课时作业6（word练习）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(六) (限时：30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读 Four Places Named After Scientists in Antarctica There are many scientific breakthroughs made by women in the Antarctic.Here are four landmarks in Antarctica and the female pioneers they're named for. Jones Terrace(梯田) The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica's Victoria Land bears Jones' name.In 1969, geochemist Lois M．Jones led the first all-female research team from the US to work in Antarctica.Jones and her team studied chemical weathering in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, an ice-free area of Antarctica.Through chemical analyses of rocks they had collected, Jones and her team discovered many geochemical characteristics of the valley's ice-covered lakes. Mount Fiennes 8,202-foot-high Mount Fiennes, located on Antarctica's largest island—Alexander Island—is named for Ginny Fiennes.She established and maintained 80-foot-tall radio towers in the Antarctic.In 1985, Fiennes became the first female who was invited to join the Antarctic Club, a British supper club open to individuals who have spent extended time in the Antarctic region. Francis Peak The 3,727-foot-tall peak on Antarctica's Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis, who is the first female director of the British Antarctic Survey, the national polar research institute of the UK.Her collection of fossils on Seymour Island helped conclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica's abundant plant fossils indicate the continent once had a much warmer climate than it currently does. Peden Cliffs Peden Cliffs near Antarctica's Marie Byrd Land are proof of the labor of Irene Peden.She was the first American female scientist to both live and work in the Antarctic, where she used radio waves to study ice sheets.Peden and her team determined how very low frequency radio waves spread over long polar distances by measuring pathways in the ice.They also used varying radio wave frequencies to measure the thickness of Antarctica's ice sheets. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/对社会有突出贡献的人物。本文为应用文，介绍了南极洲四个以做出科学突破的女性科学家命名的地标。 1．Which place is named after a builder of radio towers in the Antarctic? A．Jones Terrace.　　　 B．Mount Fiennes. C．Francis Peak. D．Peden Cliffs. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Mount Fiennes部分前两句可知，Fiennes山是以南极洲无线电发射塔建造者Ginny Fiennes的名字命名的，故选B项。 2．Who proved the previous higher temperatures of the Antarctic? A．Lois M．Jones. B．Ginny Fiennes. C．Dame Jane Francis. D．Irene Peden. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Francis Peak部分最后一句可知，Dame Jane Francis证明了南极洲以前有过更高的温度，故选C项。 3．What is special about Irene Peden? A．She could judge the thickness of Antarctica's ice sheets. B．She discovered a lot of ice-covered lakes in the Antarctic. C．She was the first female American to explore the Antarctic. D．She correctly measured the spreading speed of radio waves. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Peden Cliffs部分最后一句可知，Irene Peden的特别之处在于她可以判断南极洲冰盖的厚度，故选A项。 Ma Long has had a good student image since childhood.Ma, born in Anshan, Liaoning, the “home of table tennis”， was sent by his father to practice table tennis when he was 5 years old, and he went to Shenyang at the age of 11.At 15, Ma Long joined the national team.Although he was the least talkative boy of the players, his perseverance(坚持不懈) was as great as his overall strength in table tennis.In 2006, at 18, Ma Long, together with his teammates, won a team world championship. Behind early fame of the genius is Ma Long's almost paranoid(偏执的) strictness towards himself.His daily routine throughout four seasons was a two-point line between the dormitory and the training hall, and he was the first to arrive and the last to leave on a daily basis.He had been doing so for ten years, monotonously and repetitively.His coach Liu Guoliang once said, “I went to the table tennis hall on a Sunday morning for an unannounced inspection to see how many players were training on Sunday.Only one person in the men's first team was there… A genius is not your fear, but your fear is that a genius works harder than you do.” Such a genius is Ma Long. However, after joining the team for nearly a decade, he suffered various types of failure, and thus was questioned by everyone.At that time, his teammate, another top player, returned to the national team.From then on, the teammate was so invincible that he achieved the personal Grand Slam(大满贯) within only 445 days, which was done in the shortest time in record.Seeing the teammate's achievements, Ma Long, at the lowest point, had the idea of retiring.But he was unwilling to just “disappear”． Then came the Suzhou 2015 World Championship, Ma Long crowned his career, winning the singles champion, and it had been ten years since he won a world championship last time.This title seemed to give him new prospect and all of his efforts paid off. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与社会/体育。本文为记叙文，介绍了马龙的成名之路以及他为此付出的努力。 4．What can we know about Ma Long in Paragraph 1? A．He was an outgoing and sociable person. B．He won the first world singles championship at 18. C．He started to practice at 5 in the absence of his parents. D．He stood out for his determination and professional skills. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，马龙以他的决心和专业技能脱颖而出，故选D项。 5．What can we infer about Ma Long according to Liu Guoliang? A．Years of training witnessed his loneliness. B．He was worn-out and under inspection every day. C．Hardship and fears swallowed him without mercy. D．The road to fame was never smooth but rather tough. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段刘国梁的话可知，马龙的成名之路从来不是平坦的，而是艰难的，故选D项。 6．What does the underlined word “invincible” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Approachable.　　　 B．Matchless. C．Selfless. D．Unbearable. 答案　B 解析　词句猜测题。画线词所在句讲到，他的队友只用了445天就完成了个人大满贯，这是历史上最短的时间。由此可知，他的队友很无敌，推测invincible意为“无敌的”，和matchless意思相近，故选B项。 7．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Ma Long: Pain is Worthy of a Champion B．