专题02 名词数词讲练（50题）+首字母填空精讲（5篇）-【暑假自学课】2024年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（牛津上海版）

专题02 名词数词讲练（50题）+首字母填空精讲（5篇） 核心考点聚焦 1 考点一：名词 1 考点二：数词 3 考点三：首字母填空技巧 4 当堂限时检测 5 参考答案： 11 核心考点聚焦 考点一：名词 1.1名词的单复数变化 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化 变化规则 示例 一般情况下,在名词后直接加-s orange- oranges橘子bag- --bags袋，包 以-s,-x,-ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es. box- --boxes 盒，箱 beach- beaches海滩,沙滩 wish- --wishes希望,愿望 bus- -buses公共汽车 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先变y为i再加es. story- stories故事，小说family-families家庭 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词(多数情况下)加-es。 tomato -tomatoes 西红柿 hero- -heroes英雄,男主角 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词，一般在词尾加-s。 zoo---zoos动物园 kangaroo --kangaroos 袋鼠 .以-f或fe结尾的名词，大多数情况下先将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。 knife -knives 刀 leaf -- leaves叶,叶子 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化 单数 复数 汉语意思 foot feet 脚 tooth teeth 牙齿 goose geese 鹅 man men 男人 child children 儿童，小孩 ox oxen 公牛 单复数同形的名词 fish鱼 sheep羊 deer鹿 series系列 species种类 means方式,方法 “某国人”的复数形式 a Chinese- --two Chinese两个中国人 an Englishman --- three Englishmen 3个英国人 a German- --five Germans 5个德国人 3.复合名词的复数形式 规则 示例 复合名词变复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复教;如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。 looker-on- -lookers-on 旁观者 grown-up grown-ups成年人 由man成woman构成的复合名词变复数时，前后两个名词都要变成复数形式。 a man teacher --three men teachers3个男教师 4.特殊的可数名词的复数形式 规则 示例 有些名词经常或只能用复数形式，不能被具体的数词修饰。若表达具体数目，要借助量词par(对，双)，suit(套)等。 glasses眼镜--a pair of gasses一副眼镜 集体名词以单数形式出现,但表示复数意义。其前不能用具体的数词修饰,只能加the，表示“全体......” the police 警察 the cattle牛the people人们 1.2 不可数名词的用法 不可数名词前不能加不定冠词a/an,也无复数形式。 1.中考中常见的不可数名词 rice大米 news新闻 bread面包 information信息 milk牛奶 beef牛肉 food食物 orange橙汁 work工作 fun乐趣 advice建议 homework家庭作业 trouble麻烦 time时间 weather天气 furniture 家具 2.不可数名词的数量表达 不可数名词在表达数量关系时，可借助表示数量单位的短语修饰。 a bottle of orange juice 1瓶橙汁 five bags of rice 5袋大米 1.3 名词所有格 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有或所属关系。 规则 示例 -’s所有格 表示有生命的名词的所有格-般在其词尾加-’s,以-s或-es结尾的名词只加-’。 my cousin's clothes我表弟的衣服 students' books 学生们的书 表示时间、距离、度量街、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命事物的名词,也可以加-'s或者-’构成所有格。 today's newspaper今天的报纸 two hours' ride 两个小时的车程 两人或多人共有某物时，只在最后一个名词后加-'s;如果该物为各自所有，则各个名词后都要加-'s。 Lucy and Lily's bedroom露西和莉莉(共同)的房间Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms露西和莉莉(各自)的房间 为了避免重复，可单独使用一's所有格,其作用在句中相当于名词。 Whose pen is this? Is it Tony's? 这是谁的钢笔?它是托尼的吗? of所有格 表示无生命东西的所有关系,of所有格由“of+名词/代词”构成。 We'll met at the gate of the school，我们将在学校门口见面。 .双重所有格 双重所有格的构成有两种形式:一种是“of+-'s所有格”，另一种是“of+名词性物主代词"。 a picture of Lily’s莉莉(拥有)的一张照片 a fiend of hers她的一个朋友 考点二：数词 1.1.基数词和序数词 基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。序数词由基数词变化而成，具体构成如下： 构成 例句 第一、第二、第三需特殊记忆。 first 第一 second 第二 third 第三 4-19的序数词是由其相对应的基数词后面加－th构成。 eleven→eleventh 第十一 thirteen→thirteenth 第十三 有4个词拼写不规则：fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth. 整十的序数词由其对应的基数词变词尾字母y为ie,再加－th构成。（注意：ten的序数词为tenth.) twenty→twentieth 第二十 fifty→fiftieth第五十 表示“第几十几”时，只将个位数变为序数词，十位数仍用基数词。 thirty-one→thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-six→fifty-sixth 第五十六 1.2.数词的用法 内容 用法 例子 分数表示法 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，作分母的序数词需用复数形式。单词之间可有连字符，也可以没有。如果是带分数，用and连接整数和分数即可。 1/3:one-third 年龄表示法 用“in+one's+整十的基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。表示一个人具体的岁数时，可用“at the age of+基数词”表示。 My grandmother is now in her eighties.我奶奶现在80多岁了。 编号表示法 ①用基数词编号时，用“名词＋基数词”表示。 ②用序数词编号时，用“the+序数词＋名词”表示。 502房间：Room 502 第七页：the seventh page 1.3.确切数目和大约数目的表示法 类别 表达法 例子 确切数目 当 hundred,thousand,million等前面有具体数字或有many,several,few等修饰时，用其单数形式，不与of连用。此时表达确切数目。 I make nine hundred dollars a week.我一周挣900美元。 约略数目 当 hundred,thousand,million等与of连用时，要用其复数形式，其前不能加其他表示数量的词语。此时表达大约的数字概念。 There are thousands of things I want to do.我有很多事情想做。 考点三：首字母填空技巧 1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。 快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。 2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。 把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。 3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。 在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。 首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。 当堂限时检测 一、单项选择 1．（上海长宁·二模）Stella is going to move into a new flat next month, so she plans to buy some ________. A．chair B．flower C．furniture D．picture 2．（九年级·上海·阶段练习）He was a medical student before he turned _______ writer. A．a B．the C．/ D．one 3．（上海静安·二模）Villagers in the mountain area used to raise many________ on the farm to make a living. A．bear B．horse C．chicken D．sheep 4．（九年级上·上海·阶段练习）Our class has already collected much on how to save energy so far. A．idea B．information C．suggestion D．way 5．（上海崇明·二模）Did Mr. Smith give you much on how to prepare for the coming exams? A．note B．advice C．tip D．book 6．（九年级上·上海·期中）The little boy often gives __________ to the headmaster on young people's problems. A．many advice B．some advice C．two advice D．two piece of advice 7．（21-22八年级上·上海闵行·期末）A friend of ________ will come to our party tonight. A．mine B．me C．I D．my 8．（2022·上海青浦·一模）The farmer raised plenty of ________ on his farm to sell for food and money. A．sheep B．cow C．pig D．chicken 9．（2021·上海长宁·二模）Angela, a friend of ________, will go back to her hometown to study next term. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 10．（2022·上海·一模）In her letter, Auntie Sue told us many _________ about her visit to Britain. A．news B．stories C．information D．truth 11．（2023·上海崇明·一模）Uncle Tom keeps many ________ on his farm and lives a happy life there. A．cat B．dog C．sheep D．chicken 12．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）There is only a little ________ in the fridge. That’s not enough for breakfast. A．cake B．milk C．egg D．vegetable 13．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m worried about the _______ of the medicine. A．safe B．safety C．save D．safely 14．（21-22八年级上·上海虹口·期末）The 2008 Summer Olympics was held in ________. A．London, Britain B．Beijing, China C．Tokyo, Japan D．Paris, France 15．（22-23八年级下·上海·单元测试）________ room is next to their parents’. A．Kate’s and Joan’s B．Kate’s and Joan C．Kate and Joan’s D．Kate and Joan 16．（22-23八年级下·上海·单元测试）The government has spent ________ money building bridges and widening roads in recent years. A．a lot B．quite a few C．a large number of D．a huge amount of 17．（23-24八年级上·上海普陀·期末）Yesterday two _______ asked me to show them the way to Shanghai Museum. A．