中职英语二轮专项复习 专题十 非谓语动词

中职英语二轮专项复习 专题十 非谓语动词 考纲解读及考情分析 1.掌握动词不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用法；动词的-ing形式作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语的用法；动词的-ed形式作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法。 2.理解动词不定式作表语的用法；动词的-ing形式作状语的用法；动词的-ed形式作状语的用法。 真题 回顾 考点 近五年真题考查及分值 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 动词不定式 1 道短文填空题(1分) 2道单选题 (2分) 1 道单选题 (1分) 1道单选题 (1分) 1道单选题 (1分)、1道短文填空题(1分) 动词的-ing形式 1 道单选题(1分) 1 道单选题(1分) 1道单选题(1分)、1道短文填空题(1分) 1 道短文填空题(1分) 1道短文填空题(1分) 动词的-ed形式 1道单选题 (1分) 命题趋势 趋向于在一定的语境中考查动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式作不同句子成分的用法 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 真题再现 1.【2018·职教高考】—Who is the man by the window? —He is our English teacher. ( ) A. sits B. sat C. sitting D. is sitting 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词的-ing形式。句意：——坐在窗边的那个人是谁?——他是我们的英语老师。空格处作定语，动词的-ing形式作后置定语，表主动和正在进行。 2. 【2018·职教高考】 As a volunteer, she chose to teach some elderly people to (sing) and dance. 【答案】sing 【解析】考查动词不定式。teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填sing。 3. 【2019·职教高考】It's necessary for people some knowledge of first aid. ( ) A. knows B. know C. to know D. knowing 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。在本题中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，置于句末。 4. 【2019·职教高考】—Would you like some coffee? ——No, thank you. I don't feel like anything now. ( ) A. to have; to drink B. having; drinking C. to have; drinking D. having; to drink 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式和动词的-ing形式。would like to do sth.相当于 feel like doing sth., 意为“想要⋯⋯⋯”，动词不定式和动词的-ing 形式都作宾语。 5. 【2020·职教高考】It's best to avoid out in the strong midd ay sun.( ) A. go B. going C. gone D. to go 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词的-ing形式。avoid doingsth.意为“避免做某事”，后跟动词的-ing 形式作宾语。 6. 【2020·职教高考】 my dream of being a chef, Ihave been working in the restaurant.( ) A. Realize B. Realizing C. Realized D. To realize 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了实现我当厨师的梦想，我一直在餐厅工作。在本题中，动词不定式作目的状语。 7. 【2020·职教高考】Most Chinese people are used to (pay) for almost everything with their smartphones. 【答案】paying 【解析】考查动词的-ing 形式。be used todoingsth.意为“习惯于做某事”，动词的 -ing形式作宾语。 8. 【2021·职教高考】 the GreatWall is Mr. Smith's dream of this year. A. To visit B. Visit C. Visited D. Visits 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：参观长城是史密斯先生今年的梦想。动词不定式在句子中作主语。 9.【2021·职教高考】I will go to the hospital to have my eyes tomorrow.( ) A. check B. to check C. checked D. checking 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词的-ed形式。have sth. done意为“让⋯⋯被做”，动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语。 10. 【2021·职教高考】If we keep on (waste) paper,the forests may disappear in the future. 【答案】wasting 【解析】考查动词的-ing形式。句意：如果我们继续浪费纸张, 森林将来可能会消失。keep ondoingsth.意为“继续做某事”。故填 wasting。 11. 【2022·职教高考】We believe all countries can work together a community with a shared future for mankind. ( ) A. build B. builds C. built D. to build 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们认为，各国可以携手努力共同构建人类命运共同体。在本题中，动词不定式作目的状语。 12. 【2022·职教高考】I did not want to keep (ask)my parents for money. 【答案】asking 【解析】考查动词的-ing形式。keep doingsth.表示“继续做某件事，重复做某事”，指前面做过的事情或者刚刚在做的事情。故填asking。 13.【2022·职教高考】As I never had a job before,Idecided to (start) with a parttime job. 【答案】start 【解析】考查动词不定式。decide to do sth.意为“决定去做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填start。 知识讲解 非谓语动词又叫非限定动词，是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，它们有动词的其他特点，可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语等成分。 考点一 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成 动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 动词不定式的形式：to+do 否定式: not+to do 以do为例，动词不定式不同的形式如下表所示： 一般式 to do 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done (1)一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。如： It's nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划去参观。 (2)进行式 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。如： The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 He seems to be reading in his room. 他似乎正在房间里读书。 (3)完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如： I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。 He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。 2.不定式的句法功能 (1)作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 10分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句末， 上面两个例句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 10分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 it作形式主语的常用句式有： ①It+be+名词+to do ②It takes sb.+ some time + to do ③It+be +形容词+of sb.+to do 该句式常用careless, clever, good, foolish,honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等表示赞扬或批评的形容词。 ④It+be+形容词+ for sb.+to do 该句式常用 possible, impossible, easy,hard, difficult, necessary等表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词。 (2)作表语 Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 (3)作宾语 常以不定式作宾语的动词有 want, hope,wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, help,agree, promise, prefer等。如果不定式(宾语) 后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面。如： Mar x found it important to study the situation inRussia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里，别无选择。 