外研版中职英语基础模块一 Unit7 When Disaster Strikes

外研版中职英语基础模块一 Unit7 When Disaster Strikes 话 题 导 读 I'll also check our basic medical supplies and see what we need. Not everyone was so lucky, though. Chengdu is famous for its agriculture and known as “the land of plenty” . This wasn't always the case. This is certainly the case with natural disasters. 知 识 要点 重点单词 prevent v.防止;预防 flood n.洪水 earthquake n.地震 typhoon n.台风 drought n.干旱 lightning n.闪电 rainstorm n.暴风雨 fog n.雾 last v.持续 supply n.必需品 flashlight n.手电筒 reinforce v.加强;加固 balcony n.阳台 passer-by n.路人 track v.追踪 damage v.&n.损害;损坏 distribute v.分发;分配 function n.功能 irrigation n.灌溉 achieve v.获得 agriculture n.农业 case n.情况;状况 region n.地区 dam n.坝 geographical adj.地理的 feature n.特点;特征 succeed v.成功 fertile adj.富饶的;肥沃的 productive adj. 多产的 shelter n.掩蔽;栖身之处 stable adj.结实的 proposal n.建议;提议 organise v.组织 melt v. 融化 cure n.治疗;疗法 重点词组 natural disaster 自然灾害 survival guide 生存指南 make preparations 做准备 buy in 大量买进 plenty of 很多 last for a few days 持续几天 medical supplies 医疗物品 move…off 拿开;拿掉 blow off 吹掉 pick up 拿起;捡起 keep away from 远离 charge up 充电 count…in 把……算入 distribute……to 把……分发给 at the thought of 一想到 work with nature 与大自然合作 be famous for 因……而出名 be known as 作为……而出名 in ancient times 在古代 decide to do sth.决定做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 solve the problem 解决问题 instead of 而不是;代替 succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 not (only)…but also 不但………而且 get away from 远离 turn off 关掉 make a proposal 提建议 in memory of 纪念……… lose one's life 丧命 think of 考虑;想起 prepare for 准备;为······做准备 get started 开始 point out 指出 be caused by 由······引起 result in 导致 sea level 海平面 suffer from 遭受 around the world 全世界 take action 采取行动 both……and 两者都 at that time 在那时 重点句型 There is a typhoon forecast for Sunday.天气预报说星期天有台风。 Not everyone was so lucky, though.不过,并不是每个人都这么幸运。 Then consider Dujiangyan, an irrigation system that is an example of a time when humans worked with nature to achieve wonderful results. 那么考虑一下都江堰吧，人类与大自然合作共赢的一个例子。 However, this wasn't always the case.然而,情况并非总是如此。 In doing so, it becomes possible not just to prevent natural disasters but also to benefit people. 这样的做法，不仅可以防止自然灾害，还可以造福人民。 Let's get started.让我们开始吧。 It is highly likely that lowlands and coastal areas will suffer from more floods. 低洼地和沿海地区将很有可能遭受更多的洪灾。 重点语法 构词法；情态动词的用法 第 一 课 时 课程学习目标 1.正确识读常见自然灾害的英文表达,如earthquake, typhoon, drought, flood 等; 2.掌握与描述灾前准备措施相关的动词或短语,如 reinforce, track, charge up, keep awayfr om 等; 3.了解志愿工作，能描述灾后为他人提供的帮助； 4.能够了解自然灾害的多样性，认识到人类活动与自然灾害的相关性，树立人与自然和谐相处的观念。 知 识 精 析 重点单词 1. enough adj.充足的 adv.足够地 ①enough 作形容词时，作定语修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数，位置可前可后。 We have enough time to get to the station.我们有足够的时间赶到车站。 Are there enough seats for four persons? 有没有足够四人的座位? (2)enough 作副词时，可用来修饰形容词或副词，必须放在它们之后。 This house is large enough for us to live in.这个房子足够大,我们住得下。 Strangely enough, some students lost their books and bags. 很奇怪，一些学生弄丢了他们的书和书包。 (3)enoughto句型:该结构的基本形式为“形容词/副词+enoughto+动词原形”,意为“足够地⋯⋯⋯;可以……” 。 He is old enough to take care of himself.他足够大了,能够照顾自己了 I was foolish enough to believe her.我相信了她,真是太傻了。 2. last v. 持续 It is said that the project will last four years.据说这项工程将持续四年。 How long do you think this storm will last? 你看这暴风雨会持续多久? 拓展|last 还可作形容词，意为“最后的；最近的；上一次的”，也可作副词，意为“最后；最近一次”。 This is our last bottle of water.这是我们最后的一瓶水了。 I wrote to them last month and I'm still waiting for a reply. 我上个月给他们写了信，到现在还在等回音。 At last he had his own wheels. 最后他终于有了自己的汽车。 3. supply n.供应;必需品 They are at the end of their food supply.他们的食物储备已消耗殆尽。 I will check our basic medical supplies.我会检查我们的基本医疗必需品。 拓展supply还可作动词,意为“供应”。 Cows supply us with milk.奶牛供给我们牛奶。 They can't supply our order.我们订的货他们无法供应。 4. else adj.别的;其他的 adv.别地;其他地 (1) else用作形容词,常常用来作后置定语,即:放在疑问代词 who, what, which 等后面或者放在something, anything, nothing, anyone, everyone等不定代词之后。 Who else can you see? 你还能看见别的什么人? Ask somebody else to help you.去请别人帮助你。 Is there anything else in your bag? 你的包里还有别的什么东西吗? (2) else用作副词,通常放在疑问副词when, where, how 等之后。 Where else do you want to go? 你想去别的什么地方吗? When else can I meet you? 其他什么时间我可以与你见面? 5. reinforce v. 