精品解析：2024届北京市朝阳区高三下学期二模英语试题

北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测二 英语 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A nurse named Aly Hogarth has reunited with a mother and daughter at the same hospital ship 30 years after saving their lives. In 1993, Ms Hogarth was touring a hospital ship in Sierra Leone when she knew that a patient Catherine Conteh needed a Caesarean section (剖腹产手术), but she couldn’t ___1___ it. Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the ￡70 surgery, so that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, could be ___2___. Later, Ms Hogarth volunteered to take care of her in the hospital, ___3___ her wound and teaching her how to feed the baby. In this way Ms Hogarth formed a ___4___ with the mother and the baby, but they lost ___5___ when she returned home to New Zealand. Ms Hogarth, now 52, volunteered for charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she ___6___ Catherine and Regina at the same hospital ship. They both became nurses, inspired by Ms Hogarth, and Regina now has a child of her own. Ms Hogarth said, “To see Catherine in person again, it’s very unreal really. It’s not something I ___7___ expected until we made contact again. For me, I felt ___8___ at the moment when we met and didn’t know how to react.” “We just cried and cried,” Catherine said. “Regina and I would have died without Ms Hogarth’s pure love.” “It’s really ___9___ to see Catherine again,” Ms Hogarth shared. “I thought about her every time I told that story for the last 30 years. I know it was a significant time — realizing that you can make a real ___10___ by doing something.” 1. A. cancel B. bear C. afford D. accept 2. A. examined B. delivered C. adopted D. attended 3. A. receiving B. removing C. dressing D. discovering 4. A. habit B. tradition C. plan D. bond 5. A. touch B. control C. hope D. direction 6 A. called on B. came across C. looked after D. kept off 7. A. ever B. still C. even D. just 8. A. inspired B. disappointed C. concerned D. excited 9. A. impossible B. amazing C. challenging D. simple 10. A. effort B. commitment C. decision D. difference 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. ___11___ (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just ___12___ (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter ___13___ age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The horse-face skirt, or mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese skirt that dates back to the Song Dynasty. Traditionally it has two panels ___14___ (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a “skirt door”, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls. It primarily ___15___ (represent) a Chinese philosophical concept that harmonizes strength and gentleness. The skirt has gone beyond time and space to become a fashion item today. It ___16___ (prefer) by fans of traditional clothing, who have continued to develop it. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during ___17___(stress) periods of life. A bit of optimism makes you become better and emotionally ___18___(healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things ___19___(happen). But being optimistic doesn’t mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s not. It is a particular state of mind ___20___ you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Do you want to boost your ATAR, a rank which indicates the overall achievements of all Year 12 students in Australia, and get a preview of university life? When you join the Deakin Accelerate Program, you’ll get a head start by completing two first-year university units while you’re still a high school student. How Deakin Accelerate Program works You’ll study two first-year university units through the program. If you choose to study and experience university life on campus, you’ll attend classes and conferences during the day. Or if studying online is more accessible for you, complete the program online in your free time at school or after hours when it suits you. No matter how you choose to study, you’ll benefit from our online learning platform, which allows you to access classes, workshops, resources and more. Whether you’ re using your desktop, tablet or mobile, you’ll have access to course content all year round and get answers in real time. After successfully completing your Accelerate units, you’ll gain credits which you’ can put towards a related Deakin university course. Plus, there is no charge for that. Apply to the Deakin Accelerate Program if you’re: ·a high achiever with above-average Year 11 results; ·looking for an extra challenge in high school; ·a self-starter who can work independently; ·keen to make a head start on your university degree. To be qualified for the program, you must: ·be completing Year 12 in 2024; ·meet the high school subject requirement; ·attain a minimum average grade of 65% across your subjects. For more information about the Deakin Accelerate Program, you can read our FAQs or get in touch using our online inquiry form. Submit an inquiry 21. What benefit do participants gain from the Deakin Accelerate Program? A. Receiving a preview of their ATAR. B. Experiencing different learning styles. C. Completing two years’ university units. D. Earning credits towards university courses. 22. What is available for participants on the online learning platform? A. Real-time response. B. Guidance on using devices. C. High school course content. D. An online learning schedule. 