woman tourists B．women tourist C．woman tourist D．women tourists 18．（23-24八年级上·上海浦东新·期末）To my ________, he achieved a great success in yesterday’s speaking contest. A．amazing B．amazement C．amazed D．amazingly 19．（23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）That __________ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it. A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’ shop 20．（2018·上海松江·一模）Uncle Tom raises (养) many on his farm and we often go there for a visit. A．horse B．sheep C．pig D．bird 21．（19-20九年级上·上海长宁·阶段练习）Two-thirds of the money has been spent according to the plan, but nobody knows how to use _______ of it. A．other B．the others C．the rest D．rest 22．（2020·上海静安·一模）Don’t be afraid to ask for some ________ about ordering the meal. A．suggestion B．method C．opinion D．advice 23．（2020·上海闵行·一模）I think one effective ______for me to improve my memory is to have enough sleep. A．information B．advice C．method D．conclusion 24．（2020·上海宝山·一模）The policeman gave us much on how to protect ourselves when we are in danger. A．example B．tip C．note D．advice 25．（2020·上海宝山·一模）Mary chatted with a friend of on WeChat for a long time last night. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 26．（2020·上海虹口·一模）The police are worried about the of the boy who has been missing for 3 days. A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety 27．（21-22八年级上·上海闵行·期末）Jackie’s strong ________ is to become a famous singer. A．hobby B．business C．ambition D．language 28．（21-22八年级上·上海嘉定·期末）When I have problems with my maths, I usually turn to my friend for some ________. A．advice B．suggestion C．idea D．point 29．（21-22八年级上·上海奉贤·期末）There’s little ________ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some for breakfast. A．tomato B．potato C．egg D．milk 30．（21-22八年级下·上海虹口·期中）You can improve your ________while staying in an ________ country. A．speaking English; English-spoken B．spoken English, English-spoken C．speaking English; English-speaking D．spoken English, English-speaking 31．（2022·上海黄浦·一模）The government has made some _________ in environment protection. A．mistake B．decision C．change D．progress 32．（2022·上海长宁·二模）Mike stayed awake for hours last night as he had too much ________ before going to bed. A．biscuit B．coffee C．noodle D．chicken wing 33．（2021·上海长宁·一模）For the time being we can collect much ________ either from books or on the Internet. A．idea B．method C．information D．suggestion 34．（2021·上海松江·一模）Now a large number of people ________ helping clear the snow in the street. A．is B．are C．was D．were 35．（2021·上海徐汇·二模）Tim and his friends are planning to visit a friend of ________ in Beijing this summer. A．they B．their C．themselves D．theirs 36．（21-22九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）After ________ talk, they decided to go to Beijing on holiday. A．two hour B．two hours C．two-hours D．two hours’ 37．（2023·上海闵行·一模）The boys are sitting around together and they are playing a favorite game of ________. A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 38．（2023·上海宝山·二模）Bob was chatting with a friend of ________ on the Internet this time yesterday. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 39．（23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中）My class teacher has given me many _________ on how to study. They’re very useful. A．information B．advice C．suggestions D．news 40．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Nicotine ______ the functioning of heart and lung, which means it has bad ______ on your heart and lung. A．effects, affects B．effects, effects C．affects, effects D．affects, affects 41．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time. A．enough room B．enough rooms C．rooms enough D．room enough 42．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）With a ______ cigarette in his hand, the ______ operator arrived at the scene. A．lit, lighted B．lighted, lit C．lighted, lighting D．lit, lighting 43．（2024·上海金山·二模）This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A．topic B．tip C．suggestion D．information 44．（2024·上海崇明·二模）I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A．desk B．chair C．bookshelf D．furniture 45．（22-23八年级上·上海浦东新·期中）We visited the small town ________ last year and stayed there for ________. A．sometimes；sometime B．some time；some times C．sometime；some time D．some times；sometimes 46．（20-21八年级下·上海·单元测试）Have you finished your ________ homework? A．chemical B．chemistry C．chemical’s D．chemistry’s 47．（23-24八年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Steven Spielberg is one of __________ in the film industry in the world. A．best directors B．the best director C．the top director D．the top directors 48．（2020·上海松江·二模）The old lady saved many ________ from dying of hunger in the 1950s. A．monkey B．elephant C．children D．butterfly 49．（2020·上海静安·二模）Kate plans to work for the community with some classmates of________ this summer. A．she B．her C．herself D．hers 50．（21-22九年级上·上海虹口·期中）It is said that radio, television and press are _______ of conveying (传送) information. A．the most three common ways B．the most common three ways C．the three most common ways D．three the most common ways 二、短文填空 （23-24八年级下·上海崇明·期中）Trees are one of the oldest “citizens” of our earth. They keep our air clean, reduce noisy pollution, improve water quality and provide food and building materials.   Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At 1 to 3 years old, many trees learn how to p 51 themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to warn animals not to go near. Most young trees have large deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and e 52 . When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges (挑战) later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults. They grew s 53 and begin to produce flowers and fruit. It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a r 54 adult. The tree reaches its largest size. Not only does the adult tree gives us shed, oxygen and natural beauty; it is also a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to nap or read a book or listen to music. If the adult tree receives proper care, it will continue to live h 55 for many years. Gradually trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their important place in nature. When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it dies, it provides a home for small animals, and is also a source of food for many o 56 animals. In many ways, the life of a