精品解析：2024届北京市西城区高三下学期二模考试英语试题

2024北京西城高三二模 英语 2024.5 本试卷共14页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 You may have heard of the famous workplace communication software, Slack. Many companies use Slack to virtually communicate across teams. What most people don’t know is that Slack, despite its ____1____, was never meant to exist. In fact, the company who developed Slack actually had been hoping to create the next popular video game. But after raising millions of dollars to fund the game development, the company ultimately ____2____ the project because the game failed to attract enough users. The ____3____ goal of the company wasn’t achieved. However, during the process of creating their game, something else happened. The team realized that the ____4____ system they created to accompany the game was worth investing more time in. And they ____5____ to invent the communication system idea for one of the fastest-growing startups (初创公司) in history, and Slack was born. An outcome-focused company might have just moved on from the failed video game or, worse, continued investing resources, risking further negative outcomes. But ____6____, this company didn’t do that. ____7____, they had been paying attention to the process. Focusing on the process allowed this company to ____8____ and redefine their desired outcome. You’ve probably heard a quote or two in your life about the ____9____ of “the journey”—how often the journey is more significant and impactful than the _____10_____. The company that developed Slack understood this principle and by focusing on the process rather than the outcome, they were able to achieve greater success than they first had hoped for. 1. A. problem B. history C. success D. limitation 2 A. took down B. shut down C. cut down D. passed down 3. A. immediate B. general C. real D. initial 4. A. chat B. sign C. control D. power 5. A. intended B. managed C. pretended D. promised 6. A. luckily B. naturally C. likely D. hopefully 7. A. Therefore B. Still C. Thus D. Instead 8. A. predict B. achieve C. adapt D. watch 9. A. origin B. challenge C. importance D. purpose 10. A. distance B. destination C. determination D. direction 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In 2022, to preserve China’s wetlands, a law ____11____ (introduce) to restrict construction and prohibit harmful ____12____ (activity) such as overgrazing, overharvesting, and wastewater discharge in important national wetlands. Since the implementation (实施) of these measures, there ____13____ (be) an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nation’s wetlands. In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake. Black-faced spoonbills, ____14____ rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched ____15____ years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key ____16____ (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, ____17____ they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Booking a flight-free holiday is effortless with Byway Travel. ____18____ (found) in 2020 by Cat Jones, a non-car owner whose family vacations annually by train and bike, Byway is the world’s first travel agent that offers 100% flight-free trips. The company excels in integrating the journey into the adventure itself, ____19____ (ensure) travelers discover the interesting places they would otherwise miss by flying over them. Presently, Byway specializes in flight-free excursions from the UK to Europe, with plans to expand its flight-free travel offerings ____20____ (global) in the future. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Museum Tours There are many ways to visit SAAM and the Renwick Gallery and they’re all free! Gallery Tours for All Ages  Group Tours Group tours are available by request for adult groups of eight or more. Choose from a variety of themes, including current special exhibitions. Request 3 to 4 weeks in advance.  Walk-in Tours Walk-in tours are sometimes available. Check with the Information Desk when you arrive. If a walk-in tour is scheduled for that day: SAAM walk-in tours start at 12:30 to 1:30 p.m. and 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. every day of the week and 4:00 to 5:00 p.m. Thursday through Sunday. Renwick walk-in tours start at 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. every day except Sunday. There are no tours on Sundays.  Self-guided Tours Self-guided tours using your smartphone are available throughout SAAM. Scan the QR codes to bring lots of information to your fingertips! Access Programs Free tours are available online and in our galleries at SAAM or the Renwick Gallery: –in American Sign Language (ASL); –for people with low vision; –for people with mental disorders and their care partners. There is no minimum group size for Access tours. School Tours We welcome learners of all abilities and from all settings. School tours at SAAM and the Renwick Gallery are: –for kindergarten through college; –in line with national curriculum standards; –interactive and interdisciplinary. School tours last 60 minutes Want more time in the galleries? Ask about additional activities. Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance. Virtual Programs  Online School Tours: –for 3rd grade through 12th grade; –in line with national curriculum standards; –40 to 60 minutes long. Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.  Online Adult Tours: –available by request; –45 to 60 minutes long; –focus on a variety of themes, including highlights and special exhibitions; –interactive and conversational. Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance. 21. If you want to take a walk-in tour, you can visit the SAAM Gallery at ______. A. 12:00 pm on Monday B. 4:30 pm on Wednesday C 1:00 pm on Sunday D. 3:30 pm on Tuesday 22. What do we know about the Access Programs? A. Tours are available in English only. B. There is a minimum group size of 8 for Access tours. C. People with mental illness can visit the galleries with their care partners. D. People with poor sight cannot have access to the free tours in the galleries. 