead, which changes the thinking about dinosaurs.” The study investigated how vision and hearing abilities of dinosaurs and birds compared, and concluded that Shuvuuia's vision and hearing were not at all ideal for the daytime.Schmitz explained that the dinosaur's extraordinary hearing and night vision were beneficial for life in the desert, where high temperatures discouraged daytime hunting. “We think it would have caught its prey—small mammals—at night when the temperatures were cooler, Schmitz told CNN. The study was published Thursday in the peer­reviewed journal Science, a publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. [语篇导读]　这是一篇科学报道。尽管恐龙被认为主要在白天捕猎， 但最新的一项调查表明：一种像鸟一样的恐龙却在晚上捕猎。 4．What can we know about Shuvuuia deserti? A．It was a bird hunting at night. B．It only lived about 65 million years ago in Mongolia． C．All the dinosaurs are thought to have hunted during the day. D．It was a small animal whose size was probably the same as a chicken. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“The dinosaur, Shuvuuia deserti, was a small animal, about the size of a chicken, and it lived about 65 million years ago in the deserts of what is now Mongolia．(Shuvuuia deserti是一种小型恐龙， 大小和鸡相似， 生活在大约六千五百万年前的蒙古沙漠里。)”可知， D选项“It was a small animal whose size was probably the same as a chicken.(它是一种小型动物， 大小可能和一只鸡相似。)”和文章意思吻合。故选D。 答案　D 5．What does the underlined word “bizarre” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Small.　　　　　　　 B． Attractive. C．Wonderful. D．Strange. 解析　词义猜测题。根据下文“‘But it's surprising to see them all combined in a single dinosaur species that lived more than 65 million years ago，’ he added, ‘It had some of the largest pupils(瞳孔)ever measured in either birds or dinosaurs.”可知， 科学家对发现在这种小恐龙身上具备所有生活在沙漠里的动物特征而感到惊喜。因此“Shuvuuia's skeleton is among the most bizarre of all dinosaurs, the study said．It had a fragile, bird­like skull; strong arms with a single claw on each hand; and long legs.(研究称， Shuvuuia的骨骼是所有恐龙中最奇异的。它有脆弱的像鸟一样的骨骼， 强有力的胳膊， 每一只手带有一个爪子， 另外还有长腿。)”结合这些推测可知， bizarre是奇怪的意思。故选D。 答案　D 6．What can we learn from the study lead author Jonah Choiniere? A．It is common to know all the features are combined in a single dinosaur species. B．The dinosaur species has the largest pupils ever measured in either birds or dinosaurs. C．All the features of animals living in deserts are acting at night, digging ability and long limbs. D．The new evidence changes the thinking about dinosaurs. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“‘But its surprising to see them all combined in a single dinosaur species that lived more than 65 million years ago.’ he added, ‘It had some of the largest pupils(瞳孔)ever measured in either birds or dinosaurs.”科学家对发现在这种小恐龙身上具备所有生活在沙漠里的动物特征而感到惊喜。因为这是不常见的。而A选项“It is common to know all the features are combined in a single dinosaur species.(发现在这种小恐龙身上具备所有的特征是常见的。)”明显和原文不符。由第三段“It had some of the largest pupils(瞳孔)ever measured in either birds or dinosaurs.”可知B选项缺少了some of, 明显错误。C选项“All the features of animals living in deserts are acting at night, digging ability and long limbs.(生活在沙漠中的动物的特点是夜间活动、挖掘能力和四肢长。)”由文章可知并不是所有的沙漠动物都是晚上行动， 因此错误。而第四段“Now we're adding new evidence that some small, predatory(食肉的)dinosaurs could have been night­active instead, which changes the thinking about dinosaurs.(现在我们增加新的证据表明， 一些小型食肉的恐龙可能在夜间活动来代替， 它改变了对恐龙的看法。)”可知， D项和该句意思吻合。故选D。 答案　D 7．What does the dinosaur's extraordinary hearing and night vision play a role in? A．Hunting in complete darkness. B．Getting more food to survive. C．Helping them live in the desert. D．Giving an example of how evolution functions. 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段“Schmitz explained that the dinosaur's extraordinary hearing and night vision were beneficial for life in the desert, where high temperatures discouraged daytime hunting.