课时作业13（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(十三) (限时：35分钟) Ⅰ.阅读 In the movie The Wrong Trousers, a pair of futuristic trousers lets people walk on walls and ceilings.Inspired by the movie, researchers in England created “The Right Trousers”, a set of trousers embedded(嵌入) with electrical pumps to force air into tiny tubes that expand and can help elderly or disabled people with issues like getting up or improving blood flow.Now, material scientists, computer programmers and fabric designers are working to advance robotic clothing. In June, researchers in Australia created robotic fibers, which can make fabric move automatically.Last year, scientists at MIT built fiber batteries that could be embedded into clothes and power robotic clothing.In recent years, Google partnered with brands like Levi's and Adidas to put sensors in jackets, backpacks and shoes, letting users access their phones instantly.Researchers said they could soon unlock an era where clothing will act more like a computer, sensing how your body feels and telling your clothes how to help. At the University of New South Wales in Australia, researchers are creating fabrics that can shape-shift.Thanh Nho Do, a senior lecturer at the school, said his team has created tiny tubes that can weave into sheets of fabric.These tubes can make fabric take various preprogrammed shapes.But challenges still remain for Do's team, notably around making these robotic tubes smaller so they can weave easily with other fabrics. Rebecca Kramer Bottiglio from Yale University agreed that many challenges remain before smart clothing “reaches their full potential”. “It will be challenging to make these clothes, equipped with fibers and technology, strong enough to go through multiple cycles in the laundry，” she said.Despite that, she says researchers will figure out a way forward.“Recent breakthroughs point toward a not-so-distant future where smart clothing will be a part of our everyday life，” she said. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/科技发展与信息技术创新。本文为说明文，主要介绍智能服装或将入驻我们的未来衣橱。 1．What inspired the researchers to come up with “The Right Trousers”？ A．A film. B．A blood issue. C．The way electrical pumps work. D．The way the elderly and disabled move. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，研究人员受到一部电影的启发，发明了名为The Right Trousers 的智能裤子，故选A项。 2．What did scientists at MIT do last year? A．They put sensors in clothes. B．They created movable robotic fibers. C．They made batteries for robotic clothing. D．They released smart clothing connected to cellphones. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，去年，麻省理工学院的科学家们发明了纤维电池，为智能衣物供能，故选C项。 3．What does Do's team find challenging? A．Making robotic tubes smaller. B．Keeping robotic tubes properly shaped. C．Producing stronger robotic tubes. D．Programming the shape of robotic tubes. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段末句可知，目前 Thanh Nho Do 和他的团队遇到的挑战是如何让这些机械软管变得更小、更适合纺织，故选A项。 4．What is Rebecca's attitude toward the future of smart clothing? A．Doubtful.　　　 B．Indifferent. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段末句可知，Rebecca Kramer- Bottiglio对智能衣物的未来充满希望，故选D项。 We know light pollution can threaten the heath and well-being of humans, animals, and the environment.Researchers have long studied the impact on birds and how brightness can affect their reproduction(繁殖), feeding, and migration behaviors.A new study, published in Nature, takes a comprehensive look at how light pollution affects birds throughout North America.It found that these factors can affect how birds succeed in reproduction and often are related to the impacts of climate change. For the study, researchers looked at data collected by other researchers and by citizen scientists.They analyzed how light pollution affected the reproductive success of more than 5,800 nests from 142 bird species across North America.They considered several factors including the time of year when reproduction happened and whether at least one chick got the feathers necessary for flight or independent activity. Birds typically reproduce about the same time each year, using daylight cues to time their reproduction to coincide with when the most food will be available to feed their babies.