23. From the passage, we can know ______. A. SAAM and the Renwick Gallery offer paid tours for adult groups B. school tours are consistent with educational curriculum standards C. requests for online tours should be made at least 3 weeks in advance D. visitors can use smartphones to enjoy self-guided tours in Renwick Gallery B In the state of Georgia, one farmer has made it his mission not only to feed the hungry but to help them grow their own food in their own backyard. “My main goal is to make sure that underserved communities that have been excluded or overlooked have access to locally grown food,” said Bobby Wilson, who operates the nonprofit Metro Atlanta Urban Farm. Since 2009, Wilson has taught thousands of people how to plant and grow their own vegetables and prepare meals with them, including onions, garlic, cucumbers, tomatoes, collard greens, squash, and eggplant. “Not only can you learn from my 35 years of doing this type of work,” Wilson said, “but you can learn from our community gardeners who are growing food in a natural way.” Wilson, the first college graduate in his family, worked with the University of Georgia for more than 20 years, bringing gardening education and programs to public housing complexes, schools and churches throughout Metro Atlanta. Through his work, he saw a great need for fresh, healthy food in low-income urban communities. When he retired in 2009, he used a portion of his retirement savings to purchase the farm and help fill the gap. “I saw the need,” Wilson said. “Plus, when you retire, you should do something you really enjoy.” He estimates with the rising price of food, people could save thousands yearly by growing their own fruits and vegetables. He also points out the health benefits that fresh produce brings. Millions of households in the US are struggling to feed their families. And this is what motivates Wilson’s efforts. “When small and disadvantaged farmers didn’t have the avenue to get rid of that produce because people were not coming out to buy, we had an opportunity to help keep them alive,” Wilson said. “We were buying food from African American farmers who did not have outlets and giving it away.” Wilson continues to offer free food to those in need at a drive-through giveaway every week, where families can secure healthy produce. Over the years, Wilson says he has hosted a lot of students in grades K-12 for farm tours and agricultural S.T.E.M. field trips. He works with farmers and gardeners of all ages and skill levels, from preschoolers to seniors, to provide education and access to affordable produce. “We’re more than just a farm,” he said. “We’re about justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, because at the end of the day, I want my grandchildren to have it better than what I have it today.” 24. Wilson started the Metro Atlanta Urban Farm mainly to ______. A. make a living B. pursue his career C. promote health awareness D. help the communities 25. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. Wilson’s farm has been around for over 30 years B. Wilson undertakes some educational initiatives at the farm C. some small and disadvantaged farmers joined Wilson’s farm D. thousands of students have attended Wilson’s classes on farming 26. What does Wilson think of his farm? A. Underestimated. B. Unexpected. C. Imperfect. D. Promising. C When people hear “artificial intelligence,” many envision “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem. Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and projected progress in scientific research across “small data” approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attention. Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records. Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that models need to “generalize” beyond their training data. Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available. Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy. Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions. 27. What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Promote. B. Seek. C. Track. D. Monitor. 28. In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied? A. Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest. B. Designing a program that can read handwritten documents. C. Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness. D. Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location. 29. What is the writer’s attitude towards transfer learning? A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Unconcerned. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit? B. Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI C. Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D. Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI? D Can you imagine getting a major dental procedure without novocaine (一种麻醉药)? A scientist colleague of mine recently told me, rather than use it, he used a “focus in” meditation (冥想) technique to direct all of his attention to his mouth with as much calming equanimity as he could gather. Doing so transformed the pain for a few minutes. A stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance. In addition, all of us can gain from finding ways to cope with stress and suffering — particularly when larger circumstances are beyond our control. As a researcher who has studied meditation for more than 20 years, I believe that the cultivation of equanimity can help. It’s important to first define the idea of turning toward discomfort. I’m not advocating for people to put themselves in dangerous positions. But when we push ourselves into challenging or embarrassing situations, much like trainers who push athletes just past their comfort zone to make gains, learning often happens. My own research indicates that meditation provides an ideal way to practice turning toward discomfort — particularly when it trains up one’s equanimity. In my laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University, we conducted several clinical trials on developing equanimity during mindfulness meditation training. This approach includes guided meditation exercises such as using a matter-of-fact voice to label uncomfortable feelings in the body or welcoming uncomfortable feelings by saying “yes” aloud each time a feeling is detected. We hired 153 stressed adults and offered them a mindfulness meditation training program with or without training in equanimity. Our equanimity skills training group had significantly better outcomes on several measures. After just 14 days of training, for example, the participants who learned equanimity skills had significantly lower biological stress responses when asked to deliver a difficult speech and solve math problems in front of experts in white lab coats. This group also had significantly lower blood pressure and stress levels. In the days after training, people introduced to equanimity exercises also reported significantly higher positive emotions and well-being throughout the day and more meaningful social interactions than participants who received mindfulness training without the equanimity component. It was as though developing equanimity had transformed their emotional reactivity to stress, helping them better appreciate and enjoy daily life’s many little positive experiences and making them more curious and open to connecting with others. We are expanding on this work in several ways—including through the development of an app that offers equanimity training on demand and with trials involving participants with stress-related gastrointestinal (胃肠的) disorders. Meanwhile other scientists are further exploring equanimity’s power. We are convinced we can each build our resilience (恢复力) on a personal level by cultivating greater acceptance of our experience — good or bad, painful or pleasant — in the present moment. 31. What can be learned about equanimity? A. It is a state of mental calmness. B. It is a form of negative emotions. C. It is a replacement for novocaine. D. It is the result of mindfulness meditation. 32. Which of the following is a good example of equanimity training? A. Ignoring discomfort totally. B. Detecting unusual behavior. C. Keeping emotions to oneself. D. Seeing negative feelings objectively. 33. Paragraph 5 is written to show ______. A. the benefits of developing equanimity B. the procedure of mindfulness meditation C. the performances of two meditation training groups D. the relationship between equanimity and well-being 34. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Stress contributes to physical disorders. B. Pleasant experiences result in greater equanimity. C. People are likely to have easy access to equanimity training. D. Resilience can help people gain more acceptance of hardship. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Want to write better? There’s a new book that says simple writing is best. Do you check your text messages before sending? ____35____ If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect. This book argues that it’s important to write carefully, even for quick messages. Todd Rogers and Jessica Lasky Fink, from Harvard, wrote “Writing For Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyone’s busy today. People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts. ____36____ Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone. The authors share good writing tips like cutting unnecessary words and using simple words everyone knows. They say it’s important to keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is more. For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%). ____37____ The same is true for text messages. In another test, they sent a short message asking parents to take a survey. It got more responses than a longer, more sympathetic one. Sometimes, being short and clear works better than being kind but ignored. It’s not just what you say, but how quickly you say it that matters. It’s not just about word count. ____38____ Reducing the number of options has the same effect. Short, active sentences with common words are best. From posts to online reviews, following these rules gets more likes and shares. Serious writers should pay attention too. A study found that companies using long sentences and complicated words were seen as less moral and trustworthy. ____39____ It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all. A. If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer too. B. They can also get puzzled by social media platforms. C. If you do, you probably like making even the simplest messages perfect. D. They found that longer messages make people think the task will take longer. E. Keeping messages to one idea, or as few as possible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted on. F. Your goal is to convey enough passion that your readers think the issue in your message is worth caring about. G. Explaining the thinking behind your messages will allow readers to see that you know what you’re talking about. 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Four Colombian children survived a plane crash only to be lost deep in the Amazon rainforest for well over a month. This is how they survived this horrifying situation. It’s most people’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San José del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogota. While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive. 40. What made the plane on which they were flying crash? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why did it take the army so long to find the children after the accident? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What lesson can you learn from the story? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是郑州外国语学校高三学生李华，临近毕业，你们班的英语老师请每位同学给新高一学弟学妹写封英文邮件，邮件内容包括： 1. 你的建议； 2. 你的祝愿。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024北京西城高三二模 英语 2024.5 本试卷共14页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 You may have heard of the famous workplace communication software, Slack. Many companies use Slack to virtually communicate across teams. What most people don’t know is that Slack, despite its ____1____, was never meant to exist. In fact, the company who developed Slack actually had been hoping to create the next popular video game. But after raising millions of dollars to fund the game development, the company ultimately ____2____ the project because the game failed to attract enough users. The ____3____ goal of the company wasn’t achieved. However, during the process of creating their game, something else happened. The team realized that the ____4____ system they created to accompany the game was worth investing more time in. And they ____5____ to invent the communication system idea for one of the fastest-growing startups (初创公司) in history, and Slack was born. An outcome-focused company might have just moved on from the failed video game or, worse, continued investing resources, risking further negative outcomes. But ____6____, this company didn’t do that. ____7____, they had been paying attention to the process. Focusing on the process allowed this company to ____8____ and redefine their desired outcome. You’ve probably heard a quote or two in your life about the ____9____ of “the journey”—how often the journey is more significant and impactful than the _____10_____. The company that developed Slack understood this principle, and by focusing on the process rather than the outcome, they were able to achieve greater success than they first had hoped for. 1. A. problem B. history C. success D. limitation 2. A. took down B. shut down C. cut down D. passed down 3. A. immediate B. general C. real D. initial 4. A. chat B. sign C. control D. power 5. A. intended B. managed C. pretended D. promised 6. A. luckily B. naturally C. likely D. hopefully 7. A. Therefore B. Still C. Thus D. Instead 8. A. predict B. achieve C. adapt D. watch 9. A. origin B. challenge C. importance D. purpose 10. A. distance B. destination C. determination D. direction 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了职场沟通软件Slack的被创造的过程。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人不知道的是，尽管Slack取得了成功，但它根本就不应该存在。A. problem问题；B. history历史；C. success 成功；D. limitation 限制。根据上文“You may have heard of the famous workplace communication software, Slack. Many companies use Slack to virtually communicate across teams.”可知，Slack取得了成功。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但在筹集了数百万美元用于游戏开发后，该公司最终关闭了该项目，因为游戏未能吸引到足够的用户。A. took down记下；B. shut down关闭；C. cut down砍到；D. passed down传递。根据下文“because the game failed to attract enough users.”可知，该公司最终关闭了该项目。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公司最初的目标没有实现。A. immediate立即的；B. general普遍的；C. real真的；D. initial开始的；最初的。根据上文“the company ultimately ____2____ the project because the game failed to attract enough users.”可知，最初的目标未实现。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队意识到他们为游戏创造的聊天系统值得投入更多时间。A. chat聊天；B. sign迹象；C. control控制；D. power权力。根据上文“famous workplace communication software”可知，为游戏创造的聊天系统值得投入更多时间。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们设法为历史上增长最快的初创公司之一发明了通信系统的想法，Slack就这样诞生了。A. intended打算；B. managed管理，设法；C. pretended假装；D. promised承诺。根据上文“The team realized that the ____4____ system they created to accompany the game was worth investing more time in.”可知，他们一直在设法致力于研发。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，这家公司没有这么做。A. luckily幸运地；B. naturally自然地；C. likely可能地；D. hopefully有希望地。根据下文“this company didn’t do that.”可知，幸运的是，这家公司没有这么做。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们一直在关注这个过程。A. Therefore因此；B. Still仍然；C. Thus因此； D. Instead而不是。根据下文“they had been paying attention to the process.”可知，相反，他们一直在关注这个过程。根据故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：专注于过程使这家公司能够适应并重新定义他们想要的结果。A. predict预测；B. achieve完成；C. adapt适应；D. watch看。根据下文“redefine their desired outcome.”可知，这家公司能够适应并重新定义他们想要的结果。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你的生活中，你可能听过一两句关于“过程”的重要性的话——过程往往比目的地更重要、更有影响力。A. origin起源；B. challenge挑战；C. importance重要性；D. purpose目的。根据下文“more significant”可知，“过程”很重要。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你的生活中，你可能听过一两句关于“过程”的重要性的话——过程往往比目的地更重要、更有影响力。A. distance距离；B. destination目的地；C. determination决心；D. direction方向。原目标是开发游戏，但是最终结果却失败了，但却专注于过程，结果职场沟通软件Slack就这么诞生了，所以过程往往比目的地更重要、更有影响力。故选B项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In 2022, to preserve China’s wetlands, a law ____11____ (introduce) to restrict construction and prohibit harmful ____12____ (activity) such as overgrazing, overharvesting, and wastewater discharge in important national wetlands. Since the implementation (实施) of these measures, there ____13____ (be) an increase in the number of birds observed wintering in the nation’s wetlands. In February, the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of waterbirds that spent the previous winter at Dongting Lake. Black-faced spoonbills, ____14____ rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dongting after a five-year absence. 【答案】11. was introduced 12. activities 13. has been 14. a 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要介绍了中国湿地保护的立法措施及其对湿地鸟类保护带来的积极影响。 【11题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：2022年，为了保护湿地，中国出台了一项法律，限制在国家重要湿地建设，禁止过度放牧、过度采伐、排放废水等有害活动。根据“In 2022”可知，用一般过去时态，“a law”为单数意义并承受谓语动词introduce的动作，则此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was introduced。 【12题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：2022年，为了保护湿地，中国出台了一项法律，限制在国家重要湿地建设，禁止过度放牧、过度采伐、排放废水等有害活动。activity是可数名词，前面没有表示单数意义的限定词，则它需要变复数表示“泛指”，故填activities。 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自实施这些措施以来，在全国湿地越冬的鸟类数量有所增加。根据状语“Since the implementation of these measures”可知，谓语动词应该使用现在完成时，主语“an increase”为单数意义，故填has been。 【14题详解】 考查冠词。句意：罕见的濒危物种黑脸琵鹭时隔5年再次出现在洞庭。此处species为可数名词单数形式，指“黑脸琵鹭”这一物种，应该用不定冠词，rare是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a，故填a。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched ____15____ years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key ____16____ (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, ____17____ they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. 【答案】15. for 16 to access 17 where 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人的记忆的存储的方式以及大脑是如何处理感觉信号。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：一个人的记忆就像一个有很多房间的大厅，有些房间经常去，有些房间多年未动。此处使用介词for+一段时间表示“长达……之久”，用作时间状语。故填for。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着年龄的增长，有时某些记忆的门会被锁住，需要一把特殊的钥匙才能进入。此处表示目的，需用不定式。故填to access。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当感觉输入刺激受体时，信号会沿着神经细胞发送到大脑，在那里进行处理和解释。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是the brain，定语从句缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where。故填where。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Booking a flight-free holiday is effortless with Byway Travel. ____18____ (found) in 2020 by Cat Jones, a non-car owner whose family vacations annually by train and bike, Byway is the world’s first travel agent that offers 100% flight-free trips. The company excels in integrating the journey into the adventure itself, ____19____ (ensure) travelers discover the interesting places they would otherwise miss by flying over them. Presently, Byway specializes in flight-free excursions from the UK to Europe, with plans to expand its flight-free travel offerings ____20____ (global) in the future. 【答案】18. Founded 19. ensuring 20. globally 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了Byway Trave的业务和历史。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：Byway是世界上第一家提供100%免机票旅行的旅行社，由Cat Jones于2020年创立，她没有汽车，每年全家都乘坐火车和自行车度假。空处为非谓语动词，Byway与found为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Founded。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：该公司擅长于将旅程融入冒险本身，确保旅行者发现他们原本会错过的有趣地方。空处为非谓语动词，ensure与上句为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填ensuring。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：目前，Byway专注于从英国到欧洲的免航班旅行，并计划在未来将其免航班旅行产品扩展到全球。副词globally作状语修饰动词。故填globally。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Museum Tours There are many ways to visit SAAM and the Renwick Gallery and they’re all free! Gallery Tours for All Ages  Group Tours Group tours are available by request for adult groups of eight or more. Choose from a variety of themes, including current special exhibitions. Request 3 to 4 weeks in advance.  Walk-in Tours Walk-in tours are sometimes available. Check with the Information Desk when you arrive. If a walk-in tour is scheduled for that day: SAAM walk-in tours start at 12:30 to 1:30 p.m. and 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. every day of the week and 4:00 to 5:00 p.m. Thursday through Sunday. Renwick walk-in tours start at 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. every day except Sunday. There are no tours on Sundays.  Self-guided Tours Self-guided tours using your smartphone are available throughout SAAM. Scan the QR codes to bring lots of information to your fingertips! Access Programs Free tours are available online and in our galleries at SAAM or the Renwick Gallery: –in American Sign Language (ASL); –for people with low vision; –for people with mental disorders and their care partners. There is no minimum group size for Access tours. School Tours We welcome learners of all abilities and from all settings. School tours at SAAM and the Renwick Gallery are: –for kindergarten through college; –in line with national curriculum standards; –interactive and interdisciplinary. School tours last 60 minutes. Want more time in the galleries? Ask about additional activities. Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance. Virtual Programs  Online School Tours: –for 3rd grade through 12th grade; –in line with national curriculum standards; –40 to 60 minutes long. Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance.  Online Adult Tours: –available by request; –45 to 60 minutes long; –focus on a variety of themes, including highlights and special exhibitions; –interactive and conversational. Request 4 to 6 weeks in advance. 21. If you want to take a walk-in tour, you can visit the SAAM Gallery at ______. A. 12:00 pm on Monday B. 4:30 pm on Wednesday C. 1:00 pm on Sunday D. 3:30 pm on Tuesday 22. What do we know about the Access Programs? A. Tours are available in English only. B. There is a minimum group size of 8 for Access tours. C. People with mental illness can visit the galleries with their care partners. D. People with poor sight cannot have access to the free tours in the galleries. 23. From the passage, we can know ______. A. SAAM and the Renwick Gallery offer paid tours for adult groups B. school tours are consistent with educational curriculum standards C. requests for online tours should be made at least 3 weeks in advance D. visitors can use smartphones to enjoy self-guided tours in Renwick Gallery 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了游览博物馆的几种方式。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Walk-in Tours部分中“SAAM walk-in tours start at 12:30 to 1:30 p.m. and 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. every day of the week and 4:00 to 5:00 p.m. Thursday through Sunday.(SAAM的参观时间为每天12:30至下午1:30，2:00至下午3:00，周四至周日4:00至下午5:00)”可知，如果想要未经预约的游览，可以在周日下午1:00参观SAAM画廊。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Access Programs部分中“for people with mental disorders and their care partners.(针对精神障碍患者及其护理伙伴)”可知，对于Access Programs，患有精神疾病人可以和他们的护理伙伴一起参观画廊。故选C。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据School Tours部分中“in line with national curriculum standards(符合国家课程标准)”可知，学校参观符合教育课程标准。故选B。 B In the state of Georgia, one farmer has made it his mission not only to feed the hungry but to help them grow their own food in their own backyard. “My main goal is to make sure that underserved communities that have been excluded or overlooked have access to locally grown food,” said Bobby Wilson, who operates the nonprofit Metro Atlanta Urban Farm. Since 2009, Wilson has taught thousands of people how to plant and grow their own vegetables and prepare meals with them, including onions, garlic, cucumbers, tomatoes, collard greens, squash, and eggplant. “Not only can you learn from my 35 years of doing this type of work,” Wilson said, “but you can learn from our community gardeners who are growing food in a natural way.” Wilson, the first college graduate in his family, worked with the University of Georgia for more than 20 years, bringing gardening education and programs to public housing complexes, schools and churches throughout Metro Atlanta. Through his work, he saw a great need for fresh, healthy food in low-income urban communities. When he retired in 2009, he used a portion of his retirement savings to purchase the farm and help fill the gap. “I saw the need,” Wilson said. “Plus, when you retire, you should do something you really enjoy.” He estimates with the rising price of food, people could save thousands yearly by growing their own fruits and vegetables. He also points out the health benefits that fresh produce brings. Millions of households in the US are struggling to feed their families. And this is what motivates Wilson’s efforts. “When small and disadvantaged farmers didn’t have the avenue to get rid of that produce because people were not coming out to buy, we had an opportunity to help keep them alive,” Wilson said. “We were buying food from African American farmers who did not have outlets and giving it away.” Wilson continues to offer free food to those in need at a drive-through giveaway every week, where families can secure healthy produce. Over the years, Wilson says he has hosted a lot of students in grades K-12 for farm tours and agricultural S.T.E.M. field trips. He works with farmers and gardeners of all ages and skill levels, from preschoolers to seniors, to provide education and access to affordable produce. “We’re more than just a farm,” he said. “We’re about justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, because at the end of the day, I want my grandchildren to have it better than what I have it today.” 24. Wilson started the Metro Atlanta Urban Farm mainly to ______. A. make a living B. pursue his career C. promote health awareness D. help the communities 25. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. Wilson’s farm has been around for over 30 years B. Wilson undertakes some educational initiatives at the farm C. some small and disadvantaged farmers joined Wilson’s farm D. thousands of students have attended Wilson’s classes on farming 26. What does Wilson think of his farm? A Underestimated. B. Unexpected. C. Imperfect. D. Promising. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了数以百万计的美国家庭正在为养家糊口而苦苦挣扎，而经营着一家非盈利的亚特兰大都市农场的Bobby Wilson正努力帮助住在附近的许多个家庭和农民。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“My main goal is to make sure that underserved communities that have been excluded or overlooked have access to locally grown food(我的主要目标是确保那些被排斥或忽视的服务不足的社区能够获得当地种植的食物)”可知，Wilson创办亚特兰大都市农场主要是为了帮助社区，故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He works with farmers and gardeners of all ages and skill levels, from preschoolers to seniors, to provide education and access to affordable produce.(与所有年龄和技能水平的农民和园丁合作，从学龄前儿童到老年人，提供教育和负担得起的农产品)”可知，Wilson在农场开展了一些教育活动。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re more than just a farm,” he said. “We’re about justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, because at the end of the day, I want my grandchildren to have it better than what I have it today.”(“我们不仅仅是一个农场，”他说。“我们关注的是正义、公平、多样性和包容性，因为最终，我希望我的孙子们能比我今天过得更好。”)”可知，Wilson认为他的农场很有前途，故选D。 C When people hear “artificial intelligence,” many envision “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem. Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and projected progress in scientific research across “small data” approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attention. Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records. Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that models need to “generalize” beyond their training data. Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available. Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy. Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions. 27. What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Promote. B. Seek. C. Track. D. Monitor. 28. In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied? A. Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest. B. Designing a program that can read handwritten documents. C. Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness. D. Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location. 29. What is the writer’s attitude towards transfer learning? A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Unconcerned. 30. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit? B. Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI C. Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D. Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI? 【答案】27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B 【解析】 【导语】文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了小数据在人工智能领域的重要性，特别是转移学习的作用和价值。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段的“such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.”（例如预测罕见的自然灾害或预测没有数字健康记录的人群的疾病风险。）可知，通过使人工智能能够使用较少的数据，他们可以在几乎没有数据的领域推动进步。bolster在这里的意思是“推动”。故选A。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.”（像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集的方法有很多优势。人工智能能够使用较少的数据，他们可以在几乎没有数据的领域推动进步，例如预测罕见的自然灾害或预测没有数字健康记录的人群的疾病风险。）可推知，转移学习可以最好地应用于预测未知疾病感染人数的情况。故选C。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions.”（通过承认转移学习等小数据技术的成功，并分配资源支持其广泛使用，我们可以帮助克服关于数据在人工智能中的角色的一些常见误解，并促进新方向的创新。）可推知，作者对转移学习持乐观态度。故选B。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade”（ 但人工智能不仅仅是关于大数据集，在过去的十年里，对“小数据”方法的研究也得到了广泛的发展）可知，短文主要讲述了小数据在人工智能领域的重要性，特别是转移学习的作用和价值。故短文的标题为“小数据对于推进人工智能也至关重要”切题。故选B。 D Can you imagine getting a major dental procedure without novocaine (一种麻醉药)? A scientist colleague of mine recently told me, rather than use it, he used a “focus in” meditation (冥想) technique to direct all of his attention to his mouth with as much calming equanimity as he could gather. Doing so transformed the pain for a few minutes. A stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance. In addition, all of us can gain from finding ways to cope with stress and suffering — particularly when larger circumstances are beyond our control. As a researcher who has studied meditation for more than 20 years, I believe that the cultivation of equanimity can help. It’s important to first define the idea of turning toward discomfort. I’m not advocating for people to put themselves in dangerous positions. But when we push ourselves into challenging or embarrassing situations, much like trainers who push athletes just past their comfort zone to make gains, learning often happens. My own research indicates that meditation provides an ideal way to practice turning toward discomfort — particularly when it trains up one’s equanimity. In my laboratory at Carnegie Mellon University, we conducted several clinical trials on developing equanimity during mindfulness meditation training. This approach includes guided meditation exercises such as using a matter-of-fact voice to label uncomfortable feelings in the body or welcoming uncomfortable feelings by saying “yes” aloud each time a feeling is detected. We hired 153 stressed adults and offered them a mindfulness meditation training program with or without training in equanimity. Our equanimity skills training group had significantly better outcomes on several measures. After just 14 days of training, for example, the participants who learned equanimity skills had significantly lower biological stress responses when asked to deliver a difficult speech and solve math problems in front of experts in white lab coats. This group also had significantly lower blood pressure and stress levels. In the days after training, people introduced to equanimity exercises also reported significantly higher positive emotions and well-being throughout the day and more meaningful social interactions than participants who received mindfulness training without the equanimity component. It was as though developing equanimity had transformed their emotional reactivity to stress, helping them better appreciate and enjoy daily life’s many little positive experiences and making them more curious and open to connecting with others. We are expanding on this work in several ways—including through the development of an app that offers equanimity training on demand and with trials involving participants with stress-related gastrointestinal (胃肠的) disorders. Meanwhile other scientists are further exploring equanimity’s power. We are convinced we can each build our resilience (恢复力) on a personal level by cultivating greater acceptance of our experience — good or bad, painful or pleasant — in the present moment. 31. What can be learned about equanimity? A. It is a state of mental calmness. B. It is a form of negative emotions. C. It is a replacement for novocaine. D. It is the result of mindfulness meditation. 32. Which of the following is a good example of equanimity training? A. Ignoring discomfort totally. B. Detecting unusual behavior. C. Keeping emotions to oneself. D. Seeing negative feelings objectively. 33. Paragraph 5 is written to show ______. A. the benefits of developing equanimity B. the procedure of mindfulness meditation C. the performances of two meditation training groups D. the relationship between equanimity and well-being 34. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Stress contributes to physical disorders. B. Pleasant experiences result in greater equanimity. C. People are likely to have easy access to equanimity training. D. Resilience can help people gain more acceptance of hardship. 【答案】31. A 32. D 33. A 34. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过接受和正念冥想训练中的“平静”来应对不适和负面情绪的好处。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据首段中的“A scientist colleague of mine recently told me, rather than use it, he used a “focus in” meditation (冥想) technique to direct all of his attention to his mouth with as much calming equanimity as he could gather. Doing so transformed the pain for a few minutes. (我的一位科学家同事最近告诉我，他没有使用它，而是使用了一种“专注”冥想技术，将所有注意力集中在他的嘴巴上，尽可能地平静下来。这样做可以缓解几分钟的疼痛。)”可知，通过“专注”冥想技术尽可能让人平静下来，这样可以缓解几分钟的疼痛，结合第二段中的“A stream of scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning toward discomfort or negative emotions with acceptance. (一系列科学文章表明，用接纳的态度来对待不舒服或负面情绪是有好处的。)”可知，用接纳的态度对待不适或负面情绪是有好处的，由此可知，“平静”其实是一种精神上的平静状态，是以接纳的心态来对待不适或负面情绪。故选A项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’s important to first define the idea of turning toward discomfort. I’m not advocating for people to put themselves in dangerous positions. (重要的是要首先定义转向不适的概念。我不是在提倡人们把自己置于危险的境地。)”可知，首先定义这种转向不适的概念是很重要的，结合第四段中的“This approach includes guided meditation exercises such as using a matter-of-fact voice to label uncomfortable feelings in the body or welcoming uncomfortable feelings by saying “yes” aloud each time a feeling is detected. (这种方法包括引导冥想练习，比如用一种实事求是的声音来标记身体里不舒服的感觉，或者在每次发现不舒服的感觉时大声说“是”来欢迎不舒服的感觉。)”可知，训练这种“平静”需要实事求是地记住身体不适的感觉，或者发现不适时大声说“是”来欢迎这种不适，由此可知，客观地看待消极情绪是训练平静的好例子。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“We hired 153 stressed adults and offered them a mindfulness meditation training program with or without training in equanimity. Our equanimity skills training group had significantly better outcomes on several measures. (我们雇佣了153名压力大的成年人，为他们提供了一个正念冥想训练项目，有或没有接受过平静训练。我们的平静技能训练组在几个方面有明显更好的结果。)”以及下文中列举的平津训练给压力大的人带来的好处可知，本段主要为了表明平静技能训练给压力大的人带来的好处。故选A项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“We are expanding on this work in several ways—including through the development of an app that offers equanimity training on demand and with trials involving participants with stress-related gastrointestinal (胃肠的) disorders. Meanwhile other scientists are further exploring equanimity’s power. (我们正在以多种方式扩展这项工作，包括开发一款应用程序，根据需要提供平静训练，并对患有压力相关胃肠道疾病的参与者进行试验。与此同时，其他科学家正在进一步探索平静的力量。)”可知，目前正在以多种方式开展这项平静训练工作，其它科学家也在进一步探索平静的力量，由此可知，人们可能更容易获得平静训练。故选C项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Want to write better? There’s a new book that says simple writing is best. Do you check your text messages before sending? ____35____ If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect. This book argues that it’s important to write carefully, even for quick messages. Todd Rogers and Jessica Lasky Fink, from Harvard, wrote “Writing For Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyone’s busy today. People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts. ____36____ Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone. The authors share good writing tips, like cutting unnecessary words and using simple words everyone knows. They say it’s important to keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is more. For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%). ____37____ The same is true for text messages. In another test, they sent a short message asking parents to take a survey. It got more responses than a longer, more sympathetic one. Sometimes, being short and clear works better than being kind but ignored. It’s not just what you say, but how quickly you say it that matters. It’s not just about word count. ____38____ Reducing the number of options has the same effect. Short, active sentences with common words are best. From posts to online reviews, following these rules gets more likes and shares. Serious writers should pay attention too. A study found that companies using long sentences and complicated words were seen as less moral and trustworthy. ____39____ It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all. A. If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer too. B. They can also get puzzled by social media platforms. C. If you do, you probably like making even the simplest messages perfect. D. They found that longer messages make people think the task will take longer. E. Keeping messages to one idea, or as few as possible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted on. F. Your goal is to convey enough passion that your readers think the issue in your message is worth caring about. G. Explaining the thinking behind your messages will allow readers to see that you know what you’re talking about. 【答案】35. C 36. B 37. D 38. E 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一本关于如何更好地写作的书。 【35题详解】 上文“Do you check your text messages before sending?(你发短信前检查过吗？)”提出一个问题：你发短信前检查过吗？结合下文“If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect.(如果不，你可能更喜欢快速完成任务，即使它们并不完美)”可知，空处是描述肯定的情况，C项“如果你检查，你可能喜欢把最简单的信息变得完美”符合语境，故选C。 【36题详解】 上文“People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts.(人们每天都会收到很多信息，从电子邮件到短信)”提到，人们每天都会收到很多信息，结合下文“Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone.(几乎每个人每天都会多次决定要读什么、略读什么或忽略什么)”可知，人们会对社交媒体平台收到的很多信息感到困惑，B项“他们也会对社交媒体平台感到困惑”符合语境，故选B。 【37题详解】 根据上文“For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%).(例如，他们给数千名学校董事会成员发了一封电子邮件，要求他们参加一项调查。他们把邮件缩短了，从127个单词缩短到49个单词，得到了两倍的回复(从2.7%增加到4.8%))”可知，缩短邮件得到了两倍的回复，D项“他们发现，较长的信息会让人们认为完成任务需要更长的时间”对上文进一步阐释，故选D。 【38题详解】 根据上文“It’s not just about word count.(这不仅仅是字数的问题)”和下文“Reducing the number of options has the same effect.(减少选项的数量也有同样的效果)”可知，本段是描述缩短邮件得到更多回复的原因，E项“将信息集中在一个想法上，或者尽可能少，有助于确保它们被阅读、记住并采取行动”符合语境，故选E。 【39题详解】 空处是段首主题句，根据下文“It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all.(快速发送信息并寄希望于最好的结果可能是诱人的。但是花时间为读者写作是有好处的。如果你发送了一条匆忙的信息，而读者却忽略了它，那就好像你根本没有发送它一样)”可知，本段是说要花点时间写信息，匆忙的信息得不到好的效果，A项“如果每个人都是忙碌的读者，那么每个人也都是忙碌的作家”适合作为本段主题句，故选A。 第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Four Colombian children survived a plane crash only to be lost deep in the Amazon rainforest for well over a month. This is how they survived this horrifying situation. It’s most people’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash only to be trapped in a jungle with no way of contacting the outside world. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and four, as well as an 11-month-old baby, were flying with their mother from their village in the Amazon to visit their father in San José del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023. Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. How did these children survive conditions that would be an unimaginable struggle for most adults? They are members of the Huitoto Indigenous group and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding of the rainforest. They know which fruits are safe to eat and which plants should be avoided. Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. While the children got on with the business of surviving, the Colombian army worked with Indigenous volunteers to find them. After 40 days of searching, the children were found and taken to recover at a military hospital in Bogota. While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive. 40. What made the plane on which they were flying crash? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why did it take the army so long to find the children after the accident? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.  The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. What lesson can you learn from the story? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Engine problems. 41. Because the weather was bad. 42. The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. According to the passage, the children survived because they worked with the Amazon forest and survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. 43. The story highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and respect for the environment. It emphasizes the value of indigenous wisdom and their deep understanding of nature, showcasing how this knowledge can be crucial for survival in challenging situations. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四名哥伦比亚儿童在亚马逊失事后幸存超过一个月，靠着他们土著背景和对雨林的熟悉生存下来。他们知道如何在丛林中找到食物，并且与亚马逊和谐相处。经过40天的搜救，他们被发现并送往医院康复。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The single-engine Cessna on which they were flying experienced engine problems and disappeared on May 1, 2023.(他们乘坐的单引擎塞斯纳飞机在2023年5月1日出现了发动机问题，随后消失了。)”可知，他们乘坐的飞机坠毁了是因为引擎出了问题。故答案为Engine problems. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Bad weather prevented the army from finding the crash site for two weeks, where they then found the dead bodies of three adults, including the children’s mother. (恶劣的天气使军队在两周内无法找到坠机地点，后来他们在那里发现了三具成年人的尸体，其中包括孩子们的母亲。)”可知，事故发生后军队花了很长时间才找到孩子们是因为恶劣的天气。故答案为Because the weather was bad. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Working with, rather than against, the Amazon, they survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane.(他们与亚马逊合作，而不是对抗亚马逊，他们靠水果和种子生存，同时给婴儿喂食他们在飞机上找到的混合了丝兰粉的水。)”可知，孩子们幸存下来不是因为他们与雨林作斗争，而是因为他们利用了对雨林的深入了解。他们知道哪些水果可以安全食用，哪些植物应该避免食用，利用雨林的资源而不是与之对抗，因此错误的部分为“fighting against(对抗亚马逊雨林)”，故答案为The children survived the horrifying situation by fighting against the Amazon rainforest. According to the passage, the children survived because they worked with the Amazon forest and survived on fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flour that they found on the plane. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“While many around the world have taken this survival story to be a miracle, others point out that it is the result of an ancient and intimate knowledge of the rainforest that has been passed down through Indigenous communities over the generations. Indigenous tribes have a close relationship to the Amazon, marked by a deep respect for the forest that provides them with shelter and nutritious ingredients. It is their close connection to and understanding of the rainforest that undoubtedly helped the children to survive.(虽然世界上许多人都认为这个幸存的故事是一个奇迹，但也有人指出，这是土著社区世代相传的古老而亲密的热带雨林知识的结果。土著部落与亚马逊有着密切的关系，他们深深尊重为他们提供住所和营养成分的森林。毫无疑问，正是他们与雨林的密切联系和对雨林的了解帮助了孩子们的生存。)”可知，这个故事强调了传统知识和尊重环境的重要性。它强调了土著智慧的价值和他们对自然的深刻理解，展示了这些知识如何对在充满挑战的情况下生存至关重要，故答案为The story highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and respect for the environment. It emphasizes the value of indigenous wisdom and their deep understanding of nature, showcasing how this knowledge can be crucial for survival in challenging situations. 第二节(20分) 44. 假设你是郑州外国语学校高三学生李华，临近毕业，你们班的英语老师请每位同学给新高一学弟学妹写封英文邮件，邮件内容包括： 1. 你的建议； 2. 你的祝愿。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear fellow students ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear fellow students, Congratulations on becoming a part of our wonderful school community. At the request of our English teacher, I’m reaching out to offer you some advice on navigating your time here. First, treasure every moment spent with your teachers and classmates. Your time here will pass quickly, so seize the opportunity to forge meaningful and lasting connections. Secondly, let go of your past achievements or failures. Instead, focus on the tasks at hand. It is the dedication and effort you invest now that will shape your future. Finally, explore what truly sparks your passion. Take English learning for instance. Whether it’s watching movies or reading novels, try to find what genuinely motivates you. Wishing you all a fulfilling and rewarding journey ahead filled with joy, growth, and success. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写出对高一学弟学妹各方面的建议，最后表达美好的祝愿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 珍视：treasure→cherish 抓住：seize → grasp/catch hold of 专注于：focus on→concentrate on 以……为例：take sth. for instance→take sth. for example 2.句式拓展 宾语从句变定语从句 原句：Whether it’s watching movies or reading novels, try to find what genuinely motivates you. 拓展句：Whether it’s watching movies or reading novels, try to find something that genuinely motivates you. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It is the dedication and effort you invest now that will shape your future.（运用了强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分） 【高分句型2】Finally, explore what truly sparks your passion.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$