tree is similar to our own life especially. When looking at the life of a tree, we learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. Enjoy every minute of it and take care of the trees! （23-24八年级下·上海宝山·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) The year 2021 marks 100 years since the first Everest expedition (探险). With a height of 8,849 metres above sea level, Mount Everest is the world’s t 57 mountain. These days, more than 500 people every year try to climb it, but the very first organized expedition to Everest h 58 a century ago, in 1921. A team of British mountaineers wanted to explore the mountain. Their first mission was to try to find a route to the mountain. After this, their s 59 task was to try to establish the possible routes that could be used for an actual climb. Finally, if everything else went well, they would then see i 60 they could actually complete the climb itself and get to the top of the mountain. They set off on May 18, 1921, from northern India and walked about 300 miles to Mount Everest. The walk was so tough that Alexander Kellas, a Scottish chemist, died before they reached the f 61 of the mountain. Once the team had set up a base camp, they set about exploring the mountain. They spent four months circling Everest to learn more about it. George Mallory led most of the high climbing on the slopes (斜坡) of Everest. But when they attempted (尝试) to climb to the top of the mountain, they were beaten back by strong wind and s 62 . Although the team was eventually forced to retreat (撤退), they were still successful in establishing possible routes for further attempts. Mallory himself tried twice more to climb to the top but died on the slopes. It was 75 years before his body was found on the mountain. A series of expeditions and unsuccessful attempts that used the first expedition’s original routes f 63 in the 1920s and 1930s. This was all before Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary finally reached the top in 1953, making history on the planet’s highest peak. （22-23八年级下·上海黄浦·期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (首字母填空，每格一词) Double Seventh Day, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, is also c 64 Chinese Valentine’s Day. It is the most romantic t 65 Chinese festival.   Double Seventh Day is about the legendary story of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl (牛郎织女的传说). A 66 to the legend, during the Double Seventh Day, all the magpies (喜鹊) would fly to the Milky Way to b 67 a bridge for the Cowherd and the Weaving girl to date. In the still of the night, one can overhear their sweet conversations when they meet in the heaven. The meaning of this festival a 68 changes with the development of the times. Nowadays, young people p 69 more attention to this festival, and express love to each other by s 70 gifts or going to a rather romantic place for dinner on this day. （22-23八年级下·上海奉贤·期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给） What are some successful foods? McDonald’s Big Macs are popular. Instant noodles have also become a global success. Now instant noodles are c 71 their 55th birthday! Instant noodles were invented in Japan by Momofuku Ando (安藤百福).Trying to find a way to make noodles last longer, Ando began experimenting and in 1958 he made the first—ever pack of instant noodles. Now, 55 years on, they’re eaten all around the world. In fact they’re so popular that the Japanese voted (投票) instant noodles as their best i 72 . Each year, 95 billion packets of instant noodles are eaten around the world, a 73 to the World Instant Noodle association. In the UK, people call instant noodles “pot noodles”. University students like them a lot. During your first semester at college, you may be given a gift b 74 that includes instant noodles! But watch out—people may think you’re lazy if you are an instant noodle lover. Why? Because they are cheap and easy to eat! Despite their reputation (名声) for being “lazy food”. The UN often sends instant noodles as part of its food aid (援助) packages. This is because of their long shelf life and high fat content, which makes people feel f 75 for longer periods. H 76 , instant noodles aren’t totally innocent (无辜的). They’re high in fat and salt. Health experts say they’re bad for us and we shouldn’t eat them too often. （22-23八年级下·上海浦东新·期末）Imagine walking into a movie theater without being greeted by the smell of popcorn. It’s hard, isn’t it? For decades, popcorn and movies have gone hand in hand. H 77 , the relationship between the two is younger than you may think. Back in the 1920s, movie theaters were places of luxury (奢华) with elaborate decorations.And their owners hated popcorn. It wasn’t because popcorn was u 78 . The snack had been loved by people, especially kids. Sold usually from a cart, popcorn was considered a street food. Movie theater owners were a 79 popcorn because they believed it would damage the top—quality atmosphere they wanted to create. In the mid-1920s, more movie theaters opened. Not all of these new theaters were luxurious. They allowed people to eat popcorn while watching movies. A few years later, America f 80 into the Great Depression. Lots of people lost their jobs. In order to survive, theaters had to lower their ticket p 81 . And movie goers would often buy a bag of popcorn since it was the only snack that had remained cheap. Soon, movies and popcorn became a popular pairing across the United States. Some theater owners even bought machines to produce popcorn t 82 . The smell of popcorn filled movie theaters all over the country. Today, popcorn has long been an essential part of the movie-going experience. Mike Goles, a theater owner in the US, said, “Sometimes, people come to theaters just for the popcorn. They don’t even care what movie is currently playing!” 参考答案： 1．C 【详解】句意：斯特拉下个月要搬去新公寓了，因此她计划买一些家具。 考查不可数名词的数。chair椅子（可数名词）；flower花（可数名词）；furniture家具（不可数名词）；picture图片（可数名词）。some后跟可数名词要用复数，也可接不可数名词，结合选项，故选C。 2．C 【详解】句意：他在成为作家之前是个医科学生。 考查冠词。a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，表示一个；an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，表示一个；the表示特指，定冠词；根据在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前，不用冠词。结合句中有“writer”，所以不用冠词，故选C。 【点睛】零冠词： 1．表示抽象概括意义时，不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词。 2．专有名词通常使用零冠词，例：Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer． 3．按照习惯下列各类名词使用零冠词 1）季节、月份、星期以及节假日等名词，例：Summer begins in June in this part of the country． 