“Artificially changing day length with light pollution essentially misleads them to start reproducing earlier than they normally would，” Francis says.When that happens, sometimes chicks hatch before food is available.But with climate change, sometimes the results are a little different. “We also found that the same species that reproduce earlier appear to benefit from light exposure in terms of nest success.This was unexpected.We do not know for sure that light pollution helps birds cope with climate change.It needs to be tested in further research.Nevertheless, it is quite possible that light allows birds to ‘catch up’ to earlier prey availability due to climate change，” Francis explains. Researchers know through studies of climate change that plants and insects are starting to emerge earlier each spring.They respond to warmer temperatures rather than light.So possibly the birds are benefiting from that change. “A likely explanation is that light pollution causes birds to nest earlier and restore the match between the timing of their nesting and the highest availability of their food，” Francis says. “Again, this needs to be tested.Still, if true, it means that birds exposed to light pollution are ‘keeping up’ with climate change and those in pristine areas where there is no light pollution would not.” 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/人与动物。本文为说明文，介绍了光污染如何影响整个北美鸟类的研究。 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The data that had been collected previously. B．The effects of light pollution on birds reproduction. C．The ways to improve birds' reproductive success. D．The loss of birds caused by light pollution. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段第二句可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是光污染对鸟类繁殖的影响，故选B项。 6．What happens to birds exposed to light pollution according to the text? A．They get confused about the reproductive time. B．They are more likely to abandon their babies. C．They have a harder time finding food. D．It's harder for them to hatch the eggs. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，鸟类暴露在光污染中会使它们对繁殖时间感到困惑，故选A项。 7．What does the underlined part “that change” in the last paragraph refer to? A．They nest earlier. B．Plants grow faster. C．Insects appear earlier. D．There are more lights. 答案　C 解析　词句猜测题。根据画线词上一句可知，鸟类可能从这种变化中受益，所以that change指的是昆虫出现得更早，故选C项。 8．What might Francis most agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Light pollution has a great negative effect on the birds' life. B．Climate change is causing birds to change their food choices. C．Birds look for other suitable breeding sites because of light pollution. D．Birds are adjusting their reproductive time to adapt to climate change. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段末句可推断，Francis认为鸟类正在调整它们的繁殖时间以适应气候变化，故选D项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 In 2014, Xu Yitang, a student at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts, saw corals at an aquarium for the first time. Little did he know the chance 　1　 with the creature would spark a lifelong 　2　.He began to 　3　 the local market to learn about coral farming from merchants selling plants, fish and corals.He also searched for information on relevant forums online, and before long, started 　4　 a coral in a small fish tank at home. “The coral organism is easily 　5　 and has extremely high 　6　 for water quality，” recalls Xu.“In the beginning, its state was not good.” As he became better 　7　 of the creature, he learned that coral reefs are known as “tropical rainforests” and “underwater gardens” of the ocean, providing 　8　 for a quarter of all marine life.　9　, rising sea temperatures have led to coral 　10　.Xu felt an increasing sense of urgency and 　11　 to protect them. Fast-forward to today, he 　12　 a coral conservationist in a Sanya-based tropical biological research center. Each day, he spends several hours diving deep under the waves to observe and 　13　 the growth and development of the creatures. His story has been 　14　 in the recently premiered online program Burning Youth that aims to use documentary shorts and in-depth studio interviews to 　15　 the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life. 1．A．incident B．witness C．encounter D．consumption 2．A．passion B．vision C．friendship D．career 3．A．study B．frequent C．examine D．discover 4．A．treating B．preserving C．selecting D．growing 5．A．convinced B．pollinated C．