课时作业11（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(十一) (限时：30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读 Thorny devils, rattlesnakes, kangaroo rats and more have developed smart ways for surviving in water-scarce(缺水的) environments. Thorny devils In Australian deserts live some animals known as thorny devils.These animals specialize in eating ants, which are also where they get their water. But when ants are scarce, or conditions are even drier than normal, they have a backup.All they have to do is to kick the sand up onto their backs and let the network of tiny canals(沟渠) on their skins to catch small amounts of water and guide the liquid directly to their mouth. Namib desert beetles An ocean away in southwestern Africa, the Namib desert beetles pull off a similar trick.They use their backs as a cooler to catch water trapped in the morning fog.As the droplets grow in size, they run down the insects' backs toward their mouths. Desert rattlesnakes Desert rattlesnakes of the western US are able to live on just one hearty meal a year.But without a drink of water now and then, the snakes would dry up and breathe their last in a few days. So how do they survive way up in the Rocky Mountains, where water is scarce? Easy.They turn their bodies into bowls in the evening to collect the dew(露水)．With their cold bodies flattened into a bowl, the dew gathers on their skin. Kangaroo rats These pocket-size animals in the US Midwest plains never drink water.They spend 75 percent of their time in underground holes to avoid the heat in the desert.They survive on a diet of dry grass seeds, which they first bury underground. Because the underground soil is wetter than the surface soil, stored seeds may absorb as much as 30 percent more water than ones above ground.So when the rats eat their seeds, they get both food and water. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为说明文，介绍了棘蜥、响尾蛇等动物如何以独特的方式在缺水环境中存活。 1．Where do Namib desert beetles live? A．In Australian deserts. B．In the US Midwest plains. C．In southwestern Africa. D．In Canada's Rocky Mountains. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Namib desert beetles部分中的第一句可知，这种甲虫生活在非洲西南部，故选C项。 2．What is unique about kangaroo rats? A．They drink underground water. B．They bury their backs to get water. C．They don't need water to survive. D．They just use their food to gather water. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Kangaroo rats部分中的第一句和They survive on a diet of dry grass seeds可知，更格卢鼠独特的一点在于它们不喝水，只靠食物获取水分，故选D项。 3．Which may have a better chance of surviving in food-scarce environments? A．Thorny devils. B．Desert rattlesnakes. C．Kangaroo rats. D．Namib desert beetles. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据Desert rattlesnakes部分中的第一句可知，响尾蛇对食物的依赖度是最低的，更适合在食物短缺的环境下生存，故选B项。 Sunny Goyal and Unnati Mittal went on a trip to the Amarkantak Hills where they noticed a lot of plastic waste lying around destroying the beauty of the place.They saw animals consuming that plastic and tourists throwing away more single-use plastic, and learned that the locals also burn plastic waste along with wood to keep themselves warm.The amount of environmental pollution shocked the two students.Returning to their campus, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) in Indore, they realized the problem was everywhere. “We saw our friends and other students throwing single-use plastic away wherever they liked, even when thrown in garbage bins, none of it had been treated properly.And all of it ended up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)．We decided to do something about this，” Sunny says. And this is how Plament was born.Plament is a start-up that develops a unique material from plastic waste that can be then used to build eco-friendly furniture(家具) and items for indoor decoration.The material that these students have created is 100 per cent recycled and made out of plastic waste. “We were business students and didn't know much about the entire process.Our teachers at NMIMS helped us understand and also provided us with access to the labs.We made our first sample(样品) at our campus and within a few months of experimentation, we developed the material from plastic waste.” explains Unnati. Adding to that, Sunny says, “We collected different types of plastic waste, and each one has different melting temperature.We had to figure out what kind of plastic or plastic waste would be suitable to create furniture, after that it went through several processes like compression(压缩) and chemical treatment.The material created is finally heat- and water-resistant and scratch-proof(防划伤的)．The furniture made from this is lower in cost than wooden furniture and what other plastic competitor brands offer.And it is not as harmful as regular plastic.” 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为记叙文，讲述了两名印度高校学生以废旧塑料为原材料制造低成本环保家具。 4．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．The experience of a trip full of waste. B．The motivation for establishing Plament. C．The pollution that needs to be dealt with. D．The reason why Sunny and Unnati got shocked. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段第四句可知，他们旅行归来后发现随意处理塑料垃圾的问题普遍存在，这是他们成立Plament的动机。第二段的第一句也说明了这点，故选B项。 5．What did the students do first to develop the material from plastic waste? A．They consulted with the teachers. B．They did months of trials in the labs. C．They invited other students to join them. D．They collected as much plastic waste as they could. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作为商学院的学生，他们对如何用塑料垃圾研发新家具材料的过程知之甚少，所以第一步就是向老师们咨询相关知识，故选A项。 6．What helped the students figure out suitable plastic for creating furniture? A．Assessing the cost. B．