2）三餐饭菜的名词，例：have supper 吃晚饭 3）语言、运动、游戏等名词，例：She speaks Chinese．她说汉语。 4）在某些意义有改变的名词前要使用零冠词，例：He has gone to school．（to learn） 注意：如果在这类名词前加冠词，则表示去那里干与之无关的事，例： go to the school可理解为去学校看望人，而不是“学习”。 4．在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前，例： Professor Wang 王教授 Doctor Tompson 汤普生医生 3．D 【详解】句意：山区的村民过去在农场养了许多羊来谋生。 考查名词辨析。bear熊；horse马；chicken小鸡；sheep绵羊。many许多的，修饰复数名词；ABC三项都是单数名词，sheep单复数同形；根据句意结构，故选D。 4．B 【详解】句意：我们班目前已经收集了许多关于如何节能的信息。 考查名词。idea点子，可数名词；information信息，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；way方法，可数名词。此处作宾语，其前被much修饰，much意为“许多”，修饰不可数名词，故选B。 5．B 【详解】句意：关于怎么准备考试，史密斯先生给你了许多建议吗？ 根据on how to prepare for the coming exams可知是建议，much修饰不可数名词；note笔记，可数名词；advice建议，不可数名词，tip建议，可数名词；book书，可数名词；故选B。 6．B 【详解】句意：这个小男孩经常就年轻人的问题向校长提出一些建议。 考查不可数名词表达。根据advice是不可数名词，所以不能用two，many，可以用some，much，two pieces of，所以排除A、C、D；故选B。 【点睛】常见的不可数名词： water水 ；paper 纸；exercise 锻炼 ；information 信息 ；news 新闻；food食物 ；fruit水果 ；beef牛肉 ；snow雪；chicken鸡肉 ；salad沙拉 ；housework 家务 ；juice 果汁；tea茶 ；waste废物；powder 粉；rain 雨水；wind 风；hair 头发；rice米饭 ；population人口 ；bread面包 ；milk 牛奶；coke 可乐；money 钱；jam 果酱；honey 蜂蜜；chocolate 巧克力；fish鱼肉 ；meat 肉；space 空间；advice 建议；ink 墨水；salt 盐 7．A 【详解】句意：我的一个朋友今晚要来参加我们的聚会。 考查双重所有格和代词辨析。mine我的，名词性物主代词；me我，人称代词宾格；I我，人称代词主格；my我的，形容词性物主代词。根据英语表达习惯，“a friend of +名词性物主代词”意为“……的朋友”，符合句意，故选A。 8．A 【详解】句意：这位农民在他的农场里饲养了大量的羊，出售以换取食物和金钱。 考查名词复数。sheep绵羊，可数名词，复数形式为sheep；cow奶牛，单数可数名词；pig猪，单数可数名词；chicken鸡，单数可数名词。plenty of“大量的、相当多的”，修饰可数名词时，名词应用复数形式。故选A。 9．D 【详解】句意：安琪拉，我的一个朋友，下学期将回她的家乡学习。 考查双重所有格。I我，人称代词主格；me我，人称代词宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。此处用双重所有格结构n.+of+名词性物主代词或名词所有格，故选D。 10．B 【详解】句意：在她的信里，苏姑姑告诉我们很多关于她去英国参观的事。 考查名词。news新闻，消息；stories故事；information信息；truth真相。根据“many”可知是可数名词的复数形式作宾语。根据“about her visit to Britain”可知句子表达“很多关于她去英国参观的事”，用复数名词“stories”。故选B。 11．C 【详解】句意：汤姆叔叔在他的农场里养了很多羊，过着幸福的生活。 考查名词辨析。cat猫，可数名词；dog狗，可数名词；sheep羊，是单数也是复数；chicken鸡，可数名词。根据many可知，此空应填复数形式，故选C。 12．B 【详解】句意：冰箱里只有一点牛奶。那还不够做早餐。 考查名词辨析。cake蛋糕，可数名词；milk牛奶，不可数名词；egg鸡蛋，可数名词；vegetable蔬菜，可数名词。根据空前的“a little”可知，a little后面需接不可数名词。故选B。 13．B 【详解】句意：我担心这种药的安全性。 考查名词的用法。safe安全的，形容词；safety安全，名词；save保存，动词；safely安全地，副词。分析句子可知，介词about后接名词safety作宾语。故选B。 14．B 【详解】句意：2008年夏季奥运会在中国北京举行。 考查常识知识。London, Britain英国伦敦；Beijing, China中国北京；Tokyo, Japan日本东京；Paris, France法国巴黎。根据常识可知，2008年夏季奥运会是在中国北京举行的。故选B。 15．C 【详解】句意：凯特和乔的房间在她们父母房间的隔壁。 考查名词所有格。“room”是单数，说明两个孩子共有一个房间，所有格应加在后一个名词处。故选C。 16．D 【详解】句意：近年来，政府花了大量的钱修建桥梁和拓宽道路。 考查短语辨析。a lot非常，常修饰动词和形容词；quite a few相当多，修饰可数名词；a large number of大量的，修饰可数名词；a huge amount of大量的，修饰不可数名词。此处是修饰不可数名词money，应用a huge amount of。故选D。 17．D 【详解】句意：昨天两位女性游客要求我向她们展示去上海博物馆的路。 考查名词复数。根据“two”可知主语是复数，排除B、C，此处woman是修饰名词tourists作定语，需要变复数为women。故选D。 18．B 【详解】句意：令我惊讶的是，他在昨天的演讲比赛中取得了巨大的成功。 考查名词用法。amazing令人惊讶的，形容词；amazement惊讶，名词；amazed惊讶的，形容词；amazingly令人惊讶地，副词。根据“To my…,”可知，my后接名词，to one’s amazement“令某人感到惊讶的是”。故选B。 19．B 【详解】句意：那个自行车店就在拐角处，你不会错过的。 考查名词作定语。名词作定语的时候通常使用单数形式的名词修饰名词，如shoe shop鞋店，bicycle shop自行车店。表示什么样的商店要用单数名词修饰shop，故选B。 20．B 【详解】句意：汤姆叔叔在他的农场上饲养了很多绵羊，我们经常去那里参观。 本题考查名词。horse马，sheep绵羊，pig猪，bird鸟。有many修饰，用复数形式，sheep的复数形式是sheep，故选B。 21．C 【详解】句意：三分之二的钱已经按照计划花了，但没有人知道如何使用剩下的钱。 考查词汇辨析。other其他的，形容词，后跟名词；the others其余的，=the other+名词，指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后，“余下的人或物的全部”；the rest与of连用，意为“剩下的”；rest剩余的部分，名词。rest不能用作定语修饰其他名词，若表示“余下的…东西”，须用the rest of结构。根据“Two-thirds of the money has been spent according to the plan三分之二的钱已经按照计划花了”可知，没有人知道如何使用剩下的钱。故选C。 22．D 【详解】句意：在点餐时，不要害怕询问意见。 考查名词词义辨析。suggestion 建议，可数名词；method 方法，可数名词；opinion 观点，建议，可数名词；advice 建议，意见，不可数名词。空格处名词有some修饰，如果该名词是可数名词，要用复数形式，排除A、B、C选项。故选D。 23．C 【详解】句意:我认为提高记忆力的一个有效方法是有足够的睡眠。 考查名词。information信息；advice建议；method方法；conclusion结论。根据“improve my memory is to have enough sleep”有足够的睡眠来提高我的记忆力。可推断，这是一个有效的方法。只有C. method方法，符合题意，故选C。 24．D 【详解】句意：警察给我们许多关于当我们处于危险时如何保护我们自己的建议。 考查名词辨析。example例子（可数名词单数）；tip贴士（可数名词单数）；note便签（可数名词单数）；advice建议（不可数名词）。根据空前much可知，much修饰不可数名词，所以空处用不可数名词，故选D。 25．C 【详解】句意：昨天晚上，玛丽在微信上和她的朋友聊了很长时间的天。 考查代词辨析。she她（人称代词主格）；her她（人称代词宾格），她的（形容词性物主代词）；她的（名词性物主代词）；herself她自己（反身代词）。本句话为双重所有格，即a friend of hers“她的朋友”。故选C。 26．D 【详解】句意：警察担心那个已经失踪了三天的男孩的安全。 考查词义辨析。save动词，救；safe形容词，安全的；safely副词，安全地；safety名词，安全。分析句子可知，此处用在“the+名词+of”结构中，表示“男孩的安全”，所以用名词形式，故选D。 27．C 【详解】句意：杰基强烈的志向是成为一名著名歌手。 考查名词辨析。hobby业余爱好；business商业；ambition理想，志向；language语言。根据“...to become a famous singer.”可知，此处指成为著名歌手是他的志向，故用ambition。故选C。 28．A 【详解】句意：当我数学有问题时候，我通常向我的朋友寻求建议。 考查名词。advice建议，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；idea想法；point观点。根据语境“When I have problems with my maths, I usually turn to my friend for some...”可知，数学题不会时候，会向别人寻求“建议”，A是不可数名词，BCD都是可数名词，放在“some”后要加复数，只有A是不可数名词，放在“some”后无需变复数，故选A。 29．D 【详解】句意：冰箱里几乎没有牛奶。我们去买些作为早餐吧。 考查名词辨析。tomato西红柿，可数名词；potato土豆，可数名词；egg鸡蛋，可数名词； milk牛奶，不可数名词。根据空格前修饰词little可知空格处用不可数名词，little 意为“几乎没有，很少”，修饰不可数名词。故选D。 30．D 【详解】句意：你可以在说英语的国家里提高你的英语口语。 考查名词作宾语和形容词作定语。spoken English“英语口语”；English-speaking“说英语”，作定语。根据“You can improve your…while staying in an…country.”和选项，可知，第一个空格处应填形容词+名词作宾语，第二个空格处修饰名词“country”作定语。故选D。 31．D 【详解】句意：政府在环境保护方面取得了一些进展。 考查名词的数。mistake错误；decision决定；change变化；progress进展。mistake，decision和change为可数名词，progress为不可数名词，some+可数名词复数或者不可数名词，故选D。 32．B 【详解】句意：迈克昨晚好几个小时没睡觉，因为他睡前喝了太多咖啡。 考查名词辨析。biscuit饼干，可数名词；coffee咖啡，不可数名词；noodle面条，可数名词；chicken wing鸡翅，可数名词。too much“太多”，修饰不可数名词，coffee符合题意。故选B。 33．C 【详解】句意：就目前而言，我们可以从书上或互联网上收集许多信息。 考查名词辨析。idea想法，主意；method方法；information信息；suggestion建议。根据空格前形容词“much”可知填不可数名词，idea、method和suggestion是可数名词，而information是不可数名词。故选C。 34．B 【详解】句意：现在有很多人在帮助清除街上的积雪。 考查主谓一致。is/are,系动词be,is是单数，其过去式是was；are是复数，其过去式是were。根据“Now a large number of people…helping clear the snow in the street.”可知，句子时态为现在进行时。a large number of意为“大量，许多”，其后跟可数名词复数形式，即主语a large number of people为复数形式，people是集合名词，复数概念，所以be动词用are。故选B。 35．D 【详解】句意：蒂姆和他的朋友计划今年夏天去北京拜访他们的一个朋友。 考查双重所有格和名词性物主代词。they他们（人称代词主格）；their他们的（形容词性物主代词）；themselves他们自己（反身代词）；theirs他们的（名词性物主代词）。“a friend of+名词性物主代词”是双重所有格，意为“……的一个朋友”，所以此处用名词性物主代词。故选D。 36．D 【详解】句意：经过两个小时的交谈，他们决定去北京度假。 考查名词所有格。根据“After ... talk”可知此处表示两小时的交谈，用名词所有格two hours’表示“两小时的”。故选D。 37．D 【详解】句意：男孩们坐在一起玩他们最喜欢的游戏。 考查代词辨析。they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。a favorite game of theirs“他们最喜欢的游戏”，用名词性物主代词构成双重所有格。故选D。 38．C 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候鲍勃正在和他的一个朋友在网上聊天. 考查人称代词。he他，人称代词主格；him他，人称代词宾格；his他的，形容词性物主代词；himself他自己，反身代词。此处为双重所有格，应用名词性物主代词，a friend of his意为“他的一位朋友”。故选C。 39．C 【详解】句意：我的班主任给了我很多关于如何学习的建议。它们非常有用。 考查名词辨析。information信息；advice建议，不可数名词；suggestions建议；news新闻。根据“…on how to study”可知，此处指的是建议，many修饰可数名词复数，因此此处用suggestions。