UNIT 4 Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册同步练测（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书第75页] Ⅰ.重点单词 ▶基础单词 1.　forever　 adv. 永远 2.　click　 v. 点击（鼠标） 3.　maintain　 v. 保持， 维持 4.　digital　 adj. 数字的， 数码的 5.　update　 n. 最新消息 6.　criminal　 n. 罪犯 7.　bathwater　 n. 浴水， 洗澡水 8.　acquire　 v. 获得， 得到 9.　prove　 v. 证明， 证实 10.　diagram　 n. 图解， 示意图 ▶拓展单词 1.　familiar　 adj.熟悉的→unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的， 不了解的 2.　adventure　 n.历险（经历）， 奇遇→adventurous adj.冒险的 3.　prefer　 v.更喜欢→preference n.喜爱；偏爱 4.　deliver　 v.递送， 传送→delivery n.递送， 发送；分娩→deliverer n.递送人， 送货人 5.　advance　 n.进步， 进展→advanced adj.高级的；高等的；先进的 6. significance n.意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重要的→　significantly　 adv.重大地， 显著地 7. able adj.能；有能力的；能干的→　enable　 v.使可能， 使发生→disable vt.使残疾；使失去能力→disabled adj.伤残的；有缺陷的→ ability n.能力 8. usual adj.通常的；惯常的；平常的 →usually adv.通常地；惯常地；平常地→　unusual　 adj.异常的， 不平常的 9.　tend　 v.易于做某事， 往往会发生某事 →tendency n.倾向；趋势 10.　illustrate　 v.（举例）说明， 阐明→illustration n.说明；图解， 图示；（书或文章的）插图 Ⅱ.重点短语 1. take part 　in　 参加；参与 2. face 　to　 face 面对面 3. lose track 　of　 不了解……的情况， 不了解……的动态 4. thanks 　to　 归功于……， 多亏…… 5. communicate 　with　 与……交流 6. stay 　in　 touch with 和……保持联系 7. connect…　with　… 把……与……相联系 8. keep…　in　 mind 记住…… 9. throw the baby out 　with　 the bathwater 不分良莠一起抛弃 10. long 　for　 sth. 渴望得到某物 Ⅲ.重点句型 1. How would you feel if 　moving to a new town　 meant losing track of your friends？ 如果搬到一个新的城镇意味着与朋友失去联系， 你会作何感受？ 2.　What if　 the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered？ 如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息， 你会怎样？ 3.　Whatever our hobbies　， the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them， even if they live on the other side of the world. 不管我们的爱好是什么， 我们都能在网上结识同好， 哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。 4.　Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends　， the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式， 友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。 5. As Aristotle said， no one would choose to live without friends， 　even if he had all other goods　. 正如亚里士多德所说：没有人会选择没有朋友的生活， 哪怕他拥有其他所有财富。 [对应学生用书第76页] [整体理解] Ⅰ. Scan the text and match the general idea of each paragraph. 1. Para.1 A. Today it’s easy to keep in touch with friends. 2. Para.2 B. We should take an unprejudiced attitude to online friendship. 3. Para.3 C. It’s difficult to judge whether online friendship is real or not. 4. Para.4～Para.7 D. Technology has changed the way of making friends. 5. Para.8 E. Today it’s easy to find friends who share our interests. 答案　1-5　DAECB Ⅱ. Read the text and choose the best answers. 1. Which friends may be real friends online？ A. People who often have a chat with you. B. People who always tell you the true information. C. People who introduce other people to you. D. People who have similar interests with you. 2. What does the sentence “on the Internet， nobody knows you’re a dog” mean？ A. You don’t exactly know who the person on the Internet is. B. People always change real information online. C. On the Internet the young are always the old. D. You may have a chance to be a lucky dog on the Internet. 3. What can be learned from the last paragraph？ A. People can have no friend because of social media. B. People’s longing for friends has decreased. C. The meaning of friendship has changed a lot. D. Friendship is still important for people. 4. What is the main idea of the passage？ A. It is dangerous to make friends online. B. Making friends online is the best way of making friends. C. Making friends is much easier online than in traditional ways. D. There are advantages and disadvantages of making friends online. 答案　1-4　BADD Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks according to the text. Thanks 1.　to　 new technology， ways to make friends 2.　have changed　（change）a lot. In the past， we used letters， 3.　but　 now we use social media 4.　tools　（tool）to keep in touch. The Internet can connect 5.　us　（we）with others even if they live very far away. However， does it mean that your friends on the Internet are all 6.　