Ma Long: Victory Deserves Focus of Attention C．Ma Long: Glory is Bound to Fade Away D．Ma Long: Chance Favors the Intelligent 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍马龙的成名之路以及他为此付出的努力，故选A项(马龙：痛苦配得上冠军)。 In a street largely unchanged since it was built in the 1800s, Hobart's Battery Point is probably the last place you would expect to find a farm. In one corner of Peter Handy's backyard is a controlled environment unit that houses vertical pastures(垂直牧场), the first of its kind in the southern hemisphere(半球)．Mr Handy is changing the definition of what it means to be a farmer.“I know it's really funny, because when people say to me, ‘Where's your farm？’， I'll say ‘it's in Battery Point’ and they're like, ‘No, there's no farms in Battery Point’，” he said “People think the Martians have landed because we've got this massive, big pink light that comes out of it from the bottom but other than that, they'd have no idea.” Not just a backyard project, Mr Handy is running a business. “It's here because I need to be as close to my customers, the chefs and restaurants of Hobart，” he said. “I aim to use the least amount of food miles as possible and make this a super-efficient business.” Using LED lights and hydroponic nutrients, the farm grows leafy greens, root vegetables and flowering plants. “I don't have to worry about floods, wind, wild animals, electric fences, turning the soil over，” Mr Handy said.Using 95 percent less water than traditional farming, the farm ticks the box environmentally. “I mean, this is definitely not the answer to food sustainability in the world.But it's definitely a part of it.” Science writer Julian Cribb believes a world food crisis is coming, due to a combination of loss of water, loss of topsoil, climate change and overuse of pesticides. “We're going to need to change the nature of the way we produce food and change the human diet at the same time，” he said, “and new urban farming methods would see most of the world's great cities feeding themselves.” Mr Cribb said Australia was still quite a way off from adopting urban farming.But he believes that it poses a rather unique opportunity for Australian farmers to sell their expertise to cities, teaching people to grow food in urban environments. 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自然/人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系。本文为新闻报道，介绍了Peter Handy在城市里所建农场的特点和在城市里种植的必要性。 8．What might people think of Mr Handy's farm? A．Scared. B．Impressed. C．Disappointed. D．Confused. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，人们对Mr Handy的农场感到困惑，故选D项。 9．What does Mr Handy say about his farm? A．It is not affected by weather. B．It mainly plants and sells flowers. C．It serves customers from near and far. D．It is the solution to food sustainability. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Mr Handy说自己的农场不会受到天气的影响，故选A项。 10．What's the purpose of Mr Gribb's words in Paragraph 5? A．To praise his contribution to science. B．To explain how urban farming works. C．To stress the necessity of urban farming. D．To present the seriousness of the food crisis. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Mr Gribb的话的目的是强调城市农业的必要性，故选C项。 11．What's the passage mainly about? A．Cities are struggling to get food. B．Technology is changing people's life. C．Peter Handy is a successful businessman. D．Food production is being moved into cities. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。本文主要讲了Peter Handy在城市里建的农场的特点和在城市里种植的必要性，即Food production is being moved into cities (粮食生产正在转移到城市)，故选D项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Bear Grylls is known for his bravery on a number of television shows, which have taken him to the most amazing corners of the planet.We were honored to be given the chance to interview Grylls, who gave us his honest thoughts on his adventures. ·When did you first discover that you enjoyed exploring the outdoors and going on adventures? I grew up on the Isle of Wight, and have strong memories of learning to climb on the sea cliffs with my father.To me, these were the stepping stones to my love for adventure, which has since taken me to so many different extremes on this incredible planet of ours.　1　. ·How do you prepare yourself for the dangers on your adventures? 　2　.And I've learned to treat it with respect.When I climbed Mount Everest, I fell 60 meters into an icy gap at an altitude of 5,800 meters.Thankfully, my best friend Mick and a Nepalese climber called Nima were able to hold the rope and pull me to safety.This taught me the importance of having a team when you are going to extremes.　3　. A lifetime of exposure to danger has given me a gratitude for life that has never left me.My goal is to get home to my family in one piece.　4　. ·Many people are often troubled by doubts and “what ifs，” and what would you say to them? Never give up! Time, experience, and narrow escapes have taught me that the best way to overcome our fears is not to run from them, but to walk right through the middle.　5　.When we refuse to face the tough stuff we come across in our lives, our fears tend to become worse.That's the irony of the situation. A．No man can survive as an island forever B．If you do this, you'll find that they often move away C．In the wild, you only have one chance to get it wrong D．Danger has been a constant companion for much of my life E．That's always been the guiding light through the darkness for me F．Those early days of adventure gave me skills that have lasted a lifetime G．There are few challenges that the British adventurer is not prepared to take 语篇导读　主题语境：人与自我/做人与做事。本文为对贝尔·格里尔斯的采访记录。 1．答案　F 解析　概括关系。根据上文可知，贝尔·格里尔斯在说明他早期的冒险经历促使他去不同的地方冒险。F项(那些早期的冒险经历给了我一生的技能)和上文意思一致，故选F项。 2．答案　D 解析　顺承关系。根据下文可知，贝尔·格里尔斯的行为伴随着很大的危险。D项(危险一直是我生命中不变的伴侣)引起下文，下文it指代选项中的Danger，故选D项。 3．答案　A 解析　重申关系。根据上文可知，贝尔·格里尔斯认为去探险时要有伙伴一起，不能一个人去。A项(没有人能像孤岛一样生存)符合语境，承接上文，故选A项。 4．答案　E 解析　重申关系。根据上文可知，安全回家是贝尔·格里尔斯一直惦记的最重要的事情。E项(它一直是我走出黑暗的指路明灯)承接上文，其中That指代上文的get home to my family in one piece，故选E项。 5．答案　B 解析　条件关系。上文讲到，在贝尔·格里尔斯看来，当恐惧来临时，要勇敢去面对。此处应是面对恐惧的好处，故选B项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$