专题04 方位介词和不定代词-【暑假自学课】2024年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(牛津译林版)

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专题04 方位介词和不定代词 目录 考点聚焦:核心考点+中考考点,有的放矢 重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺 难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升 学以致用:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破 核心考点聚焦 1、表示地点的方位介词。 2、不定代词。 一、方位介词的用法: 表示地点的介词 1)at, in, on at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 2) over, above, on over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如: There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds.  They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk. 3)表示方位的in /on / to in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)  Tanwan is _in___ the southeast of China . on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)  Hubei is __on__ the north of Hunan . to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)  Japan is __to___ the east of China . 4) in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如: There are some tall trees in front of the building. The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 5)across / through / over / by 经过 across 指横穿,穿过. 表示从......表面上经过. through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过. over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触. by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过. Can you swim across the river ? The elephant is so big that it can’ t go through the gate . I don’ t think anyone can jump over the fence. I walked by the bank of China yesterday .     二、不定代词的用法: 初中常见的不定代词 (1)表示不同范围 含义 范围 都 都不 任何一个 每一 两者 both neither Either each 三者以上 all None any Every (2)表示肯定或否定 表肯定 both, all, each, every, a little, a few 表否定 neither, none, any, on one, little, few 2.常考的几组易错不定代词辨析 (1)both, either与neither 相同点 均用于两个人或物 不同点 both 指“两者都”,常与and连用。作主语时,谓语动词用复数 either 指“两者中任意一个”,常与or连用。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数 neither 指“两者中没有一个(全否定)”,通常与nor连用,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数 (2)all, any 与none 相同点 均用于三个或三个以上的人或物 不同点 all 指“三个或三个以上的人或物的全部”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数,其反义词为none any 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”只能作定语。 none 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)”,相当于not any (3)each与every 代词 Each Every 不同点 作形容词或代词,可单独使用 仅用作定语,不可单独使用 强调个体 强调整体 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 后可加of 短语 后不可加of短语 相同点 “each/every+名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式 (4)some与any 相同点 均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量 不同点 some 一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方的肯定的回答。 any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何一个/一些” (5)a few,few,a little与little 肯定含义 否定含义 所修饰的名词 a few一些,几个 few 几乎没有 可数名词复数 a little一点 little几乎没有 不可数名词 (6)other, the other ,others, the others 与another 不定代词 意义 用法 other 另外的 +复数名词/不可数名词,作定语,没有范围限制 常与many, any, some 等词连用修饰名词 the other 两者中的另一个 +单数可数名词,常与one 连用,构成one…,the other… others 另一些人/物 =other +复数名词(没范围限制)。不修饰名词。习惯搭配some…others… the others 其余的人/物 =the other+名词复数,不修饰名词。表示“其余的全部”有范围限制 another 再一的,另一的 +单数名词,表示“再一,另一个(三者或三者以上中的另一个)” 再,又(多) 二、复合不定代词的构成: 复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every加-body,-thing,-one构成,列表如下: Somebody 某人 Someone 某人 Something 某物,某事 Anybody 任何人 Anyone 任何人 Anything 任何事物 Nobody 没有人 No one 没有人 Nothing 没有东西 Everybody 每人 Everyone 每人 Everything 一切 由于在使用中有比较特殊的习惯用法,是考试中比较常见的考点。 一:复合不定代词和部分否定 部分否定是考试中的热门考点,常表达的结构有两种:1:not+全部肯定词 2:助 动词+not+全部肯定词。其意都为“并非都,不都”。前者是一般形态,如:Not everyone likes English. 由于是基本概念,学生比较容易理解。但后者和一般否定句比较相似,容易引起学生判断上的疑惑,是出题的焦点。 二:复合不定代词的定语位置 复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候,定语必须放在不定代词后面。复合不定代词+形容词/副词:如nothing interesting; something new 三:复合不定代词与谓语的一致问题 复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Everything that glittered is not gold. Nothing except for a few books was left for him by his father. 【易错警示】 复合不定代词的用法区别 1. 大家都知道,带some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句;而带any的复合不定代词常用在否定句,如:I have something important to tell you. If there is anything wrong, please let me know. 但是,带some 的复合不定代词也可以用在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求,建议,询问的疑问句中。如:Would you like something to eat? 2. 带any的复合不定代词用在肯定句中带有“任何人,任何事”的意思。 Anyone who breaks the law will be thrown into prison. As a teacher, I would do anything for my students. 特别要注意的是带any的复合不定代词不能再用否定式。