动词不定式有时可与疑问词一起构成宾语，如: He showed me which button to press. 他教我按哪个按钮。 (4)作宾语补足语 在复合宾语中，常以不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit,help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force,call on, wait for, invite等。 有些动词, 如 make, let, see, watch, hear,feel，have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to。如： I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横穿过公路。 (5)作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，与所修饰名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如： I have a meeting to attend. 我有一场会议要出席。 【注意】不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如: He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个好房子居住。 The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。 (6)作状语 ①表目的。 He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。 【注意】不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： To save money, every means has been tried.(×) To save money, he has tried every means.() 为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。 To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.(×) To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.(✔) 为了学好英语，他需要一本词典。 ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果，表示意料之外)。 He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见火车已经走了。 I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，结果发现他出去了。 ③表原因。 They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。 ④表程度。 It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。 The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题对他而言是很容易回答的。 考点二 动名词 1.动名词的构成 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 动名词的形式: v. -ing 否定式: not+ 动名词 2.动名词的句法功能 (1)作主语 Reading aloud is very helpful. 大声朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语，如: It is no use quarrelling. 争吵是没用的。 (2)作表语 In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 (3)作宾语 They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 【注意】动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it。如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 以下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy，finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep,miss, consider, admit, deny, mind, permit, forbid,practice, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, can’ t stand, can’ t help, think of, dream of, be fond of,prevent. .. (from), keep... (from), stop... (from), protect. .. from, set about, be engaged in,to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like 等。 (4)作定语 He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗? (5)作同位语 His habit, listening to the news on the radio, remains unchanged. 他在收音机上收听新闻的习惯仍未改变。 考点三 现在分词 1.现在分词的构成 一般形式: v.-ing 否定式：not+现在分词 (1)现在分词的主动语态 现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。如： They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 Having done his homework, he played basketball. 做完作业，他打了篮球。 (2)现在分词的被动语态 一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作；完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 如： The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的男孩又犯了同一个错误。 2.现在分词的句法功能 (1)作定语 现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；当分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词后。现在分词的逻辑主语为被修饰词，有时现在分词作定语可转换成定语从句。如： In the following year she worked even harder. 在接下来的一年中，她工作更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’ s father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如: in the following year 也可用 in the year that followed the man speaking to the teacher 可改为 the man who is speaking to the teacher (2)作表语 The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家影院上映的电影很激动人心。 The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可以表示现在进行时，也可以是现在分词作表语。它们的区别在于 be +doing表示正在进行的动作，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 (3)作宾语补足语 常用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有see，watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice,observe, leave, catch等。如: Can you hear her singing a song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗? He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 (4)作状语 ①作时间状语 (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工作者。 ②作原因状语 Being a Communist Youth League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。 ③作方式状语，表示伴随 He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他待在家里，又擦又洗。 ④作条件状语 (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。 ⑤作结果状语 He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子摔掉了，摔得粉碎。 ⑥作目的状语 I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to be heard. 我看见她在他耳边嘀咕着什么，显然不想被听见。 ⑦作让步状语 Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。 ⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格 I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等公交车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, we’ ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另外两个练习。 此外,有时也可用 with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+现在分词形式，如： With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 ⑨作独立主格 Judging from / by his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来， 女孩子更细心。 考点四 过去分词 1.过去分词的构成 过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。 不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求。 2.