reliable　（rely）？It depends. Remember what we see on social media 7.　is　（be）often not the whole 8.　truth　（true）about a person. On social media sites， people tend 9.　to post　（post）only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. But this doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby 10.　out　 with the bathwater. [课文译注] 词汇积累 教材原文 参考译文 ①lose track of不了解……的情况， 不了解……的动态 ②faraway adj.遥远的 ③deliver v.递送， 传送 ④thanks to归功于……， 多亏…… ⑤advance n.进步， 进展 ⑥communicate with与……交流 ⑦significantly adv.重大地， 显著地 ⑧nowadays adv.现今， 现时 ⑨stay in touch with和……保持联系 ⑩media n.新闻媒体， 传媒 medium n.（pl. media）媒介；手段；方法 adj.中等的；中号的 the media大众传播媒介 social media 社交媒体 ⑪up to从事， 忙于；达到（某数量、程度等）；直到；不多于；（体力或智力上）能胜任 ⑫maintain v.保持， 维持 ⑬wi-fi n.无线网络， 无线上网 ⑭digital adj.数字的， 数码的 ⑮enable v.使可能， 使发生 ⑯unusual adj.异常的， 不平常的 ⑰instrument n.乐器 ⑱exchange v.意见、信息等交流 ⑲keep…in mind记住…… ⑳site n.网站 ㉑tend v.易于做某事， 往往会发生某事 ㉒positive adj.好的， 积极的 ㉓update n.最新消息 ㉔saying n.格言， 谚语， 警句 ㉕criminal n.罪犯 ㉖bathwater n.浴水， 洗澡水 throw the baby out with the bathwater不分良莠一起抛弃 ㉗acquire v.获得， 得到 ㉘long for sth.渴望得到某物 ㉙goods n.商品 CLICK FOR A FRIEND？ How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of① your friends？What if the only way of getting news from faraway② friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered③？[1]This was how things worked not very long ago.[2]Thanks to④ advances⑤ in technology， how we make friends and communicate with⑥ them has changed significantly⑦. [1]此处为“what if…？”句式， 表示“要是……会怎么样呢？”， 其中that引导定语从句， 修饰先行词letters， that在从句中作主语。 [2]how things worked not very long ago是 how引导的表语从句， how在从句中作方式状语。 Nowadays⑧， we can move around the world and still stay in touch with⑨ the people that we want to remain friends with.[3]Social media⑩ tools let us see what our friends are up to⑪ and maintain⑫ friendships.[4]All you need is a wi-fi⑬ connection. [3]that we want to remain friends with为关系代词that引导的定语从句， 修饰先行词people， that在从句中作介词with的宾语。 [4]本句中and连接两个并列的非谓语动词see和maintain；其中what our friends are up to为 what引导的宾语从句， what在从句中作宾语。 The digital⑭ age also enables⑮ us to find people who share our interests， such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual⑯instrument⑰. Whatever our hobbies， the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them， even if they live on the other side of the world.[5] [5]本句是主从复合句， 其中Whatever our hobbies为“特殊疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句的省略形式， 其完整形式应为Whatever our hobbies are。主句中包含who引导的定语从句和even if引导的让步状语从句。 But when you“friend” people online， does this mean that they really are your friends？ It depends. If people always exchange⑱ true personal information online， then yes， these friendships can be real and meaningful. But we need to keep in mind⑲ that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.[6] [6]本句中that what we…about a person为 that引导的宾语从句， 作keep的宾语， 因宾语太长， 故将宾语后置；该从句中的what we see on social media为what引导的主语从句， what在从句中作see的宾语。 On social media sites⑳， people tend㉑ to post only positive㉒ updates㉓that make them appear happy and friendly. But smiling photos can hide real problems. Remember the saying㉔：on the Internet， nobody knows you’re a dog. A young person could be old； a woman could be a man； we could even be sharing our information with criminals㉕. But this doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater㉖. Although technology has changed the way we acquire㉗ friends， the meaning of friendship and our longing for㉘ friends remain the same.[7]As Aristotle said， no one would choose to live without friends， even if he had all other goods㉙. [7]本句中Although引导让步状语从句， 其中we acquire friends为定语从句， 修饰先行词the way。 一键交友？ 如果搬到一个新的城镇意味着与朋友失去联系， 你会作何感受？如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息， 你会怎样？直到不久之前， 现实情况还都是这样的。然而， 得益于技术的进步， 我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变。 如今， 我们可以一边周游世界， 一边仍可与想要与之维持友谊的人们保持联系。通过社交媒体工具， 我们能知晓朋友的动向、维系彼此间的友谊。而这一切只要有无线网络就可以实现。 数字时代还可以帮我们找到志趣相投的人——例如收集汽车模型或演奏不寻常的乐器。不管我们的爱好是什么， 我们都能在网上结识同好， 哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。 然而， 在网上跟别人“结为朋友”， 这就意味着他们真的是你的朋友吗？ 这要视情况而定。 如果人们在网上交换的个人信息都是真实的， 那么答案为“是的”， 这种友谊是真实且有意义的。但我们需要谨记， 我们在社交媒体上看到的， 往往不是一个人的全部真面目。 在社交网站上， 人们倾向于只发布正面的信息， 塑造自己快乐且友善的形象。然而， 微笑的照片会掩盖真正的问题。记住这句话：在网络上， 没人知道你是一条狗。（网上展示的）年轻人形象的背后可能是个老人， 而女性形象的背后也可能是个男人， 我们分享个人信息的对象甚至可能是罪犯。 但是， 这并不意味着我们应该因噎废食、弃沙抛金。尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式， 友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。正如亚里士多德所说：没有人会选择没有朋友的生活， 哪怕他拥有其他所有财富。 [对应学生用书第78页] [核心词汇] 1. prefer v.更喜欢 （教材P50）How do you prefer to make friends？ 你喜欢怎样交朋友？ （1） prefer doing/to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 prefer…to… 喜欢……多于…… prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 prefer doing…to doing…（＝prefer to do…rather than do…＝would do…rather than do…＝would rather do…than do…） 宁愿做……而不愿做…… （2） preference n. 爱好；偏爱 have a preference for… 偏爱…… We can eat out if you like， but I would prefer staying/to stay in. 如果你愿意的话我们可以去外面吃饭， 但我更倾向于待在家里。 Nowadays many children prefer surfing the Internet at home to taking exercise outdoors. 如今许多孩子宁可待在家里上网， 也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。 [活学活用] （1）单句语法填空 ①We most prefer 　saying/to say　（say）yes to the requests of someone we know and like. ②Babies prefer sweet food 　to　 salty food. ③A teacher should not have a 　preference　（prefer）for any one of his pupils. （2）单句写作 ④我更喜欢看电影而不是看电视。 I 　prefer going to the cinema to watching TV　. 2. deliver v.递送， 传送；发表（演说等）；生（小孩儿）；接生 （教材P50）What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered？ 如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息， 你会怎样？ （1） deliver sb./sth. to sb. 把某人/某物递送/传递给某人 deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲/授课 deliver a baby 接生小孩 be delivered of a baby＝give birth to a baby 生孩子 （2） delivery n. 递送， 发送；分娩 To her great joy， she was delivered of a healthy boy. 使她感到很高兴的是， 她生了一个健康的男孩。 I don’t think your delivery is satisfying， for I can’t find more information about shipment. 我认为你的发货令人不满意， 因为我没发现关于运输的更多信息。 [形象记忆] [活学活用] （1）单句语法填空 ①If you buy our goods， our company will deliver the goods 　to　 your door. ②We had a big 　delivery　（deliver）of books yesterday. （2）写出下列句子中deliver的含义 ③Bitten twice， the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.　递送　 ④The president is working late into the night， preparing a long speech he is to deliver tomorrow.　发表　 ⑤In her 40 years of practice， the doctor delivered many babies.　接生　 3. thanks to归功于……， 多亏…… （教材P50）Thanks to advances in technology， how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. 然而， 得益于技术的进步， 我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变。 due to 由于；因为 because of 因为；由于 owing to 由于 as a result of… 因为……的结果 Due to my English teacher’s help， my English scores were always on the top of my class. 由于我英语老师的帮助， 我的英语成绩总是名列前茅。 Owing to lack of experience， I didn’t do the work well. 由于缺乏经验， 我没有把工作做好。 [活学活用] （1）单句语法填空 ①It is reported that the terrible accident was due 　to　 his careless driving. ②As 　a　 result of the bad weather， the football match was put off. ③By the end of the century， if not sooner， the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks 　to　 a warming climate， according to a new study. （2）句型转换 ④The new product quickly became popular because of a national advertising campaign. →　Due/Thanks/Owing to　 a national advertising campaign， the new product quickly became popular. 4. advance n.进步， 进展 （教材P50）Thanks to advances in technology， how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. 然而， 得益于技术的进步， 我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变。 （1） in advance of 在……前面；在……之前 in advance 在前面；预先 （2） advance v. 前进；发展；促进 advance on/towards sb./sth. 向某人/物前进 （3） advanced adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的 A group of students are advancing towards our school library. 有一群学生正向我们学校图书馆走来。 To catch the early flight， we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 为了赶上早班飞机， 我们提前预订了出租车， 而且起床很早。 [活学活用] （1）单句语法填空 ①Thanks to the 　advanced　（advance）technology， we live in an age of better communication. ②It’s cheaper if you book the tickets 　in　 advance. ③He advanced 　on/upon/towards　 me in a threatening manner and I felt a little frightened. （2）单句写作 ④在先进技术的帮助下， 我们提前完成了这项任务。 　