加强;加固 The bridge is reinforced with huge steel girders.这座桥用巨大的钢梁加固了。 The novel reinforced the idea that we should protect the environment. 这部小说强化了这个观点——我们应该保护环境。 重点词组 1. plenty of 大量的;充裕的 plenty of 既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。 There are plenty of men out of work.有很多人失业。 We have plenty of time to finish the job.我们有充裕的时间完成这项工作。 2. forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事 I forgot to close the windows this morning.今天早上,我忘记关窗户了。(窗户没关) 辨析|forget to do sth.与 forget doing sth. forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事，表示这件事情本来要做，但是忘记了而没有去做 forget doing sth.忘记做了某事, 表示这件事情本来做了, 但是忘记了 I forgot to pay for this book.我忘记付这本书的钱了。(没有付钱) I forgot paying for this book.我忘了已经付过这本书的钱。(之前已经付过钱了) 拓展 辨析 remember to do sth.与 remember doing sth. remember to do sth.记得要做某事,表示这件事情还没有做 remember doing sth.记得做过某事,表示这件事情已经做了 Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 在你离开房间的时候，记得把灯关了。(现在还没有关灯) I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room. 我记得当我离开房间的时候关灯了。(灯已经关了) 3. see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事 I saw her cleaning her room.我看到她正在打扫房间。 辨析 see sb. doing sth.与 see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事，强调正在发生的事情，侧重强调看到的瞬间动作 see sb.do sth.看到某人做某事了，强调已经完成的事情，侧重强调的是看到了整个过程 I saw him working in the garden when I passed by. 当我路过时，我看见他正在花园里干活。(强调当时正在进行的动作) I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调过程，表述客观事实) 注意|其他感官动词,如hear, watch, notice都具有类似用法。 重点句型 1. There is a typhoon forecast for Sunday. 天气预报说星期天有台风。 句型:there be 句型,表示某地有某物。 There is a large library in our school.我们学校有一个大的图书馆。 注意(1)there be 句型转换中，当把肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时，若肯定句中有some, someone, something等词时,要变成any, anyone, anything。 There are some beautiful flowers in the garden.(改为否定句) There are not any beautiful flowers in the garden. There is someone in the room.(改为一般疑问句) Is there anyone in the room? (2) there be 句型中 be 动词的选择，要遵循“就近原则”，即当句中有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语的时候，be动词的形式由最靠近它的主语的单复数决定。 There is a book and two knives on the desk.课桌上有一本书和两把小刀。 There are two knives and a book on the desk.课桌上有两把小刀和一本书。 (3) there be 句型变成反意疑问句时,若句中有 few, little, no, not, no one 等否定意义的词时，反意疑问部分要用肯定形式。 There is little water in the bottle, is there? 瓶子里几乎没有水,是吗? 2. Not everyone was so lucky, though.不过,并不是每个人都这么幸运。 (1)“not every-…”表示部分否定,意为“并非都,不都” 。 Not everything will go well.并非一切都那么顺利。 Not every job will end up with a success, and not every dream will come true. 不是每一份无作都能取得成功；不是每一个梦想都能实现。 (2) though ①句中though作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而”，主要放在句末，表示补充说明。 It's hard work; I enjoy it though.工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。 ②though 还可作连词,意为“虽然;尽管”, 和 although 大致同义,可换用,只是 although 比though更为正式。 Though/Although it was raining, we went there.虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。 注意though 和 although 不与 but 连用。 典 例 剖 析 例 1 I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with . A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 解析 此 题表面是检测四个代词意义的区别，实际上考查对部分否定句 not…everything 的理解。 I don't agree with everything是一个部分否定的句子,强调“我不完全同意你讲的一切”。 【答案】A 例2 There a bottle of water and two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. are D. were 解析|there be句型中，当主语有两个或两个以上时，be动词的形式由最靠近它的主语决定。本题的主语有两个,分别是 a bottle of water和two bowls of rice,但靠近be 动词的主语a bottle ofwater 为单数形式，故 be动词用单数形式。 【答案】A 例3 it is raining hard, the boys are playing happily on the playground. A. As soon as B. Now that C. Though D. After 解析】 根据句意“尽管雨下得很大，但是那些男孩子们仍然在操场上开心地踢足球”，可知用though。 as soon as一⋯⋯就⋯⋯;now that既然;after 在⋯⋯之后。 【答案】C 例4 I forgot the door just now. So I went back and found it . A. to lock; locking; locked B. to lock; to lock; locked C. locking; to lock; locking D. locking; to lock; locked 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意： “我忘记刚刚锁过门了，因此我返回去锁门，结果发现门被锁上了。”forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过某事”,表示做过了但是忘记了;forget to do sth.意为“忘记要做某事”，事情还没有做。根据语境可知我回来的目的是锁门，此处需要用动词不定式作目的状语。find sth. done表示“发现某物被······”, 过去分词作宾语补足语, 表被动关系。 