课时作业8（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(八) (限时：35分钟) Ⅰ.阅读 Elon Musk is a businessman, inventor and engineer and is undoubtedly, one of the leading figures in the world of technology.Musk was born in Pretoria, South Africa in 1971.At the age of 12, he taught himself how to programme computers.He was accepted to a university in the United States where he completed a degree in Arts.After this, he started a PhD in physics at Stanford University.However, he dropped out to pursue his interest in startups and technology. He founded an online payment site that eventually would become a global company.In 2001 Musk began meeting with scientists to discuss the possibility of human habitation on Mars.Using his own fortune, Musk founded his company that designs rockets and space vehicles.It was the first privately owned company to do so.In 2012, the rockets made by the company docked with the International Space Station.Musk also received contracts from NASA, thus making history by proving that the concept of commercial space exploration was both possible and affordable. Another one of Musk's innovations is the electric car.Musk started a company and became the CEO in 2008.The company is named after Nicolai Tesla, the Serbian-American inventor and physicist, who is best known for designing the AC electrical system.The cars made by Musk's company are designed to end the dependence on fossil fuels and so reduce the negative effects of climate change and air pollution from cars. Why does Musk devote himself to such innovations? By creating opportunities to explore new planets, Musk believes that in the event of a major catastrophe on Earth, there would be the potential for the human race to continue elsewhere.On Earth, Musk's inventions are designed to find renewable, environment-friendly solutions to meet the challenge of an ever-growing global population. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/传记。本文为记叙文，主要介绍商人、发明家以及工程师Elon Musk成功背后的故事。 1．What can we learn about Musk? A．He learnt computer programming from his teacher at 12. B．He graduated from Stanford University with a degree in physics. C．He received government support to found the space company. D．He named his company after a well-known scientist. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Musk以一位著名科学家的名字命名他的公司，故选D项。 2．According to the author, what event was historic in Musk's career? A．Getting achievements in arts. B．Founding an online payment site. C．Receiving contracts from NASA． D．Becoming CEO of two companies. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段末句可知，在Musk的职业生涯中接受NASA的合同是历史性的，故选C项。 3．What is Musk's motivation for his innovations? A．To expand human reach and protect the earth. B．To stimulate people's curiosity about space. C．To realize his dream of becoming a leading figure. D．To make more profit and set up more companies. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据末段可知，Musk创新的动机是扩大人类所能及的范围，保护地球，故选A项。 4．Which of the following best describes Musk? A．Gifted and humorous. B．Curious and honest. C．Generous and considerate. D．Creative and responsible. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段首句和第三段首句可知，Musk是有创造力的(creative)；根据末段末句可知，他保护地球，是负责任的(responsible)，故选D项。 One of the winners of this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal.When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world”． Meldal's experience may come as a surprise to students.They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case. Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal.They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”， or “Renaissance”． The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students.They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.They are, in a way, learning how to be creative. Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but recognizing problems that need to be solved. The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another”．They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business.He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people's bodies. The Michigan State professors study creativity.They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists.The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests, Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/生活与学习。本文为说明文。研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人。 5．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage? A．Meldal's winning Nobel Prize. B．Meldal's original working field. C．Meldal's desire to understand the world. D．Meldal's study with Michigan State University. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段末句和第二段第二句可知，学生们感到惊讶的是梅尔达尔最初的工作领域，故选B项。 6．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”？ A．People who concentrated on just one field. B．People who are committed lifelong to their career. C．People who are equipped with various interests. D．People who are admired for established achievements. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段末句和第四段第二句可知，可以被归类为“博学多才”或“多才多艺”的人是有各种各样兴趣爱好的人，故选C项。 7．What's the author's attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins' discovery? A．Tolerant.　　　　 B．Cautious. C．Negative. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第三段首句和倒数第二段首句可知，本文作者只是转述鲁特·伯恩斯坦夫妇的发现，因此作者持客观态度，故选D项。 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize B．An Unbelievable Discovery C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner D．An Amazing Rise to Fame 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘诀，故选A项(赢得最高奖的秘密)。 Ⅱ.完形填空 As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation. Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years cultivating(培育) 13 new varieties of wheat and 　1　 to national food security, has done both.The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”， is a 　2　 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city. The research into new varieties requires 　3　 standards and precise(精确的) experiments.