内容正文:
Book3 Unit3 单元知识点总结
· 重点词汇词性转换
1. diverse adj.不同的;多种多样的 →diversity n.差异(性);不同(点);多样性
2. fortune n.机会;运气 →fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的 →fortunately adv.幸好;幸运地
3. admit vi.& vt.承认;准许进入(或加入) →admission n.入场费;准许进入;承认
4. definitely adv.肯定;确实 →definite adj.肯定的
5. historical adj.(有关)历史的 →history n.历史
6. poisonous adj.引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的→poison n.毒物;毒药;毒素vt.毒死;毒害
7. collection n.作品集;收集物;收藏品→collect vt.收集;搜集;采集
8. settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)→settlement n.解决;结算;处理
9. construction n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构 →construct vt.建造;创建
· 重点短语
1. head to(朝……)前进;(向……)去
2. seek one's fortune寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
3. apart from除了……外(还);此外
4. bring about导致;引起
5. fortune cookie 幸运曲奇
6. earn a living 谋生
7. series of 一系列或一连串(事件)
8. to name but a few仅举几例
9. (at) first hand 第一手;亲自
· 重点词汇用法
1. diverse adj.多种多样的;不同的 diversity n.差异(性);不同(点);多样性
(1) be diverse from 不同于
(2) a (great/wide/rich) diversity of 多种多样的
2. fortune n.机会;运气 fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的 unfortunate adj.不幸的;令人遗憾的 fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunately adv.不幸地;遗憾地
(1) seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路;闯世界
(2) make a fortune 发财
(3) try one's fortune 碰运气
3. admit vt.& vi.承认vt.准许进入(或加入) admission n.进入;入场费;承认
(1) be admitted as... 作为……被接受
(2) be admitted into...被……录取
(3) admit (to) doing sth 承认做某事
(4) admit that 承认……
4. occur vi.(occurred, occurred)发生;出现 occurrence n.发生;出现
(1) it occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想到做某事
(2) sth occurs to sb=sth strikes sb=it hits/strikes sb that...某人突然想起某事
(3) it happens that...偶然发生了某事
名师点拨:表达“发生”之意时,occur与happen可以互换;另外occur、happen、take place、break out、come about等表示“发生”时都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。
5. seek vt.& vi.(sought, sought)寻找;寻求;争取;(向某人)请求 seeker n.寻求者
(1) seek (for/after) sb/sth 寻找某人/某物
(2) seek to do sth 试图做某事
6. earn vt.& vi.挣得;赢得;博得;赚得 earnings n.利润;收入;工资
(1) earn money = make money 挣钱
(2) earn a/one's living = make a/one's living 谋生
7. select vt.挑选;选择;选拔 selection n.挑选;选择
(1) select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事
(2) select sb/sth as/to be... 挑选某人/某物作为……
8. claim vt.&n.夺取(生命);宣称;认领;索取;断言
(1) claim to do... 声称做……
(2) It is claimed that... 据说……
(3) make a claim 声称;断言
9. series n.一系列;连续 serial n.连续剧;连载小说
(1) a series of 一连串的;一系列的
(2) in series 连续;一系列地
10. escape vi.&vt.逃脱;逃避;避开 n.逃跑;逃避 escaped adj.逃跑了的
(1) escape from 从……逃脱;逃避
(2) escape doing 避免做……
(3) a narrow escape 死里逃生;幸免于难
11. head to (朝……)前进;(向……)去
(1) head for/towards 朝……前进
(2) head... to...把……引至或领到……
12. bring about 引起;导致
(1) bring up 养育;培养;提出;呕吐
(2) bring in 引进;赚得
(3) bring out 出版;使显现
名师点拨:表示“导致”的单词或短语还有cause、 result in、 contribute to、 lead to等。
13. apart from 除了……外(还);此外
(1) apart from表示“除……外(别无)”时,相当于except for,所跟的词往往不是同类的。
· Apart from a few slight faults,it is good work . (= except for)
除了几个小毛病以外,这是一篇佳作.
(2) apart from还有“除……以外(还)”之意,相当于besides。
· Apart from other considerations, time is also a factor. (=besides)
除了别的考虑之外,时间也是一个因素.
(3) besides意思是“除此之外,还包括”。另外besides还可以作副词,表示“并且;而且”。
· She can speak French and Japanese besides English. 除英语外,她还会讲法语和日语。
(4) but for表示“如果不是由于……”之意(=If it were not for...或If it had not been for...)。
· But for your help, I could not have finished the work on time yesterday.