23. Which is a requirement for the applicants? A. Submitting an inquiry form. B. Graduating from university in 2024. C. Having started to study for a university degree. D. Achieving an average score of at least 65% in all subjects. B When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice. I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over. When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes. By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared. This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube. 24. How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author? A. She lived with a sense of guilt. B. She realized the importance of first aid. C. She developed a fear of witnessing similar events. D. She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect. 25. What did the author do to help the woman on the tube? A. She relieved the woman’s coughing. B. She walked the woman up to the lift. C. She found a “medically competent” person for her. D. She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back. 26. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect? A. You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag. B. You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman. C. You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road. D. You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. A good turn deserves another. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. Action speaks louder than inaction. C Science begins with mystery. Arguably, the two greatest mysteries are the universe and awareness-the vast world out there and the powerful world within. Scientists attracted by one can be called to study the other, led by the thought that these mysteries are connected. Science writer George Musser’s book Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation (方程) reviews their progress: Can physics unlock the mystery of awareness? Does awareness form the basis of fundamental physics? The result is an ambitious but ultimately disappointing tour, filled with breathless encounters with well-known scientists. Representative of the cast is MIT’s Max Tegmark, who tells Musser, “If you look at the problems that were still difficult to answer in fundamental physics, pretty much all of them trace back to awareness.” The book shows how physicists are contributing to understanding the mind, continuing a long history of physicists exploring other fields. Musser integrates physics with neuroscience, economies, mathematics and more. Yet a key source of local knowledge is obviously absent — psychology. An early example: Musser rightly applauds physicists’ contributions to artificial neural networks but is overly trustful of their implications, declaring that “ChatGPT” is already starting to demonstrate a generalized intelligence like that of humans. Interviewing more psychologists could have exposed the considerable gap remaining. What about awareness itself? Why are some states associated with felt experience, such as the pain of a headache and the sight of a sunset, but others not? Musser’s focus is integrated information theory(IIT). IIT begins with five self-evident principles of awareness: awareness exists, and it is structured, specific, unified, and definite. It then concludes assumptions concerning the causal structure of awareness systems, identifying awareness with integrated information. Finally, IIT offers a mathematical measure of this quantity: an equation for awareness. However, despite its enthusiasts, IIT has significant problems. Its working basis is unfounded, and serious doubts surround its testability and definability. Of course, a theory of awareness must detail when, why, and to what degree we are aware of ourselves. Here, psychology’s absence is most obvious. Over the last century, psychological research has revealed countless phenomena of awareness, from models that alter awareness to methods that stimulate unawareness; from extraordinary disorders of awareness to careful studies of metacognition (元认知). Although questionable, such phenomena are the data that any scientific theory of awareness must account for. Yet these phenomena and ideas are almost nowhere in the book. Of course, psychology has not solved awareness, but one cannot hope to explain awareness without confronting these data. Awareness is genuinely mysterious. So is fundamental physics. But hoping that physics can solve awareness while excluding other approaches is only a recipe for more mystery, not less. 28. What can we learn from Musser’s book? A. IIT is acknowledged for its testability and definability. B. Musser underestimates the impact of artificial intelligence. C. Using psychology is a trend for physicists exploring other fields. D. Musser highlights physicists’ efforts to uncover the secret of awareness. 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The link between physics and awareness has been established. B There is no doubt about the principles of an equation for awareness. C. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to understanding awareness. D. Study of awareness needs to ignore related psychological phenomena. 30. Regarding Musser’s view in his book the author is . A. neutral B. disapproving C. supportive D. uncertain D It is perhaps easy to accept the statement that the universe is expanding. It is just some strange physics indicating that, as time goes on, galaxies (星系) get further away from each other just like two cars racing away from each other. I personally don’t like it and prefer the balloon analogy. In this situation, there are dots all over a balloon. When we blow it up in real life, the dots would increase in size. In this analogy, let’s assume they don’t. What we are interested in is how the distance between the dots on the surface of the balloon grows as we put more air into it. The balloon analogy relies somewhat on our geometric sensibilities which refer to our sense of shapes and how they change over time. At its core, what we are trying to develop a sense for is how we measure distances. This concept is also the fundamental goal of general relativity, Einstein’s theory of gravity. In general relativity, the most important piece of information is what we call the metric, an equation that describes how distances are measured, and therefore also tells us about the shape space-time is taking. The whole idea