damaged D．digested 6．A．benefits B．requirements C．yields D．responses 7．A．reminded B．informed C．warned D．convinced 8．A．shelters B．partners C．opportunities D．services 9．A．Somehow B．Nevertheless C．Therefore D．However 10．A．extinction B．extension C．decline D．boost 11．A．responsibility B．relief C．achievement D．depression 12．A．compares with B．applies for C．seeks out D．acts as 13．A．find out B．note down C．show off D．speed up 14．A．revised B．contributed C．announced D．featured 15．A．assess B．follow C．relate D．invent 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为记叙文，主要讲述了徐一唐和珊瑚之间的故事。 1．答案　C 解析　他一点也不知道与这个生物的偶然相遇(encounter)会点燃他一生的激情(passion)。 2．答案　A 解析　参见上题解析。 3．答案　B 解析　他开始经常(frequent)去当地的市场，向卖植物、鱼和珊瑚的商人学习珊瑚养殖。 4．答案　D 解析　他还在网上搜索了相关论坛的信息，不久之后，他开始在家里的一个小鱼缸里种植(grow)珊瑚。 5．答案　C 解析　下文提到珊瑚对水质要求高，说明很容易被损坏(damage)。 6．答案　B 解析　根据下文for water quality可知，此处指珊瑚对水质的要求(requirement)高。 7．答案　B 解析　随着他对这种生物了解的(informed)加深，他了解到珊瑚礁被称为海洋的“热带雨林”和“水下花园”，为四分之一的海洋生物提供了避难所(shelter)。reminded被提醒的；warned已警告的；convinced信服的。 8．答案　A 解析　参见上题解析。 9．答案　D 解析　然而，不断上升的海洋温度导致了珊瑚的减少(decline)。 10．答案　C 解析　参见上题解析。 11．答案　A 解析　徐感到保护它们的紧迫感和责任感(responsibility)越来越强。relief安慰；achievement成就；depression沮丧。 12．答案　D 解析　如今，他在三亚的热带生物研究中心担任(act as)珊瑚保护主义者。compare with与……相比；apply for申请；seek out寻找。 13．答案　B 解析　每天，他花几个小时潜入深海观察和记录(note down)生物的生长发育。find out查明；show off炫耀；speed up加速。 14．答案　D 解析　他的故事被最近首播的网络节目《当燃青春》报道，该节目旨在用纪录片短片和深入的演播室采访来讲述来自各行各业的中国年轻人的励志故事。revise修改；contribute有助于；announce宣布；feature以……为特色，放映，上演，故选D项。 15．答案　C 解析　根据下文the inspiring stories of young Chinese people from various walks of life可知，这个节目讲述了(relate)来自各行各业的中国年轻人的励志故事。 Ⅲ.语法填空 With 1. area of more than 397 square kilometers, Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area sits in Central China's Hunan Province.It 2.________ (include) three sections：the Zhangjiajie National Forest Reserve, the Suoxi Brook area and the Tianzi Mountain area.The major topography(地形) consists of sandstone hills, gradually3. (develop) into more than 3,103 amazing peaks, many of 4. ________ are over 400 meters high.Between the peaks lie valleys with streams, pools and waterfalls, and some 40 caves, as well as two large natural bridges.Remote 5. ________ the modern cities, the site is 85 percent covered with trees.The Wulingyuan is known for five 6. (wonder)：splendid peaks, unique rocks, quiet valleys, still waters and deep caves.It 7. (list) as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site in 1992.The entire area is covered with towering cliffs of sandstone and many forests which cover fantastic caves.The sandstone hills in Wulingyuan are unique in their large number.With the change of seasons and the weather, they 8. (constant) present different views to visitors.One of the 9. (high) mountains in this area is Tuerwangyue Feng or Rabbit Watching the Moon Peak, and Tianzi Mountain is particularly recommended for 10. ________ (it) good view. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/历史、社会与文化。本文为说明文，介绍了位于中国湖南省的武陵源风景名胜区。 1．答案　an　 解析 考查冠词。句意：武陵源风景名胜区位于中国中部的湖南省，面积超过397平方公里。with an area of…面积有……，为固定搭配，area的发音为元音音素开头，故此处应用不定冠词an，表示泛指。 2．答案　includes　 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它包括三个部分：张家界国家森林保护区、索溪峪地区和天子山地区。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语为It，故填includes。 3．答案　developing　 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：主要地貌由砂岩丘陵组成，逐渐发展成3 103多座惊人的山峰，其中许多超过400米高。句中有谓语动词consists of，且空前无连词连接，故空处应用非谓语动词，句中表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。 4．答案　which　 解析 考查引导词。句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为peaks，指物，在从句中作of的宾语，故用关系代词which引导。 5．答案　from　 解析 考查介词。句意：该遗址远离现代城市，85%被树木覆盖。(be) remote from…远离……，为固定搭配。 6．答案　wonders　 解析 考查名词的数。句意：武陵源以五大奇观而闻名：壮丽的山峰、独特的岩石、宁静的山谷、静水和深邃的洞穴。wonder(奇观)为可数名词，根据five可知，空处应用名词复数形式。 7．答案　was listed 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它在1992年被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产。句子陈述的是过去发生的事，It指代上文的The Wulingyuan，与list之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故句子应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为it，故填was listed。 8．答案　constantly　 解析 考查词性转换。句意：随着季节和天气的变化，它们不断向游客呈现不同的景观。空处作状语修饰动词present，应用副词形式。constantly不断地。 9．答案　highest　 解析 考查比较等级。句意：该地区最高的山峰之一是兔儿望月，又叫赏月兔峰，天子山因其良好的景观而被特别推荐。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”，为固定句式。 10．答案　its　 解析 考查代词。view为名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$