【答案】 D 课 后 提 升 一、 单词辨音 ( )1. A. fog B. home C. nose D. hold ( )2. A. doctor B. visitor C. reinforce D. director ( )3. A. damage B. track C. passerby D. balcony ( )4. A. typhoon B. flood C. moon D. school ( )5. A. Britain B. rainstorm C. certain D. mountain 二、单项选择 （ ）3. _____there anything in the classroom? A. Are B. Is Have ( )2. Li Wei, I'll go to Shanghai next week. Could you help me _____the flowers? A. watering B. waters C. water D. watered (3. Li Ping will have a speech tomorrow, so he must make_____ some today. A. preparation B. preparations C. prepare D. progress ( )4. I saw him _____with his teacher when I passed by. A. talk B. talks C. talking D. is talking ( )5. I forgot _____my name when I finished_____ the compositions(作文). A. to sign; to writing B. to sign; writing C. signing; writing D. signing; to write 三、交际应用 A: Oh, have you heard about the typhoon is coming? B: Yeah! 1_____ A: Hmm…some preparation work must be done to protect ourselves and also other people. B: Right! A: So first, let's check if there is anything near the windows that might fall down. B: 2_____ A: 3_____ B: Oh yeah, I nearly forgot that! A: 4_____ B: Ah…we should tell our family and friends and ensure they can make some preparations as well. A:5_____ (They made phone calls.) B: Okey! What we should do now is waiting for the typhoon, and don't worry too much about it. A. Good idea. B. What shall we do now? C. What can I do for you? D. True. It might hurt the passers-by. E. Ask me what just happened. F. Then close all our windows. G. Is there any other thing we should do? 1. 2. 3.4.5. 四、阅读理解 There are many natural disasters, such as floods, drought, mud-rock flows,earthquakes, tsunami(海啸), windstorms and the stretching of deserts. Millions of people are killed and houses are destroyed because of them. Now more and more people have the awareness that these disasters have something to do with what we have done to the earth. Because many trees have been cut down by people, soil is more easily washed away by the flood. Water is polluted. The climate is becoming worse and worse. So we are threatened by the natural disasters. But we have only one earth. As teenagers, we should try our best to protect it and make it a lovely place to live in. If everybody does something, we will be able to breathe fresher air and enjoy blue sky. ( )1. How many kinds of natural disasters are mentioned in the passage? A.4. B.5. C.8. D.7. ( )2. Why is soil washed away by the flood? A. Because many trees have been cut down. B. Because the environment is polluted. C. Because the climate is worse. D. Because water is polluted. ( )3. In order to protect the environment, which of the statements is WRONG? A. Plant more trees. B. Use more plastic bags. C. Use both sides of the paper. D. Turn off the tap after using it. ( )4. According to the passage, we can know . A. the natural disasters have nothing to do with people B. the natural disasters have something to do with people C. the natural disasters are not serious D. few people lost their lives during the natural disasters ( )5. Which statement is NOT true? A. We should protect the earth, because there is only one. B. The climate has something to do with what people have done to the earth. C. Natural disasters have nothing to do with trees. D. In order to make the earth a lovely place to live in, we should try our best to protect it. 第 二 课 时 课程学习目标 1.了解形容词构词法,通过语境猜测生词词义,掌握 achieve, case, region, geographical, feature, success, powerful, powerless 等词的含义; 2.掌握并灵活运用略读和扫读的阅读技巧，快速把握文章主旨，定位文章细节，理解文章内容及长难句；掌握基本的安全避震指令，会用英语设计一份地震避险和逃生指南； 3.了解中国从古至今传承的和谐自然观，坚定文化自信。 知 识 精 析 重点单词 1. example n.实例;例子 搭配|(1) an example of 一个……的例子 Let me give you an example of working hard.让我给你举一个努力工作的例子。 (2) for example 例如, 指用同类人或事物中的“一个”为例, 作插入语, 用逗号隔开, 可置于句首、句中或句末。 He, for example, is a good teacher.例如,他是位好老师。 Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.例如,噪音是一种污染。 For example, they may use the same toy.比如,他们可能玩同样的玩具。 辨析|such as 例如，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。 Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish. 有一些欧洲语言来自拉丁语，例如法语、意大利语和西班牙语。 