that space-time is expanding was first noticed as a mathematical consequence of general relativity by Georges Lemaitre in 1927, when he solved Einstein’s equation and found a solution for the metric showing that distances grow with time. His work provided a theoretical explanation：the standard for measuring cosmic (宇宙的) distance was itself changing with time. What is delightful is that it means we can quite reasonably say that universe’s expansion is a gravitational effect. I enjoy this because it is so deeply counterintuitive to our usual understanding of gravity, which teaches us that it is a force that always draws things together. But in this case where gravity is a geometric effect, we are offered a broader range of gravitational possibilities. It is worth noting that the geometric explanation of general relativity hasn’t been universally popular. The late physicist Steven Weinberg wrote that the geometric explanation of the theory of gravitation has been reduced to a mere analogy, but is otherwise not very useful. Another challenge with the balloon analogy and our reliance on geometric explanation is to explain why gravity seems to pull things together in many situations, while universe is expanding. This difference is resolved by acknowledging that local gravitational effects due to massive objects dominate over large-scale expansion effects, leading to the formation of structures like stars, galaxies and, eventually us. In fact, the analogy where universe is only expanding and this is the only gravitational effect at play is a very idealized situation where matter was initially spread out perfectly evenly across the universe. 31. The author presents the balloon analogy in Paragraph 2 mainly to . A. introduce a topic B. draw a comparison C. confirm a theory D. evaluate a statement 32. What does the underlined word “counterintuitive” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Unchallenging. B. Contradictory. C. Satisfying. D. Relevant. 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Universe’s expansion results in the creation of structures like galaxies. B. Lemaitre’s work suggests the standard for cosmic distance is consistent. C. A uniform distribution of matter can overcome the universe’s expansion. D. The metric is key to sensing the shape of space-time in general relativity. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Studying Galaxies — Has the Balloon Analogy Been Outdated? B. Rethinking Gravity — Is it a Way to Make Sense of the Balloon Analogy? C. Arguing against the Car Analogy — Does the Balloon Analogy Win Over? D. Understanding Universe Expansion — Is the Balloon Analogy Acceptable? 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method. ___35___ The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem. ___36___ Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe. ___37___ In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilience and progress on the day’s tasks. ___38___ The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious. ___39___ Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily work outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.” A. A positive dream brings a sense of sudden insight, giving rise to awe. B. The increased awe was also proved to be associated with greater resilience. C. In fact, dreaming may help improve problem-solving skills in daily routine. D. Here too, good dreams boosted awe and resilience, fueling progress on work goals. E. Researchers acknowledge that dreams may involve content related to waking experiences. F. It finds that remembering a good dream can help people make progress in the day’s tasks. G. They then answered the question about whether they thought the dream was positive or negative. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 40. According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? _________________________________________________ 41. What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? _________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. _________________________________________________ 43. Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校即将举办以“成长”为主题的系列实践活动。请你用英文给国际部交换生Jim写一封信，邀请他一起参加。内容包括： 1. 介绍你打算参加的活动; 2. 询问对方意向。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测二 英语 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A nurse named Aly Hogarth has reunited with a mother and daughter at the same hospital ship 30 years after saving their lives. In 1993 Ms Hogarth was touring a hospital ship in Sierra Leone when she knew that a patient Catherine Conteh needed a Caesarean section (剖腹产手术), but she couldn’t ___1___ it. Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the ￡70 surgery, so that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, could be ___2___. Later, Ms Hogarth volunteered to take care of her in the hospital, ___3___ her wound and teaching her how to feed the baby. In this way Ms Hogarth formed a ___4___ with the mother and the baby, but they lost ___5___ when she returned home to New Zealand. Ms Hogarth, now 52, volunteered for charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she ___6___ Catherine and Regina at the same hospital ship. They both became nurses, inspired by Ms Hogarth, and Regina now has a child of her own. Ms Hogarth said, “To see Catherine in person again, it’s very unreal really. It’s not something I ___7___ expected until we made contact again. For me, I felt ___8___ at the moment when we met and didn’t know how to react.” “We just cried and cried,” Catherine said. “Regina and I would have died without Ms Hogarth’s pure love.” “It’s really ___9___ to see Catherine again,” Ms Hogarth shared. “I thought about her every time I told that story for the last 30 years. I know it was a significant time — realizing that you can make a real ___10___ by doing something.” 