(Schmitz解释说， 这种恐龙非凡的听力和夜视能力有利于沙漠生活， 因为沙漠的高温阻碍了白天的捕猎。)”可知， C选项“Helping them live in the desert.(帮助他们生活在沙漠里。)”符合原文意思。故选C。 答案　C C (扬州高二期中)When dehydrated(脱水)or snipped with scissors(用剪刀剪断), plants make popping noises that are too high­frequency(高频率的)for humans to hear, a study suggests. Researchers set up microphones near healthy and stressed tomato and tobacco plants, both in a soundproofed box and in a greenhouse setting. The stressed plants were either dehydrated or had their stems snipped．The team also recorded pots with only soil in them to check that soil, alone, didn't make any sounds. (They found it didn't.) On average, healthy plants let out less than one pop per hour, but the stressed plants let out about 11 to 35, depending on the plant species and stressor. Drought­stressed tomato plants were the noisiest, with some plants letting out more than 40 pops per hour. The team fed these recordings into a machine­learning algorithm(算法)—an AI system used to identify patterns in data—and found that the trained algorithm had about a 70% success rate in differentiating the sounds made by different plants close to different stressors. They trained another AI system to differentiate between drought­stressed and healthy tomatoes in a greenhouse with more than 80% accuracy. Another model could tell what stage of dehydration a plant was in with about 80% accuracy. In additional experiments, the team success­fully recorded the cries of many other stressed plants, such as wheat, corn and pincushion cactuses. Although the researchers gathered these recordings by setting microphones about 10cm away from the plants, they suggested that these sounds could potentially be heard by animals and insects with great hearing from 3 to 5 meters away. “These findings can change the way we think about the plant kingdom, which has been considered to be almost silent until now，” the study authors wrote. In the future, humans could take advantage of recording devices and AI to monitor crops for these signs of dehydration or disease, the scientists suggest. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇新闻报道， 主要介绍一项研究发现：在脱水或受到剪刀剪断的情况下， 植物会发出高频率的爆裂声， 虽然人类听不到， 但可以通过机器学习算法识别出不同植物在不同压力下发出的声音， 并借助录音设备和人工智能监测作物的脱水或病害症状。研究人员表示， 这些发现可以改变我们对植物界的认识， 以前人们认为植物是几乎无声的。 8．What did the researchers do in their study? A．They referred to previous research. B．They studied different diseases of plants. C．They used AI to analyze the experimental recordings. D．They adopted different ways to record the sounds of plants. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“The team fed these recordings into a machine­learning algorithm(算法)—an AI system used to identify patterns in data—and found that the trained algorithm had about a 70% success rate in differentiating the sounds made by different plants close to different stressors. They trained another AI system to differentiate between drought­stressed and healthy tomatoes in a greenhouse with more than 80% accuracy. Another model could tell what stage of dehydration a plant was in with about 80% accuracy.[研究小组将这些录音输入机器学习算法(一种用于识别数据模式的人工智能系统), 发现经过训练的算法在区分不同植物和不同压力源发出的声音方面的成功率约为70%。他们训练了另一个人工智能系统来区分温室中的干旱番茄和健康番茄， 准确率超过80%。另一个模型可以以80%的准确率判断植物处于脱水的哪个阶段。]”可知， 研究人员在他们的研究中使用人工智能来分析实验录音。故选C。 答案　C 9．What do the study authors say about the research? A．It changes people's views on plants. B．It reveals the challenges plants face. C．It provides a cure for plant diseases. D．It shows animals have better hearing than people. 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘These findings can change the way we think about the plant kingdom, which has been considered to be almost silent until now，’ the study authors wrote.(该研究的作者写道：“这些发现可以改变我们对植物王国的看法， 到目前为止， 植物王国一直被认为几乎是沉默的。”)”可知， 研究作者认为这项研究改变了人们对植物的看法。故选A。 答案　A 10．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the study? A．Its results. B．