2. achieve v. 获得;实现 You can only achieve success through hard work.你只有努力工作才能成功。 She achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.她实现了当一名著名作家的夙愿。 3. succeed v.成功 His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。 You will have to work hard if you want to succeed.要想有所作为,你必须苦干。 搭配 succeed in doing sth.成功地做成了某事 succeed 后面接动词时,用succeed in doing sth.,而不用 to do 不定式。 We succeeded in repairing the engine.我们成功地修好了发电机。 At last he succeeded in solving the problem.最后他成功地解决了那个问题。 拓展 success n.成功 successful adj.成功的 successfully adv.成功地 4. productive adj. 多产的 She is a very productive writer.她是一个多产的作家。 拓展|produce v.生产 product/n.产品 5. prevent v. 防止 We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正在采取措施防止污染。 搭配中revent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。 I prevent him from going out.我阻止他出去。 Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice. 什么都不能阻止他鸣不平。 拓展|(1)同义词组:stop/keep sb. from doing I stop/keep/prevent him from cutting trees.我阻止他砍树。 ②protect sb. from doing sth.保护某人不受伤害 You should protect the children from catching cold. 你应该防备孩子们受凉。 重点词组 1. 辨析 be famous/known for 与 be famous/known as (1) be famous/known for 表示“因为⋯⋯而出(著)名”。 He is famous for his great inventions.因为他的伟大发明,他出名了。 France is famous for its fine food and wine.法国的美食和酒是出了名的。 The grammar book is famous for its practical usage.这本语法书以其实用性而出名。 (2) be famous/known as 表示“作为……而出(著)名”。 He is famous as a great inventor.他是出了名的伟大发明家。 The town is famous as a wine-producing place.这个镇是一个出名的产酒镇。 This book is famous as a conference book.这本书是出名的参考书。 2. instead of 而不是;代替 instead of 是介词短语，它后面可跟名词、代词、动名词、介词短语或形容词等。 I give him advice instead of money.我给了他忠告而没有给他钱。 Now I can walk to work instead of going by car. 现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。 But the businessman grew worse instead of better. 但这位商人的情况没有好转，反而进一步恶化了。 拓展| instead adv.代替;顶替 instead一般用在句末，如位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开。 Last summer I went to Qingdao. This summer I'm going to Dalian instead. 去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将去大连。 Lily isn't here. Ask Lucy instead.莉莉不在这儿,去问露西吧。 He didn't answer me. Instead, he asked me another question. 他没有回答我，而是问了我另一个问题。 3. turn off 关掉 Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.离开教室时记得关灯。 Now, turn off the TV at once and do your homework.现在立刻关掉电视去做作业。 拓展 turn on 打开 turn up 开大 turn down 关小 turn over 翻过来 turn back 回来;往回走 turn around 转身;转向 turn in 上交 turn out 证明是;结果是 turn to 转向;开始工作;着手做事 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 重点句型 1. Then consider Dujiangyan, an irrigation system that is an example of a time when humans worked with nature to achieve wonderful results. 那么考虑一下都江堰吧，人类与大自然合作共赢的一个例子。 本句是含有定语从句的复合句, that is an example of a time when humans worked with nature to achieve wonderful results 是定语从句修饰前面的 an irrigation system。 2. However, this wasn't always the case. 然而,情况并非总是如此。 however意为“可是；仍然”，表示转折，可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 My father, however, did not agree.但是,我父亲不同意。 He was feeling very ill. However, he went to school.他感到很不舒服。但他仍然去上学了。 3. In doing so, it becomes possible not just to prevent natural disasters but also to benefit people. 这样的做法，不仅可以防止自然灾害，还可以造福人民。 (1)句型:It becomes possible not just to do sth. But also to do sth.不仅……而且……是可能的。 In doing so, it becomes possible not just to protect the environment but also to prevent floods.这样的做法，不仅可以保护环境还可以预防洪灾。 (2) not just…but also=not only…but also 不但……而且……,用于连接两个相对称的并列成分。 Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. 不仅是林先生，他的儿子也在两年前入了党。(连接两个主语) He plays not only the piano but also the violin. 他不但弹钢琴，还拉小提琴。 (连接两个宾语) 注意|(1) not only…but also 不能用在否定句中。 (2) not only…but also 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. 不但学生们，还有那位老赚獒屡孩该项对划。 例题剖析 例1 Mark Twin was famous a children-story writer. A. to B. for C. at D. as 【解析】be famous for 因……而出名;以……著称,后面一般跟事物。be famous as 作为……而闻名，后面一般跟人。 ||答案||D 例2 Not only Jim but also Alice and Mary teachers. A. is B. are C. am D. has 解析not only……but also 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数应与临近的主语保持一致。 