1. A. cancel B. bear C. afford D. accept 2. A. examined B. delivered C. adopted D. attended 3. A. receiving B. removing C. dressing D. discovering 4. A. habit B. tradition C. plan D. bond 5. A. touch B. control C. hope D. direction 6. A. called on B. came across C. looked after D. kept off 7. A. ever B. still C. even D. just 8. A. inspired B. disappointed C. concerned D. excited 9. A. impossible B. amazing C. challenging D. simple 10. A. effort B. commitment C. decision D. difference 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文属于记叙文，讲述了护士Aly Hogarth在30年前于医院船上救助了一位名叫Catherine Conteh的母亲，并帮助她顺利生下女儿Regina的故事。多年后，她们在同一艘医院船上重逢。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1993年，Hogarth女士在Sierra Leone参观一艘医疗船时，得知病人凯Catherine Conteh需要剖腹产，但她负担不起。A. cancel取消；B. bear忍受；C. afford负担得起；D. accept接受。根据下文的“Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the 170 surgery”可知，Catherine Conteh无法负担手术费。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hogarth女士联系了她的同事，同事们支付了 170 美元的手术费，这样凯瑟琳的女儿Regina就可以顺利降生了。A. examined检查；B. delivered接生；C. adopted采纳，收养；D. attended出席。根据上文的“a patient Catherine Conteh needed a Caesarean section (剖腹产手术)”可知，Catherine需要剖腹产，孩子需要接生。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Hogarth女士自愿在医院照顾她，帮她包扎伤口，教她如何喂养婴儿。A. receiving接收；B. removing移除；C. dressing给……包扎；D. discovering发现。根据下文的“her wound”可知，此处指为Catherine的伤口进行包扎处理。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，Hogarth女士与母亲和孩子建立了联系，但当她回到新西兰的家中时，她们失去了联系。A. habit习惯；B. tradition传统；C. plan计划；D. bond联系，纽带。根据上文的“Ms Hogarth volunteered to take care of her in the hospital, ____ her wound and teaching her how to feed the baby.”可知，上文描述了Hogarth女士照顾母女的过程，她们之间形成了情感上的联系。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，Hogarth女士与母亲和孩子建立了联系，但当她回到新西兰的家中时，她们失去了联系。A. touch联系；B. control控制；C. hope希望；D. direction方向。根据下文的“until we made contact again”可知，她们曾失去过联系。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她在同一家医院船上偶遇了Catherine和Regina。A. called on拜访；B. came across偶然遇见；C. looked after照顾；D. kept off远离。根据上文的“A nurse named Aly Hogarth has reunited with a mother and daughter at the same hospital ship 30 years after saving their lives.”及下文的“at the same hospital ship”可知，这里是说她们在同一家医院船偶遇。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是我完全没有预料到的，直到我们再次取得联系。A. ever曾经；B. still仍然；C. even甚至；D. just刚刚。根据上文的“To see Catherine in person again, it’s very unreal really.”可知，Hogarth女士对此感到非常意外，曾经从未料想过。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们见面的那一刻，我感到很激动，不知道该如何反应。A. inspired受到启发的；B. disappointed失望的；C. concerned关心的；D. excited兴奋的，激动的。根据下文的“at the moment when we met and didn’t know how to react”可知，多年后重逢应是让人感到激动的。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“再次见到Catherine真是太棒了，”Hogarth女士分享道。A. impossible不可能的；B. amazing惊人的，神奇的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. simple简单的。根据上文的“I thought about her every time I told that story for the last 30 years”可知，这种重逢的情景对Hogarth来说是惊人而美好的。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道那是一段重要的时间——意识到你可以通过做一些事情来真正产生影响。A. effort努力；B. commitment承诺；C. decision决定；D. difference差异，影响。make a difference是固定搭配，表示“有所作为，产生影响”。根据上文的“Ms Hogarth contacted her colleagues and they paid for the 170 surgery, so that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, could be ____ .”可知，Hogarth的行为改变了这对母女的命运，真正产生影响。故选D。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. ___11___ (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just ___12___ (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter ___13___ age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. 【答案】11. Having won 12. to improve 13. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一对老夫妇成为了马拉松界的明星。在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。讲述了他们的跑步经历。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。此处win在句中应用非谓语动词，且在谓语之前发生，用having done形式，首字母大写。故填Having won。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最初，这对夫妇开始跑步只是为了改善他们的健康。此处improve在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to improve。 【13题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：他们相信，无论年龄多大，拼搏到底的马拉松精神都是必不可少的。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用no matter what。故填what。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The horse-face skirt, or mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese skirt that dates back to the Song Dynasty. Traditionally it has two panels ___14___ (attach) to a single waistband, which overlap in front of the body to form a “skirt door”, like the horse-face defenses on ancient city walls. It primarily ___15___ (represent) a Chinese philosophical concept that harmonizes strength and gentleness. The skirt has gone beyond time and space to become a fashion item today. It ___16___ (prefer) by fans of traditional clothing, who have continued to develop it. 【答案】14. attached 15. represents 16. is preferred 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马面裙的历史以及受欢迎的情况。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，它有两个嵌板连接在一条腰带上，它们在身体前面重叠形成一个“裙门”，就像古代城墙上的马面防御一样。此处attach与panels构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填attached。 【15题详解】 考查时态。句意：它主要代表了一种中国哲学观念，即和谐的力量和温柔。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用三单形式。故填represents。 【16题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：它受到传统服装爱好者的青睐，他们一直在继续发展它。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，根据语境可知陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is preferred。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during ___17___(stress) periods of life. A bit of optimism makes you become better and emotionally ___18___(healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things ___19___(happen). But being optimistic doesn’t mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s not. It is a particular state of mind ___20___ you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 【答案】17. stressful 18. healthier 19. will happen 20. where 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。但乐观并不意味着你要否认一切，假装一切都很好，但事实并非如此。这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不让消极情绪进入你的生活是很难的，尤其是在生活压力很大的时候。