“The first 　4　 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose.Then we try a hybrid combination，” Zhang explained, “After several generations of trial and 　5　, and when characteristics remain stable, we 　6　 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) 　7　 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production. “Generally speaking, a good new 　8　 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 　9　 good resistance to bad conditions，” she added.“　10　, it also should be accepted by the market.” Zhang added that the team 　11　 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year.All year round they were busy with 　12　 experiments on the growth of the new seedling sand making records and analyses. “Agricultural research work is 　13　 and complicated.Sometimes your efforts do not 　14　.All we can do then is to think more, discuss more and find 　15　 on the land，” she said. 1．A．advertising B．contributing C．committing D．acknowledging 2．A．physiologist B．researcher C．novelist D．politician 3．A．strict B．efficient C．simple D．objective 4．A．step B．attempt C．method D．question 5．A．encouragement B．support C．defeat D．selection 6．A．obtain B．continue C．begin D．repeat 7．A．practice B．application C．appliance D．theory 8．A．circumstance B．machine C．farmland D．variety 9．A．produce B．enhance C．show D．develop 10．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise 11．A．watered B．bought C．protected D．planted 12．A．reporting B．designing C．conducting D．studying 13．A．tough B．normal C．distinct D．specific 14．A．end up B．let down C．break up D．pay off 15．A．answers B．comfort C．passion D．courage 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。本文为说明文，介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。 1．答案　B 解析　张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全作出了贡献(contribute)，做到了这两件事。 2．答案　B 解析　这位被称为“小麦之母”的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员(researcher)。 3．答案　A 解析　对新品种的研究需要严格的(strict)标准和精确的实验。 4．答案　A 解析　根据to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步(step)。 5．答案　D 解析　根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过(植物)几代的试验和选择(selection)，才能选出最优的。 6．答案　C 解析　结合上文提到选出最优品种和a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification可知，接下来就应该开始(begin)产量测试和疾病鉴定。 7．答案　B 解析　经过几轮测试后，可以申请(application)评估，批准用于市场生产。 8．答案　D 解析　她补充道：“一般来说，一个好的新品种(variety)应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” 9．答案　C 解析　根据good resistance to bad conditions可知，此处指新品种要表现出(show)良好的抵抗力。 10．答案　A 解析　结合it also should be accepted by the market可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。 11．答案　D 解析　张补充说，该团队每年种植(plant)7万至8万株幼苗。 12．答案　C 解析　一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行(conduct)实验，并进行记录和分析。 13．答案　A 解析　 根据complicated并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨(tough)且复杂的。 14．答案　D 解析　根据上一句可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报(pay off)的。end up结束；let down使失望；break up破裂。 15．答案　A 解析　那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案(answer)。 Ⅲ.语法填空 In the office of remote sensing scientist Liu Shaochuang, there is 1.__________ huge photograph of a camel he took a decade ago in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Wearing camouflage(伪装), he lay for hours by a pool of water in the Gobi Desert 2. (obtain) the image.Living in the harsh deserts in northwestern China and southwestern Mongolia, the even-toed camel is listed as 3. __________ (serious) endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.Experts evaluate that the population of this species is currently less than 1,000, of 4. __________ around 650 are in China. Since 2012, Liu 5. (lead) a team in tracking and studying wild camels 6. __________ (use) satellite remote sensing technology.7. __________ zoologists who focus on species, Liu has instead studied the interrelationship between endangered animals and their environment, which he believes will help develop a few better protection 8. (strategy) in the face of climate change.In the run-up to World Wildlife Day on March 3, Liu's research was held up as a successful example of 9. advanced space technology can benefit animal protection efforts on Earth. Liu works at the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.His studies have covered many fields, including polar region 10. __________ (science) expeditions and mapping the headwaters of great rivers across the globe. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。本文为记叙文，讲述了遥感科学家刘少创利用卫星遥感技术跟踪和研究野生骆驼的经历，以及他的研究领域和取得的成就。 1．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。句意：在遥感科学家刘少创的办公室里，有一张他十年前在新疆维吾尔自治区拍摄的骆驼的巨幅照片。空处表示泛指，意为“一张，一幅”，应用不定冠词，且huge的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．答案　to obtain　 解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：他穿着迷彩服，在戈壁沙漠的一个水池旁躺了数小时，以获得这张照片。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了”，应用不定式形式。 3．答案　seriously 解析 考查词性转换。句意：生活在中国西北部和蒙古西南部恶劣的沙漠中，齐趾骆驼被国际自然保护联盟列为极度濒危动物。空处作状语修饰endangered，应用副词seriously，意为“严重地，极大程度上”。 4．答案　which　 解析 考查引导词。句意：专家估计，目前该物种的数量不到1 000头，其中约650头在中国。空处和空前的of构成“介词＋关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词1,000作补充说明，先行词指物，应用关系代词which。 5．答案　has led/has been leading　 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2012年以来，刘带领一个团队利用卫星遥感技术跟踪和研究野生骆驼。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为Since 2012，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语Liu为单数，故填has led/has been leading。 6．答案　using　 解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语，且空处与谓语之间无连词，空处应用非谓语形式；此处主语Liu与use为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用use的现在分词形式。 7．答案　Unlike　 解析 考查介词。句意：与关注物种的动物学家不同，刘研究的是濒危动物与环境之间的相互关系，他认为这将有助于在气候变化面前制定一些更好的保护策略。下文说明刘关注的是濒危动物与环境之间的相互关系，因此这与关注物种的动物学家不同，空处应用意为“不同于，不像”的介词unlike，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。 8．答案　strategies　 解析 考查名词的数。根据a few可知，此处指一些更好的保护策略，空处应用strategy的复数形式。 9．答案　how　 解析 考查引导词。句意：在3月3日世界野生动物日前夕，刘的研究被视为先进空间技术如何有益于地球上动物保护工作的成功范例。空处引导名词性从句作of的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。 10．答案　scientific 解析　考查词性转换。句意：他的研究涵盖了许多领域，包括极地科学考察和绘制全球大河源头图。空处作定语修饰expeditions，应用形容词scientific，意为“科学的”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$