此题的谓语与 Alice and Mary 保持一致。 |答案||B 例3 We were prevented by heavy smog seeing anything. A. from B. for C. after D. among 【解析】pr event sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事” 。 |答案||A 例|4 He is too busy. Let me go A. instead of B. so C. instead D. to 【解析】 instead of 是介词短语,不能放在句末。instead 是副词,通常位于句末。句意：“他太忙了，让我去吧。” |答案||C 课 后 提 升 一、单词辨音 ( )1. A. function B. irrigation C. question D. nation ( )2. A. achieve B. agriculture C. arrive D. away ( )3. A. geographical B. dog C. not D. forest ( )4. A. bread B. feature C. ready D. breakfast ( )5. A. term B. certainly C. fertile D. ruler 二、单项选择 ( )When a fire breaks out, we should _____the gas and electricity first. A. turn down B. turn on C. turn off D. turn up ( )2. Tom succeeded in _____the work on time. A. finish B. have finished C. finishing D. to finish ( )3. Jiuzhaigou is famous _____its beautiful scenery. A. as B .with C.in D. for ( )4. I'm considering_____ my job. A. change B. changing C. to change D. for changing ( )5. _____going there by train, he finally decided to drive by himself. A. Regardless of B. Instead of C. In spite of D. Instead 三、交际应用 Lily: 1_____ we should do some preparations. Dad: That's right. 2_____ Lily: Also the bottled water. Dad: Of course. I will check the gas pipe and electric wire. Windows should also be reinforced. 3_____ Lily: I'm going to clean the balcony and park cars in safe places. Dad: 4_____ Lily: OK. Dad: Good!5_____ Let's get started! A. What do you think of the weather in Beijing? B. Hope everything will be OK. C. Dad, there's a typhoon forecast for the coming weekend. D. What else should we do? E. Would you like some water? F. I’ll buy in plenty of food—enough to last for a few days. G. Don't forget to move the flowerpots off the balcony. 1. 2. 3.4. 5. 四、阅读理解 The earthquakes occur so frequently(频繁地). So how to survive the earthquake is very important. Here are some suggestions. First, when an earthquake happens, you should calm down. Don't be scared. Keeping calm can help you find the right places to hide yourself. If you are in a high building stay away from the windows and bookcases. Don't jump out of it. Try to hide under the desks or something stableWhen the ground stops shaking, leave the building as soon as possible, or you will be trapped into dangerous place. Second, don't use the elevator to go downstairs, because the elevator may be cut off by the earthquake. Third, if you are in the open air,(stay away from falling objects, buildings and power lines. No matter how strong the earthquake is, we should have the belief to defeat it and never give up. Try our best to overcome any difficulties. ( )1. Which is the best title for the passage? A. How to protect ourselves from the earthquakes B. The earthquake is coming C. Save lives D. Don't be afraid of earthquakes ( )2. Why can't we use the elevator when an earthquake occurs? A. The elevator is broken. B. There is no elevator. C. It's dangerous because the elevator may be cut off. D. The elevator is crowded. ( )3. Which statement is WRONG when facing a strong earthquake? A. Never give up. B. Have the belief to defeat it. C. Try to overcome the difficulties. D. Be scared. ( )4. If you are in the office, what will you do when an earthquake occurs? A. Use the elevator to go downstairs. B. Jump out of the windows. C. Stand beside the windows. D. Hide yourself under the desks. (5. According to the passage, what should you do when an earthquake happens? A. Get away from the bookcases. B. Rush out of the room and use the elevator to go downstairs. C. Hide yourself near power lines. D. Be scared at once. 第 三 课 时 课程学习目标 1.能够联系自身实际，有逻辑地表达日常防灾减灾的措施和更多防范自然灾害的方式； 2.能够运用略读和扫读的阅读策略快速把握文章主旨和段落大意，定位细节；通过精读，理解作者的论点、论据和细节信息；能够借助情态动词判断作者的态度； 3.了解人类活动对自然的双重影响，树立可持续发展的价值观。 知 识精 析 重点单词 1. proposal n.建议;提议 Proposal is easier than performance.建议容易实行难。 拓展| agree to one’s proposal 同意某人的建议 make a proposal 提出建议 2. organise v. 组织;安排(相当于 organize) We are going to organise a party before we leave our school.离校前我们打算组织一次聚会。The boy is able to organise his own life.那个男孩能够把自己的生活安排得井井有条。 拓展 organization n.