修饰名词periods应用形容词stressful。故填stressful。 【18题详解】 考查比较级。句意：从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。根据上文“become better”可知为比较关系，应用比较级。故填healthier。 【19题详解】 考查时态。句意：一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。此处从句表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will happen。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。定语从句修饰先行词state of mind，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Do you want to boost your ATAR, a rank which indicates the overall achievements of all Year 12 students in Australia, and get a preview of university life? When you join the Deakin Accelerate Program, you’ll get a head start by completing two first-year university units while you’re still a high school student. How Deakin Accelerate Program works You’ll study two first-year university units through the program. If you choose to study and experience university life on campus, you’ll attend classes and conferences during the day. Or if studying online is more accessible for you, complete the program online in your free time at school or after hours when it suits you. No matter how you choose to study, you’ll benefit from our online learning platform, which allows you to access classes, workshops, resources and more. Whether you’ re using your desktop, tablet or mobile, you’ll have access to course content all year round and get answers in real time. After successfully completing your Accelerate units, you’ll gain credits which you’ can put towards a related Deakin university course. Plus, there is no charge for that. Apply to the Deakin Accelerate Program if you’re: ·a high achiever with above-average Year 11 results; ·looking for an extra challenge in high school; ·a self-starter who can work independently; ·keen to make a head start on your university degree. To be qualified for the program, you must: ·be completing Year 12 in 2024; ·meet the high school subject requirement; ·attain a minimum average grade of 65% across your subjects. For more information about the Deakin Accelerate Program, you can read our FAQs or get in touch using our online inquiry form. Submit an inquiry 21. What benefit do participants gain from the Deakin Accelerate Program? A. Receiving a preview of their ATAR. B. Experiencing different learning styles. C. Completing two years’ university units. D. Earning credits towards university courses. 22. What is available for participants on the online learning platform? A. Real-time response. B. Guidance on using devices. C. High school course content. D. An online learning schedule. 23. Which is a requirement for the applicants? A. Submitting an inquiry form. B Graduating from university in 2024. C. Having started to study for a university degree. D. Achieving an average score of at least 65% in all subjects. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为Deakin Accelerate Program的项目的情况，包括申请要求和项目工作流程等情况。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“After successfully completing your Accelerate units, you’ll gain credits which you’ can put towards a related Deakin university course.(在成功完成加速单元后，你将获得学分，这些学分可以用于迪肯大学的相关课程)”可知，参与者可以从迪肯加速项目中获得大学课程学分。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Whether you’ re using your desktop, tablet or mobile, you’ll have access to course content all year round and get answers in real time.(无论您是使用台式机、平板电脑还是移动设备，您都可以全年访问课程内容，并实时获得答案)”可知，在线学习平台参与者可以获得实时答复。故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“·attain a minimum average grade of 65% across your subjects.(·各科平均成绩至少达到65%)”可知，对申请人的要求是各科平均成绩至少达到65%。故选D。 B When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice. I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over. When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes. By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared. This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube. 24. How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author? A. She lived with a sense of guilt. B. She realized the importance of first aid. C. She developed a fear of witnessing similar events. D. She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect. 25. What did the author do to help the woman on the tube? A. She relieved the woman’s coughing. B. She walked the woman up to the lift. C. She found a “medically competent” person for her. D. She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back. 26. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect? A. You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag. B. You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman. C. You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road. D. You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. A good turn deserves another. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. Action speaks louder than inaction. 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在地铁上帮助了一个被噎住的女性，虽然没帮上大忙，但是对方还是感谢了作者，让作者认识到行动胜于无为。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again.(我九岁的时候，我最好的朋友差点被一种叫gobstopper的硬糖噎死。几次尝试后，她咳出了糖果。从那以后，我再也没有吃过gobstopper，我一直害怕再次看到那一幕)”可知，朋友的窒息事件让作者对目睹类似的事件产生了恐惧。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“I started hitting her back and screaming for help.(我开始拍打她的背部，大声呼救)”以及“Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose.(谢天谢地，就像我的朋友一样，在几次猛烈的拍打之后，卡在她喉咙里的东西松动了)”可知，作者通过拍打女人的背部来进行急救，来帮助地铁上的女人。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction.(这段经历也教会了我“旁观者效应”，即人们认为别人在紧急情况下可以提供帮助，而别人的直接帮助远不太可能提供帮助，从而导致不作为)”可知，C选项“当你在路上看到一位受伤的女士时，你避免了介入”属于旁观者效应。故选C。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back—I may not have actually saved her life—but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.(如果没有我匆忙拍她的背，她可能也会没事——我可能并没有真正救了她的命——但至少她知道有个人，一个她再也见不到的陌生人关心她)”以及最后一段“Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved.(不过，有时候，不管谁在附近，参与进来可能会很有用)”可知，故事告诉我们行动胜于无为。故选D。 