故选C。 40．C 【详解】句意：尼古丁会影响心脏和肺的功能，这意味着它对你的心脏和肺有不良影响。 考查词性辨析。effect影响，是名词；affect影响，是动词；分析句子结构可知，第一句缺谓语，应用动词，句子为一般现在时，主语是单数，动词用三单形式；第二空是短语have a bad effect on“对……有坏的影响”，空前没有不定冠词，此处名词应用复数形式，故选C。 41．A 【详解】句意：三十年后，也许不会有足够的空间容纳每个人。 考查不可数名词和enough的用法。enough足够的，限定词，用于复数名词或不可数名词前；room空间，不可数名词；rooms房间，可数名词复数形式。根据语境可知，30年后，我们居住的空间会变小，可推测此处是也许不会有足够的空间容纳每个人，room应为“空间”，不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除B和C，又因限定词enough修饰名词时应在名词前。故选A。 42．C 【详解】句意：手里拿着点燃的香烟，照明工人来到了现场。 考查形容词和名词的用法。lit点燃，动词过去式或过去分词；lighted点燃的，形容词；lighting照明，名词。根据“a...cigarette”可知是点燃的香烟，故此处用形容词lighted；根据“the...operator”可知此处指照明工人，即lighting operator“照明工人”。故选C。 43．D 【详解】句意：这篇文章提供了很多关于如何减肥和保持健康的有用信息。 考查名词辨析。topic主题，可数名词；tip建议，可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；information信息，不可数名词。much修饰不可数名词，故选D。 44．D 【详解】句意：为了给我的新钢琴腾地方，我不得不从房子里搬走一些家具。 考查名词。desk课桌，可数名词单数；chair椅子，可数名词单数；bookshelf书架，可数名词单数；furniture家具，不可数名词。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，所以是furniture。故选D。 45．C 【详解】句意：去年的某个时间我们参观了那个小镇，在那里待了一段时间。 考查时间副词和名词短语。sometimes时而，偶尔，副词；sometime（将来或过去的）某个时间，副词；some time一段时间，名词短语；some times好几次，副词短语。根据“last year”可知此处指在“去年的某个时间”参观了小镇，应用时间副词sometime来表示；介词for后接表示持续的一段时间，应用some time来表示“一段时间”。故选C。 46．B 【详解】句意：你完成化学作业了吗？ 考查词汇辨析。chemical化学的，形容词；chemistry化学，名词；chemical’s和chemistry’s是错误表达。根据“homework”可知，此处指的是化学科目的作业，用chemistry作定语。故选B。 47．D 【详解】句意：史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格是世界电影界的顶级导演之一。 考查最高级和名词的复数。由“…one of...”可知，此处可考查“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，排除A和B；top（位置、级别或程度）最高的，第一流的，形容词，one of the top后也应接名词复数，因此排除C；one of the top directors意为“顶级导演之一”。故选D。 48．C 【详解】句意：这位老太太在50年代救了许多儿童，使他们免于饿死。 考查名词辨析。monkey猴子；elephant大象；children儿童；butterfly蝴蝶。many后跟可数名词复数，只有children符合。故选C。 49．D 【详解】句意：凯特计划今年夏天和她的一些同学一起为社区工作。 考查代词辨析。she她，主格代词，her是宾格形式；her她的，形容词性物主代词，修饰名词；herself她自己，反身代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词。空后没有名词，需用名词性物主代词，“of +名词性物主代词”表示双重所有格；根据句意结构，故选D。 50．C 【详解】句意：据说，广播、电视和新闻是三种最常见的信息传播方式。 考查形容词最高级。three三；the most common最常见的；way方式，the+数词+形容词最高级+可数名词复数表示“几种最……的……”，故选C。 51．(p)rotect 52．(e)nergy 53．(s)tronger 54．(r)eal 55．(h)appily 56．(o)ther 【导语】本文讲述了树木的生长过程，详细地介绍了不同阶段的特点。 51．句意：在1到3岁的时候，许多树学会了如何保护自己。根据“For example, many trees grow thorns (刺)to warn animals not to go near.”可知，许多树学会了如何保护自己。protect“保护”，空前有动词不定式符号，动词用原形。故填(p)rotect。 52．句意：大多数小树都长着深绿色的大叶子，这样它们就能捕捉到足够的阳光，并将其转化为食物和能量。根据“catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and e...”可知，树可以用大叶子捕捉到足够的阳光，并将其转化为食物和能量。energy“能量”，不可数名词。故填(e)nergy。 53．句意：它们长得越来越强壮，开始开花结果。根据“At the age of 15, trees become young adults.”可知，树成年了，变得更强壮了。strong“强壮的”，此处暗含和小时候的比较，应用比较级stronger。故填(s)tronger。 54．句意：直到这棵树长到20到25岁，它才成为真正的成年树。根据“it becomes a r...adult”可知，此时的树才真正成年。real“真正的”，形容词作定语。故填(r)eal。 55．句意：如果成年树得到适当的照顾，它将继续快乐地生活许多年。根据“If the adult tree receives proper care”和首字母可知，成年树得到适当的照顾，它将继续快乐地生活许多年。happily“快乐地”，副词修饰动词。故填(h)appily。 56．句意：当一棵树变成空心或部分死亡时，它为小动物提供了一个家，也是许多其他动物的食物来源。根据“When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it dies, it provides a home for small animals”可知，树死亡后，它也是许多其他动物的食物来源。other“其他的”符合题意，故填(o)ther。 57．(t)allest 58．(h)appened 59．(s)econd 60．(i)f 61．(f)oot 62．(s)now 63．(f)ollowed 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们探险珠穆朗玛峰的历史过程。 57．句意：珠穆朗玛峰海拔8849米，是世界上最高的山峰。根据“Mount Everest”可知，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰，空处填形容词最高级tallest“最高的”。故填(t)allest。 58．句意：如今，每年有超过500人试图攀登珠穆朗玛峰，但第一次有组织的珠穆朗玛峰探险发生在一个世纪前，1921年。根据“the very first organized expedition to Everest h... a century ago”可知，是指第一次有组织的珠穆朗玛峰探险发生在一个世纪前，happen“发生”，由“a century ago”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(h)appened。 59．句意：在此之后，他们的第二项任务是设法确定可能用于实际攀登的路线。根据“Their first mission”及首字母可知，此处是介绍第二个任务，空处用序数词second表示“第二”。故填(s)econd。 60．句意：最后，如果其他一切都顺利的话，他们会看看是否能真正完成攀登，登上山顶。根据“see i... they could actually complete the climb itself and get to the top of the mountain.”可知，see后是跟的宾语从句，表示“是否”，用if引导。故填(i)f。 61．句意：步行很艰难，以至于苏格兰化学家亚历山大·凯拉斯在他们到达山脚之前就死了。根据“they reached the f... of the mountain”可知，此处是指山脚，the foot of the mountain“山脚”。故填(f)oot。 62．句意：但是当他们试图爬到山顶时，却被大风大雪击退了。根据“they were beaten back by strong wind and s...”可知，此处应是指被大风和大雪击退了，snow“雪”符合语境。故填(s)now。 63．句意：在20世纪20年代和30年代，使用第一次探险的原始路线进行的一系列探险和失败的尝试随之而来。根据“A series of expeditions and unsuccessful attempts”及首字母可知，是指一系列的探索和失败的尝试随之而来，follow“跟随”符合语境，由“in the 1920s and 1930s”可知，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(f)ollowed。 64．(c)alled 65．(t)raditional 66．(A)ccording 67．(b)uild 68．(a)lso 69．(p)ay 70．(s)ending 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国情人节——七夕节。 64．句意：七夕，即农历七月初七，也被称为中国情人节。根据“Chinese Valentine’s Day”并结合首字母提示可知此处指七夕也被称为中国情人节，应用动词“call”，空前有be动词“is”，句子为被动语态，动词需变为过去分词“called”。故填(c)alled。 65．句意：它是中国最浪漫的传统节日。根据空后“Chinese festival”并结合首字母提示可知此空处应用形容词“traditional”，来修饰后面的名词短语。故填(t)raditional。 66．句意：根据传说，在七夕这一天，所有的喜鹊都会飞到银河上，为牛郎织女搭一座桥，让他们约会。根据“…to the legend”并结合首字母提示可知此处应用“according”，according to“根据”是固定搭配，位于句首首字母需大写。故填(A)ccording。 67．句意：根据传说，在七夕这一天，所有的喜鹊都会飞到银河上，为牛郎织女搭一座桥，让他们约会。根据空后“a bridge”并结合首字母提示可知空处应填动词“build”，表示建桥，不定式后跟动词原形。故填(b)uild。 68．句意：这个节日的意义也随着时代的发展而变化。根据“changes with the development of the times”并结合首字母提示可知空处应填副词“also”，表示意义也随之发生变化。故填(a)lso。 69．句意：如今，年轻人更加重视这个节日，在这一天通过送礼物或去一个相当浪漫的地方吃饭来表达彼此的爱。根据“…more attention to”并结合首字母提示可知此处应用动词“pay”。pay attention to“重视”，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，因此动词用原形即可。故填(p)ay。 70．句意：如今，年轻人更加重视这个节日，在这一天通过送礼物或去一个相当浪漫的地方吃饭来表达彼此的爱。根据空后“gifts”并结合首字母可知七夕会送礼物，应用动词“send”，空前“by”是介词，因此动词需变为动名词“sending”。故填(s)ending。 71．(c)elebrating 72．(i)nvention 73．(a)ccording 74．(b)ag 75．(f)ull 76．(H)owever 【导语】本文介绍的是全球的成功食物——有着五十六年历史的“方便面”，包括它的发明者、受欢迎程度、国际影响和食用建议。 71．句意：现在方便面正在庆祝他们的55岁生日！根据“their 55th birthday”可知此处表达庆祝生日，celebrate“庆祝”符合，由系动词are可知句子时态为现在进行时，空处用动词的现在分词。故填(c)elebrating。 72．句意：事实上，它们是如此受欢迎，以至于日本人投票选出方便面作为他们最好的发明。根据“Instant noodles were invented in Japan by Momofuku Ando”可知，方便面是一项发明，结合首字母，invention“发明”，形容词最高级修饰名词单数。故填(i)nvention。 73．句意：根据世界方便面协会的数据，每年全世界有950亿包方便面被吃掉。according to“根据”，固定短语。故填(a)ccording。 74．句意：在你大学的第一个学期，你可能会得到一个礼品袋，其中包括方便面！根据“a gift b… that includes instant noodles”及首字母可知，此处表达礼品袋，bag“手提包；旅行袋”符合，不定冠词a后接名词单数。故填(b)ag。 75．句意：这是因为它们的保质期长，脂肪含量高，这使人们感到饱的时间更长。根据“This is because of their long shelf life and high fat content”及首字母可知，脂肪含量高的食物使人们感到饱的时间更长，make sb feel+adj意为“使某人感觉……的”；full“满的；饱的”。故填(f)ull。 76．句意：然而，方便面也不是完全无辜的。根据“instant noodles aren’t totally innocent”可知，此处与上文描述的方便面的优点形成转折，空处用however表转折。故填(H)owever。 77．(H)owever 78．(u)npopular 79．(a)gainst 80．(f)ell 81．(p)rices 82．(t)hemselves 【导语】本文主要介绍了爆米花是如何走进电影院的。 77．