组织 重点词组 1. ask sb.(not) to do sth.要求某人(不要)做某事 Mom asks me to help her do some housework.妈妈要求我帮她做家务。 She asks me not to play with them.她叫我不要跟他们玩。 2. in memory of 为了纪念…… 该短语是介词短语，of后可跟名词、代词或动名词。 He wrote a long moving poem in memory of his wife. 他写了一首感人的长诗来纪念他的妻子。 The festival is held in memory of the poet named Qu Yuan. 举办这个节日是为了纪念诗人屈原。 3. point out 指出;指明 The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework.老师指出我作业里的许多错误。 Will you please point out the man who saved the boy's life? 请你指出那个救了男孩性命的人好吗? 4. result in 导致;引起 The fire resulted in thirty deaths.那场大火造成 30 人死亡。 辨析|result in 与 result from (1) result in 导致, A results in B=A 导致 B Their dispute resulted in war.他们的争端导致了战争。 (2) result from 由于,A results from B=B 导致 A Great dangers can result from negligence.疏忽会招致巨大的危险。 5. suffer from 患有;遭受; 受(某种病痛)折磨 Sometimes I suffer from toothaches.有时我遭受牙疼之苦。 6. one third 三分之一 (1)分数的表达方式：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母后要加-s。 two thirds 三分之二 注意:分母若是2 和 4,通常用half, quarter代替。 one half 二分之一 a/one quarter 四分之一 three quarters 四分之三 (2)分数的用法 表示几分之几的人或物时，用介词of。若作主语，谓语动词根据of后的名词来确定。如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称形式；如果是复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。 Three fifths of the book is broken.这本书的五分之三都破了。 Three fifths of the books are old. 五分之三的书都旧了。 7. die from 因……而死;死于 用于因环境、事故等外部原因造成的死亡，后接除疾病和悲伤外其他的原因。 Many villagers die from snake bites every year.每年都有许多村民被蛇咬而死亡。 拓展|(1)die of因⋯⋯死亡；死于，用于因疾病、衰老、悲伤等自身的原因造成的死亡。 Her grandfather died of cancer.他祖父死于癌症。 (2)die out(指物种、家族、习惯、观念等)灭绝;消失;绝种;淘汰。 Many old custom have died out.许多旧的风俗已不复存在。 重点句型 1. Let’ s get started. 让我们开始吧。 句型:Let sb.(not) do sth.让某人(不要)做某事 Let me help you wash your clothes.让我帮你洗衣服吧。 Let him not sleep. 让他别睡觉。 2. It is highly likely that lowlands and coastal areas will suffer from more floods. 低洼地和沿海地区将很有可能遭受更多的洪灾。 It is+adj.+that+从句。其中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。英语中,为了避免句子头重脚轻，把it提前，把主语从句放在后面。 It is funny that he dresses like a monkey.他穿得像只猴子,非常搞笑。 It's strange that he was late.真奇怪,他竟会迟到。 典 例 剖 析 例 1 I don't really want to go shopping. , it's too late now. A. Except B. With C. Beside D. Besides [解析]句意： “我并不真的想去购物。况且现在太晚了。”except 除……以外(不包括在内); with 和; beside 在······旁边; besides 除······之外,还······(包括在内)。 |答案||D 例2 Li Lei clean the room a second time this week. A. makes B. is made C. made to D. was made to 1解析1 句意: “这周李磊被要求再打扫一次房间”。make sb. do sth.改为被动语态时,作宾补的动词前要加上to。 |答案|D 例3 the book broken. A. Three quarters of; is B. Three fourths of; are C. Three quarter; is D. Three fourth; are 【解析】句意：“这本书的四分之三都破了。”四分之三有两种表达方式：threequarters/fourthsof。含分数的短语作主语, 谓语动词由of后的名词(book)的单复数决定。 |答案|A 课 后 提 升 一、单项选择 ( )1. All of us went to the park Eric. He had to prepare for his final exams at home. A. except B. besides C. except for D. in addition to ( )2. It is said that he has written and sung the song his wife who died 2 years ago. A. in common B. in need of C. in memory of D. in support of ( )3. The number of the students in the primary school is about three thousand, and of them are girls. A. second third B. two thirds C. two third D. two three ( )4. We must read more English in class out of class. A. both; and B. both; as well as C. as well; and D. as well; as well as ( )5. The flood thirty deaths. A. because of B. pointed out C. resulted from D. resulted in 二、完形填空 On a cold morning, I got up and prepared breakfast for my wife. Lucy, my wife, 1 to music in the bedroom.Suddenly, I2____ that our house was shaking. I realized that there was an earthquake! I shouted loudly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the washroom!” My wife heard the 3 and ran into it quickly. The house was shaking even more strongly and then 4down. Afew minutes 5 , the land was silent. I 6 saying her name and I finally heard a response. We encouraged and 7 each other. We knew that we must 8_____a way to get out. I found that we were close but wrapped by some fallen stones. I started to move the stones 9 my hands. Ifelt pain from my fingers. Finally, I removed the last piece of large stones. I touched one of Lucy's hands, and then moved away the surrounding stones. Luckily, Lucy had a weak breath. Slowly, we sat on the 10_____and hugged together. ( )1. A. listen B. was listening C. hear D. was hearing ( )2. A. feel B. felt C. notice D. see ( )3. A. noise B. laugh C. shout D. smile ( )4. A. fall B. fell C. feel D. felt ( )5. A. later B. after C. behind D. ago ( )6. A. make B. made C. keep D. kept ( )7. A. said B. rested C. calmed D. stayed ( )8. A. look for B. looked for C. find D. found （ ）9. A. with B. by C. in D. on ( )10. A. chair B. bed C. ground D. table 三、句型转换 1. Let's get started.