课时作业14（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(十四) (限时：35分钟) 层级一　语用巩固 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He spent the evening wrapping (wrap) up the Christmas presents. 2．What made the employee angry (anger) was his being blamed by his boss. 3．This coat is dirty (dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaner's. 4．This kind of training is ineffective, and wasteful (waste) of rare resources. 5．We are trying to raise awareness (aware) of the environment in general. 6． Anxiously (anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on. 7．The moment the woman got home, she set about cleaning (clean) the house. 8．There are many kinds of art.Some modern art is abstract while some is realistic (reality)． 9．I was stuck (stick) for five or six minutes though it felt much longer. 10．The collection (collect) of paintings is not accessible to the public. Ⅱ.选词填空 traffic jam；stressed out；compared to；go up；an average of；be related to；to be frank；up to；sit around；pick up 1．What he must not do is to sit around at home feeling sorry for himself. 2． To be frank , he is not an able man, but he is optimistic. 3．She picked up the telephone and dialed his phone number. 4．It is assumed that mental health is related to physical health. 5．It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed. 6．The designer feels stressed out because he can't speak English well. 7． Compared to a traditional smartphone, Paper Phone is lighter in weight. 8．Though she is only 3 years old, she can count up to one hundred and backward. 9．It is unusual that the price of oil has gone up by over 50 percent in less than a year. 10．The reason why the professor came late was that he was stuck in the traffic jam . Ⅲ.单句写作 1．毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。 There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up . 2．现在我们不得不提高环保的公共意识。 Now we have to raise the public awareness of environmental protection . 3．英语老师强调了学好英语的重要性。 The English teacher stressed the importance of learning English well. 4．他醉心于拉小提琴，没有注意到小偷进屋。 Addicted to playing the violin , he didn't find a thief walking into his house. 5．大部分同学想去公园，然而我有个去更好地方的主意。 Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place . Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Cars have made people 1. angry (anger) and stressed out and caused the real costs socially.Take Britain for example.In the last 20 years, the number of cars on the roads 2. has gone (go) up by 25%.Over the last decade, 3. an average of 2,500 people have died every year in vehicle accidents.Traffic is one of the major 4. causes (cause) of global warming and climate change.Almost 30,000 deaths per year 5. are caused (cause) by air pollution.Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution. Jenny Trowe of Greenpeace gave some advice about how to give up 6. driving (drive)．Firstly, use your legs.Regular exercise can cut the risk of heart disease 7. by 50%！Secondly, use public transport.Thirdly, think before 8. going (go)．Before you get into your car, think about 9. whether you really need to make that journey.Besides, share cars.It is much cheaper and 10. kinder (kind) to the environment.Last, take action! Don't just sit around and complain！ 层级二　素养提升 Ⅴ.阅读 Canada has reintroduced some bisons(北美野牛) to the country's oldest national park in Banff, Alberta, officials said on Monday, more than 130 years after the North American animal last appeared on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies. The protection team moved a group of 16 bisons into enclosed grassland in Banff National Park in the west of the province last week.The group will stay under observation in the Panther Valley until next summer, when the animals will be released into the full 1,189km2 reintroduction zone in the park's eastern valleys. Parks Canada said bisons were once main grazers (plant-eaters) and that bringing them back would recover their missing role in Banff's ecosystem.“This would be one of only four bison groups in North America that would be fully interacting with their predators (meat-eaters) and shaping the ecosystem as they did over a hundred years ago，” said Karsten Heuer, the bison reintroduction project manager.Those predators will include wolves and bears native to the park. Ten pregnant female bisons and six young bulls were disease-tested before being driven 400km across Alberta by truck.Since the Panther Valley is not easy to reach by road, officials attached the containers by a long line to a plane and flew them in one at a time for the last 25km. Vast bison groups of up to 30 million animals once lived freely across North America.The animal was nearly hunted to extinction, and park keepers estimate bisons have not grazed in Banff National Park since before it was set up in 1885. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为说明文，介绍了加拿大班夫国家公园重新引入了一些北美野牛。 1．Why did the protection team move bisons into enclosed grassland? A．To observe them. B．To protect them. C．To cure diseases. D．To change their habits. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，保护小组把北美野牛转移到封闭的草原上是为了观察它们，故选A项。 2．Why did Canada reintroduce bisons to Banff National Park? A．To reshape Banff's ecosystem. B．To help the bison population expand. C．To make the oldest national park worth visiting. D．To recover their predators' role in the ecosystem. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，加拿大在班夫国家公园重新引入北美野牛是为了重塑班夫的生态系统，故选A项。 3．What's the main reason for the great decrease of bisons? A．Deadly diseases.　 B．Cruel hunting. C．Natural predators. D．Worsened ecology. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，残酷的狩猎是导致北美野牛数量大幅减少的主要原因，故选B项。 4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text? A．To show how to protect bisons. B．To describe the living condition of bisons. C．To explain how to transport bisons to Banff. D．To inform readers of bisons returning to Banff. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。本文主要介绍了加拿大班夫国家公园重新引入了一些北美野牛，通读全文可推知作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者北美野牛返回了班夫，故选D项。 Today, the most frightening living shark is the great white, which is over six meters long and bites with a force of two tonnes.Its fossil relative, Megalodon that lived about 2.3 to 3.6 million years ago, was over twice the length of a great white shark and had a bite force of more than ten tonnes. Jack Cooper and his team used a number of mathematical methods to find out the size and proportions(比例) of this monster, by making close comparisons with a variety of living relatives that have certain similarities to Megalodon.He said, “I have always been mad about sharks.Megalodon was actually the very animal that inspired me to pursue palaeontology, the study of fossils as a guide to the history of life on earth, in the first place when I was just six years old, so I was over the moon to get a chance to study it.This was my dream project.” Previously the fossil shark, known formally as Otodus megalodon, was only compared with the great white.Jack and his colleagues, for the first time, expanded this analysis to include five modern sharks. “Megalodon is not a direct ancestor of the great white and is equally related to several modern sharks such as the salmon shark, as well as the great white.We collected detailed measurements of all five to make predictions about Megalodon.” Dr.Pimiento said. The researchers discovered that the babies of all these modern sharks start out as little adults, and they don't change in proportion as they get larger.Jack Cooper said, “This means we could simply take the growth curves(生长曲线) of the five modern forms and forecast the overall shape as they get larger and larger, right up to a body length of 16 meters.” The results suggest that a 16-meter-long Megalodon likely had a head round 4.65 meters long, a fin about 1.62 meters tall on the back and a tail around 3.85 meters high.The reconstruction of the size of Megalodon's body parts represents a fundamental step towards a better understanding of this huge extinct shark. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/人与动植物。本文为说明文，主要讲述了科学家对Megalodon这种鲨鱼体型大小、长度的研究过程和成果。 5．What does the underlined phrase “over the moon” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Very excited.　 B．A bit hesitant. C．Really stressed. D．Totally unprepared. 答案　A 解析　词句猜测题。画线句讲到，他终于有机会研究自己梦寐以求的项目，非常激动，因此over the moon意为“非常激动的”，故选A项。 6．What was special about the new study led by Jack Cooper? A．It proved the real existence of Megalodon. B．It was based on data from five types of modern sharks. C．It was aimed at finding the direct ancestor of the great white. D．It compared Megalodon with the great white for the first time. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，Jack Cooper领导的这项新研究的特别之处在于该研究基于五种现代鲨鱼的数据，故选B项。 7．What did the researcher find about Megalodon? A．Their bite force was equal to the great white's. B．Their body proportions changed during growth. C．Their fin on the back could be as tall as an adult woman. D．Their babies had the same body length as modern baby sharks. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段首句可知，研究人员发现巨齿鲨背上的鳍可以和成年人类一样高，故选C项。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．A shark lover and his research team. B．A study on the body size of Megalodon. C．Different opinions on the body length of Megalodon. D．The relation between Megalodon and modern sharks. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。本文主要对Megalodon的身体比例、长度进行了分析，故选B项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$