如: Anything could not be seen in that dark room. (F) 要表达否定意思,只可以用对应的全部否定的词代替。如: Nothing could be seen in that dark room. 3. 指人的复合不定代词合写与分开写,其意思和用法不同,以any为例。 anyone 仅指人 任何人,某人, 不和of连用 any one 即指人,也指物, 任何一个的意思 可以于of连用 Anyone can do the job. Any one of us can do the job. 4. 一般情况下,用nothing 回答以what 开头的问题,nobody (no one) 回答who 开头的问题。 -----What’s on the table? ----- Nothing. -----Who is in the classroom?--------Nobody. ( No one). 考点一:地点方位介词 1.(22-23七年级下·江苏南京·期末)Zibo, a city ________ Shandong Province became famous this April. A.in B.on C.at D.by 2.(22-23七年级下·天津和平·期末)—Why are you standing there, Maggie? —I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ________ me. A.behind B.in front of C.next to D.opposite 3.(2024七年级下·湖北武汉·专题练习)—Where’s your school? —Our school is the library and the restaurant. A.next to B.near C.between D.across from 4.(23-24七年级下·江苏南通·期中)—There is a Shanghai-Suzhou-Nantong Yangtze River Bridge (沪苏通长江公铁大桥) over the Changjiang river. It’s about 11 kilometres long. —How amazing! Go ________ the bridge, and we can get to Shanghai easily. A.across B.over C.to D.through 5.(23-24七年级下·江苏南京·期中)Nanjing is ________ the east of China and ________ the west of Japan. A.in; in B.to; to C.in; to D.to; in 考点一: 不定代词 6.(22-23七年级下·江苏南京·期末)—Li Hua says he wants to play in the next World Cup and ________ can stop him. —He practises very hard and we all think his dream will come true! A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything 7.(23-24七年级下·江苏淮安·期中)There is ________ with my computer. I will ask my uncle _________ it this afternoon. A.wrong something, to fix B.something wrong, fixing C.something wrong, to fix D.wrong something, fixing 8.(22-23七年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Some boys are playing football, and _______ are running around the playground. A.other B.others C.the other D.the others 9.(22-23七年级下·江苏南京·期中)________ of us tried to solve the maths problem, but ________ of us was able to do it. A.Everyone; no one B.Everyone; none C.Each; no one D.Each; none 10.(21-22七年级下·江苏无锡·期末)On Chinese New Year’s Eve, most families have dinner together and there are only ________ people in the street. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 真题感知 11.(2023·甘肃武威·中考真题)The cat in Picture ________ is on the box. A. B. C. D. 12.(2022·青海·中考真题)—Excuse me, could you please tell me where the nearest restroom is? —Go ________ the hallway and turn left, it’s across ________ the teachers’ office. A.along; from B.to; of C.down; to 13.(2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)Vincent sometimes sits ________ the river and listens to music. A.on B.by C.over D.under 14.(2022·河北·中考真题)Look! The fish is swimming fast ________ the river. A.at B.in C.of D.by 15.(2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—Did you see ________ at the Hangzhou National Tea Museum? —Yes. I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there. A.something interesting B.everything interesting C.anything interesting D.nothing interesting 16.(2023·西藏·中考真题)—What would you like for dinner, rice or dumplings? —________. I’d like some Tibetan noodles. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.All 17.(2023·四川甘孜·中考真题)There are many trees on ________ sides of the street. A.both B.all C.each D.either 18.(2023·湖北襄阳·中考真题)—Cindy! Can you help me pass the level 2 of the game “Word Puzzle(字谜)”? —Oh, dear. There’s ________ I can do to help you. I can’t pass it, either. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 19.(2023·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)The class was over, but I still had ________ questions to ask. A.a little B.little C.a few D.few 20.(2023·江苏常州·中考真题)I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I don’t like ________ of them very much. A.either B.any C.neither D.none 21.(2023·江苏南通·中考真题)—It’s neither too cold nor too hot all year round in Kunming, making ________ a perfect place to live in or visit. —Right. I went there last year. A.that B.one C.this D.it 22.(2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—I can’t find my shoes. Where are they, Mom? —Oh, one is under the bed, ________ is behind the door. A.the other B.others C.another 23.(2023·湖南益阳·中考真题)—Did you buy ________ special for your father on Father’s Day? —Yes, I bought a pair of sports shoes for him. A.something B.anything C.nothing 24.