句意：然而，两者之间的关系比你想象的要年轻。后句和前句是转折关系，结合首字母可知，应用however，故填(H)owever。 78．句意：这并不是因为爆米花不受欢迎。根据“And their owners hated popcorn”可知，电影院主人讨厌爆米花并不是因为爆米花不受欢迎。unpopular“不受欢迎的”，形容词作表语，故填(u)npopular。 79．句意：电影院老板反对爆米花，因为他们认为这会破坏他们想要营造的高质量氛围。根据上文“And their owners hated popcorn”和首字母可知，电影院老板反对爆米花是因为他们认为这会破坏他们想要营造的高质量氛围。against“反对”符合语境，故填(a)gainst。 80．句意：几年后，美国陷入了大萧条。根据“into the Great Depression.”可知，美国陷入了大萧条，应用动词短语fall into“陷入”，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(f)ell。 81．句意：为了生存，影院不得不降低票价。根据“In order to survive, theaters had to lower their ticket”可知，降低的是电影院票价，应用名词price，使用复数表示泛指，故填(p)rices。 82．句意：一些影院老板甚至买了机器自己生产爆米花。根据“Some theater owners even bought machines to produce popcorn”和首字母可知，影院老板自己买机器生产爆米花，此处需要用反身代词themselves，故填(t)hemselves。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 名词数词讲练（50题）+首字母填空精讲（5篇） 核心考点聚焦 1 考点一：名词 1 考点二：数词 3 考点三：首字母填空技巧 4 当堂限时检测 5 核心考点聚焦 考点一：名词 1.1名词的单复数变化 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化 变化规则 示例 一般情况下,在名词后直接加-s orange- oranges橘子bag- --bags袋，包 以-s,-x,-ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es. box- --boxes 盒，箱 beach- beaches海滩,沙滩 wish- --wishes希望,愿望 bus- -buses公共汽车 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先变y为i再加es. story- stories故事，小说family-families家庭 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词(多数情况下)加-es。 tomato -tomatoes 西红柿 hero- -heroes英雄,男主角 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词，一般在词尾加-s。 zoo---zoos动物园 kangaroo --kangaroos 袋鼠 .以-f或fe结尾的名词，大多数情况下先将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。 knife -knives 刀 leaf -- leaves叶,叶子 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化 单数 复数 汉语意思 foot feet 脚 tooth teeth 牙齿 goose geese 鹅 man men 男人 child children 儿童，小孩 ox oxen 公牛 单复数同形的名词 fish鱼 sheep羊 deer鹿 series系列 species种类 means方式,方法 “某国人”的复数形式 a Chinese- --two Chinese两个中国人 an Englishman --- three Englishmen 3个英国人 a German- --five Germans 5个德国人 3.复合名词的复数形式 规则 示例 复合名词变复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复教;如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。 looker-on- -lookers-on 旁观者 grown-up grown-ups成年人 由man成woman构成的复合名词变复数时，前后两个名词都要变成复数形式。 a man teacher --three men teachers3个男教师 4.特殊的可数名词的复数形式 规则 示例 有些名词经常或只能用复数形式，不能被具体的数词修饰。若表达具体数目，要借助量词par(对，双)，suit(套)等。 glasses眼镜--a pair of gasses一副眼镜 集体名词以单数形式出现,但表示复数意义。其前不能用具体的数词修饰,只能加the，表示“全体......” the police 警察 the cattle牛the people人们 1.2 不可数名词的用法 不可数名词前不能加不定冠词a/an,也无复数形式。 1.中考中常见的不可数名词 rice大米 news新闻 bread面包 information信息 milk牛奶 beef牛肉 food食物 orange橙汁 work工作 fun乐趣 advice建议 homework家庭作业 trouble麻烦 time时间 weather天气 furniture 家具 2.不可数名词的数量表达 不可数名词在表达数量关系时，可借助表示数量单位的短语修饰。 a bottle of orange juice 1瓶橙汁 five bags of rice 5袋大米 1.3 名词所有格 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有或所属关系。 规则 示例 -’s所有格 表示有生命的名词的所有格-般在其词尾加-’s,以-s或-es结尾的名词只加-’。 my cousin's clothes我表弟的衣服 students' books 学生们的书 表示时间、距离、度量街、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命事物的名词,也可以加-'s或者-’构成所有格。 today's newspaper今天的报纸 two hours' ride 两个小时的车程 两人或多人共有某物时，只在最后一个名词后加-'s;如果该物为各自所有，则各个名词后都要加-'s。 Lucy and Lily's bedroom露西和莉莉(共同)的房间Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms露西和莉莉(各自)的房间 为了避免重复，可单独使用一's所有格,其作用在句中相当于名词。 Whose pen is this? Is it Tony's? 这是谁的钢笔?它是托尼的吗? of所有格 表示无生命东西的所有关系,of所有格由“of+名词/代词”构成。 We'll met at the gate of the school，我们将在学校门口见面。 .双重所有格 双重所有格的构成有两种形式:一种是“of+-'s所有格”，另一种是“of+名词性物主代词"。 a picture of Lily’s莉莉(拥有)的一张照片 a fiend of hers她的一个朋友 考点二：数词 1.1.基数词和序数词 基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。序数词由基数词变化而成，具体构成如下： 构成 例句 第一、第二、第三需特殊记忆。 first 第一 second 第二 third 第三 4-19的序数词是由其相对应的基数词后面加－th构成。 eleven→eleventh 第十一 thirteen→thirteenth 第十三 有4个词拼写不规则：fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth. 整十的序数词由其对应的基数词变词尾字母y为ie,再加－th构成。（注意：ten的序数词为tenth.) twenty→twentieth 第二十 fifty→fiftieth第五十 表示“第几十几”时，只将个位数变为序数词，十位数仍用基数词。 thirty-one→thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-six→fifty-sixth 第五十六 1.2.数词的用法 内容 用法 例子 分数表示法 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，作分母的序数词需用复数形式。单词之间可有连字符，也可以没有。如果是带分数，用and连接整数和分数即可。 1/3:one-third 年龄表示法 用“in+one's+整十的基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。表示一个人具体的岁数时，可用“at the age of+基数词”表示。 My grandmother is now in her eighties.我奶奶现在80多岁了。 编号表示法 ①用基数词编号时，用“名词＋基数词”表示。 ②用序数词编号时，用“the+序数词＋名词”表示。 502房间：Room 502 第七页：the seventh page 1.3.确切数目和大约数目的表示法 类别 表达法 例子 确切数目 当 hundred,thousand,million等前面有具体数字或有many,several,few等修饰时，用其单数形式，不与of连用。此时表达确切数目。 I make nine hundred dollars a week.我一周挣900美元。 约略数目 当 hundred,thousand,million等与of连用时，要用其复数形式，其前不能加其他表示数量的词语。此时表达大约的数字概念。 There are thousands of things I want to do.我有很多事情想做。 考点三：首字母填空技巧 1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。 快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。 2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。 把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。 3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。 在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。 首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。 当堂限时检测 一、单项选择 1．（上海长宁·二模）Stella is going to move into a new flat next month, so she plans to buy some ________. A．chair B．flower C．furniture D．picture 2．（九年级·上海·阶段练习）He was a medical student before he turned _______ writer. A．a B．the C．/ D．one 3．（上海静安·二模）Villagers in the mountain area used to raise many________ on the farm to make a living. A．bear B．horse C．chicken D．sheep 4．（九年级上·上海·阶段练习）Our class has already collected much on how to save energy so far. A．idea B．information C．suggestion D．way 5．（上海崇明·二模）Did Mr. Smith give you much on how to prepare for the coming exams? A．note B．advice C．tip D．book 6．（九年级上·上海·期中）The little boy often gives __________ to the headmaster on young people's problems. A．many advice B．some advice C．two advice D．two piece of advice 7．（21-22八年级上·上海闵行·期末）A friend of ________ will come to our party tonight. A．mine B．me C．I D．my 8．（2022·上海青浦·一模）The farmer raised plenty of ________ on his farm to sell for food and money. A．sheep B．cow C．pig D．chicken 9．（2021·上海长宁·二模）Angela, a friend of ________, will go back to her hometown to study next term. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 10．（2022·上海·一模）In her letter, Auntie Sue told us many _________ about her visit to Britain. A．news B．stories C．information D．truth 11．（2023·上海崇明·一模）Uncle Tom keeps many ________ on his farm and lives a happy life there. A．cat B．dog C．sheep D．chicken 12．（23-24九年级下·上海嘉定·阶段练习）There is only a little ________ in the fridge. That’s not enough for breakfast. A．cake B．milk C．egg D．vegetable 13．