(改为反意疑问句) Let's get started,_____? 2. Not only John but also I am a writer.(同义句转换) John_____ I are writers. 3. My brother is too short to join the army.(同义句转换) My brother is not_____ to join the army. 4. There are some cakes in the basket.(改为一般疑问句) _____there cakes in the basket? 5. The teacher asked Lily to be careful next time.(改为祈使句) “_____next time, Lily,” said the teacher. 第 四 课 时 课程学习目标 1.了解构词法； 2.能够正确运用情态动词； 3.运用所学知识写一篇关于如何应对自然灾害的文章。 知识 精 析 重点语法 一、构词法 构词是按一定的规律和习惯创造新词。英语的构词方式主要有四种：合成、派生、转换和缩略。其中最常见的是合成与派生。 1.合成法是指用两个或更多的词合成一个词。 flowerpo t 花盆 earthquake 地震 workshop 车间 passerby 路人 classroom 教室 good-looking 好看的 2.派生法是通过加前缀或后缀构成新词。 (1)前缀通常可以改变词义,如表示否定的前缀 dis-, in-, im-, un-。 like 喜欢——dislike 不喜欢 possible 可能的—impossible 不可能的 correct 对的—incorrect 不正确的 happy 快乐的—unhappy 不快乐的 (2)后缀通常可以改变词性或词义。 ①构成名词的后缀:-tion,-er,-or, -ness organize v.组织——organization n.组织 drive v.驾驶——driver n.驾驶员 visit v.参观—visitor n.参观者 ②构成形容词的后缀:-ful, -less care v.关心——careful adj.仔细的 power n.权力——powerless adj.无力的 ③构成副词的后缀：-ly bad adj.坏的——badly adv.严重地;恶劣地 quick adj.快速的——quickly adv.快速地 二、情态动词 情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人的看法或主观设想。情态动词一般无人称和数的变化(have to 除外)。从本质上说，情态动词相当于一种助动词，它可以构成否定句、疑问句等。 ※can 和 could(could 是 can的过去式) 1.表示能力 与 be able to 同义。 I can swim.我会游泳。 He could read before he went to school.上学前他就会认字了。 2.表示请求或允许，与may同义。在这种语境下，could 比 can的语气更委婉、客气。 Can you share the room with me? 你愿意和我同住吗? ——Could I use your pencil? 我能用你的铅笔吗? ——Yes you can.可以。 注意此时，could 表示一种委婉的语气，和can没有时间上的差别，因此回答时要改用can。 3.表示某种可能性的推测，一般用于否定句或疑问句。 It can't be Mike. He has gone to Shanghai.不可能是迈克。他已经去上海了。 拓展| could have done 表示本可以做的事没有做。 You could have passed the exam, but you are too careless. 你本来可以通过考试的，但是你太粗心了。 ※may 和 might(might 是 may的过去式) 1.表示请求、允许。此时 might 语气比 may更委婉、客气。 ——May I close the window? 我可以把窗户关上吗? —Yes, please./Yes, you may.是的,可以。 ——No, you mustn't./No, you can't.不,不可以。 Might I trouble you to pass me the book? 麻烦你把那本书递给我好吗? 2.表示某种可能性的推测，一般用于肯定句。此时 may的可能性小于must，而 might 又小于may。 He may be very busy these days.他这段时间可能会很忙。 He might have had breakfast.他可能吃过早饭了。 3.用于祈使句表示祝愿,此时用 may 不用 might。 May you succeed! 祝你成功。 ※shall 1.用于第一人称的疑问句，表示征求对方的意见或提出建议。 Shall we meet at the school gate? 我们在学校门口见面怎么样? 2.用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 I shall write to you again at the end of the month.月底我再给你写封信。 He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上。 ※should 1.表示劝告、建议，意为“应该” 。 You should be more careful next time.下次你应该更细心点。 2. should have done 表示应该做的事没有做。 Your mother is worrying about you. You should have phoned her. 你妈妈正担心你，你本应该给她打电话的。 ※will 和 would(would 是 will 的过去式) 1.表示意志或意愿，可用于各种人称。 I will try my best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。 2.表示请求、建议等，用于第二人称的疑问句。此时，would的语气更委婉。 Will you answer the phone for me? 你帮我接一下电话好吗? Would you like to wait for a moment? 请稍等一下好吗? ※must 1.表示必须、应该，强调主观看法。have to 强调客观看法。其否定式是 mustn't，表示禁止、不允许。 I must be leaving now.我必须离开了。 You mustn't play by the river. It's dangerous.禁止在河边玩,太危险了。 —Must I pay for the ticket at once? 我必须立刻支付门票费吗? —Yes, you must.是的。 ——No, you needn't/don't have to.不必。 注意|用must 提问时,否定回答一般用needn't 或 don't have to。 2.表示推测，用于肯定句中，其否定推测用can't。 The light is on. He must be working now.灯亮着,他现在一定在工作。 注意| must have done表示对过去情况的推测,意为“一定做过……”。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.地面是湿的,昨晚一定下雨了。 ※need 1.作情态动词，意为“需要”，一般用于疑问句或否定句。needn't do sth.意为“没有必要做某事”。 You needn't tell him about it.这件事你没有必要告诉他。 —Need I tell him about it? 我有必要告诉他这件事吗? —Yes, you must./No, you needn't.是的,你必须。/不,没必要。 2.