(2023·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Hurry up! The bus is leaving soon. —Don’t worry. There is ________ time left. A.no B.little C.a little 25.(2023·山东东营·中考真题)—Has ________ ever been to Mars? —No, not yet. Maybe in the future. A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody 26.(2023·江苏徐州·中考真题)________ other nurses in the hospital have worked here longer than Helen; only Lucy and Mary started working here before her. A.All B.Most C.Some D.Few 27.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)— Sandy is well organized. — Exactly. ________ in her room is in good order. A.Something B.Everything C.Nothing D.None 28.(2023·吉林长春·中考真题)_______ of my parents can swim. They are going to learn it this summer. A.Neither B.Either C.All D.None 29.(2023·辽宁营口·中考真题)Daming is happy today because he helped ________ look for a set of keys on his way home. A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody 提升专练 30.(22-23八年级下·福建福州·期末)Japan is ________ the east of China and Shanghai is ________ the east of China. A.on; in B.to; on C.to; in 31.(22-23八年级下·福建泉州·期末)Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China and ________ the east of Fujian, separated (隔着) by the Taiwan Strait (海峡). A.in; to B.to; in C.in; on 32.(23-24八年级下·山东淄博·期中)The policemen trekked ________ the jungle and swam ________ a river to catch the thieves. A.through; across B.across; through C.through; through D.across; across 33.(23-24八年级下·天津东丽·期中)A bird flew into the kitchen ________ the widow. A.across B.above C.through D.under 34.(23-24八年级下·福建龙岩·期中)—Where is the pay phone? —It’s ________ the bus station, and you can go there on foot. A.between B.beside C.through 35.(23-24八年级下·广东深圳·课后作业)I couldn’t see the film clearly. Two tall boys were sitting ________ me. A.between B.in front of C.next to D.behind 36.(22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期中)The boy sat just ________ me, so I can see the happiness on his face clearly. A.opposite B.between C.behind D.in front of 37.(22-23八年级上·河北张家口·期中)There is a grocery store just ________ our home. You can see it easily. A.across from B.to C.on D.through 38.(22-23八年级下·河北沧州·期末)I met ________ dog on my way to school this morning. A.other B.others C.another D.the other 39.(22-23八年级下·云南昆明·期末)—What would you like better, coffee or milk shake? —________, I’d like a cup of tea. A.All B.None C.Both D.Neither 40.(22-23八年级下·吉林长春·期末)On the one hand, we must study hard, on ___________ hand, we should learn to relax. A.other B.others C.the other D.another 41.(22-23八年级下·吉林长春·期末)—Mom, I’m bored at home. Let’s go ________. —OK, but let me finish the housework first. A.interesting somewhere B.anywhere interesting C.somewhere interesting D.everything interesting 42.(22-23八年级下·辽宁大连·期末)Scientists believe that ________ of the other planets has an environment like that of the earth. A.all B.either C.none D.both 43.(22-23八年级下·新疆乌鲁木齐·期末)—I want to borrow your bike. —Sorry, _________ borrowed it. A.else somebody B.else anybody C.somebody else D.anybody else 44.(22-23八年级下·重庆大足·期末)Mary thinks sweeping robots are useful so she decides to buy ________ for her parents. A.one B.it C.this D.that 45.(23-24八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中)— Jack, is there ________ in today’s newspaper? — No, nothing. A.anything important B.something important C.important something D.important anything 46.(23-24八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中)As the old saying goes, politeness costs __________ and gains everything. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 47.(23-24八年级下·云南昭通·期中)—Is there ________ in your test papers today? —No, I did it very carefully. A.something wrong B.wrong something C.anything wrong D.wrong anything 48.(23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期中)The room is empty. I can’t find ________ in it. A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody 49.(23-24八年级下·河北保定·期中)—Lily, come and have supper. —I don’t want to eat ________, Mum. I’m not feeling well. A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything 50.(23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中)My cousin doesn’t do ________ as his parents hope. Sometimes he follows his own ideas. A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 方位介词和不定代词 目录 考点聚焦:核心考点+中考考点,有的放矢 重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺 难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升 学以致用:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破 核心考点聚焦 1、表示地点的方位介词。 