C Science begins with mystery. Arguably, the two greatest mysteries are the universe and awareness-the vast world out there and the powerful world within. Scientists attracted by one can be called to study the other, led by the thought that these mysteries are connected. Science writer George Musser’s book Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation (方程) reviews their progress: Can physics unlock the mystery of awareness? Does awareness form the basis of fundamental physics? The result is an ambitious but ultimately disappointing tour, filled with breathless encounters with well-known scientists. Representative of the cast is MIT’s Max Tegmark, who tells Musser, “If you look at the problems that were still difficult to answer in fundamental physics, pretty much all of them trace back to awareness.” The book shows how physicists are contributing to understanding the mind, continuing a long history of physicists exploring other fields. Musser integrates physics with neuroscience, economies, mathematics and more. Yet a key source of local knowledge is obviously absent — psychology. An early example: Musser rightly applauds physicists’ contributions to artificial neural networks but is overly trustful of their implications, declaring that “ChatGPT” is already starting to demonstrate a generalized intelligence like that of humans. Interviewing more psychologists could have exposed the considerable gap remaining. What about awareness itself? Why are some states associated with felt experience, such as the pain of a headache and the sight of a sunset, but others not? Musser’s focus is integrated information theory(IIT). IIT begins with five self-evident principles of awareness: awareness exists, and it is structured, specific, unified, and definite. It then concludes assumptions concerning the causal structure of awareness systems, identifying awareness with integrated information. Finally, IIT offers a mathematical measure of this quantity: an equation for awareness. However, despite its enthusiasts, IIT has significant problems. Its working basis is unfounded, and serious doubts surround its testability and definability. Of course, a theory of awareness must detail when, why, and to what degree we are aware of ourselves. Here, psychology’s absence is most obvious. Over the last century, psychological research has revealed countless phenomena of awareness, from models that alter awareness to methods that stimulate unawareness; from extraordinary disorders of awareness to careful studies of metacognition (元认知). Although questionable, such phenomena are the data that any scientific theory of awareness must account for. Yet these phenomena and ideas are almost nowhere in the book. Of course, psychology has not solved awareness, but one cannot hope to explain awareness without confronting these data. Awareness is genuinely mysterious. So is fundamental physics. But hoping that physics can solve awareness while excluding other approaches is only a recipe for more mystery not less. 28. What can we learn from Musser’s book? A. IIT is acknowledged for its testability and definability. B. Musser underestimates the impact of artificial intelligence. C. Using psychology is a trend for physicists exploring other fields. D. Musser highlights physicists’ efforts to uncover the secret of awareness. 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The link between physics and awareness has been established. B. There is no doubt about the principles of an equation for awareness. C. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to understanding awareness. D. Study of awareness needs to ignore related psychological phenomena. 30. Regarding Musser’s view in his book, the author is . A. neutral B. disapproving C. supportive D. uncertain 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文本主要介绍了科学作家George Musser的书籍《Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation》及其探讨的主题——物理学与意识之谜的关系。文中提到了物理学家对意识研究的贡献，以及Musser在书中如何整合了物理学、神经科学、经济学、数学等多个领域的知识来探讨这个问题。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Science writer George Musser’s book Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation (方程) reviews their progress: Can physics unlock the mystery of awareness? Does awareness form the basis of fundamental physics? (科学作家George Musser的书《Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation》回顾了他们的进展：物理学能解开意识之谜吗？意识构成了基础物理学的基础吗？)”和第三段中的“The book shows how physicists are contributing to understanding the mind, continuing a long history of physicists exploring other fields. (这本书展示了物理学家如何为理解心灵做出贡献，延续了物理学家探索其他领域的悠久历史。)”可知，Musser的书《Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation》探讨了物理学是否能解开意识的谜团，以及意识是否构成了基础物理的基础，这本书展示了物理学家如何为理解心灵做出贡献，物理学家在揭开意识之谜方面的努力。故选D项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Musser integrates physics with neuroscience, economies, mathematics and more. Yet a key source of local knowledge is obviously absent—psychology. An early example: Musser rightly applauds physicists’ contributions to artificial neural networks but is overly trustful of their implications, declaring that “ChatGPT” is already starting to demonstrate a generalized intelligence like that of humans. Interviewing more psychologists could have exposed the considerable gap remaining. (Musser将物理学与神经科学、经济学、数学等相结合。然而，当地知识的一个关键来源显然是缺失的——心理学。)”可知，虽然Musser的书尝试将物理学与神经科学、经济学、数学等多领域结合来探讨意识，但明显缺少心理学这一关键领域的参与。这暗示了理解意识需要一个多学科的方法。故选C项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“Awareness is genuinely mysterious. So is fundamental physics. But hoping that physics can solve awareness while excluding other approaches is only a recipe for more mystery, not less. (意识是真正神秘的。基础物理学也是如此。但是，希望物理学能够在排除其他方法的情况下解决意识问题，只会带来更多的谜团，而不是更少。)”可知，作者尽管肯定了其探索意识秘密的雄心和物理学家跨领域研究的努力，但同时也指出了其问题：强调用物理学来解决意识之谜的方法，而忽视了其他学科，特别是心理学的贡献和见解是不可行的。因此，作者对于Musser在书中的观点持不赞同的态度。故选B项。 