如果昨天不是你帮忙,我一定不能准时完成工作。
(5) in addition to 相当于besides,表示“除此之外,还包括”(即包括除去内容在内)。
(6) except意思是“除了……”(即不包括其后的宾语),指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分。
except that后面跟句子,用来说明理由或增加细节。
· He gets up early everyday except Sunday. 除星期天外,他每天早起。
· He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days. 除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外,他身体一直很好。
14. collection n.作品集;收集物;收藏品;募捐;募集 collect vt.收集;采集
collective adj.集体的;共有的 collector n.收藏家;收集者
(1) make a collection for 为……募捐
(2) a collection of 一批;一系列
15. settle vt.&vi.和解;定居;确定;解决(纠纷)
settlement n.协议;解决;处理 settled adj.安定的
(1) settle on 决定
(2) settle in 习惯于(新居);适应(新工作);安顿下来
(3) settle down 定居;安定下来;安静下来;平静下来
16. construction n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构
construct vt.建筑;建造;创建;组成 constructor n.建造者;制造者
constructive adj.建设性的
(be) under construction 正在建设中;在施工
17. suit vt.适合;满足……需要;相配;合身 n.西服;套装
suited adj.适合的 suitable adj.适当的;适合的
(1) a suit of... 一套……
(2) suit...to... 使……适合……
(3) be suited for/to sth (某人)适合某物
18. contain vt.包含;含有;容纳;克制;抑制 container n.容器
containment n.遏制;控制
(1) contain oneself 克制自己
19. what引导主语从句
(1) what引导名词性从句时,还在从句中作成分,可作主语、宾语或表语,有意义。
(2) that引导名词性从句时只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,无意义。
eg:What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(主语从句)
This is what they call Salt Lake City.(表语从句)
They decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans.(宾语从句)
20. it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语,这样的句式结构有:
(1) it+系动词+形容词+to do...
(2) it+系动词+名词+to do...
(3) it+系动词+介词短语+to do...
(4) it+动词+宾语 (+形容词)+to do...
eg: It is better to get up early.早起会更好。
It takes a lot of effort to recover the system.恢复系统需要花费很多努力。
21. 独立主格结构形式
①名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动或进行)
②名词/代词+动词-ed形式(表示被动或已经完成)
③名词/代词+动词不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
④名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/名词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
⑤with+名词/代词+现在分词/动词-ed形式/动词不定式/形容词/介词短语/副词
22. but与however的区别:
(1)语义上,but表示明显的对比,转折意味比however强;
(2)语法上,but是并列连词,而however是连接副词;
(3)语序上,but一般位于分句之首,而however可位于句首、句中或句末;
(4)标点上,but之后一般不使用逗号,而however位于句中时,常在其前后各加一个逗号,位于分句末尾时,则在其前加逗号。
eg:It's raining hard.However,I think we should go out.
→ It's raining hard,but I think we should go out.
本单元语法---省略
(1) 并列句中,某些相同成分可以省略,以避免重复。
· This woman works well,but that one doesn't (work well).
(2) 用so、not或其他方式可省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
· —Can Emily do this work? —I think so./ I think not.
(3) 以so、 nor、 neither、 no more开头的分句,句子常出现倒装或省略。
· If you do not go, neither shall I (go).
(4) 在由when、 while、 if、 as if、 though、 although、 as、 until、 once、
whether、 unless、 where等连词(短语)连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的
主语和be动词。
· When (water is) pure, water is a colorless liquid.
· When (they are) ripe, these apples are sweet.
如果状语从句的主语和谓语部分是it is/was时,it is/was也可以省略。
· Answer these questions, if (it is) possible, without referring to the book.
(5) 当that引导宾语从句时,that一般可以省略。但如果接两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时,那么只有第一个 that 可以省略。
· He said (that) the book was very interesting and that (不省略) all the children liked to read it.
(6) 在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom、 which、 that。
· That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
(7) 如果if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语部分有should、 were或助动词had时,可将这些词提到主语前面,省略if。
· Had Thomas (=If Thomas had) saved his money, he would have died a wealthy man.
(8) 虚拟语气中的should通常可以省略。
1 It is strange / natural / necessary / important that sb (should) do sth
2 一坚持 (insist),二命令 (order, command),三建议 (suggest, propose, advise),四要求 (demand, require, request, desire) +that sb (should) do sth
· It was suggested that the meeting (should) be put off until the next week.
· It is necessary that we (should) learn more English words by heart.
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