2、不定代词。 一、方位介词的用法: 表示地点的介词 1)at, in, on at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 2) over, above, on over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如: There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds.  They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk. 3)表示方位的in /on / to in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)  Tanwan is _in___ the southeast of China . on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)  Hubei is __on__ the north of Hunan . to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)  Japan is __to___ the east of China . 4) in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如: There are some tall trees in front of the building. The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 5)across / through / over / by 经过 across 指横穿,穿过. 表示从......表面上经过. through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过. over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触. by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过. Can you swim across the river ? The elephant is so big that it can’ t go through the gate . I don’ t think anyone can jump over the fence. I walked by the bank of China yesterday .     二、不定代词的用法: 初中常见的不定代词 (1)表示不同范围 含义 范围 都 都不 任何一个 每一 两者 both neither Either each 三者以上 all None any Every (2)表示肯定或否定 表肯定 both, all, each, every, a little, a few 表否定 neither, none, any, on one, little, few 2.常考的几组易错不定代词辨析 (1)both, either与neither 相同点 均用于两个人或物 不同点 both 指“两者都”,常与and连用。作主语时,谓语动词用复数 either 指“两者中任意一个”,常与or连用。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数 neither 指“两者中没有一个(全否定)”,通常与nor连用,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数 (2)all, any 与none 相同点 均用于三个或三个以上的人或物 不同点 all 指“三个或三个以上的人或物的全部”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数,其反义词为none any 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”只能作定语。 none 指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个(全否定)”,相当于not any (3)each与every 代词 Each Every 不同点 作形容词或代词,可单独使用 仅用作定语,不可单独使用 强调个体 强调整体 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 后可加of 短语 后不可加of短语 相同点 “each/every+名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式 (4)some与any 相同点 均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量 不同点 some 一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方的肯定的回答。 any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何一个/一些” (5)a few,few,a little与little 肯定含义 否定含义 所修饰的名词 a few一些,几个 few 几乎没有 可数名词复数 a little一点 little几乎没有 不可数名词 (6)other, the other ,others, the others 与another 不定代词 意义 用法 other 另外的 +复数名词/不可数名词,作定语,没有范围限制 常与many, any, some 等词连用修饰名词 the other 两者中的另一个 +单数可数名词,常与one 连用,构成one…,the other… others 另一些人/物 =other +复数名词(没范围限制)。不修饰名词。习惯搭配some…others… the others 其余的人/物 =the other+名词复数,不修饰名词。表示“其余的全部”有范围限制 another 再一的,另一的 +单数名词,表示“再一,另一个(三者或三者以上中的另一个)” 再,又(多) 二、复合不定代词的构成: 复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every加-body,-thing,-one构成,列表如下: Somebody 某人 Someone 某人 Something 某物,某事 Anybody 任何人 Anyone 任何人 Anything 任何事物 Nobody 没有人 No one 没有人 Nothing 没有东西 Everybody 每人 Everyone 每人 Everything 一切 由于在使用中有比较特殊的习惯用法,是考试中比较常见的考点。 一:复合不定代词和部分否定 部分否定是考试中的热门考点,常表达的结构有两种:1:not+全部肯定词 2:助 动词+not+全部肯定词。其意都为“并非都,不都”。前者是一般形态,如:Not everyone likes English. 由于是基本概念,学生比较容易理解。但后者和一般否定句比较相似,容易引起学生判断上的疑惑,是出题的焦点。 二:复合不定代词的定语位置 复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候,定语必须放在不定代词后面。复合不定代词+形容词/副词:如nothing interesting; something new 三:复合不定代词与谓语的一致问题 复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Everything that glittered is not gold. Nothing except for a few books was left for him by his father. 【易错警示】 复合不定代词的用法区别 1. 大家都知道,带some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句;而带any的复合不定代词常用在否定句,如:I have something important to tell you. If there is anything wrong, please let me know. 但是,带some 的复合不定代词也可以用在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求,建议,询问的疑问句中。如:Would you like something to eat? 2. 带any的复合不定代词用在肯定句中带有“任何人,任何事”的意思。 Anyone who breaks the law will be thrown into prison. As a teacher, I would do anything for my students. 特别要注意的是带any的复合不定代词不能再用否定式。如: Anything could not be seen in that dark room. (F) 要表达否定意思,只可以用对应的全部否定的词代替。如: Nothing could be seen in that dark room. 3. 指人的复合不定代词合写与分开写,其意思和用法不同,以any为例。 anyone 仅指人 任何人,某人, 不和of连用 any one 即指人,也指物, 任何一个的意思 可以于of连用 Anyone can do the job. Any one of us can do the job. 4. 