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m worried about the _______ of the medicine. A．safe B．safety C．save D．safely 14．（21-22八年级上·上海虹口·期末）The 2008 Summer Olympics was held in ________. A．London, Britain B．Beijing, China C．Tokyo, Japan D．Paris, France 15．（22-23八年级下·上海·单元测试）________ room is next to their parents’. A．Kate’s and Joan’s B．Kate’s and Joan C．Kate and Joan’s D．Kate and Joan 16．（22-23八年级下·上海·单元测试）The government has spent ________ money building bridges and widening roads in recent years. A．a lot B．quite a few C．a large number of D．a huge amount of 17．（23-24八年级上·上海普陀·期末）Yesterday two _______ asked me to show them the way to Shanghai Museum. A．woman tourists B．women tourist C．woman tourist D．women tourists 18．（23-24八年级上·上海浦东新·期末）To my ________, he achieved a great success in yesterday’s speaking contest. A．amazing B．amazement C．amazed D．amazingly 19．（23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）That __________ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it. A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’ shop 20．（2018·上海松江·一模）Uncle Tom raises (养) many on his farm and we often go there for a visit. A．horse B．sheep C．pig D．bird 21．（19-20九年级上·上海长宁·阶段练习）Two-thirds of the money has been spent according to the plan, but nobody knows how to use _______ of it. A．other B．the others C．the rest D．rest 22．（2020·上海静安·一模）Don’t be afraid to ask for some ________ about ordering the meal. A．suggestion B．method C．opinion D．advice 23．（2020·上海闵行·一模）I think one effective ______for me to improve my memory is to have enough sleep. A．information B．advice C．method D．conclusion 24．（2020·上海宝山·一模）The policeman gave us much on how to protect ourselves when we are in danger. A．example B．tip C．note D．advice 25．（2020·上海宝山·一模）Mary chatted with a friend of on WeChat for a long time last night. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 26．（2020·上海虹口·一模）The police are worried about the of the boy who has been missing for 3 days. A．save B．safe C．safely D．safety 27．（21-22八年级上·上海闵行·期末）Jackie’s strong ________ is to become a famous singer. A．hobby B．business C．ambition D．language 28．（21-22八年级上·上海嘉定·期末）When I have problems with my maths, I usually turn to my friend for some ________. A．advice B．suggestion C．idea D．point 29．（21-22八年级上·上海奉贤·期末）There’s little ________ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some for breakfast. A．tomato B．potato C．egg D．milk 30．（21-22八年级下·上海虹口·期中）You can improve your ________while staying in an ________ country. A．speaking English; English-spoken B．spoken English, English-spoken C．speaking English; English-speaking D．spoken English, English-speaking 31．（2022·上海黄浦·一模）The government has made some _________ in environment protection. A．mistake B．decision C．change D．progress 32．（2022·上海长宁·二模）Mike stayed awake for hours last night as he had too much ________ before going to bed. A．biscuit B．coffee C．noodle D．chicken wing 33．（2021·上海长宁·一模）For the time being we can collect much ________ either from books or on the Internet. A．idea B．method C．information D．suggestion 34．（2021·上海松江·一模）Now a large number of people ________ helping clear the snow in the street. A．is B．are C．was D．were 35．（2021·上海徐汇·二模）Tim and his friends are planning to visit a friend of ________ in Beijing this summer. A．they B．their C．themselves D．theirs 36．（21-22九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）After ________ talk, they decided to go to Beijing on holiday. A．two hour B．two hours C．two-hours D．two hours’ 37．（2023·上海闵行·一模）The boys are sitting around together and they are playing a favorite game of ________. A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 38．（2023·上海宝山·二模）Bob was chatting with a friend of ________ on the Internet this time yesterday. A．he B．him C．his D．himself 39．（23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中）My class teacher has given me many _________ on how to study. They’re very useful. A．information B．advice C．suggestions D．news 40．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Nicotine ______ the functioning of heart and lung, which means it has bad ______ on your heart and lung. A．effects, affects B．effects, effects C．affects, effects D．affects, affects 41．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time. A．enough room B．enough rooms C．rooms enough D．room enough 42．（23-24九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）With a ______ cigarette in his hand, the ______ operator arrived at the scene. A．lit, lighted B．lighted, lit C．lighted, lighting D．lit, lighting 43．（2024·上海金山·二模）This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A．topic B．tip C．suggestion D．information 44．（2024·上海崇明·二模）I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A．desk B．chair C．bookshelf D．furniture 45．（22-23八年级上·上海浦东新·期中）We visited the small town ________ last year and stayed there for ________. A．sometimes；sometime B．some time；some times C．sometime；some time D．some times；sometimes 46．（20-21八年级下·上海·单元测试）Have you finished your ________ homework? A．chemical B．chemistry C．chemical’s D．chemistry’s 47．（23-24八年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Steven Spielberg is one of __________ in the film industry in the world. A．best directors B．the best director C．the top director D．the top directors 48．（2020·上海松江·二模）The old lady saved many ________ from dying of hunger in the 1950s. A．monkey B．elephant C．children D．butterfly 49．（2020·上海静安·二模）Kate plans to work for the community with some classmates of________ this summer. A．she B．her C．herself D．hers 50．（21-22九年级上·上海虹口·期中）It is said that radio, television and press are _______ of conveying (传送) information. A．the most three common ways B．the most common three ways C．the three most common ways D．three the most common ways 二、短文填空 （23-24八年级下·上海崇明·期中）Trees are one of the oldest “citizens” of our earth. They keep our air clean, reduce noisy pollution, improve water quality and provide food and building materials.   