D It is perhaps easy to accept the statement that the universe is expanding. It is just some strange physics indicating that, as time goes on, galaxies (星系) get further away from each other just like two cars racing away from each other. I personally don’t like it and prefer the balloon analogy. In this situation, there are dots all over a balloon. When we blow it up in real life, the dots would increase in size. In this analogy, let’s assume they don’t. What we are interested in is how the distance between the dots on the surface of the balloon grows as we put more air into it. The balloon analogy relies somewhat on our geometric sensibilities which refer to our sense of shapes and how they change over time. At its core, what we are trying to develop a sense for is how we measure distances. This concept is also the fundamental goal of general relativity, Einstein’s theory of gravity. In general relativity, the most important piece of information is what we call the metric, an equation that describes how distances are measured, and therefore also tells us about the shape space-time is taking. The whole idea that space-time is expanding was first noticed as a mathematical consequence of general relativity by Georges Lemaitre in 1927, when he solved Einstein’s equation and found a solution for the metric showing that distances grow with time. His work provided a theoretical explanation：the standard for measuring cosmic (宇宙的) distance was itself changing with time. What is delightful is that it means we can quite reasonably say that universe’s expansion is a gravitational effect. I enjoy this because it is so deeply counterintuitive to our usual understanding of gravity, which teaches us that it is a force that always draws things together. But in this case where gravity is a geometric effect, we are offered a broader range of gravitational possibilities. It is worth noting that the geometric explanation of general relativity hasn’t been universally popular. The late physicist Steven Weinberg wrote that the geometric explanation of the theory of gravitation has been reduced to a mere analogy, but is otherwise not very useful. Another challenge with the balloon analogy and our reliance on geometric explanation is to explain why gravity seems to pull things together in many situations, while universe is expanding. This difference is resolved by acknowledging that local gravitational effects due to massive objects dominate over large-scale expansion effects, leading to the formation of structures like stars, galaxies and, eventually us. In fact, the analogy where universe is only expanding and this is the only gravitational effect at play is a very idealized situation where matter was initially spread out perfectly evenly across the universe. 31. The author presents the balloon analogy in Paragraph 2 mainly to . A. introduce a topic B. draw a comparison C. confirm a theory D. evaluate a statement 32. What does the underlined word “counterintuitive” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Unchallenging. B. Contradictory. C. Satisfying. D. Relevant. 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Universe’s expansion results in the creation of structures like galaxies. B. Lemaitre’s work suggests the standard for cosmic distance is consistent. C. A uniform distribution of matter can overcome the universe’s expansion. D. The metric is key to sensing the shape of space-time in general relativity. 34. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Studying Galaxies — Has the Balloon Analogy Been Outdated? B. Rethinking Gravity — Is it a Way to Make Sense of the Balloon Analogy? C. Arguing against the Car Analogy — Does the Balloon Analogy Win Over? D Understanding Universe Expansion — Is the Balloon Analogy Acceptable? 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过汽车远离的比喻和气球膨胀的类比来引入宇宙膨胀的概念，继而讨论了它如何通过广义相对论的几何解释来被理解，以及这种解释带来的有趣观点和挑战。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“In this situation, there are dots all over a balloon. When we blow it up in real life, the dots would increase in size. In this analogy, let’s assume they don’t. What we are interested in is how the distance between the dots on the surface of the balloon grows as we put more air into it.(在这种情况下，气球上到处都是点。当我们在现实生活中把它放大时，这些点会变大。在这个类比中，让我们假设他们没有。我们感兴趣的是，当我们向气球中注入更多空气时，气球表面上点之间的距离是如何变大的。)”可知，作者在第二段中提出气球比喻主要是为了引入一个话题。故选A。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“What is delightful is that it means we can quite reasonably say that universe’s expansion is a gravitational effect(令人高兴的是，这意味着我们可以相当合理地说，宇宙的膨胀是一种引力效应)”和“our usual understanding of gravity, which teaches us that it is a force that always draws things together(我们通常对重力的理解，告诉我们它是一种总是把物体拉到一起的力)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“我喜欢这一点，因为它与我们通常对引力的理解截然相反，我们通常认为引力是一种总是把物体拉到一起的力量”，划线词counterintuitive的意思是“相反的”，和contradictory意思相近，故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“In general relativity, the most important piece of information is what we call the metric, an equation that describes how distances are measured, and therefore also tells us about the shape space-time is taking.(在广义相对论中，最重要的信息是我们所说的度规，一个描述如何测量距离的方程，因此也告诉我们时空的形状。)”可知，在广义相对论中，度规是感知时空形状的关键。故选D。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“It is perhaps easy to accept the statement that the universe is expanding. It is just some strange physics indicating that, as time goes on, galaxies (星系) get further away from each other just like two cars racing away from each other.(宇宙正在膨胀这一说法也许比较容易接受。这只是一些奇怪的物理现象表明，随着时间的推移，星系之间的距离越来越远，就像两辆汽车在相互远离一样。)”和第二段“I personally don’t like it and prefer the balloon analogy. In this situation, there are dots all over a balloon. When we blow it up in real life, the dots would increase in size. In this analogy, let’s assume they don’t. What we are interested in is how the distance between the dots on the surface of the balloon grows as we put more air into it.(我个人不喜欢它，我更喜欢气球的比喻。在这种情况下，气球上到处都是点。当我们在现实生活中把它放大时，这些点会变大。在这个类比中，让我们假设他们没有。我们感兴趣的是，当我们向气球中注入更多空气时，气球表面上点之间的距离是如何变大的。)”可知，本文主要通过汽车远离的比喻和气球膨胀的类比来引入宇宙膨胀的概念，继而讨论了它如何通过广义相对论的几何解释来被理解，以及这种解释带来的有趣观点和挑战，因此最好的题目是D选项“Understanding Universe Expansion— Is the Balloon Analogy Acceptable?