一般情况下,用nothing 回答以what 开头的问题,nobody (no one) 回答who 开头的问题。 -----What’s on the table? ----- Nothing. -----Who is in the classroom?--------Nobody. ( No one). 考点一:地点方位介词 1.(22-23七年级下·江苏南京·期末)Zibo, a city ________ Shandong Province became famous this April. A.in B.on C.at D.by 【答案】A 【详解】句意:今年四月,山东省的淄博市出名了。 考查方位介词。in表示在参照物内部;on表示与参照物接壤;at和by都表示在旁边。淄博在山东省内。故选A。 2.(22-23七年级下·天津和平·期末)—Why are you standing there, Maggie? —I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ________ me. A.behind B.in front of C.next to D.opposite 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你为什么站在那里,麦琪?——我看不清黑板。两个高个子男孩坐在我的前面。 考查介词辨析。behind在……后面;in front of在……前面;next to挨着;opposite在……对面。根据“I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting...me.”可知,看不清黑板,所以是两个高个男孩坐在前面。故选B。 3.(2024七年级下·湖北武汉·专题练习)—Where’s your school? —Our school is the library and the restaurant. A.next to B.near C.between D.across from 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你的学校在哪里?——我们学校在图书馆和餐馆之间。 考查介词辨析。next to紧挨着;near接近;between在两者之间;across from在……对面。根据“Our school is…the library and the restaurant.”可知,此处指学校在图书馆和餐馆之间,between…and…“在……和……之间”,固定短语,空处应填between。故选C。 4.(23-24七年级下·江苏南通·期中)—There is a Shanghai-Suzhou-Nantong Yangtze River Bridge (沪苏通长江公铁大桥) over the Changjiang river. It’s about 11 kilometres long. —How amazing! Go ________ the bridge, and we can get to Shanghai easily. A.across B.over C.to D.through 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——在长江上有一座沪苏通长江公铁大桥。它有1万1千米长。——多么令人吃惊啊!通过大桥,我们可以很容易地到达苏州。 考查介词辨析。across穿过,横跨;over在……上方;to到;through穿过,指通过狭窄空间。根据“the bridge”可知过桥应用go across the bridge。故选A。 5.(23-24七年级下·江苏南京·期中)Nanjing is ________ the east of China and ________ the west of Japan. A.in; in B.to; to C.in; to D.to; in 【答案】C 【详解】句意:南京在中国的东部,在日本的西部。 考查方位介词。当我们谈论某地在某个区域、国家、州或城市的某个部分时,我们用in,南京位于中国东部,使用in;当我们谈论一个具体地点相对于另一个具体地点的位置时,我们使用 to,两个地点之间有一定的距离或空间,南京和日本之间有一定的距离,使用to。故选C。 考点一: 不定代词 6.(22-23七年级下·江苏南京·期末)—Li Hua says he wants to play in the next World Cup and ________ can stop him. —He practises very hard and we all think his dream will come true! A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——李华说他想参加下一届世界杯,没有什么可以阻止他。 ——他练习非常刻苦,我们都认为他的梦想会实现的! 考查不定代词。nothing没有什么事情;anything任何事情;something某事;everything每一件事。根据“He practises very hard and we all think his dream will come true!”可知,没有什么可阻止他参加下一届世界杯。故选A。 7.(23-24七年级下·江苏淮安·期中)There is ________ with my computer. I will ask my uncle _________ it this afternoon. A.wrong something, to fix B.something wrong, fixing C.something wrong, to fix D.wrong something, fixing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我的电脑有些问题。今天下午我会让我的叔叔修一修电脑。 考查不定代词用法和非谓语动词。形容词修饰不定代词时要位于不定代词的后面,排除A、D两项;ask sb. to do sth.是固定句型,表示“要求某人做某事”,排除B项。故选C。 8.(22-23七年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Some boys are playing football, and _______ are running around the playground. A.other B.others C.the other D.the others 【答案】B 【详解】句意:学生们正在操场上玩。一些正在聊天,一些正在踢足球,其他的在跑步。 考查不定代词的用法。other别的,另外的;others其余的;the other另一个;the others其余的(表示在一个范围内的其他全部)。根据“...are running”可知,空格处要填表示名词复数的others。故选B。 9.(22-23七年级下·江苏南京·期中)________ of us tried to solve the maths problem, but ________ of us was able to do it. A.Everyone; no one B.Everyone; none C.Each; no one D.Each; none 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我们每个人都试图解决这道数学题,但没有一个人能做出来。 考查代词辨析。everyone每人;each每个;none没有;no one没有人。everyone、no one不与of搭配,第一空填each,第二空none符合句意,故选D。 10.(21-22七年级下·江苏无锡·期末)On Chinese New Year’s Eve, most families have dinner together and there are only ________ people in the street. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在中国新年前夕,大多数家庭在一起吃晚饭,只有几个人在街上。 考查代词辨析。few几乎没有(修饰可数名词复数);a few一些,几个(修饰可数名词复数);little几乎没有(修饰不可数名词);a little一点儿,少量(修饰不可数名词)。根据“most families have dinner together”可知,只有几个人在街上,且people为复数,a few符合题意。故选B。 真题感知 11.(2023·甘肃武威·中考真题)The cat in Picture ________ is on the box. A. B. C. D. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:图片B中的猫在盒子上。 考查方位介词。图片A的猫在盒子里面;图片B在盒子上面且接触;图片C在盒子旁边;图片D在盒子上方且不接触,用over。on the box“在盒子上且接触”。故选B。 12.(2022·青海·中考真题)—Excuse me, could you please tell me where the nearest restroom is? —Go ________ the hallway and turn left, it’s across ________ the teachers’ office. A.along; from B.to; of C.down; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——打扰一下,你能告诉我最近的洗手间在哪里吗?——沿着走廊走,然后左转,它就在教师办公室的对面。 考查介词辨析。along沿着;from从;to到;of……的;down向下。go along“沿着……走”,across from“在……对面”。故选A。 13.