With the help of the advanced technology　， we completed the task 　in advance　. 5. tend v.易于做某事， 往往会发生某事 （教材P52）On social media sites， people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. 在社交网站上， 人们倾向于只发布正面的信息， 塑造自己快乐且友善的形象。 （1） tend to do sth. 易于做某事， 往往会发生某事 （2） tend v. 照顾；照料 tend（to）sb./sth. 照料， 护理 （3） tendency n. 倾向；趋势 have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事；往往会做某事 I have to tend（to）the children before I go out. 我出去之前必须把孩子照顾好。 Boys and girls tend to be different in this regard. 男孩和女孩在这方面往往有所不同。 My grandmother has a tendency to go to bed early every day. 我祖母每天总爱早睡。 [活学活用] （1）单句语法填空 ①You may tend 　to look　（look）down and away when greeting someone. ②He has a 　tendency　（tend）to get angry when people oppose his plan. （2）单句写作 ③她太忙了以至于没有时间照顾孩子。 She is so busy that she has no time 　to tend（to）her children　. 6. acquire v.获得， 得到 （教材P52）Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends， the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式， 友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。 （1） acquire a knowledge of… 学会了…… acquire a habit of… 养成……的习惯 acquire sb. sth. 使某人得到某物 （2） acquired adj. 习得的；养成的；后天的 His character acquired him a good name. 他的品格使他得到好名声。 Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 只有很好地掌握了语法知识， 写出的东西才能正确。 [易混辨析]　acquire/gain/get/obtain acquire 强调通过持续的努力而获得某物， 也指日积月累地、渐渐地获得。 gain 侧重经过努力或有意识的行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。 get 普通用词， 使用广泛， 可指以任何方式得到某物， 不一定要经过努力。 obtain 指通过计划或努力得到或买到某物。 [活学活用] （1）单句语法填空 ①He acquired a good knowledge 　of　 English by careful study. ②Having read the book， she will be able to pass on the 　acquired　（acquire）knowledge to trainee teachers. （2）选词填空：acquire、 gain、 obtain ③Gazing at her newly-published books， Jane is deep in thought：it took her nine years to 　acquire　 the ability to use English and about two years to 　obtain　 the permission to study abroad. Now fifteen years has passed and it’s indeed not easy for her to 　gain　 the honor in a foreign country. [重点句型] 1. What if…？ （教材P50）　What if　 the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered？ 如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息， 你会怎样？ [句式剖析] What if…？常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等， 意为“倘若……将会怎样？”“如果……将会怎样？”。 [归纳拓展] （1）What if…？意为“如果……将怎么办？”， 可以看作What will happen if…？的省略形式；还可表示“即使……又有什么关系？”， 看作是What does it matter if…的省略形式。常用于令人不愉快的事情发生时。 （2）What if…？意为“如果……怎么样？”， 用于表示提出有益的建议。 （3）So what？那又怎么样？ What（…）for？为何， 为何目的？ （4）How/What about…？……怎么样？ Why not do…？为什么不做某事？ What if you join us for lunch？ 同我们一起吃午饭怎么样？ What did he go to the office for last night？ 他昨晚去办公室干什么了？ [活学活用] （1）单句语法填空 ①—I’d like to go back to the office. —What 　for　？It’s so late. ②What 　if　 something goes wrong？ ③—What 　about　 a walk after supper？ —Good idea！ （2）英译汉 ④What if he has much money？ 　即使他很有钱又有什么关系？　 ⑤What if it rains tomorrow？Will we still have soccer practice？ 　明天要是下雨怎么办？我们还练足球吗？　 2. even if引导让步状语从句 （教材P52）As Aristotle said， no one would choose to live without friends， 　even if he had all other goods　. 正如亚里士多德所说：没有人会选择没有朋友的生活， 哪怕他拥有其他所有财富。 [句式剖析] even if he had all other goods是由even if引导的让步状语从句。 [归纳拓展] （1）even if/though意为“即使；虽然”， 引导让步状语从句。 （2）如果整个句子意指将来， even though/if从句中的谓语动词须用一般现在时代替将来时。 （3）even if/though引导的让步状语从句中， 当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句中的主语是it， 且从句中含有be的某种形式时， 从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。 （4）引导让步状语从句的还有although、 though、 as、 while等。 He won’t come to our party even if（he is）invited. 即使受到邀请他也不会来参加我们的聚会。 Although he was injured， he managed to climb out of his car. 尽管他受伤了， 他还是从车里爬了出来。 [活学活用] （1）单句语法填空 ①Even 　if/though　 we achieve great success in our work， we should not be proud. ②Even if 　invited　（invite）， I wouldn’t go to attend the party. ③He will come on time even though it 　rains　（rain）. （2）单句写作 ④即使失败十次， 我也不灰心。 I’ll never lose heart 　even if/though I should fail ten times　. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$