过去分词的句法功能 (1)作定语 Our class went on an organized trip lastMonday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。 【注意】如果过去分词是单词，一般用于名词前；如果是过去分词短语，则放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 (2)作表语 The window is broken. 窗户破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 【注意】be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。两者区别如下: The window is broken. (系表) The window was broken by the boy.(被动) 有些过去分词是由不及物动词构成的，如：gone，come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等,不表示被动, 只表示完成。如: boiled water (开水),fallen leaves(落叶), newly arrived goods (新到的货), therisen sun(升起的太阳) , the changed world (变了的世界)。 (3)作宾语补足语 I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语，如： With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩了。 (4)作状语 Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. 受到了邻居们的表扬，他成为了父母的骄傲。(表示原因) Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。 (表示时间) Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果给我更多的时间，我能做得更好。 (表示条件) Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个男孩。 (表示让步) Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 又是憧憬又是害怕，他走进了那个山洞。(表示伴随) 跟踪训练 1. It’ s necessary for us_____ English well. ( ) A. to learn B. learning C. learn D. learns 2. We advise parents_____ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. ( ) A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave 3. Mount Qianfo is not far away from here, but it will still take us a few hours ___ there by bike. ( ) A. getting B. to get C. got D. get 4. It was raining. My father asked me a _____raincoat. ( ) A. take B. takes C. took D. to take 5.—I didn’t hear you come in just now. —That's good. I tried_____ the baby up.( ) A. to wake B. not to wake C. waking D. not wake 6. Young people are encouraged to work hard _____ their own dreams. ( ) A. realize B. realizes C. to realize D. realized 7. The policeman warned the man_____ after drinking. ( ) A. not to drive B. to drive C. driving D. not drive 8. It is wise _____Linda_____ to make up her mind to play an instrument. ( ) A. for; learning B. for; to learn C. of; learning D. of; to learn 9. As we all know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and_____ them. ( ) A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 10. To live a low-carbon life, we must remember _____ the lights when we leave the room.( ) A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off D. not turning off 11. Our English teacher wants us _____English stories out of class. ( ) A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 12. The workers were made _____from morning to night in the past. ( ) A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 13. My brother is a humorous young man. He often tells jokes to make us____ . ( ) A. laughing B. laugh C. to laugh D. laughed 14.— What should I do, doctor? —_____healthy, you should do more exercise. ( ) A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Having kept 15. I'm looking forward to_____ from you.( ) A. hear B. hearing C. heard D. hears 专题十 非谓语动词答案详解 跟踪训练 1.A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：对我们来讲，学好英语是必要的。此处考查 It²s+adj.+forsb.+to do sth.(对某人来说，做某事怎么样)句型，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故选 A。 2.B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了使孩子远离危险，我们建议父母不要单独把孩子留在家里。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事” , 动词不定式的否定形式是在to前面加not, 即 advise sb. notto dosth.建议某人不要做某事。故选 B。 3.B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：千佛山离这儿不远，但是骑车到那儿还是要花我们几个小时。 “做某事花某人多长时间” 的结构是：It takessb. some time to do sth., 前用it作形式主语, 后用带to的不定式作真正的主语。故选B。 4.D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：天正在下雨。我父亲要我带上雨衣。根据关键词askedme, 再结合选项可判断出,此处考查的是ask sb. todo sth.的用法。故选 D。 5.B【解析】考查动词不定式。 句意：——刚才我没有听见你进来。——还不错。我尽量不吵醒婴儿。try to do sth.“尽力做某事” 否定形式在 to 前面加not。故选B。 6.C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：人们鼓励年轻人努力工作， 实现自己的梦想。根据句意可知their own dreams 是 work hard的目的, 常用动词不定式来表示目的。故选C。 7.A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：警察警告那个男人不要酒后驾驶。warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。故选A。 8.D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：琳达下决心学弹乐器是明智的。由句子结构可知，不定式作真正的主语，放在句末，用it作形式主语。要用固定句型: It's+adj.+ for/of sb. to do sth.。前面的形容词描述不定式时，要用介词for；形容词说明人时，要用介词of。这里的形容词wise是形容人的性格特征的, 要用It's + adj.+ of sb. to do sth.。故选D。 9. D【解析】考查动词的-ing形式。句意: 正如我们所知，一个人通过犯错误和纠正错误能学会很多东西。and是表并列的连词，前后动词用法应该一致，根据making 可知此处用动词的-ing形式，因此用correcting。注意介词后接动词的-ing形式。故选D。 10.A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember(not) to do sth.记得(不) 要做某事;remember doing sth.记得已经做过某事。根据句末 when we leavetheroom 可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式。故选A。 11.C【解析】考查动词不定式。 句意： 我们的英语老师想让我们在课外读英语故事。want sb. todosth.想要某人做某事。故选C。 12.B【解析】考查动词不定式。 句意： 在过去工人们被迫从早晨工作到晚上。make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事” , 其被动语态形式为 sb. be made todosth.。故选 B。 13.B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我哥哥是一个幽默的年轻人。他经常讲笑话让我们笑。makesb. do sth. “使某人做某事” , make后加省略to的动词不定式。故选B。 14. C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：——医生，我该怎么做?——要保持健康，你应该多锻炼。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，表示目的。故选C。 15. B【解析】考查动词的-ing形式。句意: 我期待着收到你的来信。look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，其中的to是介词，所以后跟动词的-ing形式。故选B。 $$