Its process. C．Its methods. D．Its application. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, humans could take advantage of recording devices and AI to monitor crops for these signs of dehydration or disease, the scientists suggest.(科学家们建议， 在未来， 人类可以利用记录设备和人工智能来监测作物的脱水或疾病迹象。)”可知， 本段主要讲述了这项研究的应用。故选D。 答案　D 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Stressed plants make popping sounds B．The cries of plants were successfully recorded C．AI systems can be used to detect dis­eased plants D．Different kinds of plants make different popping sounds 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“When dehydrated(脱水)or snipped with scissors(用剪刀剪断), plants make popping noises that are too high­frequency(高频率的) for humans to hear, a study suggests.(一项研究表明， 当植物脱水或被剪刀剪断时， 它们会发出爆裂声， 这种爆裂声的频率太高， 人类无法听到。)”以及纵观全文可知， 本文主要讲述了一项研究发现：在脱水或受到剪刀剪断的情况下， 植物会发出高频率的爆裂声， 虽然人类听不到， 但可以通过机器学习算法识别出不同植物在不同压力下发出的声音， 所以A项“Stressed plants make popping sounds(受到压力的植物会发出爆裂声)”是本文最好的标题。故选A。 答案　A D (全国甲卷)Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape­recognition abilities to a human two­year­old． Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的)shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial­and­error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two­year­old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。 12．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A．By following instructions. B．By using a tool. C．By turning the box around． D．By removing the lid． 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具， 但事实证明， 它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具。)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ to choose from. Inserting the correct ‘keys’ would let out the nut.(研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来。)”可知， 在实验中， 凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。 答案　B 13．Which task can human one­year­olds most likely complete according to the text? A．Using a key to unlock a door. B．Telling parrots from other birds. C．Putting a ball into a round hole. D．Grouping toys of different shapes. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age(在人类身上， 婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项可知， 一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。 答案　C 14．What does the follow­up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A．How far they are able to see. B．How they track moving objects. C．Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D．Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 解析　推理判断题。通过最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.(根据研究人员的说法， 下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索， 还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状。)”可知， 后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。 答案　D 15．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal­Readers D．Cockatoos: Skilful Shape­Sorters 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文， 再结合第一段“Coffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape­recognition abilities to a human two­year­old．(科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉， 它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。)”可知， 本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape­Sorters(凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意， 最适合作为本文标题。故选D。 答案　D 第二节　(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Help Your Garden Get Through the Heat Record­breaking heat is affecting plants in many places around the world． But gardening expert Jessica Damiano says selecting the right plants and a little care could save them. Damiano says that in serious heat, and when that heat is dry, the soil loses water in it quickly. 16 This requires them to use energy to cool down and use water. This energy should be spent on growth, flowering, fruiting and reproducing. The stress often completely weakens the plant. 