(理解宇宙膨胀——气球的类比可以接受吗？)”。故选D。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method. ___35___ The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem. ___36___ Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe. ___37___ In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilience and progress on the day’s tasks. ___38___ The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious. ___39___ Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily work outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.” A. A positive dream brings a sense of sudden insight, giving rise to awe. B. The increased awe was also proved to be associated with greater resilience. C. In fact, dreaming may help improve problem-solving skills in daily routine. D. Here, too, good dreams boosted awe and resilience, fueling progress on work goals. E. Researchers acknowledge that dreams may involve content related to waking experiences. F. It finds that remembering a good dream can help people make progress in the day’s tasks. G. They then answered the question about whether they thought the dream was positive or negative. 【答案】35. F 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，记住一个好梦可以帮助人们在一天的工作中取得进展，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method.(关于睡眠和员工行为的研究通常集中在睡眠期间身体内发生的各种活动，以及它们对白天认知的影响。新的研究采用了不同的方法)”可知，本句为过渡句，呈上说明新的研究的不同之处，同时启示后文研究的具体发现。故F选项“研究发现，记住一个好梦可以帮助人们在一天的工作中取得进展”符合语境，故选F。 【36题详解】 根据上文“The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem.(研究人员进行了三项研究，涉及数千名员工回忆的梦境。第一项研究要求参与者在醒来时对梦境带来的敬畏和惊奇程度进行评分，并写下他们最大的工作问题)”可知，上文提到要求写下最大的工作问题，以及对梦境进行评分，可推测本句继续说明研究的进展，G选项中They 指代上文employees。故G选项“然后他们回答了关于他们认为这个梦是积极的还是消极的问题”符合语境，故选G。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe.(他们回答的另一个问题是，他们是否设想从困难的工作环境中产生任何好处——这是一种衡量韧性的方法，它意味着在经历磨难后再次变得强大和快乐的能力。那些在梦中发现积极意义的人报告了更高程度的敬畏)”可知，上文提到“在梦中发现积极意义的人报告了更高程度的敬畏”，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明增强的敬畏感的作用。故B选项“增强的敬畏感也被证明与更强的适应力有关”符合语境，故选B。 【38题详解】 根据上文“In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilience and progress on the day’s tasks.(在第二项研究中，回忆梦境的参与者同样报告了梦境的积极或消极意义，然后写下对梦境的描述，以及他们认为梦境的原因和意义。下班后，他们回答了关于他们的适应能力和完成一天任务的进度的问题)”以及后文“The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious.(第三项研究对每天参与的员工进行了为期两周的跟踪调查，观察每个人天生的好奇心有多强。研究发现，敬畏也有类似的结果，并表明，在天生好奇的人身上，敬畏更能提高适应力和生产力)”可知，上文提到回答关于适应能力和完成一天任务的进度的问题，且后文提到了第三项研究有相似的结果，指出在天生好奇的人身上，敬畏更能提高适应力和生产力，推测本句与做梦与增强个人能力相关，故D选项“在这里，好梦也能增强敬畏和韧性，促进工作目标的实现”符合语境，故选D。 【39题详解】 根据后文“Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily work outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.”(敬畏可以帮助人们更有效地应对挑战，朝着目标前进。研究人员写道:“我们的研究揭示了敬畏是如何在对日常工作结果产生关键影响的时候产生的。员工可以用梦境日记和简单的练习来‘引导’他们的夜间梦境，从而增加他们做有意义的、令人敬畏的梦的几率。”)”可知，后文解释了敬畏的作用，以及建议练习梦境，本句为本段首句，主要引出产生敬畏的来源是积极的梦境。故A选项“一个积极的梦带来一种突然的洞察力，产生敬畏”符合语境，故选A。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 40. According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? _________________________________________________ 41. What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? _________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. _________________________________________________ 43. Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 41. It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 42. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 43. 1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述庆祝别人的胜利会给自己带来好处，这种行为也被称为“freudenfreude”。文章解释了freudenfreude的好处以及影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us.(这就是科学家们所说的“freudenfreude”，意思是在别人的成功中找到快乐，即使这与我们没有直接关系)”可知，Freudenfreude是指从别人的成功中寻找快乐，即使这并不直接涉及到我们自己。故答案为Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict.(2021年的一项研究调查了freudenfreude在日常生活中的作用，发现它可以提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作)”可知，Freudenfreude能提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作。故答案为It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy.(此外，心理健康也会影响你参与他人快乐的能力)”可知，错误部分为“physical health”，心理健康会影响你参与他人快乐的能力。故答案为Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“除了文章中提到的乔治的经历，请描述一个你的freudenfreude的经历”可回答：1)去年，在接力赛中，我的队伍被我朋友的队伍打败了，一开始我有点嫉妒。然而，看到他脸上兴奋的表情，我也和他一起庆祝。当我们一起庆祝时，我们意识到分享快乐的力量。 2)当我的朋友被她梦寐以求的学校录取时，我感到freudenfreude。虽然我还在为期末考试而挣扎，不知道我的未来会怎样，但我还是对她的成功表示了诚挚的祝贺。这加强了我们之间的联系，促进了相互支持和鼓励。 故答案为1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 第二节(20分) 44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校即将举办以“成长”为主题的系列实践活动。请你用英文给国际部交换生Jim写一封信，邀请他一起参加。内容包括： 1. 介绍你打算参加的活动; 2. 询问对方意向。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version: Dear Jim, How are you doing? Our school will hold a series of activities with the theme of growth, so I am writing to invite you to join me. Of all the activities, I prefer to participate in the tree planting to experience the sourness and sweetness of growth. Those who sign up for it will work together to plant a tree, digging a hole, building soil berms and watering the sapling. The growth of a tree requires patience and persistence, so do we. When the tree flourishes, we’ll become responsible adults, making contributions to the society. Are you interested in it? I believe it’ll be an unforgettable experience. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文给国际部交换生Jim写一封信，邀请他一起参加以“成长”为主题的系列实践活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举行：hold→host 参加：participate in→take part in 繁茂：flourishes→thrive 难忘的：unforgettable→memorable 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Our school will hold a series of activities with the theme of growth, so I am writing to invite you to join me. 拓展句：Since our school will hold a series of activities with the theme of growth, I am writing to invite you to join me. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Those who sign up for it will work together to plant a tree, digging a hole, building soil berms and watering the sapling. (运用了who引导定语从句) [高分句型2] When the tree flourishes, we’ll become responsible adults, making contributions to the society. (运用了when引导时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $