精品解析：山东省临沂市沂水县2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

2022级普通高中学科素养水平监测试卷 英 语 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15. 答案是C。 1. What did the speakers do? A. They took photos. B. They reported a storm. C. They cleaned the park. 2. Where does the conversation take place? A. In the street. B. In a store. C. In the woman’s office. 3. What does the man think of Professor Johnson? A. Easy-going. B. Demanding. C. Difficult. 4. How did the woman spend her vacation? A. She did some gardening. B. She took walks around her place. C. She enjoyed the garden scenery. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A sales plan. B. Customer service. C. Operating instructions. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Who is away from work? A. John. B. Frank. C. Sally. 7. What is the woman looking forward to? A. Contacting Mayhem Electronics. B. Getting help from another department. C. Posting a job advertisement right away. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Why did Billy perform poorly last year? A. He didn’t adapt to the new school. B. He didn’t get help from his family. C. He didn’t try his best to study. 9. What is Billy weak at? A. Writing. B. Spelling. C. Reading. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What was the matter with the first room? A. It had a bad view. B. It was noisy. C. It was untidy. 11. What could be seen from the room the woman stayed in last? A. A garden. B. The ocean. C. A parking lot. 12. What did the hotel manager promise the woman? A. She could get her money back. B. She could be upgraded with a lower price. C. She could be accommodated for free next time. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What first impression did Bonnie leave on the woman? A. She was thoughtful. B. She was quiet. C. She was smart. 14. What did the man ask Bonnie to do? A. To attend a weekend activity. B. To share snacks with him. C. To join the study group. 15. What is Jenny good at? A. Hiking. B. Cooking. C. Communicating. 16. What happened to the woman last week? A. She didn’t feel well. B. She missed the hiking trip. C. She failed to join the class discussion. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. When was Now and Then recorded by Lennon? A. In 1970. B. In 1977. C. In 1979. 18. What made it possible to release Now and Then? A. The use of advanced technology. B. The living will of Lennon. C. The request of fans. 19 What do we know about blue album? A. It consists of classics. B. It was finished in 1967. C. It doesn’t include Now and Then. 20. What did Ringo Starr say about recording the song? A. It would make their album a hit. B. It allowed the members to get together. C. It offered a chance to remember Lennon. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A CLEAN, GREEN ENERGY FUTURE Nowadays, many countries are making the important change from fossil fuels to clean, green and renewable sources of energy. Fossil fuels produce emissions, but renewable energy sources cause limited damage to the environment. Here are the main types of renewable energy, with facts and examples from around the world. Solar Solar panels turn heat from the sun’s rays into electricity, and solar heaters use that energy to heat water directly. Germany has the highest solar capacity in the world, but China is the world’s largest market and the largest producer of solar technology. Hydropower The power of water turns turbines which produce electricity. Since ancient times, watermills have been used a lot. Most of the renewable energy in China comes from hydropower plants, such as the Three Gorges Dam, the world’s largest power station. Geothermal This has been a natural source of energy for thousands of years. Today, heat from below the earth’s surface heats water into steam that turns turbines to generate electricity. The USA has the largest capacity, with over 80% generated in California. The Yangbajing Power Plant is the largest geothermal plant in China. Wind Tall turbines are turned by the wind to produce electricity. Wind “farms” are built on land, or offshore, to take advantage of more frequent and powerful winds at sea. The world’s largest wind farm is the London Array. It has 175 wind turbines and is 20 km off the coast of England. Researchers think China could meet all her electricity demands from wind by 2030. Wind farms in provinces such as Gansu have an endless wind supply. 1. Which country is the top in solar capacity worldwide according to the passage? A. China. B. Germany. C. The USA. D. England. 2. Which type of energy in China will play the greatest role in the future according to the passage? A. Solar. B. Hydropower. C. Wind. D. Geothermal. 3. In which column of a newspaper could the passage be found? A. Business. B. Science. C. Culture. D. Travel. B A woman in Brazil kept awake during brain surgery moved doctors to tears when she began to sing a song she wrote herself. And the moment is unlike anything we’ve seen before! Doctors diagnosed (诊断) 45-year-old Maria Filomena da Costa with a brain tumor (肿瘤). It needed to be removed, but the location of the mass made things tricky. Removing the tumor without impacting Maria’s speech and cognition wouldn’t be easy. As a result, doctors determined Maria would need to be kept awake during brain surgery! “There was a big risk Maria would lose her speech and it was important that she talked to the team during surgery,” neurosurgeon Carlos Rocha explained. Brain surgery is scary enough. But needless to say, this particular operation was terrifying. And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening. So, the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved. When it came time to operate, doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy,” but still able to speak and respond. The team planned to quiz her on colors, names, etc. “We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli (刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors, read and talk,” Carlos said. But Maria surprised everyone when she started singing a song written by herself as doctors began removing the tumor! Maria’s actions completely stunned the doctors. Not only did it provide guarantee for the doctors that Maria’s speech would be just fine, but it moved the team in a powerful way. “There were a number of professionals involved in this procedure and it was an emotional experience. Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage,” anesthesiologist Paula Fialho said. The 8-hour surgery went well, and within only 4 days, Maria headed home from the hospital. She’s walking, talking, and is well on her way to a full recovery! 4. What can we learn about the brain tumor in Paragraph 2? A. It put the doctors at risk. B. It kept the patients awake. C. It was diagnosed 45 years ago. D. It was at a position hard to tackle. 5. Why did the doctors postpone the operation? A. Maria needed enough mental preparation. B. Maria demanded a better surgery plan. C. Maria longed to have more speech practice. D. Maria was too scared to accept it completely. 6. How did the doctors make Maria safe and sound during the operation? A. They asked her to sing. B. They gave her a careful test. C. They used anesthesia to make her sleep. D. They helped her react to something by speaking. 7. Which of the following best describes Maria? A. Enthusiastic and ambitious. B. Professional and emotional. C. Optimistic and courageous. D. Cooperative and generous. C For anyone over the age of 30 reading this article, here’s some bad news for you: Your brain is already on the decline. From the brain’s peak performance in our mid-20s, that decline is gradual, said Stanford neurologist Sharon Sha, MD. Despite common knowledge about aging and major mistakes in memory, the effects of healthy aging on cognitive (认知的) functions are actually quite unnoticeable. For example, a young or middle-aged adult can remember a sequence of seven numbers on average, while a person in their 60s without dementia (痴呆) can hold onto six. When asked to list as many animals as they can in a short time frame, adults over 55 can list about 4% fewer than those under 55 years old. “Around a generation ago, we assumed that when we get older, we dramatically lose our memory,” said Sha. “That’s really not the case.” For all the talk about age, memory and cognitive ability, it seems like a good time to consult memory experts. Sha leads Stanford Medicine’s Memory Disorders Division and divides her time between clinical work with patients who have Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia and leading clinical trials in patients with these conditions. “Conditions like dementia, and specifically Alzheimer’s disease, affect us more when we’re older. The biggest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease is age. But beyond dementia, we think about a lot of other possible causes for memory mistakes. When someone comes into the clinic and says they’re having memory problems, we ask about medications, other psychiatric problems like anxiety and depression, and their sleep. There are a lot of factors that can affect memory and that are not necessarily expected in aging.” We asked her to discuss the links between aging and memory—and what steps we can take to boost brain health. Her answers have been lightly edited for length and clarity. 8. What can we learn about the effects of aging on the brain from Paragraph 2? A. They are hard to detect overall. B. They affect animals and people equally. C. They don’t happen to people of all ages. D. They rely largely on people’s knowledge level. 9. Which of the following can best describe Sha according to the last paragraph? A. She concentrates on working with the patients with Alzheimer’s disease only. B. She still thinks at present becoming older means losing our memory gradually. C. She argues that memory problems necessarily lead to anxiety and depressions. D. She thinks age plays an important role in causing Alzheimer’s disease undoubtedly. 10. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A How should we better our memory as we age? B. What really happens to our memory as we age? C. Why should we balance our aging and our memory? D. How can we get the peak performance of our brain sooner? 11. What will be discussed in the following paragraph? A. The interview with Sha. B. The seriousness of aging. C. The necessity of clinical trials. D. The cures of Alzheimer’s disease. D Several years ago, Joshua Madsen was driving on an Illinois freeway when he saw something strange: an electronic sign displaying the number of traffic deaths in the state. “I just kind of freaked out. I had never seen anything like that before,” Madsen, a behavioral economist at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, says of the incident. It was a troubling experience to have while driving, he says. In the past decade, at least 28 U. S. states have started to display traffic fatality (死亡) numbers to scare motorists into safer driving. But a new analysis of Texas car crashes co-authored by Madsen suggests such signs may actually be associated with more crashes, not fewer. “Is this helping?” Madsen wondered. So he teamed up with Jonathan Hall, who studies transportation economics at the University of Toronto, to investigate what effect the signs had on crash numbers. The researchers focused on Texas, which consistently displayed the messages for 1 week every month on 880 signs across the state’s highways. Madsen and Hall gathered data on all traffic crashes that happened on affected roads between 2010 and 2017. They compared crashes that occurred in weeks when fatality statistics were displayed with those that happened during the rest of the month, taking care to compare only the accidents that happened at the same hour and on the same day of the week. They also controlled for weather and for holidays, which can independently affect the number of accidents. The analysis of 844, 939 accidents showed that in the 10 kilometers down road of the signs, crashes increased by 1. 35% when the numbers were displayed. Madsen and Hall propose that the fatality statistics are so in your face that they grab too much of the driver’s attention, causing a crash. The data support this explanation, they say: Crashes increased when the death numbers displayed on the signs were higher. 12. Which of the following can replace the underlined words “freaked out” in paragraph 1? A. surprised. B. thrilled. C. ashamed. D. frustrated. 13. What can we know about Madsen and Hall’s research? A. The research cost them approximately nine years to complete. B. The final research findings seemed to be out of their expectation. C. The research’s purpose was to find out if the signs were effective. D. The researchers almost paid no attention to the factors of bad weather. 14. How do the fatality statistics affect the drivers according to the last paragraph? A. By having them speed. B. By making them more fear. C. By depressing them greatly. D. By distracting their attention. 15. What message does the author want to convey in the text? A. Researches studying traffic crashes receive great attention. B. New regulations guaranteeing traffic safety need updating. C. Highway signs showing traffic deaths cause more crashes. D. Traffic deaths happening so frequently should be controlled. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. ___16___ It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator (呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. ___17___ When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. ___18___ Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011 he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. ___19___ With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. ___20___ A. It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B. That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C. We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D. Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E. Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F. In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G. It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mui suffers from a very rare and severe skin disorder called harlequin ichthyosis (丑角样鱼鳞). It’s something she could have easily let ___21___ her. But for the people who take the time to get to know Mui, they can’t help but be impressed by her energy and ___22___ spirit! Mui’s “never quit” attitude is especially inspiring when you take into account all of the difficulty she has ___23___ . She’s never known her biological parents. But she was ___24___ with her adoptive parents, Tina and Roger, when she was very young-something that greatly helped ___25___ her to be the strong and courageous woman she is today. Tina and Roger never ___26___ to be adoptive parents. But over 20 years ago, while living in Hong Kong, the couple felt a calling to volunteer as foster parents. That’s when they started visiting Mui at the Duchess of Kent Children’s Hospital. Mui was only a few months old when the ___27___ began, and over time, the baby and this kind couple formed a close ___28___ . But when Mui was ___29___ to an institution for the mentally disabled, simply ___30___ there was nowhere else for her to go, Tina and Roger felt ___31___ to act. Roger explains, “She was effectively being ___32___ away from the rest of society in a home for the mentally disabled. She has no mental disability. Now, we had to make the ___33___ .” They say their decision to adopt Mui made no sense to anyone else. But they knew this little girl ___34___ them and they had fallen in love with her. ___35___ , they became Mui’s new parents—a true blessing for the long road that Mui had ahead. 21. A. confuse B. astonish C. stimulate D. discourage 22 A. optimistic B. sensitive C. pessimistic D. negative 23. A. dominated B. avoided C. tolerated D. assigned 24. A. combined B. blessed C. polished D. attracted 25. A. respect B. shape C. crush D. discipline 26. A. planned B. performed C. reacted D. corresponded 27. A. ideas B. contracts C. cues D. visits 28. A. breakthrough B. promise C. bond D. belief 29. A. moved B. invited C. transported D. appealed 30. A. till B. though C. before D. because 31. A. instructed B. forced C. upset D. challenged 32. A. hidden B. carried C. driven D. cleared 33. A. proposal B. profit C. promise D. decision 34. A. dismissed B. needed C. urged D. supported 35. A. Besides B. Somehow C. Therefore D. Otherwise 第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 After xiao man, or “grain buds”, it’s time for mang zhong, or “grain in ear”. It is ___36___ Chinese solar term for summer. According to this solar term, most of China will see the hot days of summer___37___ the areas around the Yangtze River experience rain. Mang refers to the awn, or the thistle, on the seeds of grain plants and zhong refers to harvesting and sowing, which happens at the same time. The ___38___ (begin) of mang zhong means the grains are mature and waiting to be harvested, so like other solar terms, it also reflects ___39___ (agriculture) phenology (物候学). In Chinese, mang has the same pronunciation as another mang, ___40___ means “busy”. Mang zhong is also translated by Chinese farmers as “busy farming”. Tang Dynasty(618-907) poet Bai Juyi portrayed (描绘) the busy scene of people ___41___ (work) on farmlands during the period in his poem, titled Guan Yimai(Watching the Wheat Harvest): “Farm families have few leisurely months. In the fifth lunar month, they are twice as busy. The southern breeze arises in the evenings, ___42___ (cover) fields of wheat now turn yellow…” The poet praised the hardworking spirit of farmers, reminding people to cherish their hard labor, and expressed his empathy (共鸣). With ___43___ (difference) in geography and climate, the crops also vary greatly in northern and southern China. Bai’s poem reflects the ___44___ (life) of people in northern China, who race against time ____45____ (harvest) wheat. However, it’s not the same for people living in southern China, who work around the clock to plant rice. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假如你是你校学生会主席李华。你的外教Eric打算率本国高中生交流团来你校了解学习中国传统文化。请你给外教写一封英文邮件，内容主要包括： 1. 活动安排;2. 表达期望。 注意： 1. 词数80左右;2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 Dear Eric, How is everything going with you? I’m Li Hua, the chairman of the Students’ Union. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to seeing you all! Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写词数应为150左右。 Tionae Thomas couldn’t be prouder of her 14-year-old daughter. Plenty of people overlooked a boy sitting alone under a tree in a shopping center parking lot. But not Tionae’s daughter. The 14-year-old girl stepped in to help the stranded(滞留) boy. And the Internet is applauding this girl for her kindness! Tionae and her daughter were on the way home. But as they passed a shopping center, Tionae’s daughter begged her to pull over. She’d noticed a boy who looked like he was most likely in elementary school. He sat all alone under a tree in a small island within the parking lot. “It’s too hot, mama,” the girl told her mom. So, Tionae pulled over and her daughter got out, asking the stranded boy where his parents were. But the boy didn’t know. The kind girl let the stranded boy use her cell phone to give his dad a call. Then she suggested he move from his spot under the tree to the front of a nearby Rite Aid. She told him it would be safer. At the same time, the girl left him her phone number and told him that he could call her if necessary. Getting back into the car with her mom, the girl asked to wait to make sure the stranded boy got picked up. She hated the idea of leaving him alone. And because of the warmer temperatures, she wanted to get him some water. Plenty of others must have noticed the boy. Maybe they left him alone because they didn’t want to disturb or scare him. Maybe they just thought someone else would do something. But Tionae’s daughter was the only one to step in and help. Para 1: Two days later, the girl received the boy’s call. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2: And Tionae couldn’t help but brag(自夸) on her sweet girl, posting the whole story on Facebook. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1-5CABCA 6-10CBABC 11-15BCBAB 16-20ACAAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2022级普通高中学科素养水平监测试卷 英 语 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15. 答案是C。 1. What did the speakers do? A. They took photos. B. They reported a storm. C. They cleaned the park. 2. Where does the conversation take place? A. In the street. B. In a store. C. In the woman’s office. 3. What does the man think of Professor Johnson? A. Easy-going. B. Demanding. C. Difficult. 4. How did the woman spend her vacation? A. She did some gardening. B. She took walks around her place. C. She enjoyed the garden scenery. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. A sales plan. B. Customer service. C. Operating instructions. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Who is away from work? A. John. B. Frank. C. Sally. 7. What is the woman looking forward to? A. Contacting Mayhem Electronics. B. Getting help from another department. C. Posting a job advertisement right away. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Why did Billy perform poorly last year? A. He didn’t adapt to the new school. B. He didn’t get help from his family. C. He didn’t try his best to study. 9. What is Billy weak at? A. Writing. B. Spelling. C. Reading. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What was the matter with the first room? A. It had a bad view. B. It was noisy. C. It was untidy. 11. What could be seen from the room the woman stayed in last? A. A garden. B. The ocean. C. A parking lot. 12. What did the hotel manager promise the woman? A. She could get her money back. B. She could be upgraded with a lower price. C. She could be accommodated for free next time. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What first impression did Bonnie leave on the woman? A. She was thoughtful. B. She was quiet. C. She was smart. 14. What did the man ask Bonnie to do? A. To attend a weekend activity. B. To share snacks with him. C. To join the study group. 15. What is Jenny good at? A. Hiking. B. Cooking. C. Communicating. 16. What happened to the woman last week? A. She didn’t feel well. B. She missed the hiking trip. C. She failed to join the class discussion. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. When was Now and Then recorded by Lennon? A. In 1970. B. In 1977. C. In 1979. 18. What made it possible to release Now and Then? A. The use of advanced technology. B. The living will of Lennon. C. The request of fans. 19. What do we know about blue album? A. It consists of classics. B. It was finished in 1967. C. It doesn’t include Now and Then. 20. What did Ringo Starr say about recording the song? A. It would make their album a hit. B. It allowed the members to get together. C. It offered a chance to remember Lennon. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A CLEAN, GREEN ENERGY FUTURE Nowadays, many countries are making the important change from fossil fuels to clean, green and renewable sources of energy. Fossil fuels produce emissions, but renewable energy sources cause limited damage to the environment. Here are the main types of renewable energy, with facts and examples from around the world. Solar Solar panels turn heat from the sun’s rays into electricity, and solar heaters use that energy to heat water directly. Germany has the highest solar capacity in the world, but China is the world’s largest market and the largest producer of solar technology. Hydropower The power of water turns turbines which produce electricity. Since ancient times, watermills have been used a lot. Most of the renewable energy in China comes from hydropower plants, such as the Three Gorges Dam, the world’s largest power station. Geothermal This has been a natural source of energy for thousands of years. Today, heat from below the earth’s surface heats water into steam that turns turbines to generate electricity. The USA has the largest capacity, with over 80% generated in California. The Yangbajing Power Plant is the largest geothermal plant in China. Wind Tall turbines are turned by the wind to produce electricity. Wind “farms” are built on land, or offshore, to take advantage of more frequent and powerful winds at sea. The world’s largest wind farm is the London Array. It has 175 wind turbines and is 20 km off the coast of England. Researchers think China could meet all her electricity demands from wind by 2030. Wind farms in provinces such as Gansu have an endless wind supply. 1. Which country is the top in solar capacity worldwide according to the passage? A. China. B. Germany. C. The USA. D. England. 2. Which type of energy in China will play the greatest role in the future according to the passage? A. Solar. B. Hydropower. C. Wind. D. Geothermal. 3. In which column of a newspaper could the passage be found? A. Business. B. Science. C. Culture. D. Travel. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了可再生能源的类型，包括太阳能、水力发电、地热能和风能，以及它们在世界范围内的应用。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Solar部分的“Germany has the highest solar capacity in the world, but China is the world’s largest market and the largest producer of solar technology.(德国拥有世界上最高的太阳能产能，但中国是世界上最大的市场和最大的太阳能技术生产国)”可知，德国是世界上太阳能发电量最多的国家。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Researchers think China could meet all her electricity demands from wind by 2030.(研究人员认为，到2030年，中国可以通过风能满足所有的电力需求。)”可知，在中国，风能将在未来发挥最大的作用。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了可再生能源的类型，包括太阳能、水力发电、地热能和风能，以及它们在世界范围内的应用。这些内容属于科学和技术领域的范畴，因此这篇文章最有可能出现在报纸的“科学”专栏中。故选B。 B A woman in Brazil kept awake during brain surgery moved doctors to tears when she began to sing a song she wrote herself. And the moment is unlike anything we’ve seen before! Doctors diagnosed (诊断) 45-year-old Maria Filomena da Costa with a brain tumor (肿瘤). It needed to be removed, but the location of the mass made things tricky. Removing the tumor without impacting Maria’s speech and cognition wouldn’t be easy. As a result, doctors determined Maria would need to be kept awake during brain surgery! “There was a big risk Maria would lose her speech and it was important that she talked to the team during surgery,” neurosurgeon Carlos Rocha explained. Brain surgery is scary enough. But needless to say, this particular operation was terrifying. And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening. So, the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved. When it came time to operate, doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy,” but still able to speak and respond. The team planned to quiz her on colors, names, etc. “We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli (刺激物) to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors, read and talk,” Carlos said. But Maria surprised everyone when she started singing a song written by herself as doctors began removing the tumor! Maria’s actions completely stunned the doctors. Not only did it provide guarantee for the doctors that Maria’s speech would be just fine, but it moved the team in a powerful way. “There were a number of professionals involved in this procedure and it was an emotional experience. Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage,” anesthesiologist Paula Fialho said. The 8-hour surgery went well, and within only 4 days, Maria headed home from the hospital. She’s walking, talking, and is well on her way to a full recovery! 4. What can we learn about the brain tumor in Paragraph 2? A. It put the doctors at risk. B. It kept the patients awake. C. It was diagnosed 45 years ago. D. It was at a position hard to tackle. 5. Why did the doctors postpone the operation? A. Maria needed enough mental preparation. B. Maria demanded a better surgery plan. C. Maria longed to have more speech practice. D. Maria was too scared to accept it completely. 6. How did the doctors make Maria safe and sound during the operation? A. They asked her to sing. B. They gave her a careful test. C. They used anesthesia to make her sleep. D. They helped her react to something by speaking. 7. Which of the following best describes Maria? A. Enthusiastic and ambitious. B. Professional and emotional. C. Optimistic and courageous. D. Cooperative and generous. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名巴西妇女Maria Filomena da Costa在脑手术过程中保持清醒，并唱起自己写的歌曲，这一举动不仅让医生们确信她的语言能力不会受到影响，还深深打动了整个医疗团队，展现了她的勇气和乐观态度。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Removing the tumor without impacting Maria’s speech and cognition wouldn’t be easy.(在不影响玛丽亚的语言和认知的情况下切除肿瘤并不容易。)”可知，切除肿瘤而不影响Maria的言语和认知并不容易，这说明肿瘤的位置很难处理。因此，我们可以得知肿瘤位于一个难以处理的位置。故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening. So, the team delayed the operation until Maria was psychologically prepared for everything involved.(玛丽亚承认，她发现外科医生在她醒着的时候对她的大脑进行手术的想法很可怕。所以，团队推迟了手术，直到玛丽亚对所涉及的一切做好了心理准备。)”可知，医生推迟手术是因为玛丽亚需要充分的心理准备。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“When it came time to operate, doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy,” but still able to speak and respond.(到了手术的时候，医生用麻醉剂让玛丽亚保持“轻微的困倦”，但仍然能够说话和做出反应。)”和““We had prearranged to do speech mapping with electrical stimuli to the brain and tests during surgery asking her to name objects and colors, read and talk,” Carlos said.(卡洛斯说:“我们事先安排了对大脑进行电刺激的语音映射，并在手术过程中进行测试，要求她说出物体和颜色的名字、阅读和说话。”)”可知，在手术过程中，医生是通过说话帮助她对某事作出反应使玛丽亚安然无恙的。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“And Maria admits she found the idea of surgeons working on her brain while she was awake was frightening.(玛丽亚承认，她发现外科医生在她醒着的时候对她的大脑进行手术的想法很可怕。)”、文章第四段“When it came time to operate, doctors used anesthesia to keep Maria “slightly sleepy,” but still able to speak and respond.(到了手术的时候，医生用麻醉剂让玛丽亚保持“轻微的困倦”，但仍然能够说话和做出反应。)”、文章最后一段“Maria’s actions completely stunned the doctors. Not only did it provide guarantee for the doctors that Maria’s speech would be just fine, but it moved the team in a powerful way.(玛丽亚的行为使医生们大为震惊。这不仅为医生们提供了保证，玛丽亚的演讲不会有问题，而且还以一种强有力的方式感动了整个团队。)”以及“Everyone couldn’t stop talking about her courage(每个人都在不停地谈论她的勇气)”可知，尽管手术本身非常可怕，Maria也承认当想到医生在她清醒的时候对她的大脑进行手术时，她感到害怕。但是，她还是接受了手术，并且在手术过程中唱歌来激励医生。她的行动不仅让医生们确信她的语言能力不会受到影响，还深深地打动了整个医疗团队。因此，Maria被描述为乐观和勇敢的。故选C。 C For anyone over the age of 30 reading this article, here’s some bad news for you: Your brain is already on the decline. From the brain’s peak performance in our mid-20s, that decline is gradual, said Stanford neurologist Sharon Sha, MD. Despite common knowledge about aging and major mistakes in memory, the effects of healthy aging on cognitive (认知的) functions are actually quite unnoticeable. For example, a young or middle-aged adult can remember a sequence of seven numbers on average, while a person in their 60s without dementia (痴呆) can hold onto six. When asked to list as many animals as they can in a short time frame, adults over 55 can list about 4% fewer than those under 55 years old. “Around a generation ago, we assumed that when we get older, we dramatically lose our memory,” said Sha. “That’s really not the case.” For all the talk about age, memory and cognitive ability, it seems like a good time to consult memory experts. Sha leads Stanford Medicine’s Memory Disorders Division and divides her time between clinical work with patients who have Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia and leading clinical trials in patients with these conditions. “Conditions like dementia, and specifically Alzheimer’s disease, affect us more when we’re older. The biggest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease is age. But beyond dementia, we think about a lot of other possible causes for memory mistakes. When someone comes into the clinic and says they’re having memory problems, we ask about medications, other psychiatric problems like anxiety and depression, and their sleep. There are a lot of factors that can affect memory and that are not necessarily expected in aging.” We asked her to discuss the links between aging and memory—and what steps we can take to boost brain health. Her answers have been lightly edited for length and clarity. 8. What can we learn about the effects of aging on the brain from Paragraph 2? A. They are hard to detect overall. B. They affect animals and people equally. C. They don’t happen to people of all ages. D. They rely largely on people’s knowledge level. 9. Which of the following can best describe Sha according to the last paragraph? A. She concentrates on working with the patients with Alzheimer’s disease only. B. She still thinks at present becoming older means losing our memory gradually. C. She argues that memory problems necessarily lead to anxiety and depressions. D. She thinks age plays an important role in causing Alzheimer’s disease undoubtedly. 10. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How should we better our memory as we age? B. What really happens to our memory as we age? C. Why should we balance our aging and our memory? D How can we get the peak performance of our brain sooner? 11. What will be discussed in the following paragraph? A. The interview with Sha. B. The seriousness of aging. C. The necessity of clinical trials. D. The cures of Alzheimer’s disease. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了随着年龄增长，我们的记忆力到底会发生什么变化。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Despite common knowledge about aging and major mistakes in memory, the effects of healthy aging on cognitive (认知的) functions are actually quite unnoticeable.(尽管人们普遍知道年龄增长和记忆力下降的问题，但健康衰老对认知功能的影响实际上并不明显。)”可知，我们可以从第二段中了解到年龄增长对大脑的影响总体上很难察觉。故选A。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Conditions like dementia, and specifically Alzheimer’s disease, affect us more when we’re older. The biggest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease is age.(痴呆这样的疾病，特别是阿尔茨海默病，在我们年老时对我们的影响更大。阿尔茨海默病的最大危险因素是年龄。)”可推知，Sha认为年龄无疑是导致阿尔茨海默病的重要因素。故选D。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了随着年龄增长，我们的记忆力到底会发生什么变化。文章首先提到，虽然人们普遍认为年龄增长会导致记忆力大幅下降，但实际上健康的老化对认知功能的影响并不明显。接着，文章通过引用斯坦福大学神经学家Sharon Sha的话，进一步说明了记忆力随年龄增长的变化，并提到了导致记忆力下降的其他可能因素。最后，文章询问了Sharon Sha关于年龄和记忆力之间的联系，以及我们可以采取哪些措施来提高大脑健康。因此，B选项“What really happens to our memory as we age?”（我们年龄增长时记忆力到底发生了什么？）最符合文章的主题。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We asked her to discuss the links between aging and memory—and what steps we can take to boost brain health. Her answers have been lightly edited for length and clarity.(我们请她讨论衰老和记忆之间的联系，以及我们可以采取哪些措施来促进大脑健康。为了篇幅和清晰度，她的回答经过了轻微的编辑。)”可知，接下来将会讨论与Sha的采访内容，包括年龄与记忆之间的联系以及我们可以采取哪些措施来提高大脑健康。因此，接下来的段落将会讨论与Sha的采访内容。故选A。 D Several years ago, Joshua Madsen was driving on an Illinois freeway when he saw something strange: an electronic sign displaying the number of traffic deaths in the state. “I just kind of freaked out. I had never seen anything like that before,” Madsen, a behavioral economist at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, says of the incident. It was a troubling experience to have while driving, he says. In the past decade, at least 28 U. S. states have started to display traffic fatality (死亡) numbers to scare motorists into safer driving. But a new analysis of Texas car crashes co-authored by Madsen suggests such signs may actually be associated with more crashes, not fewer. “Is this helping?” Madsen wondered. So he teamed up with Jonathan Hall, who studies transportation economics at the University of Toronto, to investigate what effect the signs had on crash numbers. The researchers focused on Texas, which consistently displayed the messages for 1 week every month on 880 signs across the state’s highways. Madsen and Hall gathered data on all traffic crashes that happened on affected roads between 2010 and 2017. They compared crashes that occurred in weeks when fatality statistics were displayed with those that happened during the rest of the month, taking care to compare only the accidents that happened at the same hour and on the same day of the week. They also controlled for weather and for holidays, which can independently affect the number of accidents. The analysis of 844, 939 accidents showed that in the 10 kilometers down road of the signs, crashes increased by 1. 35% when the numbers were displayed. Madsen and Hall propose that the fatality statistics are so in your face that they grab too much of the driver’s attention, causing a crash. The data support this explanation, they say: Crashes increased when the death numbers displayed on the signs were higher. 12. Which of the following can replace the underlined words “freaked out” in paragraph 1? A. surprised. B. thrilled. C. ashamed. D. frustrated. 13. What can we know about Madsen and Hall’s research? A. The research cost them approximately nine years to complete. B. The final research findings seemed to be out of their expectation. C. The research’s purpose was to find out if the signs were effective. D. The researchers almost paid no attention to the factors of bad weather. 14. How do the fatality statistics affect the drivers according to the last paragraph? A. By having them speed. B. By making them more fear. C. By depressing them greatly. D. By distracting their attention. 15. What message does the author want to convey in the text? A. Researches studying traffic crashes receive great attention. B. New regulations guaranteeing traffic safety need updating. C. Highway signs showing traffic deaths cause more crashes. D. Traffic deaths happening so frequently should be controlled. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了高速公路上展示交通事故死亡人数的标志是否有助于减少交通事故的发生。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“Several years ago, Joshua Madsen was driving on an Illinois freeway when he saw something strange: an electronic sign displaying the number of traffic deaths in the state.(几年前，约书亚·马德森在伊利诺斯州的一条高速公路上开车时，看到了一个奇怪的东西：一个显示该州交通死亡人数的电子标志。)”可知，Joshua Madsen在开车时看到一个奇怪的电子显示屏，显示该州的交通事故死亡人数，根据“something strange”可知，他感到很惊讶。freaked out意为“惊讶的”，和A项“surprised惊讶的”语义一致。故选A。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Is this helping?” Madsen wondered. So he teamed up with Jonathan Hall, who studies transportation economics at the University of Toronto, to investigate what effect the signs had on crash numbers.(“这有帮助吗?”马森很好奇。因此，他与多伦多大学研究交通经济学乔纳森·霍尔合作，调查这些标志对交通事故数量的影响。)”可知，马德森和霍尔的研究目的是找出这些标志是否有效。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Madsen and Hall propose that the fatality statistics are so in your face that they grab too much of the driver’s attention, causing a crash. The data support this explanation, they say: Crashes increased when the death numbers displayed on the signs were higher.(马德森和霍尔提出，死亡人数统计数据如此醒目，以至于它们吸引了司机太多的注意力，导致了车祸。他们说，数据支持这一解释：当路标上显示的死亡人数较高时，撞车事故就会增加。)”可知，根据最后一段，死亡统计数据通过分散司机的注意力来影响他们。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Madsen and Hall propose that the fatality statistics are so in your face that they grab too much of the driver’s attention, causing a crash. The data support this explanation, they say: Crashes increased when the death numbers displayed on the signs were higher.(马德森和霍尔提出，死亡人数统计数据如此醒目，以至于它们吸引了司机太多的注意力，导致了车祸。他们说，数据支持这一解释：当路标上显示的死亡人数较高时，撞车事故就会增加。)”以及全文内容可知，过去十年中，美国至少有28个州开始在道路上展示交通事故死亡人数以警示司机安全驾驶，但一项新的分析表明，这些标志实际上可能与更多的交通事故有关。文章进一步通过一项研究来支持这一观点，该研究发现，在展示交通事故死亡人数的标志下方的10公里范围内，交通事故增加了1.35%。因此，文章想要传达的信息是：高速公路上展示交通事故死亡人数的标志会导致更多的交通事故。故选C。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. ___16___ It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator (呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. ___17___ When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. ___18___ Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. ___19___ With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. ___20___ A. It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B. That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C. We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D. Additionally there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E. Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F. In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G. It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. 【答案】16. B 17. F 18. E 19. G 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种创新的医疗设备——脚动呼吸机（NeoBreathe）。 【16题详解】 根据上文“It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries.(当得知一个医疗问题在美国已经得到了很大程度的解决，但仍在困扰中低收入国家时，总是令人心碎。)”可知，上文提到在美国已经很大程度上解决了的医疗问题在低收入和中等收入国家仍然是一个问题，因此空处应该提到一个解决这个问题的新发明或方法。下文中的“a device”指代B项中的“the NeoBreathe”。B项：That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe.(这就是为什么了解NeoBreathe鼓舞人心。)符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 根据下文“When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs.(当新生儿呼吸困难时，一个临床医生把一个呼吸面罩放在婴儿的脸上，而另一个人挤压通气袋，将空气推入婴儿的肺部。)”可知，上文描述在美国处理新生儿呼吸困难这种情况的方式，所以空格处应该是一个引入话题的句子。F项：In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple.(在美国，挽救一个患有出生窒息症的婴儿相对简单。)符合语境。故选F。 【18题详解】 根据上文“But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag.(但在印度等人员更为有限的中低收入国家，复苏并非那么简单。个别临床医生通常单独救活婴儿，用一只手做粘颚、抬下巴和靠脖子三个动作，将呼吸面罩封在婴儿嘴巴周围，用另一只手挤压袋子。)”可知，在一些中低收入国家，没有助手的帮助进行复苏这种操作可能会产生不良后果。E项：Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences.(在没有帮助的情况下执行此程序可能会产生不良后果。)符合语境。故选E。 【19题详解】 根据上文“They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator.(他们开发了NeoBreathe，一个脚动复苏器。)”和下文“With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently.(有了空闲的手，操作员可以更有效地进行多任务处理。)”可知，空处说明NeoBreathe的优点。下文中的“With the freed hand”和G项中的“It frees one of the operator’s hands”对应。G项：It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation.(它解放了操作人员的一只手，减少了漏风，显著改善了通风。)符合语境。故选G。 【20题详解】 根据上文“The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali.(该设备目前在印度的大多数州以及肯尼亚、南非、尼日利亚和马里使用。)”可知，空处承接上文，提出更多的国家计划引入这种技术。D项：Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina.(此外，秘鲁、智利和阿根廷也计划引入这种技术。)符合语境。故选D。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mui suffers from a very rare and severe skin disorder called harlequin ichthyosis (丑角样鱼鳞). It’s something she could have easily let ___21___ her. But for the people who take the time to get to know Mui, they can’t help but be impressed by her energy and ___22___ spirit! Mui’s “never quit” attitude is especially inspiring when you take into account all of the difficulty she has ___23___ . She’s never known her biological parents. But she was ___24___ with her adoptive parents, Tina and Roger, when she was very young-something that greatly helped ___25___ her to be the strong and courageous woman she is today. Tina and Roger never ___26___ to be adoptive parents. But over 20 years ago, while living in Hong Kong, the couple felt a calling to volunteer as foster parents. That’s when they started visiting Mui at the Duchess of Kent Children’s Hospital. Mui was only a few months old when the ___27___ began, and over time, the baby and this kind couple formed a close ___28___ . But when Mui was ___29___ to an institution for the mentally disabled, simply ___30___ there was nowhere else for her to go, Tina and Roger felt ___31___ to act. Roger explains, “She was effectively being ___32___ away from the rest of society in a home for the mentally disabled. She has no mental disability. Now, we had to make the ___33___ .” They say their decision to adopt Mui made no sense to anyone else. But they knew this little girl ___34___ them, and they had fallen in love with her. ___35___ , they became Mui’s new parents—a true blessing for the long road that Mui had ahead. 21. A. confuse B. astonish C. stimulate D. discourage 22. A. optimistic B. sensitive C. pessimistic D. negative 23. A. dominated B. avoided C. tolerated D. assigned 24. A. combined B. blessed C. polished D. attracted 25. A. respect B. shape C. crush D. discipline 26. A. planned B. performed C. reacted D. corresponded 27. A. ideas B. contracts C. cues D. visits 28. A. breakthrough B. promise C. bond D. belief 29. A. moved B. invited C. transported D. appealed 30. A. till B. though C. before D. because 31. A. instructed B. forced C. upset D. challenged 32. A. hidden B. carried C. driven D. cleared 33. A. proposal B. profit C. promise D. decision 34. A. dismissed B. needed C. urged D. supported 35. A. Besides B. Somehow C. Therefore D. Otherwise 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了女孩Mui没有见过亲身父母，多亏了她的养父母蒂娜和罗杰，把她塑造成了坚强勇敢的女人。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是她很容易让她气馁的事情。A. confuse使糊涂；B. astonish使惊讶；C. stimulate激励；D. discourage使沮丧。根据上文“Mui suffers from a very rare and severe skin disorder called harlequin ichthyosis.( Mui患有一种非常罕见和严重的皮肤病，称为丑角样鱼鳞病)”可知，Mui得了皮肤病，所以是让她沮丧的事情。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是对于那些花时间去了解Mui的人来说，他们不得不被她的活力和乐观精神所打动！A. optimistic乐观的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. negative消极的。根据上文“by her energy and”以及后文“Mui’s “never quit” attitude”可知，Mui充满活力和乐观精神。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你考虑到她所忍受所有困难时，Mui“永不放弃”的态度尤其令人鼓舞。A. dominated控制；B. avoided避免；C. tolerated忍受；D. assigned分配。根据上文“you take into account all of the difficulty she has”以及她得了皮肤病，所以此处指她需要忍受困难。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她很幸运，在她很小的时候就有了她的养父母蒂娜和罗杰——这极大地帮助她成为了今天这个坚强勇敢的女人。A. combined共同的；B. blessed幸运的；C. polished擦亮的；D. attracted被吸引的。根据后文“to be the strong and courageous woman she is today”可知，她的家人帮助了她成为坚强勇敢的女人，所以她很幸运。后文“a true blessing for the long road that Mui had ahead”也是提示。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她很幸运，在她很小的时候就有了她的养父母蒂娜和罗杰——这极大地帮助她成为了今天这个坚强勇敢的女人。A. respect尊重；B. shape塑造；C. crush压坏；D. discipline处分。根据后文“her to be the strong and courageous woman she is today”可知，她的家人把她塑造成为了一个勇敢坚强的女人。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：蒂娜和罗杰从未计划过要领养孩子。A. planned计划；B. performed表现；C. reacted反应；D. corresponded符合。根据后文“But over 20 years ago, while living in Hong Kong, the couple felt a calling to volunteer as foster parents. That’s when they started visiting Mui at the Duchess of Kent Children’s Hospital.(但20多年前，当这对夫妇住在香港时，他们感到一种召唤，想要成为志愿者的养父母。从那时起，他们开始去肯特公爵夫人儿童医院看望Mui)”可知，Mui的父母是后来才决定领养孩子的，说明此前没有计划过领养孩子。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们开始探访时，Mui只有几个月大，随着时间的推移，她和这对善良的夫妇建立了亲密的关系。A. ideas想法；B. contracts合同；C. cues提示，暗示；D. visits拜访。呼应上文“they started visiting Mui”指这对夫妻去医院探访Mui。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们开始探访时，Mui只有几个月大，随着时间的推移，她和这对善良的夫妇建立了亲密的关系。A. breakthrough突破；B. promise承诺；C. bond联系，关系；D. belief信念。根据上文“over time, the baby and this kind couple formed a close”以及后文他们领养了Mui可知他们之间建立了亲密的关系。后文“they had fallen in love with her”也是提示。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当Mui被转移到一个精神残疾机构时，仅仅是因为她没有别的地方可去，蒂娜和罗杰感到被迫采取行动。A. moved移动；B. invited邀请；C. transported运输；D. appealed吸引。根据后文“to an institution for the mentally disabled”指Mui被转移到一个精神残疾机构，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是，当Mui被转移到一个精神残疾机构时，仅仅是因为她没有别的地方可去，蒂娜和罗杰感到被迫采取行动。A. till直到；B. though虽然；C. before在……之前；D. because因为。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当Mui被转移到一个精神残疾机构时，仅仅是因为她没有别的地方可去，蒂娜和罗杰感到被迫采取行动。A. instructed受教育的；B. forced被迫的；C. upset沮丧的；D. challenged受到挑战的。根据上文可知，Mui被转移到一个精神残疾机构，属于突发情况，这让这对夫妇感到被迫要采取行动了，故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗杰解释说：“她实际上被隔离在一个精神残疾者之家，远离社会的其他部分。”A. hidden隐藏，掩盖；B. carried搬运；C. driven驾驶；D. cleared清理。根据后文“away from the rest of society in a home for the mentally disabled”可知，Mui被隔离在一个精神残疾者之家，远离社会的其他部分。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我们必须做出决定。A. proposal提议；B. profit利益；C. promise承诺；D. decision决定。根据后文“They say their decision”指他们做出了领养的决定。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他们知道这个小女孩需要他们，他们已经爱上了她。A. dismissed解散；B. needed需要；C. urged催促；D. supported支持。根据后文“them, and they had fallen in love with her”可知，Mui需要他们，他们也喜爱Mui。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，他们成为了Mui的新父母，这是对Mui前方漫长道路的真正祝福。A. Besides此外；B. Somehow不知怎地；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据前后文语境“they had fallen in love with her”和“they became Mui’s new parents - a true blessing for the long road that Mui had ahead.”可知为因果关系，应用therefore。故选C。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 After xiao man, or “grain buds”, it’s time for mang zhong, or “grain in ear”. It is ___36___ Chinese solar term for summer. According to this solar term, most of China will see the hot days of summer___37___ the areas around the Yangtze River experience rain. Mang refers to the awn, or the thistle, on the seeds of grain plants and zhong refers to harvesting and sowing, which happens at the same time. The ___38___ (begin) of mang zhong means the grains are mature and waiting to be harvested, so like other solar terms, it also reflects ___39___ (agriculture) phenology (物候学). In Chinese, mang has the same pronunciation as another mang, ___40___ means “busy”. Mang zhong is also translated by Chinese farmers as “busy farming”. Tang Dynasty(618-907) poet Bai Juyi portrayed (描绘) the busy scene of people ___41___ (work) on farmlands during the period in his poem, titled Guan Yimai(Watching the Wheat Harvest): “Farm families have few leisurely months. In the fifth lunar month, they are twice as busy. The southern breeze arises in the evenings, ___42___ (cover) fields of wheat now turn yellow…” The poet praised the hardworking spirit of farmers, reminding people to cherish their hard labor, and expressed his empathy (共鸣). With ___43___ (difference) in geography and climate, the crops also vary greatly in northern and southern China. Bai’s poem reflects the ___44___ (life) of people in northern China, who race against time ____45____ (harvest) wheat. However, it’s not the same for people living in southern China, who work around the clock to plant rice. 【答案】36. a 37. but##while 38. beginning 39. agricultural 40. which 41. working 42. covered 43. differences 44. lives 45. to harvest 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国农历的芒种节气，以及这个节气对农业生产和农民生活的影响。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它是中国夏天的一个节气。term是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且Chinese发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【37题详解】 考查连词。句意：根据这个节气，中国大部分地区将迎来炎热的夏天，而长江沿岸地区则会下雨。上文提到“中国大部分地区将迎来炎热的夏天”，下文提到“长江沿岸地区会下雨”，上下文为转折关系，需用连词but/while连接。故填but/while。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：芒种的开始意味着粮食成熟，等待收获，所以像其他节气一样，它也反映了农业物候。空处作主语，需填名词beginning。故填beginning。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词phenology需用形容词agricultural，作定语。故填agricultural。 【40题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在汉语中，“芒”与另一个“忙”的发音相同，意思是“忙碌”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词another mang，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：唐代（618-907年）诗人白居易在他的《观刈麦》（又名《观田家》）一诗中描绘了当时人们忙于农田劳作的繁忙景象：“田家少闲月，五月人倍忙。”空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词people，work和people为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填working。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：夜来南风起，小麦覆陇黄。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词fields。故填covered。 【43题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：由于地理和气候的差异，中国北方和南方的作物也有很大差异。difference为可数名词，结合“in geography and climate”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填differences。 【44题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：白的诗反映了中国北方人民的生活，他们争分夺秒地收割小麦。空处需填名词作宾语，结合“of people in northern China”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填lives。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处表示目的，需用动词不定式to harvest，作目的状语。故填to harvest。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假如你是你校学生会主席李华。你的外教Eric打算率本国高中生交流团来你校了解学习中国传统文化。请你给外教写一封英文邮件，内容主要包括： 1. 活动安排;2. 表达期望。 注意： 1. 词数80左右;2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 Dear Eric, How is everything going with you? I’m Li Hua, the chairman of the Students’ Union. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to seeing you all! Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version 1 Dear Eric, How is everything going with you? I’m Li Hua, the chairman of the Students’ Union. I feel delighted to know you’re bringing a group of high school students to our school to learn about China’s traditional culture. Our arrangements are as follows. Firstly, we’ll start with a welcome meeting to introduce Chinese history and culture to them. Then they can learn Chinese calligraphy, paper-cutting and, most importantly, how to make dumplings and so on. If there are any other requirements, please do let me know. We hope to make the visit both educational and enjoyable. (80) Looking forward to seeing you all! Yours, Li Hua Possible version 2 Dear Eric, How is everything going with you? I’m Li Hua the chairman of the Students’ Union. I feel so delighted to know you’re bringing a group of high school students to our school to learn about China’s traditional culture. We’ve planned some interesting activities for them, which are as follows. Firstly, we’ll kick off with a welcome meeting where we’ll give them a brief introduction to Chinese history and culture. Throughout the week that follows, not only will we arrange the activities such as learning Chinese calligraphy, having a try at paper-cutting and so on, but we will also show them how to make dumplings. If there are any specific preferences or needs, please do let me know. It is our hope that is to make the visit both educational and enjoyable for all. (118) Looking forward to seeing you all! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。考生的外教Eric打算率本国高中生交流团来你校了解学习中国传统文化。请你给外教写一封英文邮件。 【详解】（范文2） 1.词汇积累 高兴的：delighted→pleased 传统的：traditional→conventional 简短的：brief→short 希望：hope→expectation 2.句式拓展 变化句式 原句：Throughout the week that follows, not only will we arrange the activities such as learning Chinese calligraphy, having a try at paper-cutting and so on, but we will also show them how to make dumplings. 拓展句：It is throughout the week that follows that not only will we arrange the activities such as learning Chinese calligraphy, having a try at paper-cutting and so on, but we will also show them how to make dumplings. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We’ve planned some interesting activities for them, which are as follows.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】If there are any specific preferences or needs, please do let me know.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写词数应为150左右。 Tionae Thomas couldn’t be prouder of her 14-year-old daughter. Plenty of people overlooked a boy sitting alone under a tree in a shopping center parking lot. But not Tionae’s daughter. The 14-year-old girl stepped in to help the stranded(滞留) boy. And the Internet is applauding this girl for her kindness! Tionae and her daughter were on the way home. But as they passed a shopping center, Tionae’s daughter begged her to pull over. She’d noticed a boy who looked like he was most likely in elementary school. He sat all alone under a tree in a small island within the parking lot. “It’s too hot, mama,” the girl told her mom. So, Tionae pulled over and her daughter got out, asking the stranded boy where his parents were. But the boy didn’t know. The kind girl let the stranded boy use her cell phone to give his dad a call. Then she suggested he move from his spot under the tree to the front of a nearby Rite Aid. She told him it would be safer. At the same time, the girl left him her phone number and told him that he could call her if necessary. Getting back into the car with her mom, the girl asked to wait to make sure the stranded boy got picked up. She hated the idea of leaving him alone. And because of the warmer temperatures, she wanted to get him some water. Plenty of others must have noticed the boy. Maybe they left him alone because they didn’t want to disturb or scare him. Maybe they just thought someone else would do something. But Tionae’s daughter was the only one to step in and help. Para 1: Two days later, the girl received the boy’s call. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2: And Tionae couldn’t help but brag(自夸) on her sweet girl, posting the whole story on Facebook. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Two days later, the girl received the boy’s call. He thanked her sincerely for her kindness and explained he had been waiting there for a long time that day and that his parents had been delayed due to a car breakdown, for which his parents felt so sorry. Touched by her kindness, the boy’s parents also called to express their gratitude and admiration for her and her mother. They were grateful that she had taken the time to ensure their son’s safety and comfort. And Tionae couldn’t help but brag(自夸) on her sweet girl, posting the whole story on Facebook. Soon, someone shared the post and it soon went viral. People, including friends, family and even strangers, praised her for her empathy, bravery, and willingness to help a stranger in need. Her selfless acts served as a reminder that small acts of kindness can really make a significant difference to someone’s life. Inspired by her daughter’s actions, Tionae decided to organize events in the community to encourage people to help the needy at any time. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Tionae Thomas的女儿帮助了一个被滞留的男孩，有很多人注意到了这个男孩。也许他们让他一个人呆着是因为他们不想打扰或吓唬他。也许他们只是觉得别人会做点什么。但Tionae的女儿是唯一一个站出来帮忙的人。男孩的父母时候打来电话表示感谢，而Tionae把事情发布到了网上，女儿得到了大家的称赞。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“两天后，女孩接到了男孩的电话”可知，第一段可描写男孩的父母打电话感谢。 ②由第二段首句内容“而Tionae忍不住要夸耀她可爱的女儿，并把整个故事发到了Facebook上”可知，第二段可描写女儿得到了大家的称赞以及故事带来的感悟。 2.续写线索：接到电话——解释缘由——表示感谢——分享故事——得到称赞——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①决定：decide to do sth/determine to do sth ②表达：express /extend ③解释：explain/illustrate 情绪类 ①打动：touched/moved ②感谢：grateful /thankful 【点睛】[高分句型1] He thanked her sincerely for her kindness and explained he had been waiting there for a long time that day and that his parents had been delayed due to a car breakdown, for which his parents felt so sorry. (运用了介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句和that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Inspired by her daughter’s actions, Tionae decided to organize events in the community to encourage people to help the needy at any time. (运用了过去分词作状语) 1-5CABCA 6-10CBABC 11-15BCBAB 16-20ACAAC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$