(2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)Vincent sometimes sits ________ the river and listens to music. A.on B.by C.over D.under 【答案】B 【详解】句意:Vincent有时坐在河边,听音乐。 考查介词辨析。on在……上面;by在……旁边;over在……上方;under在……下面。sit by the river表示“坐在河边”,因此空格处应用介词by。故选B。 14.(2022·河北·中考真题)Look! The fish is swimming fast ________ the river. A.at B.in C.of D.by 【答案】B 【详解】句意:看!那条鱼在河里游得很快。 考查介词辨析。at在;in在……里;of……的;by在……旁边。根据“The fish is swimming fast… the river.”可知,鱼在河里游泳,故选B。 15.(2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—Did you see ________ at the Hangzhou National Tea Museum? —Yes. I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there. A.something interesting B.everything interesting C.anything interesting D.nothing interesting 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你在杭州国家茶叶博物馆看到什么有趣的东西了吗?——是的。我在那里看到了许多漂亮的茶具和各种各样的茶。 考查代词辨析。something一些事,常放肯定句中;everything所有事;anything任何事,常放否定句和疑问句中;nothing没有事。根据“Did you see...”可知是有没有看到什么有趣的事情,疑问句中用anything。故选C。 16.(2023·西藏·中考真题)—What would you like for dinner, rice or dumplings? —________. I’d like some Tibetan noodles. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.All 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你晚饭想吃什么,米饭还是饺子?  ——都不要。我想要一些藏式面条。 考查代词辨析。Either(两者中)任何一个;Neither(两者)都不;Both两者都;All(三者或三者以上)都。根据“I’d like some Tibetan noodles.”可知空格处是两者都不,故选B。 17.(2023·四川甘孜·中考真题)There are many trees on ________ sides of the street. A.both B.all C.each D.either 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这条街的两边有许多树。 考查代词辨析。both都(两者之间);all都(三者以上);each每一个;either任何一个。此空后接复数名词sides,排除A和B选项。根据“sides of the street”可知,街道有两边,故选A。 18.(2023·湖北襄阳·中考真题)—Cindy! Can you help me pass the level 2 of the game “Word Puzzle(字谜)”? —Oh, dear. There’s ________ I can do to help you. I can’t pass it, either. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——Cindy!你能帮我通过“单词拼图”游戏的二级吗?——哦,天哪。我帮不了你什么。我也过不了。 考查代词辨析。something某事;anything任何事;everything所有事;nothing没有事。根据“I can’t pass it...”可知自己也没有通关,所以没有什么能帮助对方。故选D。 19.(2023·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)The class was over, but I still had ________ questions to ask. A.a little B.little C.a few D.few 【答案】C 【详解】句意:课程结束了,但我还有几个问题要问。 考查代词辨析。a little一点,修饰不可数名词;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词;a few几个,修饰可数名词复数;few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数。根据“but I still had...questions to ask”可知是有几个问题要问,修饰可数名词复数用a few。故选C。 20.(2023·江苏常州·中考真题)I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I don’t like ________ of them very much. A.either B.any C.neither D.none 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我去过纽约和洛杉矶,但我都不太喜欢。 考查代词辨析。either两者之一;any三者或三者以上的任意一个;neither两者都不;none全都不。根据“I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I don’t like...of them very much.”可知是纽约和洛杉矶都不喜欢,not…either=neither(两者都不)。故选A。 21.(2023·江苏南通·中考真题)—It’s neither too cold nor too hot all year round in Kunming, making ________ a perfect place to live in or visit. —Right. I went there last year. A.that B.one C.this D.it 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——昆明一年四季不太冷也不太热,是一个居住或旅游的好地方。——对。我去年去过那里。 考查代词辨析。that那;one同类中的一个;this这;it指代同一事物。根据“It’s neither too cold nor too hot all year round in Kunming, making ... a perfect place to live in or visit.”可知此处用it指代上文提到过的昆明。故选D。 22.(2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题)—I can’t find my shoes. Where are they, Mom? —Oh, one is under the bed, ________ is behind the door. A.the other B.others C.another 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我找不到我的鞋子了。他们在哪里,妈妈?——噢,一只在床底下,另一只在门后面。 考查代词辨析。the other两者中的另一个;others其他人/物;another三者及以上的另一个。根据“one is under the bed, ...is behind the door”可知,此处是one...the other...结构,意为“一个……另一个……”。故选A。 23.(2023·湖南益阳·中考真题)—Did you buy ________ special for your father on Father’s Day? —Yes, I bought a pair of sports shoes for him. A.something B.anything C.nothing 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——父亲节那天你给你父亲买了什么特别的东西吗?——是的,我给他买了一双运动鞋。 考查代词辨析。something某事,常用于肯定句中;anything某事,常用于疑问句或否定句中;nothing没有事。根据“Did you buy...special”可知买一些特别的东西,在疑问句中用anything。故选B。 24.(2023·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Hurry up! The bus is leaving soon. —Don’t worry. There is ________ time left. A.no B.little C.a little 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——快点!公共汽车马上就要开了。——不要担心。还有一点时间。 考查代词。no没有;little很少,表示否定含义;a little一些,表示肯定含义。根据“Don’t worry.”可知让对方不要担心,说明不需要太急,还有点时间,表示肯定含义,故选C。 25.