17 These systems allow the plants to reach distant sources of wetness when the nearby area dries out. Many foreign plants, including most plants that live for just one year, have root systems that are not deep. This means they must depend on the top few centimeters of soil for all of their water needs. 18 Planting advice When planting, Damiano says she always covers root balls with fungi(真菌)called mycorrhizae. It helps roots grow and helps plants deal with high temperature. She also treats her plants once a month with two materials: a seaweed­containing fish mixture and a vitamin­hormone­kelp material. Seaweed and kelp are plants that grow in water. 19 These materials also help plants grow quickly after dividing and planting. Finally, Damiano says the last addition is a good deal of covering on top. Covering not only keeps things looking clean, but it also helps to keep soil moisture and soil temperatures even. 20 Covering can mean the difference between life and death when it gets hot. A．When the top soil dries up, so do they. B．Study which plants are native to your area． C．And it also keeps unwanted plants from growing. D．She has watered her flower garden just two times this summer. E．They have been proved to help other plants in difficult environments. F．Plants will turn to their own limited water storing when they need water. G.When plants are native to an area, they naturally develop deep, large root systems. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何帮助你的花园度过炎热。破纪录的高温正在影响世界各地许多地方的植物。但园艺专家杰西卡·达米亚诺表示， 选择合适的植物并稍加护理可以挽救它们。 16．解析　根据前句“Damiano says that in serious heat, and when that heat is dry, the soil loses water in it quickly.(Damiano说， 在极端高温下， 当高温干燥时， 土壤中的水分会迅速流失。)”可知， 此处承接上文， 土壤中的水分流失， 当植物需要水的时候所采取的措施。所以选项F“Plants will turn to their own limited water storing when they need water.(当植物需要水的时候， 它们会利用自己有限的水分储存。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 答案　F 17．解析　根据后句“These systems allow the plants to reach distant sources of wetness when the nearby area dries out.(当附近地区干旱时， 这些根系使植物能够到达远处的水源。)”可知， 这里谈论的是本地植物的内容。G项中的“systems”与空后的“These systems”相呼应。所以选项G“When plants are native to an area, they naturally develop deep, large root systems.(当植物是一个地区的原生植物时， 它们自然会发展出又深又大的根系。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 答案　G 18．解析　根据前句“This means they must depend on the top few centimeters of soil for all of their water needs. (这意味着它们必须依靠土壤表层的几厘米来满足它们所有的水需求。)”可知， 此处承接上文， 继续说明土壤干涸时， 植物所带来的后果。所以选项A“When the top soil dries up, so do they.(当土壤表层干涸时， 它们也会干枯。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。 答案　A 19．解析　根据后句“These materials also help plants grow quickly after dividing and planting.(这些添加物也有助于植物在分裂和移植后快速生长。)”可知， 此处承接上文， 这些材料能在困难的环境中帮助其他植物。所以选项E“They have been proved to help other plants in difficult environments.(它们已被证明能在困难的环境中帮助其他植物。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。 答案　E 20．解析　根据前句“Covering not only keeps things looking clean, but it also helps to keep soil wetness and soil temperatures even.(覆盖不仅让东西看起来干净， 而且还有助于保持土壤水分和土壤温度稳定。)”可知， 此处承接上文， 继续陈述覆盖所起的作用。所以选项C“And it also keeps unwanted plants from growing.(它还可以防止不需要的植物生长。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 答案　C 第二部分　语言运用(共两节， 满分30分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last year in early summer, I was walking to my house when I saw two large birds standing in my yard． They didn't seem to 21 me until I was right in front of them and then they 22 disappeared into the nearby bushes. I was quite excited by the 23 of two special birds making a nest in my yard． A few weeks later, the birds 24 . I found them crouching(蹲伏)beside a tree. As I approached them, they 25 their heads and made a croaking(嘶哑地叫)sound． I didn't know why they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing 26 ： there were two small birds 27 around happily. As I inched towards the birds, 28 not to make sudden movements, they started their croaking again, putting their necks forward so they seemed 29 and more threatening(威胁). The mother put the baby birds under her wings and carefully crouched(蹲下)down over them so her babies were well 30 ． I was watching them with respect when I suddenly 31 and fell to the ground． The mother took this as a(n) 32 and the father raced towards me, 33 his wings to protect the mother and the baby birds. I felt sorry to have disturbed them and left quickly. I am amazed by their 34 actions. Their parental love made them so courageous. It is hard not to show 35 for nature. [语篇导读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在自家院子里看到两只鸟， 从这两只鸟身上看到了为人父母的勇敢并对自然心生敬意。 21．A．remind B．awaken C．notice D．protest 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：它们似乎没有注意到我， 直到我就出现在它们面前， 然后它们立即消失在附近的灌木丛中。A．remind(提醒)；B．awaken(唤醒)；C．notice(注意)；D．protest(抗议)。根据“until I was right in front of them”可知， 它们没有注意到作者。故选C。 答案　C 22．A．immediately B．familiarly C．creatively D．slowly 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：它们似乎没有注意到我， 直到我就出现在它们面前， 然后它们立即消失在附近的灌木丛中。A．immediately(立即)；B．familiarly(亲密地)；C．creatively(创造性地)；D．slowly(缓慢地)。根据“disappeared into the nearby bushes”可知， 两只鸟看见作者之后， 立即消失在灌木丛里。故选A。 答案　A 23．A．feeling B．sense C．opinion D．idea 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：想到两只特殊的鸟在我的院子里筑巢， 我非常兴奋。A．feeling(感觉)；B．sense(知觉)；C．opinion(意见)；D．idea(想法)。根据“two special birds making a nest in my yard”可知， 这是作者的想法。故选D。 答案　D 24．A．survived B．removed C．gathered D．reappeared 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：几周后， 这些鸟又出现了。A．survived(幸存)；B．removed(去除)；C．gathered(收集)；D．reappeared(再出现)。根据下文“I found them crouching(蹲伏) beside a tree(我发现它们蹲在树旁)”可知， 两只鸟又出现了。故选D。 答案　D 25．A．stuck out B．put down C．cleared up D．turned around 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我走近它们时， 它们伸出头来， 发出沙哑的声音。A．stuck out(伸出)；B．put down(放下)；C．cleared up(放晴)；D．turned around(转身)。根据“their heads and made a croaking (嘶哑地叫) sound”可知， 鸟伸出了头发出声音。故选A。 答案　A 26．A．collection B．discovery C．conclusion D．description 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：我不知道它们为什么对我大喊大叫， 直到不久后我有了一个惊人的发现：有两只小鸟快乐地跳来跳去。A．collection(收集)；B．discovery(发现)；C．conclusion(结论)；D．description(描述)。根据“there were two small birds”可知， 这是作者的发现。故选B。 答案　B 27．A．jumping B．fighting C．tracking D．marching 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：我不知道它们为什么对我大喊大叫， 直到不久后我有了一个惊人的发现：有两只小鸟快乐地跳来跳去。A．jumping(跳)；B．fighting(打架)；C．tracking(跟踪)；D．marching(前进)。根据“around happily”可知， 小鸟到处快乐地跳。故选A。 答案　A 28．A．curious B．patient C．worried D．careful 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：当我小心翼翼地向这些鸟靠近时， 它们又开始鸣叫了， 脖子向前伸， 看起来更强壮、更具威胁性。A．curious(好奇的)；B．patient(有耐心的)；C．worried(担心的)；D．careful(小心的)。根据下文“not to make sudden movements(不做出突然的动作)”可知， 作者尽可能小心地不惊动鸟。故选D。 答案　D 29．A．cleverer B．simpler C．longer D．stronger 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：当我小心翼翼地向这些鸟靠近时， 它们又开始鸣叫了， 脖子向前伸， 看起来更强壮、更具威胁性。A．cleverer(更聪明的)；B．simpler(更简单的)；C．longer(更长的)；D．stronger(更强壮的)。根据“they started their croaking again, putting their necks forward so they seemed”以及“and more threatening”可知， 空白处应与“more threatening”含义相近的词构成并列关系。故选D。 答案　D 30．A．fed B．hidden C．raised D．identified 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：鸟妈妈把小鸟放在翅膀下面， 小心翼翼地蹲在它们身上， 这样她的宝宝很好地藏了起来。A．fed(喂养)；B．hidden(藏)；C．raised(抚养)；D．identified(确认)。根据“The mother put the baby birds under her wings and carefully crouched(蹲下) down over them”可知， 鸟妈妈看见作者靠近， 要把小鸟藏起来。故选B。 答案　B 31．A．tripped B．moved C．alarmed D．responded 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：我正满怀敬意地看着它们， 突然绊倒在地。A．tripped(绊倒)；B．moved(移动)；C．alarmed(使惊恐)；D．responded(回答)。根据“fell to the ground”可知， 作者被绊倒了。故选A。 答案　A 32．A．target B．defence C．threat D．escape 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：鸟妈妈认为这是一种威胁， 鸟爸爸向我冲来， 展开翅膀保护鸟妈妈和小鸟宝宝。A．target(目标)；B．defence(防御)；C．threat(威胁)；D．escape(逃避)。根据“the father raced towards me”以及“to protect the mother and the baby birds”可知， 鸟爸爸和鸟妈妈认为作者的行为是一种威胁。故选C。 答案　C 33．A．shooting B．showing C．folding D．spreading 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：鸟妈妈认为这是一种威胁， 鸟爸爸向我冲来， 展开翅膀保护鸟妈妈和小鸟宝宝。A．shooting(射击)；B．showing(展示)；C．folding(折叠)；D．spreading(展开)。根据“to protect the mother and the baby birds”可知， 鸟爸爸展开翅膀保护鸟妈妈和小鸟宝宝。故选D。 答案　D 34．A．specific B．individual C．brave D．particular 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：我对它们的勇敢行为感到惊讶。A．specific(明确的)；B．individual(单独的)；C．brave(勇敢的)；D．particular(特定的)。根据下文“Their parental love made them so courageous(它们的为人父母的爱让它们如此勇敢)”可知， 这两只鸟很勇敢。故选C。 答案　C 35．A．permanence B．respect C．emotion D．pleasure 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：很难不对自然心生敬意。A．permanence(持久)；B．respect(尊敬)；C．emotion(情绪)；D．pleasure(快乐)。根据上文“Their parental love made them so courageous”可知， 作者从一对鸟夫妻的身上感受到了为人父母的勇敢， 引申出对自然的感叹， 对自然心生敬意。故选B。 答案　B 第二节　(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The loquat(枇杷)is native to southeastern China．The 36. (leaf)of the loquat tree bear a similarity to the pipa, 37. ancient Chinese instrument.That's 38. it shares the same Chinese pronunciation with that of the instrument.The loquat was first planted by the Chinese people 1，800 years ago and spread abroad later on. When 39. (study)in Japan in 1988, Lin Shunquan, a Chinese professor, found that the scientific name for the loquat was “Japanese plum” internationally 40. that it was thought to be native to Japan.Since 41. (he)return to China in 1989, Lin Shunquan has been working to correct the name of the loquat.In 1998, his paper Loquat: Botany and Horticulture was published in a 42. (profession)journal, arguing that the loquat originated in China．Since Japan 43. (acknowledge)that the loquat originated in China in 2006, the name, “Chinese plum”， has been accepted worldwide. In addition, 44. (devote)to advancing the loquat planting techniques, Professor Lin helped to develop the loquat industry.Due to the demanding techniques of growing loquat and the high cost of labor, few young people 45. (willing)take over.Lin Shunquan has also worked with Alibaba to establish a direct base, which has attracted young people to return to their hometowns to set up online shops. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国教授林顺权在纠正日本关于枇杷起源方面做出的努力和对枇杷产业发展的贡献。 36．解析　考查名词的数。句意：枇杷树的叶子与中国古代乐器琵琶有相似之处。leaf为可数名词， 此处表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填leaves。 答案　leaves 37．解析　考查冠词。句意：枇杷树的叶子与中国古代乐器琵琶有相似之处。instrument为可数名词， 此处表泛指应用不定冠词， 且ancient是发音以元音音素开头的单词， 应用an。故填an。 答案　an 38．解析　考查名词性从句。句意：这就是为什么它的发音和乐器一样。此处为表语从句， 从句缺少原因状语， 应用why。故填why。 答案　why 39．解析　考查省略句。句意：1988年， 中国教授林顺权在日本留学时发现， 枇杷在国际上的学名是“日本山楂”， 人们认为枇杷原产于日本。在when引导的时间状语从句中， 当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时， 可省略从句的主语和be, 从句完整形式为“When Lin Shunquan was studying in Japan in 1988”， 省略了Lin Shunquan was。故填studying。 答案　studying 40．解析　考查连词。句意：1988年， 中国教授林顺权在日本留学时发现， 枇杷在国际上的学名是“日本山楂”， 人们认为枇杷原产于日本。连接前后两个宾语从句， 应用并列连词 and。故填and。 答案　and 41．解析　考查代词。句意：1989年回到中国后， 林顺权一直在纠正枇杷的名字。修饰后文名词return, 需用形容词性物主代词his作定语。故填his。 答案　his 42．解析　考查形容词。句意：1998年， 他的论文《枇杷：植物学与园艺学》在专业期刊上发表， 认为枇杷起源于中国。修饰名词journal, 应用形容词professional作定语。故填professional。 答案　professional 43．解析　考查时态。句意：自2006年日本承认枇杷起源于中国以来， “中国枇杷”这个名称便在世界范围内被接受。根据后文in 2006可知应用一般过去时。故填acknowledged。 答案　acknowledged 44．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：此外， 林教授还致力于推广枇杷种植技术， 协助枇杷产业的发展。短语be devoted to表示“致力于”， 此处省略be动词， 用过去分词作状语。故填devoted。 答案　devoted 45．解析　考查副词。句意：由于种植枇杷的技术要求高， 劳动力成本高， 很少有年轻人愿意接手。修饰动词短语take over, 应用副词willingly作状语。故填willingly。 答案　willingly 第三部分　写作(共两节， 满分40分) 第一节　(满分15分) 请根据下面所给的图片， 用英语写一篇观察日记， 描述花生(peanut)的生长过程。内容包括： 1．播种及发芽阶段(播种时间：4月初， 图①和图②)； 2．生长及发育阶段(5—6月， 图③和图④)； 3．