Testing the chemicals. C．Identifying the melting temperature. D．Comparing different plastic materials with wood. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，不同材料的熔化温度可以帮助他们鉴别合适的原料，故选C项。 7．How does Sunny feel about the future of the furniture made from the new material? A．Worried.　　　　 B．Uncertain. C．Optimistic. D．Unconcerned. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这种材料有很多的优点，用这种材料制造的家具在价格上也有竞争力，Sunny对其未来的发展是很乐观的，故选C项。 Rain is vital to life on Earth.However, rain isn't just made of water anymore—it's partly made of plastic. Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth's atmosphere and traveling across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on April 12.Another study, published in the journal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every year more than 1,000 tons of the particles(颗粒)—equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles—fall in rain. Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter(直径) and come from a number of sources.Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits.Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨) in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the Daily Mail.Another major source is your washing machine.When you wash synthetic(合成的) clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed(冲掉) away with the wastewater.Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired. Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with.The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground.They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe.As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei(核心) around which water vapor(水蒸气) condenses(凝结) to form clouds.Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail. Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine.From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported the Daily Mail.As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble，” microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges.It (plastic rain) rains on the land and then gets blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else.There's no stopping once it's out.” 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为说明文。微塑料无处不在，本文分析了它的来源和对生物造成的影响。 8．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How microplastics should be handled. B．How microplastics are used widely. C．How microplastics pollute water. D．How microplastics come into being. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段首句和下文提到的三种微塑料来源可推知，本段主要讲微塑料是怎么形成的，故选D项。 9．What do we know about microplastics? A．They are light and can be easily dealt with. B．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain. C．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters. D．They have nearly affected the whole food chain. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段前三句可知，微塑料存在于整个生物食物链中，故选D项。 10．What do Steve Allen's words mean in the last paragraph? A．No place is safe from microplastic pollution. B．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse. C．Countries should work together to fight plastic pollution. D．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段Steve Allen的话可推知，他认为微塑料造成的污染无法逃避，没有安全的地方，故选A项。 11．What's the main purpose of the article? A．To compare acid rain and plastic rain. B．To warn people of the dangers of microplastics. C．To call on people to reduce using plastic products. D．To introduce the sources and effects of microplastics. 答案　D 解析　目的意图题。本文用雨引出微塑料无处不在这一话题，第三段分析了微塑料的三个来源，四、五段介绍它对生物的影响。由此推断，本文的主要目的是介绍微塑料的来源和影响，故选D项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Ways to Save Money While Traveling Who doesn't like to save money when possible？Traveling can be expensive, but with the right strategy you can bring down the cost.　1　 Look for free activities.If you do a little research, you'll see there are often lots of free activities in the area.Look at community calendars to see what is going on in town while you are there.　2　 Museums often have a “pay what you can” day once a week and sometimes have discounted admission after a certain time of the day. 　3　 Although some people might not like to cook while on vacation.I don't mind making breakfast in my room.I love having a cup of coffee, but room service can be very expensive.　4　 A microwave and fridge will also be helpful for reheating leftovers. Shop at farmers' markets and local stores.　5　 Also, shopping at local stores allows you to taste the local cuisine without having to pay the price of a restaurant. Buy some local fish and cook it up at your condo(公寓)． What are your tips for saving money while traveling? A．Rent an apartment instead of having to get two rooms. B．Book a room with refrigerator, microwave or kitchen area. C．Try these tips on your next vacation and your wallet will thank you. D．I try to never eat at attractions because they tend to raise the price. E．Do a self-guided walking tour to make yourself familiar with your destination. F．I'd rather eat in the room for breakfast and lunch and then splurge(挥霍) on delicious dinner. G．Farmers' markets often lower the price of their food towards the end of the day. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/社会服务。本文为说明文，介绍了旅行时省钱的一些方法。 1．答案　C 解析　顺承关系。下文介绍了旅行时一些省钱的方法，因此C项(下次假期试试这些小窍门，你会节省许多钱)切题，故选C项。 2．答案　E 解析　并列关系。根据下一句可知，博物馆通常每周有一次“尽你所能支付”日，有时在一天中的某个时间后可以打折入场，本空要同下一句一样来叙述寻找免费活动的具体做法，故选E项。 3．答案　B 解析　转折关系。下一句讲到虽然有些人可能不喜欢在度假时做饭，前后语意转折。B项(预订一间有冰箱、微波炉或厨房区域的房间)符合语境，故选B项。 4．答案　F 解析　因果关系。“我”喜欢喝杯咖啡，但是客房服务可能很贵。可知，本空与上一句为因果关系，故选F项(我宁愿在房间里吃早餐和午餐，然后挥霍吃一顿美味的晚餐)。 5．答案　G 解析　因果关系。上一句讲到在农贸市场和当地商店购物，本空要说明在农贸市场和当地商店购物的原因。G项(农贸市场往往会在一天要结束时降低他们的食物价格)符合语境，故选G项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$