(2023·山东东营·中考真题)—Has ________ ever been to Mars? —No, not yet. Maybe in the future. A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——有人去过火星吗?——不,还没有。或许在未来会有。 考查不定代词辨析。nobody没有人;anybody任何人,常用于疑问句或否定句;somebody某人,常用于肯定句;everybody每个人。根据“Has … ever been to Mars”及“No, not yet.”可知,询问是否有人去过火星,这是疑问句,此空应填anybody,故选B。 26.(2023·江苏徐州·中考真题)________ other nurses in the hospital have worked here longer than Helen; only Lucy and Mary started working here before her. A.All B.Most C.Some D.Few 【答案】D 【详解】句意:医院里很少有其他护士比海伦在这里工作的时间长;只有露西和玛丽在她之前开始在这里工作。 考查词汇辨析。All全部的;Most大部分;Some一些;Few很少的。根据“only Lucy and Mary started working here before her.”可知,医院的所有护士中,只有露西和玛丽比海伦在这家医院工作的时间长,说明很少的护士比海伦在这家医院工作的时间长。故选D。 27.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)— Sandy is well organized. — Exactly. ________ in her room is in good order. A.Something B.Everything C.Nothing D.None 【答案】B 【详解】句意;——桑迪很有条理。——完全正确。她房间里的一切都井井有条。 考查代词辨析。Something一些事情;Everything所有;Nothing没有什么;None没有一个。根据“Sandy is well organized.”可知,桑迪是有条理的人,所以她房间的所有东西都井井有条。故选B。 28.(2023·吉林长春·中考真题)_______ of my parents can swim. They are going to learn it this summer. A.Neither B.Either C.All D.None 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我的父母都不会游泳。他们打算今年夏天学游泳。 考查代词辨析。Neither两者都不;Either两者之一;All三者或三者以上都;None三者或三者以上都不。根据“They are going to learn it this summer.”可知父母两人都不会游泳。故选A。 29.(2023·辽宁营口·中考真题)Daming is happy today because he helped ________ look for a set of keys on his way home. A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybody 【答案】C 【详解】句意:大明今天很高兴,因为他在回家的路上帮别人找了一串钥匙。 考查复合不定代词辨析。nobody没有人;anybody任何人;somebody某人;everybody每个人。根据“Daming is happy today because he helped...look for a set of keys on his way home.”可知,本句是肯定句,表示帮助某人找钥匙。故选C。 提升专练 30.(22-23八年级下·福建福州·期末)Japan is ________ the east of China and Shanghai is ________ the east of China. A.on; in B.to; on C.to; in 【答案】C 【详解】句意:日本在中国的东面,上海在中国的东部。 考查介词辨析。on在……旁边,接壤;in在……里,表示属于某个范围内;to不在同一范围内,两地没有接壤。第一空结合“Japan”以及“the east of China”可知,中国和日本不接壤,应用介词to;根据“Shanghai”以及“China”可知,上海属于中国,应填介词in。故选C。 31.(22-23八年级下·福建泉州·期末)Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China and ________ the east of Fujian, separated (隔着) by the Taiwan Strait (海峡). A.in; to B.to; in C.in; on 【答案】A 【详解】句意:台湾位于中国东南部,福建以东,被台湾海峡隔开。 考查介词辨析。三个选项是表示方位时经常使用的介词,in表示在参照物内部;on表示与参照物接壤(紧接);to表示在参照物之外(不挨着)。台湾在中国范围内,用in;福建和台湾隔着海峡,用to,故选A。 32.(23-24八年级下·山东淄博·期中)The policemen trekked ________ the jungle and swam ________ a river to catch the thieves. A.through; across B.across; through C.through; through D.across; across 【答案】A 【详解】句意:警察跋涉穿过丛林,游过一条河去抓小偷。 考查介词辨析。through穿过(指从内部穿过);across穿过(指从表面穿过)。根据“the jungle”可知,第一空指穿过丛林,用through;根据“swam ... a river”可知,第二空指游过一条河,即穿过河流表层,应用across。故选A。 33.(23-24八年级下·天津东丽·期中)A bird flew into the kitchen ________ the widow. A.across B.above C.through D.under 【答案】C 【详解】句意:一只小鸟从窗户飞进厨房。 考查介词辨析。across从表面穿过;above在……上方;through从内部穿过;under在……下面。根据“into the kitchen…the widow”可知,从窗户飞进厨房,是从内部穿过。故选C。 34.(23-24八年级下·福建龙岩·期中)—Where is the pay phone? —It’s ________ the bus station, and you can go there on foot. A.between B.beside C.through 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——公用电话在哪里?——它在汽车站旁边,你可以步行去。 考查方位介词。between在两者之间,常和and搭配使用;beside在…旁边;through穿过,指从物体的中间穿过。句中的and连接的是并列句,并不是和between搭配的,故A不对;C选项意思不合适,故选B。 35.(23-24八年级下·广东深圳·课后作业)I couldn’t see the film clearly. Two tall boys were sitting ________ me. A.between B.in front of C.next to D.behind 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我看不清楚这部电影。两个高个子男孩坐在我前面。 考查介词和介词短语辨析。between在……之间;in front of在……前面;next to在……旁边;behind在……后面。根据“I couldn’t see the film clearly.”可知,此处表示两个高个子男孩坐在“我”前面。故选B。 36.(22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期中)The boy sat just ________ me, so I can see the happiness on his face clearly. A.opposite B.between C.behind D.in front of 【答案】A 【详解】句意:那个男孩就坐在我的对面,所以我可以清楚地看到他脸上的幸福。 考查介词辨析。opposite在……的对面;between在……之间;behind在……后面;in front of在……前面。根据“I can see the happiness on his face clearly.”可知,应该是坐在对面。故选A。 37.(22-23八年级上·河北张家口·期中)There is a grocery store just ________ our home. You can see it easily. A.across from B.to C.on D.through 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们家对面就有一家杂货店。你可以很容易地看到它。 考查介词短语。across from对面;to到;on在上面;through通过。根据“There is a grocery store just...our home.”可知,杂货店在家的对面。故选A。 38.(22-23八年级下·河北沧州·期末)I met ________ dog on my way to school this morning. A.other B.others C.another D.the other 【答案】C 【详解】句意:今天早上在我去学校的路上遇到了另一条狗。 考查词语辨析。other其它的,形容词,后接名词复数形式;others其它的,代词;another另一,形容词和代词;the other另一个,代词。根据名词“dog”可知此处应填形容词作定语,而“dog”为单数,故选C。 39.(22-23八年级下·云南昆明·期末)—What would you like better, coffee or milk shake? —________, I’d like a cup of tea. A.All B.None C.Both D.Neither 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你更喜欢哪个,咖啡还是奶昔?——都不,我想要一杯茶。 考查代词的用法。All全部;None没有一个;Both两者都;Neither两者都不。根据“What would you like better, coffee or milk shake?”和“I’d like a cup of tea”可知,此处是指在咖啡和奶昔之间都不选择,而是选择茶。故选D。 40.(22-23八年级下·吉林长春·期末)On the one hand, we must study hard, on ___________ hand, we should learn to relax. A.other B.others C.the other D.another 【答案】C 【详解】句意:一方面,我们必须努力学习,另一方面,我们应该学会放松。 考查不定代词。other其它的、另外的,修饰可数名词复数;others其它的,所对应other+名词,其后不接名词;the other表示其它所有的,或者两者中的另一个;another表示三者或三者以上的另一个。根据“On the one hand”可知,On the one hand…, on the other hand…意为“一方面……另一方面……”。故选C。 41.(22-23八年级下·吉林长春·期末)—Mom, I’m bored at home. Let’s go ________. —OK, but let me finish the housework first. A.interesting somewhere B.anywhere interesting C.somewhere interesting D.everything interesting 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——妈妈,我在家里很无聊。我们去有趣的地方吧。——好吧,但让我先做完家务。 考查形容词与不定副词。形容词修饰不定副词,需后置,排除选项A;结合“Let’s go”可知,这是祈使句的肯定形式,应说提议去某个有趣的地方,故选C。 42.(22-23八年级下·辽宁大连·期末)Scientists believe that ________ of the other planets has an environment like that of the earth. A.all B.either C.none D.both 【答案】C 【详解】句意:科学家们认为,其他任何一颗行星都没有像地球这样的环境。 考查代词辨析。all(三者或以上)都;either(两者中的)任意一个;none(三者或以上)都不;both两者都。根据“...of the other planets has an environment like that of the earth.”和常识可知,目前已知的只有地球有适合人类生存的环境,也就是说其他行星都没有像地球这样的环境,none符合题意。故选C。 43.(22-23八年级下·新疆乌鲁木齐·期末)—I want to borrow your bike. —Sorry, _________ borrowed it. A.else somebody B.else anybody C.somebody else D.anybody else 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我想借你的自行车。——对不起,有人借了它。 考查不定代词。somebody某人,用于肯定句;anybody某人,用于否定句或疑问句。此处是肯定句,用somebody,且else放在不定代词之后,即somebody else“其他人”。故选C。 44.(22-23八年级下·重庆大足·期末)Mary thinks sweeping robots are useful so she decides to buy ________ for her parents. A.one B.it C.this D.that 【答案】A 【详解】句意:玛丽认为扫地机器人很有用,所以她决定给父母买一个。 考查代词辨析。one一个,泛指同名异物;it它,特指同名同物;this这个;that那个。根据空前的“sweeping robots”可知,此处指同类事物中的一个,为泛指,故选A。 45.(23-24八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中)— Jack, is there ________ in today’s newspaper? — No, nothing. A.anything important B.something important C.important something D.important anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——Jack,今天的报纸有重要的事情吗?——没有,什么也没有。 考查形容词修饰不定代词的位置和不定代词的用法。something某事,用于肯定句;anything任何事物,用于否定句和疑问句。形容词修饰不定代词时要后置,所以排除C、D;设空所在句是疑问句,所以用anything。故选A。 46.(23-24八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中)As the old saying goes, politeness costs __________ and gains everything. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意:俗话说,礼貌不费分文,却能收获一切。 考查代词辨析。something某事;anything任何事;everything一切;nothing没有什么。根据“politeness costs...and gains everything”可知,此处表示礼貌不需要花费什么。故选D。 47.(23-24八年级下·云南昭通·期中)—Is there ________ in your test papers today? —No, I did it very carefully. A.something wrong B.wrong something C.anything wrong D.wrong anything 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你今天的试卷有什么错吗?——不,我做得很仔细。 考查复合不定代词及定语后置。something某事,通常用于肯定句中;anything任何事,常用于疑问句、否定句中。本句为疑问句,应用anything;形容词修饰复合不定代词时,应放在复合不定代词后。故选C。 48.(23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期中)The room is empty. I can’t find ________ in it. A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这房间是空的。我在里面找不到任何人。 考查代词辨析。somebody某人;anybody任何人;nobody没有人;everybody每人。根据“The room is empty. I can’t find...in it.”可知,房间里是空的,所以找不到任何人。故选B。 49.(23-24八年级下·河北保定·期中)—Lily, come and have supper. —I don’t want to eat ________, Mum. I’m not feeling well. A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——莉莉,过来吃晚饭。——我不想吃任何东西,妈妈。我感觉不舒服。 考查不定代词辨析。nothing什么都没有;something一些事;anything任何东西;everything每件事。根据“I’m not feeling well.”可知,此处说的是“不想吃任何东西”,因此此处用anything。故选C。 50.(23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中)My cousin doesn’t do ________ as his parents hope. Sometimes he follows his own ideas. A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我表兄并不是所有事都按照他父母希望的去做。有时候他遵从自己的想法。 考查代词辨析。everything所有事;anything任何事;something某事;nothing没有事。根据“Sometimes he follows his own ideas.”可知此处指我表兄并不是所有事都按父母希望的去做,应用“everything”。故选A。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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