作行为动词,意为“需要”, need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事”,否定形式为“助动词+not+need to do sth.” 。 He needs to buy a pen.他需要买一本书。 They didn't need our help yesterday.昨天他们不需要我们的帮助。 注意 sth. needs doing=sth. needs to be done(主动表被动) The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这辆车需要维修一下。 ※dare 1.作情态动词，意为“敢于”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。 He dare not stay at home.他不敢独自一人待在家。 How dare you say that? 你怎么敢那样说呢? 2.作行为动词, dare to do sth.意为“敢于做某事”,否定形式为“助动词+not+dare(to) dosth.” Little John dares to go through the thick forest.小约翰敢穿过茂密的森林。 I don't dare(to) make a speech in public.我不敢在公共场合演讲。 Do you dare (to) walk in the dark? 你敢在黑暗中行走吗? ※ought to 表示“应该”，强调义务与责任，与should 同义，但比should语气重，常用于陈述句中。 You ought to get to school before 8:00 am.你应该在上午8点前到达学校。 重点写作 本单元主要是学习有关自然灾害的英文表达。联系实际，能熟练地表达个人应对自然灾害的准备工作。 注意事项： 1.文体:说明文; 2.时态：通常用一般现在时，有时也会出现一般过去时、一般将来时； 3.说明内容：围绕灾害带来的损失以及我们应该做何种准备展开； 4.文章结构：通常采用两段式的写法，第一段介绍自然灾害的种类以及这些自然灾害带来的后果；第二段详细说明面对自然灾害时，我们可以采取的行动。 常用语块： 1. result in 导致 2. medical supplies 医疗物品 3. keep away from 远离 4. suffer from 遭受 5. offer help 提供帮助 6. try to do sth.尽力做某事 7. solve the problem 解决问题 8. succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 9. lose one's life 丧命 10. prepare for 准备;为······做准备 11. be caused by 由······引起 12. take action 采取行动 套用句式： 1. How should we deal with them? 我们应该如何应对他们? 2. First of all,…Secondly, 首先……其次…… We should master rich knowledge about natural disasters. 我们应该掌握丰富的有关自然灾害的知识。 We should have a firm belief and unit e to fight against them. 我们应该坚定信心，团结一致和自然灾害作斗争。 5. As the saying goes, “Many hands make light work.” 俗话说: “人多力量大。 ” 典 例 剖 析 例1 —— we go to the zoo? —Yes, I’ d love to. A. Will B. Shall C. Do D. Does 解析 第一人称要用shall，表示征求意见。 【答案】 B 例2 I can swim.(改为同义句) I swim. 解析 can 相当于 be able to。 答案I am able to 例3—Must we clean the classroom now? —No, you . A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. mustn't 【解析】 must 引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't或者 don't have to。 答案： C 例4 —The children came back from the school trip. —They be hungry after such a long walk. A. can't B. must C. needn't D. may not 解析 考 查情态动词。can't表示否定的猜测，must 表示肯定的猜测，由语境可知是表示肯定的猜测。 【答案】 B 课 后 提 升 一、单项选择 ( )1. It_____ be Xiao Wang. He has gone to America. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not ( )2.—May I go out to play in the street? ——No, you_____ . It's very dangerous. A. can't B. may not C. mustn't D. needn't ( )3.—Must I finish the work today? —____________ A. No, you must B. No, you needn't C. No, you mustn't D. No, you don't ( )4. Mom,I've finished my homework. I go out and play for a while? A. Will B. Can C. Must D. Should ( )5.—Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes, you________ . A. might B. will C. can D. could 二、句型转换 1. The patient need have a rest.(改为否定句) The patient________ a rest. 2. He can run very fast.(改为一般疑问句) ________he very fast? 3. The monkey is very clever.(改为感叹句) ________the monkey is! 4. She went to Beijing by plane last week.(对画线部分提问) ________she go to Beijing last week? 5. Our teacher told him not to be late again.(改为祈使句) ________late again. 三、书面表达 洪水、火山爆发、地震和海啸等自然灾害经常不期而至。面对自然灾害我们应该怎么做呢?请你根据以下要点,以 How to Deal With Natural Disasters? 为题写一篇英语短文。 要点：1.自然灾害造成的损失惨重； 2.我们应该掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备。当自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念并团160 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。 要求:1.词数:80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Deal With Natural Disasters? Natural disasters, such as floods, Volcanic eruptions,earthquakes and tsunamis can happen at any time They often cause a loss of life and damage How should we deal with them? First of all, we should master rich knowledge about natural disasters and make a dequate preparations for them,becondly when natural disasters real l happen, we should have a firm belief and hurte to fight against them As the old saying goes"Many hands make lightwork" Moreover, we should keep calm and try to save ourselves and helpoth ers only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end $$