成熟及结果阶段(7—8月， 图⑤)。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 [参考范文] It is the right time to sow peanuts in early April every year.First, we shell the peanuts before sowing the seeds in the soil.About one week later, we can see sprouts grow out of the soil. Soon, the tender sprouts grow into leaves.As time goes by, more leaves grow from the stem in May, which can receive more sunlight to help the plants grow up.About a month later, yellow flowers come out, which means young peanuts are being produced in the soil. In July and August, the young peanuts become mature in the soil when the flowers fall.When the nuts become mature enough, farmers dig them out and make them into all kinds of delicious foods. 第二节　(满分25分) 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (娄底一中高二期中)Dad and Mom had got to go on a four­day business trip.They taught their elder son Daniel and younger daughter Jane how to feed and look after their dog, Spot, how to take good care of themselves—learning to cook if they could, or ordering pizza—with money left on the table—if they were busy, and told them to keep their rooms clean and tidy.They asked Daniel to be in charge. On the very morning when the parents left, Mom kissed them and said to Daniel gently, “Young man, do take care of Spot and Jane.” Daniel promised, “I will, Mom.” Too excited to fall asleep again, Daniel and Jane jumped out of bed, calling out each other to get up.Their pet dog, Spot, heard the similar voice and rushed in, with a ball in its mouth.Jane stuck(伸)her head into Daniel's room, “Spot got up an hour earlier.Let's walk it.” Daniel said excitedly, “I'm coming, but, Jane, don't forget to keep your room clean and tidy.” “I will.” They ran with the dog in the yard and threw the ball away for Spot to bring it back.They had fun playing with Spot the whole morning.Washing Spot was slow and tiring as it was the first time they had done it.Then Daniel settled down to his homework while Jane did her reading with interest. The following day, Jane begged her brother to order pizza for lunch.Daniel agreed excitedly, “We haven't tasted that for long and we behave ourselves, right？”After a while, he added, “We should save money, too.” Within half an hour, they treated themselves to a big pizzA．However, in the afternoon, Spot looked sick, lying lazily and unwilling to move.Daniel was concerned about the dog and took it to the pet clinic immediately with Jane as their parents had done. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1： When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess. Paragraph 2： Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes, “Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won't trust me any longer.” [参考范文] Paragraph 1： When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess. Mom was angry and shouted, “Listen to me, young man—I left you in charge.We thought you would act like an adult, but look at the mess.The money for food has been used up but why does Spot still look hungry? What did you do with the money we left？” Jane explained anxiously, “Mummy, Spot is sick, so we spent the rest of the money taking it to the pet clinic．” Paragraph 2： Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes, “Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won't trust me any longer.” Comforting Mom, Dad said calmly, “There is probably a good explanation for everything.” Hearing the little daughter's words, Mom understood that the reason why they had no time to clean the house was that they waited for Spot at the clinic all day.Mom regretted acting so angrily and was satisfied that Daniel learnt to be responsible for others.She apologized to Daniel sincerely and hugged him in her arms, saying that “you are really growing up into a young man.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$