Just like us, trees change a lot as they grow. At 1 to 3 years old, many trees learn how to p 51 themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns (刺) to warn animals not to go near. Most young trees have large deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and e 52 . When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges (挑战) later in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults. They grew s 53 and begin to produce flowers and fruit. It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a r 54 adult. The tree reaches its largest size. Not only does the adult tree gives us shed, oxygen and natural beauty; it is also a great place for a tree house, or a place for us to nap or read a book or listen to music. If the adult tree receives proper care, it will continue to live h 55 for many years. Gradually trees begin to grow older and older and even die. At this time, they still have their important place in nature. When a tree becomes hollow (空心的) or part of it dies, it provides a home for small animals, and is also a source of food for many o 56 animals. In many ways, the life of a tree is similar to our own life especially. When looking at the life of a tree, we learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge. Enjoy every minute of it and take care of the trees! （23-24八年级下·上海宝山·期中）Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给) The year 2021 marks 100 years since the first Everest expedition (探险). With a height of 8,849 metres above sea level, Mount Everest is the world’s t 57 mountain. These days, more than 500 people every year try to climb it, but the very first organized expedition to Everest h 58 a century ago, in 1921. A team of British mountaineers wanted to explore the mountain. Their first mission was to try to find a route to the mountain. After this, their s 59 task was to try to establish the possible routes that could be used for an actual climb. Finally, if everything else went well, they would then see i 60 they could actually complete the climb itself and get to the top of the mountain. They set off on May 18, 1921, from northern India and walked about 300 miles to Mount Everest. The walk was so tough that Alexander Kellas, a Scottish chemist, died before they reached the f 61 of the mountain. Once the team had set up a base camp, they set about exploring the mountain. They spent four months circling Everest to learn more about it. George Mallory led most of the high climbing on the slopes (斜坡) of Everest. But when they attempted (尝试) to climb to the top of the mountain, they were beaten back by strong wind and s 62 . Although the team was eventually forced to retreat (撤退), they were still successful in establishing possible routes for further attempts. Mallory himself tried twice more to climb to the top but died on the slopes. It was 75 years before his body was found on the mountain. A series of expeditions and unsuccessful attempts that used the first expedition’s original routes f 63 in the 1920s and 1930s. This was all before Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary finally reached the top in 1953, making history on the planet’s highest peak. （22-23八年级下·上海黄浦·期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (首字母填空，每格一词) Double Seventh Day, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, is also c 64 Chinese Valentine’s Day. It is the most romantic t 65 Chinese festival.   Double Seventh Day is about the legendary story of the Cowherd and the Weaving Girl (牛郎织女的传说). A 66 to the legend, during the Double Seventh Day, all the magpies (喜鹊) would fly to the Milky Way to b 67 a bridge for the Cowherd and the Weaving girl to date. In the still of the night, one can overhear their sweet conversations when they meet in the heaven. The meaning of this festival a 68 changes with the development of the times. Nowadays, young people p 69 more attention to this festival, and express love to each other by s 70 gifts or going to a rather romantic place for dinner on this day. （22-23八年级下·上海奉贤·期末）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给） What are some successful foods? McDonald’s Big Macs are popular. Instant noodles have also become a global success. Now instant noodles are c 71 their 55th birthday! Instant noodles were invented in Japan by Momofuku Ando (安藤百福).Trying to find a way to make noodles last longer, Ando began experimenting and in 1958 he made the first—ever pack of instant noodles. Now, 55 years on, they’re eaten all around the world. In fact they’re so popular that the Japanese voted (投票) instant noodles as their best i 72 . Each year, 95 billion packets of instant noodles are eaten around the world, a 73 to the World Instant Noodle association. In the UK, people call instant noodles “pot noodles”. University students like them a lot. During your first semester at college, you may be given a gift b 74 that includes instant noodles! But watch out—people may think you’re lazy if you are an instant noodle lover. Why? Because they are cheap and easy to eat! Despite their reputation (名声) for being “lazy food”. The UN often sends instant noodles as part of its food aid (援助) packages. This is because of their long shelf life and high fat content, which makes people feel f 75 for longer periods. H 76 , instant noodles aren’t totally innocent (无辜的). They’re high in fat and salt. Health experts say they’re bad for us and we shouldn’t eat them too often. （22-23八年级下·上海浦东新·期末）Imagine walking into a movie theater without being greeted by the smell of popcorn. It’s hard, isn’t it? For decades, popcorn and movies have gone hand in hand. H 77 , the relationship between the two is younger than you may think. Back in the 1920s, movie theaters were places of luxury (奢华) with elaborate decorations.And their owners hated popcorn. It wasn’t because popcorn was u 78 . The snack had been loved by people, especially kids. Sold usually from a cart, popcorn was considered a street food. Movie theater owners were a 79 popcorn because they believed it would damage the top—quality atmosphere they wanted to create. In the mid-1920s, more movie theaters opened. Not all of these new theaters were luxurious. They allowed people to eat popcorn while watching movies. A few years later, America f 80 into the Great Depression. Lots of people lost their jobs. In order to survive, theaters had to lower their ticket p 81 . And movie goers would often buy a bag of popcorn since it was the only snack that had remained cheap. Soon, movies and popcorn became a popular pairing across the United States. Some theater owners even bought machines to produce popcorn t 82 . The smell of popcorn filled movie theaters all over the country. Today, popcorn has long been an essential part of the movie-going experience. Mike Goles, a theater owner in the US, said, “Sometimes, people come to theaters just for the popcorn. They don’t even care what movie is currently playing!” 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$