精品解析：江苏省南通市海安高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期第二次月考英语试题

英语 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the speakers probably do first? A. Make a cake. B. Attend a party. C. Stop at the supermarket. 2. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Stay away from potential dangers. B Avoid harming the natural system. C. Take a few risks. 3. What is the man doing? A. Viewing a house. B. Advertising his house. C. Putting forward his housing demand. 4. Who is Elle? A. John’s daughter. B. Elena’s sister. C. John’s sister. 5. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a cafe. B. In the man’s home. C. In an office. 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What do we know about Rob? A. He will graduate next year. B. He takes an interest in cooking. C. He’s dissatisfied with Stacy’s service. 7. What problem does Stacy find out? A. Rob clicked the wrong birth date. B. Rob selected the wrong year for his class. C. Rob didn’t know how to register for a course. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What did Kelly perform? A. A singing show. B. A comedy show. C. A magic show. 9. How does the woman describe James and Mary’s dancing? A. Surprising. B. Funny. C. Old-fashioned. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is Jane like according to the man? A. She is good with new people. B. She is expert at numbers. C. She is highly productive. 11. Why does the man come to Jane? A. To ask for advice. B. To arrange a task. C. To express thanks. 12 What will the speakers do next? A. Enjoy a drink together. B. Speak to Jane’s family. C. Make a cake. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What does Lisa say is key to effective communication? A. Speaking clearly. B. Listening actively. C. Using vocabulary flexibly. 14. Why is body language important in communication? A. It can convey unspoken information. B. It is more interesting than talking. C. It brings people closer. 15. What will lead to more productive conversations according to Lisa? A. Keeping talking all the time. B. Using more facial expressions. C. Staying open to different viewpoints. 16. What is the main topic of the conversation? A. What makes a successful speaker. B. What contributes to good communication. C. What effective communication brings to people. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did the speaker think about the nature club at last? A. It’s surprising. B. It’s uninteresting. C. It’s popular. 18. What percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water that human s can use? A. About 3%. B. About 2%. C. About 1%. 19. Where did the speaker learn about a rainforest report? A. On the Internet. B. At a school club. C. In geography class. 20. What contributes to a quarter of all modern medicines according to the speaker? A. Wildlife in undisturbed areas. B. Plants in rainforests. C. Animals in oceans. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A A visit to Antarctica is much more than a holiday. Remote and undamaged, any journey there is a unique adventure you’ll find nowhere else on earth. As you cruise in style aboard Discovery, you will gaze upon majestic, icy peaks, giant icebergs and diverse wildlife that includes whales, seals, penguins and birds. You will sail through glassy bays and have the opportunity, weather permitting, to set foot on Antarctica’s shores and volcanic beaches. On all cruises, you will get as close to nature as you would on smaller ships, while enjoying a higher class of Discovery’s 4-star comforts. Exciting cruises aboard Discovery No single supplement on cabins Voyage to Antarctica 20 Days, departing 16 November 2023 From Lisbon across the Atlantic Ocean to Buenos Aires with stops in exotic settings like Funchal, Rio de Janeiro and Ushuaia Now from £3575 Antarctica, Chile &Patagonia 18 Days, departing 16 December 2023 From Buenos Aires sail to Antarctica and depart the ship in Santiago Now from£3145 Note: some sailings might be in reverse, from Santiago to Buenos Aires Cape to Cape 23 Days, departing 7 February 2023 Leave from Buenos Aires and sail around Cape Horn, visit Antarctica and make your way to Cape Town, South Africa Now from£2995 What’s included: ●All meals, entertainment and tips on board. Return flights to /from UK. Overseas transfers between airports, hotels and ship. Hotel stays in Buenos Aires and Santiago. Informative lecture programme, Landings ashore and small boat sightseeing. ●PLUS—Save an extra £500 per couple on early bookings before September 2023. The priority of the cruises is to provide you with opportunities to learn about Antarctica’s fragile ecosystem. Lectures given by Dr. Peter Carey and his team will bring Antarctica to life. They will accompany you on your landings ashore and on small boat field trips （depending on ice and weather conditions）. 1. What activity is included on Discovery cruises? A. Camping on the volcanic beaches. B. Interacting with seals and penguins if possible. C. Swimming through the waters filled with icebergs. D. Setting foot on Antarctica’s shores if the weather allows. 2. Which month’s cruise plan offers the possibility of sailing in the opposite way? A. February. B. December. C. November. D. September. 3. A major focus of Discovery cruises is ______. A. extending luxury hotel stays B small boat sightseeing and landing ashore C. learning about the environment of Antarctica D. providing free meals and entertainment on board B Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time. Her mother’s support was vital for some important decisions, such as her further study in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men. Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were empty, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be trained, Montessori concluded. The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing better stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood. At its centre was the principle (原则) that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control. Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists (法西斯主义者) first came into power in Italy in 1922, they welcomed her movement at the beginning. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori's values had always been about human respect and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame. Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81. 4. What was the main reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method? A. Her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinic. B. Her family’s supportive influence on her education. C. Her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men. D. Her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happily. 5. What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method? A. Focusing on group competition. B. Taking control of children’s action. C. Providing one-size-fits-all learning materials. D. Creating a free and child-centered environment. 6. Why did Montessori decide to leave Italy in 1934? A. She was offered a better job in a different country. B. She was forced to give up her work and her fame. C. She wanted to avoid the influence from the Fascist. D. She wanted to explore other countries and cultures. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage? A. Enthusiastic and kind. B. Observant and innovative. C. Cooperative and generous. D. Traditional and emotional. C With egg shortages already a familiar sight on supermarket shelves, farmers are warning that vegetables and grains could be next, because environmental plans take out large areas of land that are used for food production. Stephen Holt, who owns 670 acres in Northamptonshire, said farmers were being incentivized (刺激) by the government subsidy to reduce food production in favour of wildlife. He has signed up to an environmental plan which is being carried out in England under the concept of “public money for public goods”. “Instead of 1,300 tonnes of product, we will produce 900 tonnes of product from our farm,” Holt said. Under the new plan, his input costs will be reduced and he will be paid a guaranteed (有保证的) sum. “In my view, the huge danger is that there will be a serious decrease in agricultural output,” he said. “We are not helping but we can't have the whole food system of the UK on our shoulders, because everyone has to act in their individual best interests.” James Williams, who farms in Oxfordshire, said the environmental plans will reduce the risks in his farm business and that he will not be affected by the weather and international markets. “It does mean that we will be taking perhaps 30 per cent of our wheat land out of production for a season or two, or more,” he said. “What has not been mentioned is that if some disaster fell and our imports were disrupted (扰乱), growing wheat to produce bread could not be turned on like a tap. It will take several years and a significant increase in prices to get production back up to today’s levels.” The UK produces about 60 per cent of its food consumption, including the majority of grains, meat, dairy and eggs. However, seasonal labour shortages have led many British farm businesses to reduce their production by as much as 20-30 per cent since 2020. Egg production has dropped to its lowest level in nine years. Liz Webster, a farmer in north Wiltshire, said, “There just doesn't seem to be any thought or concern for food security and food supply. They’ve just left it up to the supermarkets.” The farmers’ concerns include imported food produced in countries with lower welfare (福利) standards, and labelling of food origins. “These imports are packaged here, and if they’re packaged or processed here they can have a British flag, which is absolutely dishonest,” Webster said. 8. The word “subsidy” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. ban B. warning C. permission D. award 9. What can we learn from paragraph 5? A. Reducing wheat production may cause negative impacts. B. The environmental plans can improve the farm business. C. The international markets will affect the farmers' interests. D. A recovery in wheat production will come soon after disruption. 10 What is Liz Webster’s opinion on food safety? A. Supermarkets are responsible for food safety. B. The safety of imported food cannot be guaranteed. C. A British flag on food package ensures food safety. D. Food safety and supply issues have been addressed. 11. What is the main idea of this article? A. Seasonal labour is in short supply. B. Imported food prices are on the rise. C. Farmers fear food shortage caused by green plans. D. Government worries about the slow agricultural development. D Climate change is not only a human problem; animals have to adapt to it as well. Some “warm-blooded” animals are shapeshifting (变形) and getting larger legs, ears, and beak s to better control their body temperatures as the planet gets hotter. Bird researcher Sara Ryding of Deakin University in Australia describes these changes in a review. “It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to these changes, and this is occurring over a far shorter time than would have occurred through most of evolutionary time,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and while some species will adapt, others will not.” Ryding notes that climate change is a complex phenomenon that’s been occurring gradually, so it’s difficult to determine just one cause of the shapeshifting. But these changes have been occurring across wide geographical regions and among a variety of species, so there is little in common apart from climate change. Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4% to 10% increase in size since 1871, and this is positively associated with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian (哺乳动物) species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice. “The increases in appendage (附肢) size we see so far are quite small — less than 10% — so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, prominent (突起) appendages such as ears are predicted to increase.” Next, Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds by 3D scanning museum bird samples from the past 100 years. Undoubtedly, it will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing appendage size due to climate change and why. 12. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To introduce a bird researcher. B. To present a shapeshifting phenomenon. C. To explain the cause of climate change. D. To state the terrible influence of climate change. 13. What can be inferred about animals’ shapeshifting from paragraphs 2 and 3? A. It is slower than their evolution. B. It’s impossible to determine its cause. C. It is a global phenomenon beyond species. D. Climate change is its potential cause. 14. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The examples of shapeshifting. B. The effects of shapeshifting. C. The explanations of shapeshifting. D. The history of shapeshifting. 15. Which of the following will Ryding’s next study focus on? A. The speed of shapeshifting. B. The cause of climate change. C. The samples of Australian birds. D. The understanding of bird history. 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Making friends as an adult can be tough, but it isn’t impossible. ____16____ According to psychologist and friendship expert Dr Marisa G Franco, there is a necessary element for starting a friendship: continuous unplanned interactions (being in the same place and the same time, again and again). When we’re younger and at school or university, this is much easier as we’re automatically placed within a wide network of people who are all going through the same thing. ____17____ Unless we make the effort to put ourselves in situations where we’ll be among others, we probably won’t meet anyone new. So, your first step should be going to places where you can meet people. ____18____ You also have to make the effort to engage with them. Introduce yourself and try to strike up a conversation. ____19____ This is fine: just keep at it until you find someone that you click with. Interestingly, a study by Cornell University found that most people underestimate how much people like them when they meet new people. So even if you feel a bit awkward, chances are that other people won’t see you in this way. Once you’ve built up a friendly connection with someone, you need to give that relationship time to develop. Keep showing up and be intentional about the effort you put in with that person, while having enough confidence in the relationship to not be too demanding of them. ____20____ A. Friends, like books, should be few but good. B. Sometimes it will go well, sometimes it won’t. C. But as we get older, we have less time to just hang out. D. It’s not enough to just be in the room with these folks, though. E. Nevertheless, making friends with right people is full of benefits. F. Unfortunately, though, there’s no way around the time and effort it takes. G. Over time, your shared experiences will bring the two of you closer together. 第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2008, Calvin Lowe's four-year-old son Tyler needed to have a serious surgery. On the appointed day of the _____21_____ , he and his wife brought Tyler to Children’s Hospital Colorado in Denver. “As we sat in the waiting room, waiting for someone to_____22_____ us back to the surgery area, there was a lot of______23______ in our hearts,” Lowe remembered. When a nurse called the family back, Lowe’s fears ______24______.A young doctor walked into the room and told the couple that he would be ______25______the surgery. As the doctor began to ______26______how the surgery would proceed, Lowe’s mind went to the worst possible______27______, But then the doctor did something ______28______.He looked both Lowe and his wife in the eye, put a_____29_____hand on each of their shoulders, and said, “Today, your son is my son.” After the surgery was over, the ______30______came back out to the family with a big smile and said, “Our son is just fine, and you can______31______ him here in a few minutes.” Tyler is now 19 years old and hopes to become a professional photographer. All these years after the surgery, Lowe still______32______ the young doctor’s kindness. “I will never forget that,” Lowe said. “Because that was indeed a ______33______ of stress then. I can’t tell you how ______34______ we both were for what he said to us that day. It was very______35______ and meaningful.” 21. A. injury B. accident C. operation D. examination 22. A. call B. drive C. move D. rush 23. A. shock B. anxiety C. sadness D. anger 24. A. faded B. grew C. appeared D. stopped 25. A. receiving B. recording C. missing D. performing 26. A. learn B. discover C. explain D. guess 27. A. option B. reaction C. approach D. outcome 28. A. unexpected B. confusing C. necessary D. excellent 29. A. balancing B. leading C. comforting D. directing 30. A. nurse B. doctor C. patient D. photographer 31. A. leave B. see C. catch D. train 32. A. passes on B. replies to C. pays off D. thinks about 33. A. relief B. reminder C. secret D. source 34. A. eager B. proud C. grateful D. regretful 35. A. helpful B. successful C. typical D. educational 第二节 语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes, ___36___ joined East Asia to the Mediterranean. The most important network is the Chang’an- Tianshan Corridor,which ___37___ (stretch) over a distance of around 5,000 kilometres ___38___ covers a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes. The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Road network is Chang’an (present-day Xi’an), in Shaanxi Province of north-west China. It was famous as the capital of the Han and Tang Dynasties. The Silk Road was beginning ___39___ (develop) in the 2nd century BCE. ___40___ (assign ) by the emperor,the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia and ___41___ (seek) to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. ___42___ the initial stage of the Silk Road development, silk was the main item in the trade list thanks to its light weight and high value. In addition to trade exchange, the network served as ___43___ bridge for cultural exchange. All of these ___44___ (activity) contributed to a great age of ____45____ (expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas. 第三节 单句语法填空（共10个小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分） 46. Eyes ______ (fix) on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, nearly knocking me off my feet. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ______（receive）a Nobel Prize for her contributions to the fight against malaria. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. Never________ (concern) that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness.(所给词的适当形式填空) 49. Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always______ (make) us feel good. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. Traditionally, duck is considered ______(have) cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the hot summer months. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51. He was presented with a watch in a______(感激) of his long service. (根据中英文提示填空) 52. The new drug is being used ______（实验性）n some patients. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 53. The eye is one of the most ______ (脆弱的) organs of the body. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 54. The first year provides students with a sound ________ (理论上的) basis for later study. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 55. It ______(估计) that the project will last four years. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作 （满分15分） 56. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校打算举办“父亲节亲子活动”，请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2. 活动内容。 注意： 1. 词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 NOTICE ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 She was the prettiest puppy we had ever seen, and the whole family immediately fell in love with her. We named her Onyx because of her black, shiny black coat. She spent her first vacation with us when she was only ten weeks old and had her first bath and swim in the St. Lawrence River. We had no clue that this amazing little ball of fur would end up being our hero. As she grew older, Onyx became more and more involved in our family activities. On hot summer days, Onyx enjoyed floating on the river with us in her own rubber tube (橡皮圈). Amazingly standing on the top of the tube, she smiled while showing off her perfect balance. Resting her front legs and paws over the edge of the rubber tube, she kept her eyes shut as she floated until she’d had enough of the warm sun on her black coat. One day, our eighteen-year-old daughter, Margie, announced she was going to swim across the bay. No one in the family was free to go swimming with her. The unwritten rules, regardless of swimming ability, was to have a companion in the water with you, especially when swimming the width of the bay. I was not a good swimmer, so I said to Margie, “Take Onyx with you.” Having heard her name, Onyx woke up from a nap and was ready for action. Margie signed the dog to follow her. Onyx ran to the water next to her. They entered the freezing river together and swam side by side across the bay. I watched from the bank as they reached the sandbar (沙洲) on the far shore. They rested a few minutes before diving into the water for the return trip. I felt uneasy for some reason and continued to watch the pair swim side by side. Suddenly I heard Margie calling out, “I have a cram (痉挛) in the leg! ” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Seeing the pair approaching the riverbank, I breathed a sigh of relief. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力：1-5 CACAC 6-10 BBACC 11-15 BABAC 16-20 BACAB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 英语 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the speakers probably do first? A. Make a cake. B. Attend a party. C. Stop at the supermarket. 2. What does the man advise the woman to do? A. Stay away from potential dangers. B. Avoid harming the natural system. C. Take a few risks. 3. What is the man doing? A. Viewing a house. B. Advertising his house. C. Putting forward his housing demand. 4. Who is Elle? A. John’s daughter. B. Elena’s sister. C. John’s sister. 5. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a cafe. B. In the man’s home. C. In an office. 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What do we know about Rob? A. He will graduate next year. B. He takes an interest in cooking. C. He’s dissatisfied with Stacy’s service. 7. What problem does Stacy find out? A. Rob clicked the wrong birth date. B. Rob selected the wrong year for his class. C. Rob didn’t know how to register for a course. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What did Kelly perform? A. A singing show. B. A comedy show. C. A magic show. 9. How does the woman describe James and Mary’s dancing? A. Surprising. B. Funny. C. Old-fashioned. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What is Jane like according to the man? A. She is good with new people. B. She is expert at numbers. C. She is highly productive. 11. Why does the man come to Jane? A. To ask for advice. B. To arrange a task. C. To express thanks. 12. What will the speakers do next? A. Enjoy a drink together. B. Speak to Jane’s family. C. Make a cake. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What does Lisa say is key to effective communication? A. Speaking clearly. B. Listening actively. C. Using vocabulary flexibly. 14. Why is body language important in communication? A. It can convey unspoken information. B. It is more interesting than talking. C. It brings people closer. 15. What will lead to more productive conversations according to Lisa? A. Keeping talking all the time. B. Using more facial expressions. C. Staying open to different viewpoints. 16. What is the main topic of the conversation? A. What makes a successful speaker. B. What contributes to good communication. C. What effective communication brings to people. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What did the speaker think about the nature club at last? A. It’s surprising. B. It’s uninteresting. C. It’s popular. 18. What percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water that human s can use? A. About 3%. B. About 2%. C. About 1%. 19. Where did the speaker learn about a rainforest report? A. On the Internet. B. At a school club. C. In geography class. 20. What contributes to a quarter of all modern medicines according to the speaker? A. Wildlife in undisturbed areas. B. Plants in rainforests. C. Animals in oceans. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A A visit to Antarctica is much more than a holiday. Remote and undamaged, any journey there is a unique adventure you’ll find nowhere else on earth. As you cruise in style aboard Discovery, you will gaze upon majestic, icy peaks, giant icebergs and diverse wildlife that includes whales, seals, penguins and birds. You will sail through glassy bays and have the opportunity, weather permitting, to set foot on Antarctica’s shores and volcanic beaches. On all cruises, you will get as close to nature as you would on smaller ships, while enjoying a higher class of Discovery’s 4-star comforts. Exciting cruises aboard Discovery No single supplement on cabins Voyage to Antarctica 20 Days, departing 16 November 2023 From Lisbon across the Atlantic Ocean to Buenos Aires with stops in exotic settings like Funchal, Rio de Janeiro and Ushuaia Now from £3575 Antarctica, Chile &Patagonia 18 Days, departing 16 December 2023 From Buenos Aires sail to Antarctica and depart the ship in Santiago Now from£3145 Note: some sailings might be in reverse, from Santiago to Buenos Aires Cape to Cape 23 Days, departing 7 February 2023 Leave from Buenos Aires and sail around Cape Horn, visit Antarctica and make your way to Cape Town, South Africa Now from£2995 What’s included: ●All meals, entertainment and tips on board. Return flights to /from UK. Overseas transfers between airports, hotels and ship. Hotel stays in Buenos Aires and Santiago. Informative lecture programme, Landings ashore and small boat sightseeing. ●PLUS—Save an extra £500 per couple on early bookings before September 2023. The priority of the cruises is to provide you with opportunities to learn about Antarctica’s fragile ecosystem. Lectures given by Dr. Peter Carey and his team will bring Antarctica to life. They will accompany you on your landings ashore and on small boat field trips （depending on ice and weather conditions）. 1. What activity is included on Discovery cruises? A. Camping on the volcanic beaches. B. Interacting with seals and penguins if possible. C. Swimming through the waters filled with icebergs. D. Setting foot on Antarctica’s shores if the weather allows. 2. Which month’s cruise plan offers the possibility of sailing in the opposite way? A. February. B. December. C. November. D. September. 3. A major focus of Discovery cruises is ______. A. extending luxury hotel stays B. small boat sightseeing and landing ashore C. learning about the environment of Antarctica D. providing free meals and entertainment on board 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了南极旅行的独特魅力，提供了多种旅行线路和包含的服务，并强调了旅行的教育意义，旨在吸引游客体验这一非凡的冒险。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As you cruise in style aboard Discovery, you will gaze upon majestic, icy peaks, giant icebergs and diverse wildlife that includes whales, seals, penguins and birds. You will sail through glassy bays and have the opportunity, weather permitting, to set foot on Antarctica’s shores and volcanic beaches.(当你乘坐“发现号”豪华游轮时，你会看到雄伟的冰峰、巨大的冰山和各种各样的野生动物，包括鲸鱼、海豹、企鹅和鸟类。您将乘船穿过玻璃般的海湾，如果天气允许，您将有机会踏上南极洲的海岸和火山海滩。)”可知，，在Discovery游轮上的一项活动是如果天气允许，可以踏上南极的海岸。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Antarctica, Chile &Patagonia部分中的“Note: some sailings might be in reverse, from Santiago to Buenos Aires(注意：从圣地亚哥到布宜诺斯艾利斯的一些航线可能是相反的)”以及“18 Days, departing 16 December 2023(18天，2023年12月16日启程)”，可知，2023年12月16日启程的航行计划中的一些航线可能采用相反的航行方向。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The priority of the cruises is to provide you with opportunities to learn about Antarctica’s fragile ecosystem.(游轮的首要任务是让您有机会了解南极洲脆弱的生态系统。)”可知，Discovery游轮旅行的首要重点是为你提供了解南极脆弱生态系统的机会。因此，Discovery游轮旅行的一个主要焦点是学习南极的环境。故选C。 B Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time. Her mother’s support was vital for some important decisions, such as her further study in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men. Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were empty, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be trained, Montessori concluded. The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing better stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood. At its centre was the principle (原则) that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control. Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists (法西斯主义者) first came into power in Italy in 1922, they welcomed her movement at the beginning. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori's values had always been about human respect and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame. Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81. 4. What was the main reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method? A. Her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinic. B. Her family’s supportive influence on her education. C. Her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men. D. Her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happily. 5. What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method? A. Focusing on group competition. B. Taking control of children’s action. C. Providing one-size-fits-all learning materials. D. Creating a free and child-centered environment. 6. Why did Montessori decide to leave Italy in 1934? A. She was offered a better job in a different country. B. She was forced to give up her work and her fame. C. She wanted to avoid the influence from the Fascist. D. She wanted to explore other countries and cultures. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage? A. Enthusiastic and kind. B. Observant and innovative. C. Cooperative and generous. D. Traditional and emotional. 【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了教育家蒙台梭利是如何发展出新的教育方法的，其教育方法的特色以及影响。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs (面包屑) that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty.(一天，她发现孩子们正兴高采烈地玩着掉在地上的面包屑。她突然想到，一些智力缺陷的根源可能与贫穷有关)”可知，蒙台梭利发展一种新的教育方法的主要原因是她观察到孩子们开心地玩面包屑。故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“At its centre was the principle (原则) that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should a so be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.(它的核心原则是，所有的学习材料都应该适合儿童，并设计成能吸引所有感官。此外，每个孩子也应该被允许自由移动和行动，并发挥他们的创造力和解决问题的能力。老师们扮演了向导的角色，在没有压力和控制的情况下支持孩子们)”可知，文中所描述的蒙台梭利教育方法的核心原则是营造自由、以儿童为中心的学习环境。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy.(当法西斯主义者试图影响学校的教育内容时，事情达到了一个突破点，1934年蒙台梭利和她的儿子决定离开意大利)”可知，1934年，蒙台梭利决定离开意大利，因为她想避免法西斯分子对她工作的影响。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing better stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.(这一观察结果将引导蒙台梭利发展一种新的教育方法，专注于在儿童的敏感时期提供最佳的刺激)”以及倒数第二段“Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907.(1907年，蒙台梭利开办了她的第一所儿童之家)”可推知，蒙台梭利是善于观察和创新的。故选B。 C With egg shortages already a familiar sight on supermarket shelves, farmers are warning that vegetables and grains could be next, because environmental plans take out large areas of land that are used for food production. Stephen Holt, who owns 670 acres in Northamptonshire, said farmers were being incentivized (刺激) by the government subsidy to reduce food production in favour of wildlife. He has signed up to an environmental plan which is being carried out in England under the concept of “public money for public goods”. “Instead of 1,300 tonnes of product, we will produce 900 tonnes of product from our farm,” Holt said. Under the new plan, his input costs will be reduced and he will be paid a guaranteed (有保证的) sum. “In my view, the huge danger is that there will be a serious decrease in agricultural output,” he said. “We are not helping but we can't have the whole food system of the UK on our shoulders, because everyone has to act in their individual best interests.” James Williams, who farms in Oxfordshire, said the environmental plans will reduce the risks in his farm business and that he will not be affected by the weather and international markets. “It does mean that we will be taking perhaps 30 per cent of our wheat land out of production for a season or two, or more,” he said. “What has not been mentioned is that if some disaster fell and our imports were disrupted (扰乱), growing wheat to produce bread could not be turned on like a tap. It will take several years and a significant increase in prices to get production back up to today’s levels.” The UK produces about 60 per cent of its food consumption, including the majority of grains, meat, dairy and eggs. However, seasonal labour shortages have led many British farm businesses to reduce their production by as much as 20-30 per cent since 2020. Egg production has dropped to its lowest level in nine years. Liz Webster, a farmer in north Wiltshire, said, “There just doesn't seem to be any thought or concern for food security and food supply. They’ve just left it up to the supermarkets.” The farmers’ concerns include imported food produced in countries with lower welfare (福利) standards, and labelling of food origins. “These imports are packaged here, and if they’re packaged or processed here they can have a British flag, which is absolutely dishonest,” Webster said. 8. The word “subsidy” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A ban B. warning C. permission D. award 9. What can we learn from paragraph 5? A. Reducing wheat production may cause negative impacts. B. The environmental plans can improve the farm business. C. The international markets will affect the farmers' interests. D. A recovery in wheat production will come soon after disruption. 10. What is Liz Webster’s opinion on food safety? A. Supermarkets are responsible for food safety. B. The safety of imported food cannot be guaranteed. C. A British flag on food package ensures food safety. D. Food safety and supply issues have been addressed. 11. What is the main idea of this article? A. Seasonal labour is in short supply. B. Imported food prices are on the rise. C. Farmers fear food shortage caused by green plans. D. Government worries about the slow agricultural development. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了英国农民对于环保计划可能导致食品短缺的担忧。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Stephen Holt, who owns 670 acres in Northamptonshire, said farmers were being incentivized (刺激) by the government subsidy to reduce food production in favour of wildlife.”（斯蒂芬·霍尔特，在北安普敦郡拥有670英亩良田，他说政府的subsidy正在刺激农民减少食品生产，以支持野生动物。）可推知，这里的“subsidy”是政府为了鼓励农民减少食品生产而给予的“奖励”，故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“What has not been mentioned is that if some disaster fell and our imports were disrupted (扰乱), growing wheat to produce bread could not be turned on like a tap. It will take several years and a significant increase in prices to get production back up to today’s levels.”（没有提到的是，如果发生了一些灾难，我们的进口被扰乱，种植小麦以生产面包不能像开水龙头那样立即恢复。恢复到今天的生产水平需要几年的时间和价格的大幅上涨。）可推知，减少小麦生产可能会带来负面影响，故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Liz Webster, a farmer in north Wiltshire, said, “There just doesn't seem to be any thought or concern for food security and food supply. They’ve just left it up to the supermarkets.” The farmers’ concerns include imported food produced in countries with lower welfare (福利) standards, and labelling of food origins.”（威尔特郡北部的农民Liz Webster说，“似乎没有人关心食品安全和供应。他们只是把这些问题留给了超市。”农民们关心的问题包括在福利标准较低的国家生产的进口食品，以及食品来源的标签。）可推知，Liz Webster认为进口食品的安全性无法得到保证，故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段“With egg shortages already a familiar sight on supermarket shelves, farmers are warning that vegetables and grains could be next, because environmental plans take out large areas of land that are used for food production.”（由于鸡蛋短缺已经成为超市货架上常见的景象，农民们警告说，蔬菜和谷物可能是下一个，因为环保计划占用了用于粮食生产的大片土地。）可知，短文主要讲述了英国农民对于环保计划可能导致食品短缺的担忧。故选C。 D Climate change is not only a human problem; animals have to adapt to it as well. Some “warm-blooded” animals are shapeshifting (变形) and getting larger legs, ears, and beak s to better control their body temperatures as the planet gets hotter. Bird researcher Sara Ryding of Deakin University in Australia describes these changes in a review. “It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to these changes, and this is occurring over a far shorter time than would have occurred through most of evolutionary time,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and while some species will adapt, others will not.” Ryding notes that climate change is a complex phenomenon that’s been occurring gradually, so it’s difficult to determine just one cause of the shapeshifting. But these changes have been occurring across wide geographical regions and among a variety of species, so there is little in common apart from climate change. Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4% to 10% increase in size since 1871, and this is positively associated with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian (哺乳动物) species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice. “The increases in appendage (附肢) size we see so far are quite small — less than 10% — so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, prominent (突起) appendages such as ears are predicted to increase.” Next, Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds by 3D scanning museum bird samples from the past 100 years. Undoubtedly, it will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing appendage size due to climate change and why. 12. What is the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To introduce a bird researcher. B. To present a shapeshifting phenomenon. C. To explain the cause of climate change. D. To state the terrible influence of climate change. 13. What can be inferred about animals’ shapeshifting from paragraphs 2 and 3? A. It is slower than their evolution. B. It’s impossible to determine its cause. C. It is a global phenomenon beyond species. D. Climate change is its potential cause. 14. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The examples of shapeshifting. B. The effects of shapeshifting. C. The explanations of shapeshifting. D. The history of shapeshifting. 15. Which of the following will Ryding’s next study focus on? A. The speed of shapeshifting. B. The cause of climate change. C. The samples of Australian birds. D. The understanding of bird history. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了研究发现动物也必须适应气候变化。一些“温血”动物正在发生形体变化，以便更好地控制体温。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Climate change is not only a human problem; animals have to adapt to it as well. Some “warm-blooded” animals are shapeshifting (变形) and getting larger legs, ears, and beak s to better control their body temperatures as the planet gets hotter. Bird researcher Sara Ryding of Deakin University in Australia describes these changes in a review. (气候变化不仅是人类的问题；动物也必须适应它。随着地球变暖，一些“温血”动物正在变形，它们的腿、耳朵和喙变得更大，以便更好地控制体温。澳大利亚迪肯大学的鸟类研究人员Sara Ryding在一篇综述中描述了这些变化。)”可知，第一段的目的是说明气候变化对动物产生的影响，特别介绍了“温血”动物的变形现象。故选B项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“But these changes have been occurring across wide geographical regions and among a variety of species, so there is little in common apart from climate change. (但这些变化发生在广泛的地理区域和各种各样的物种之间，所以除了气候变化之外，几乎没有什么共同之处。)”可知，气候变化是不同地理区域和不同变形物种背后的唯一共同点，由些推知，气候变化是动物变形的潜在原因。故选D项。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4% to 10% increase in size since 1871, and this is positively associated with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian (哺乳动物) species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice. “The increases in appendage (附肢) size we see so far are quite small — less than 10% — so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, prominent (突起的) appendages such as ears are predicted to increase.” (据报道，鸟类有很强的变形能力。自1871年以来，澳大利亚几种鹦鹉的体型平均增长了4%到10%，这与每年夏季的温度呈正相关。北美黑眼睛的灯芯草雀是一种小型鸣禽，在寒冷环境中，体型的增加与短期极端温度之间存在联系。据报道，哺乳动物物种也发生了变化。研究人员报告说，木鼠的尾巴长度增加了。“到目前为止，我们看到的附属物尺寸的增长非常小，不到10%，所以这种变化不太可能立即被注意到，”赖丁说。“然而，耳朵等突出的附属物预计会增加。”)”可知，第四段中列举了鹦鹉、灯芯草雀和木鼠的变形情况。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Next, Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds by 3D scanning museum bird samples from the past 100 years. (接下来，Ryding打算通过3D扫描博物馆过去100年的鸟类样本来研究澳大利亚鸟类的变形。)”可知，Ryding接下来的研究将专注于澳大利亚鸟类的样本。故选C项。 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Making friends as an adult can be tough, but it isn’t impossible. ____16____ According to psychologist and friendship expert Dr Marisa G Franco, there is a necessary element for starting a friendship: continuous unplanned interactions (being in the same place and the same time, again and again). When we’re younger and at school or university, this is much easier as we’re automatically placed within a wide network of people who are all going through the same thing. ____17____ Unless we make the effort to put ourselves in situations where we’ll be among others, we probably won’t meet anyone new. So, your first step should be going to places where you can meet people. ____18____ You also have to make the effort to engage with them. Introduce yourself and try to strike up a conversation. ____19____ This is fine: just keep at it until you find someone that you click with. Interestingly, a study by Cornell University found that most people underestimate how much people like them when they meet new people. So even if you feel a bit awkward, chances are that other people won’t see you in this way. Once you’ve built up a friendly connection with someone, you need to give that relationship time to develop. Keep showing up and be intentional about the effort you put in with that person, while having enough confidence in the relationship to not be too demanding of them. ____20____ A. Friends, like books, should be few but good. B. Sometimes it will go well, sometimes it won’t. C. But as we get older, we have less time to just hang out. D. It’s not enough to just be in the room with these folks, though. E. Nevertheless, making friends with right people is full of benefits. F. Unfortunately, though, there’s no way around the time and effort it takes. G. Over time, your shared experiences will bring the two of you closer together. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了成年人是可以交到朋友的，但是需要花费时间和精力。 【16题详解】 根据前文“Making friends as an adult can be tough, but it isn’t impossible.(作为一个成年人交朋友可能很难，但也不是不可能)”以及后文“Once you’ve built up a friendly connection with someone, you need to give that relationship time to develop.(一旦你和某人建立了友好的关系，你需要给这种关系发展的时间)”可知，本文讲述成年人交朋友可能很难，但也不是不可能，但是需要时间，所以F项“Unfortunately, though, there’s no way around the time and effort it takes.(然而，不幸的是，没有办法避免花费时间和精力)”和前文构成转折关系，且符合本文主题。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“According to psychologist and friendship expert Dr Marisa G Franco, there is a necessary element for starting a friendship: continuous unplanned interactions (being in the same place and the same time, again and again). When we’re younger and at school or university, this is much easier as we’re automatically placed within a wide network of people who are all going through the same thing.(根据心理学家和友谊专家玛丽莎·G·弗朗哥博士的说法，开始一段友谊有一个必要的因素:持续的、计划外的互动(一次又一次地在同一个地点、同一个时间)。当我们年轻的时候，在学校或大学里，这要容易得多，因为我们被自动地置于一个广泛的人际网络中，这些人都在经历同样的事情)”可知，本段在讲述了发展友谊的必要因素，年轻的时候很容易实现这个因素，所以C项“But as we get older, we have less time to just hang out.(但随着年龄的增长，我们闲逛的时间越来越少)”和前文构成转折关系，符合文意。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“So, your first step should be going to places where you can meet people.(所以，你的第一步应该是去那些你可以遇见别人的地方)”以及后文“You also have to make the effort to engage with them.(你还必须努力与他们接触)”可知，D项“It’s not enough to just be in the room with these folks, though.(然而，仅仅和这些人在一起是不够的)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Introduce yourself and try to strike up a conversation.(自我介绍一下，试着开始一段对话)”以及后文“This is fine: just keep at it until you find someone that you click with.(这很好：只要坚持下去，直到你找到一个你喜欢的人)”可知，B项“Sometimes it will go well, sometimes it won’t.(有时会顺利，有时则不然)”是对前文的进一步说明，而后文又是对本句的进一步说明，符合文意。故选B项。 【20题详解】 设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Keep showing up and be intentional about the effort you put in with that person, while having enough confidence in the relationship to not be too demanding of them.(不断出现，有意识地为对方付出努力，同时对这段关系有足够的信心，不要对他们要求太高)”可知，G项“Over time, your shared experiences will bring the two of you closer together.(随着时间的推移，你们共同的经历会让你们走得更近)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选G项。 第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2008, Calvin Lowe's four-year-old son Tyler needed to have a serious surgery. On the appointed day of the _____21_____ , he and his wife brought Tyler to Children’s Hospital Colorado in Denver. “As we sat in the waiting room, waiting for someone to_____22_____ us back to the surgery area, there was a lot of______23______ in our hearts,” Lowe remembered. When a nurse called the family back, Lowe’s fears ______24______.A young doctor walked into the room and told the couple that he would be ______25______the surgery. As the doctor began to ______26______how the surgery would proceed, Lowe’s mind went to the worst possible______27______, But then the doctor did something ______28______.He looked both Lowe and his wife in the eye, put a_____29_____hand on each of their shoulders, and said, “Today, your son is my son.” After the surgery was over, the ______30______came back out to the family with a big smile and said, “Our son is just fine, and you can______31______ him here in a few minutes.” Tyler is now 19 years old and hopes to become a professional photographer. All these years after the surgery, Lowe still______32______ the young doctor’s kindness. “I will never forget that,” Lowe said. “Because that was indeed a ______33______ of stress then. I can’t tell you how ______34______ we both were for what he said to us that day. It was very______35______ and meaningful.” 21. A. injury B. accident C. operation D. examination 22. A. call B. drive C. move D. rush 23. A. shock B. anxiety C. sadness D. anger 24. A. faded B. grew C. appeared D. stopped 25. A. receiving B. recording C. missing D. performing 26. A. learn B. discover C. explain D. guess 27. A. option B. reaction C. approach D. outcome 28. A. unexpected B. confusing C. necessary D. excellent 29. A. balancing B. leading C. comforting D. directing 30. A. nurse B. doctor C. patient D. photographer 31. A. leave B. see C. catch D. train 32. A. passes on B. replies to C. pays off D. thinks about 33. A. relief B. reminder C. secret D. source 34. A. eager B. proud C. grateful D. regretful 35. A. helpful B. successful C. typical D. educational 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了2008年，卡尔文·洛四岁的儿子泰勒需要做一次严重的手术，在他和妻子感到紧张和不安的时候，医生说会把他们的儿子当做自己的儿子，这安慰到了他们，缓解了当时紧张的情绪，卡尔文·洛十分感激。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在指定的手术日，他和他的妻子把泰勒带到丹佛的科罗拉多儿童医院。A. injury受伤；B. accident事故；C. operation操作，手术；D. examination检查。根据上文“In 2008, Calvin Lowe's four-year-old son Tyler needed to have a serious surgery.(2008年，卡尔文·洛四岁的儿子泰勒需要做一次严重的手术)”可知，此处指手术日。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我们坐在候诊室里，等着有人叫我们回手术室的时候，我们的心里充满了焦虑，”洛回忆道。A. call呼叫；B. drive驾驶；C. move移动；D. rush急忙。根据后文“When a nurse called the family back”指他们在等着有人来叫他们回去手术室看望病人。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“当我们坐在候诊室里，等着有人叫我们回手术室的时候，我们的心里充满了焦虑，”洛回忆道。A. shock震惊；B. anxiety焦虑；C. sadness悲伤；D. anger愤怒。根据上文“In 2008, Calvin Lowe's four-year-old son Tyler needed to have a serious surgery.(2008年，卡尔文·洛四岁的儿子泰勒需要做一次严重的手术)”可知，儿子在做手术，因此父母是感到焦虑。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一名护士把这家人叫回来时，洛的恐惧越来越大。A. faded褪色；B. grew生长；C. appeared出现；D. stopped停止。根据上文“When a nurse called the family back, Lowe’s fears”可知，家人被叫回去，因此对儿子手术结果的恐惧越来越大了。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的医生走进房间，告诉这对夫妇他将做这场手术。A. receiving收到；B. recording记录；C. missing错过；D. performing表演，执行。根据后文“how the surgery would proceed”可知，这名医生是执行手术的人。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当医生开始解释手术将如何进行时，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。A. learn学习；B. discover发现；C. explain解释；D. guess猜测。根据后文“how the surgery would proceed”可知，医生开始解释手术将如何进行。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当医生开始解释手术将如何进行时，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。A. option选择；B. reaction反应；C. approach方法；D. outcome结果。根据后文“Lowe’s mind went to the worst possible”可知，随着医生的解释，洛的脑子里想到了最坏的可能结果。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是后来医生做了一件意想不到的事。A. unexpected意外的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. necessary必要的；D. excellent出色的。根据后文“He looked both Lowe and his wife in the eye, put a_____9_____hand on each of their shoulders, and said, “Today, your son is my son.””可知，医生用行为和话语出乎意外地安慰了他们。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看着洛和他的妻子的眼睛，把一只安慰的手放在他们的肩膀上，说：“今天，你的儿子就是我的儿子。”A. balancing平衡；B. leading带领；C. comforting安慰；D. directing指导。根据后文“hand on each of their shoulders, and said, “Today, your son is my son.””可知医生的行为和话在于安慰这对夫妻。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：手术结束后，医生带着灿烂的笑容出来对这家人说：“我们的儿子很好，几分钟后你们就可以在这里看到他了。”A. nurse护士；B. doctor医生；C. patient病人；D. photographer摄影师。根据上文“Today, your son is my son.”可知，来通知消息是刚刚那个安慰他们的医生。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：手术结束后，医生带着灿烂的笑容出来对这家人说:“我们的儿子很好，几分钟后你们就可以在这里看到他了。”A. leave离开；B. see看见；C. catch抓住；D. train训练。根据上文“Our son is just fine, and you can”可知，手术很成功，几分钟后就可以看到儿子了。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：手术后这么多年，洛仍然想起那位年轻医生的善良。A. passes on传递；B. replies to回答；C. pays off取得回报；D. thinks about想起，思考。根据后文“the young doctor’s kindness”指多年后，仍然想到医生的善举。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为那确实减轻了当时的压力。A. relief宽慰；B. reminder提醒物；C. secret秘密；D. source来源。根据后文“and meaningful”可知，医生安慰的话语减轻了他们当时的压力，短语a relief of stress表示“缓解压力”。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无法表达我们对他那天对我们说的话有多感激。A. eager渴望的；B. proud骄傲的；C. grateful感谢的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文可知，医生的话缓解了他们压力和不安，所以是感激。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很有帮助，也很有意义。A. helpful有帮助的；B. successful成功的；C. typical典型的；D. educational教育的。上文提到医生的话缓解了他们的压力，所以是有帮助的。故选A。 第二节 语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes, ___36___ joined East Asia to the Mediterranean. The most important network is the Chang’an- Tianshan Corridor,which ___37___ (stretch) over a distance of around 5,000 kilometres ___38___ covers a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes. The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Road network is Chang’an (present-day Xi’an), in Shaanxi Province of north-west China. It was famous as the capital of the Han and Tang Dynasties. The Silk Road was beginning ___39___ (develop) in the 2nd century BCE. ___40___ (assign ) by the emperor,the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia and ___41___ (seek) to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. ___42___ the initial stage of the Silk Road development, silk was the main item in the trade list thanks to its light weight and high value. In addition to trade exchange, the network served as ___43___ bridge for cultural exchange. All of these ___44___ (activity) contributed to a great age of ____45____ (expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas. 【答案】36. which 37 stretches 38. and 39. to develop 40. Assigned 41. sought 42. At 43. a 44. activities 45. expansion 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的历史及发展。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：丝绸之路是连接东亚和地中海的古代贸易路线网络。先行词为ancient trade routes，作非限制性定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。故填which。 【37题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最重要网络是长安-天山走廊，它延伸了大约5000公里的距离，覆盖了8700公里的贸易路线。先行词为the Chang’an- Tianshan Corridor，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，陈述事实，为一般现在时。主语单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填stretches。 【38题详解】 考查连词。句意：最重要的网络是长安-天山走廊，它延伸了大约5000公里的距离，覆盖了8700公里的贸易路线。前后动词stretches与stretches为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 【39题详解】 考查不定式。句意：丝绸之路在公元前2世纪开始发展。begin to do sth“开始做某事”。故填to develop。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：张骞受皇帝的指派，从长安出发前往中亚，试图在汉朝和西域之间建立沟通的桥梁。空处为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the ambassador Zhang Qian为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填Assigned。 【41题详解】 考查时态。句意：张骞受皇帝的指派，从长安出发前往中亚，试图在汉朝和西域之间建立沟通的桥梁。and并列连接journeyed和sought。句子时态为一般过去时。故填sought。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：在丝绸之路发展的初期，丝绸因其重量轻、价值高而成为贸易清单上的主要项目。“在……阶段”为“at the stage of”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填At。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：除了贸易交流，该网络还起到了文化交流的桥梁作用。泛指“一座桥梁”，用不定冠词，bridge首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：所有这些活动都促成了一个伟大的扩张时代，因为贸易和文化交流使人们获得了新的商品、知识和思想。these后接名词复数，activitiy的复数需要变y为i加es。故填activities。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：所有这些活动都促成了一个伟大的扩张时代，因为贸易和文化交流使人们获得了新的商品、知识和思想。of后接名词expansion作宾语。故填expansion。 第三节 单句语法填空（共10个小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分） 46. Eyes ______ (fix) on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, nearly knocking me off my feet. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】fixed 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：眼睛盯着我的智能手机，我走到路上，一辆汽车从我身边飞驰而过，差点把我撞倒。分析句子结构可知，这里为独立主格结构。逻辑主语Eyes与fix之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填fixed。 47. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China ______（receive）a Nobel Prize for her contributions to the fight against malaria. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to receive 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：屠呦呦因在抗击疟疾方面的贡献，成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。the+序数词+名词+动词不定式，为固定结构，不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。 48. Never________ (concern) that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】concerned 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们从不担心答案会让我们失望，带着愉快和信心翻遍每一块新石头，去发现无法想象的陌生。结合句意表示“担心”短语为be concerned that…，此处省略be动词，用形容词作状语。故填concerned。 49. Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always______ (make) us feel good. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】makes 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：安慰食物味道很好，通过与我们的快乐回忆建立情感联系，总是让我们感觉良好。根据上文tastes可知为一般现在时，主语为Comfort food，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 50. Traditionally, duck is considered ______(have) cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the hot summer months. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，鸭子被认为具有凉性，因此它适合炎热的夏季。短语be considered to do sth.表示“被认为……”。故填to have。 51. He was presented with a watch in a______(感激) of his long service. (根据中英文提示填空) 【答案】appreciation##ppreciation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：有人赠送给他一块手表，以感谢他长期的服务。根据中英文提示可知应用名词appreciation，作宾语。短语in appreciation of表示“为了表达感激之情，以示感谢”。故填appreciation。 52. The new drug is being used ______（实验性）n some patients. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】experimentally 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：这种新药正在一些病人身上进行试验。修饰动词，用副词形式。副词“实验性”英文为experimentally，在句中作状语。故填experimentally。 53. The eye is one of the most ______ (脆弱的) organs of the body. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】delicate 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：眼睛是身体最脆弱的器官之一。根据汉语提示，空处应用形容词delicate，表示“脆弱的”，the most delicate为形容词的最高级形式，作定语修饰名词organs。故填delicate。 54. The first year provides students with a sound ________ (理论上的) basis for later study. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】theoretical 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：第一年为学生以后的学习提供了良好的理论基础。 根据句意和汉语提示“理论上的”可知，空格处缺少形容词theoretical“理论上的”，作定语修饰名词basis，故填theoretical。 【点睛】 55. It ______(估计) that the project will last four years. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】is estimated 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：据估计，这项工程将持续四年。根据汉语提示可知应用动词estimate，此处为句型it is estimated that...表示“据估计……”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，从句与estimate是被动关系，结合句意，用一般现在时，故填is estimated。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作 （满分15分） 56. 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校打算举办“父亲节亲子活动”，请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2. 活动内容。 注意： 1. 词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 NOTICE ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】Dear Students, Aimed at celebrating the bond between you and your fathers, the “Father’s Day Parent-Child Activity” will be hosted. Join us on June 16th at 10:00 AM in the school gym for a day. Exciting activities await you, including interactive games, handmade activities, father-child photo opportunities, and a talent show where you can display your skills with your dad by your side. It’s a day not to be missed! Remember to sign up at the Students’ Union by June 10th. We can’t wait to see you and your father at this heartwarming celebration! The Students’ Union Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定考生是学生会主席李华，你校打算举办“父亲节亲子活动”，请你用英语写一则通知。 【详解】1.词汇积累 庆祝：celebrate→observe 机会：opportunity→chance 展示：display→showcase 举行：host→throw 2.句式拓展 简单句改为复合句 原句：Aimed at celebrating the bond between you and your fathers, the “Father’s Day Parent-Child Activity” will be hosted. 拓展句：The “Father’s Day Parent-Child Activity” will be hosted, which is aimed at celebrating the bond between you and your fathers. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Aimed at celebrating the bond between you and your fathers, the “Father’s Day Parent-Child Activity” will be hosted..（运用了过去分词作状语） 【高分句型2】Exciting activities await you, including interactive games, handmade activities, father-child photo opportunities, and a talent show where you can display your skills with your dad by your side.（运用了where引导的定语从句） 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 She was the prettiest puppy we had ever seen, and the whole family immediately fell in love with her. We named her Onyx because of her black, shiny black coat. She spent her first vacation with us when she was only ten weeks old and had her first bath and swim in the St. Lawrence River. We had no clue that this amazing little ball of fur would end up being our hero. As she grew older, Onyx became more and more involved in our family activities. On hot summer days, Onyx enjoyed floating on the river with us in her own rubber tube (橡皮圈). Amazingly standing on the top of the tube, she smiled while showing off her perfect balance. Resting her front legs and paws over the edge of the rubber tube, she kept her eyes shut as she floated until she’d had enough of the warm sun on her black coat. One day, our eighteen-year-old daughter, Margie, announced she was going to swim across the bay. No one in the family was free to go swimming with her. The unwritten rules, regardless of swimming ability, was to have a companion in the water with you, especially when swimming the width of the bay. I was not a good swimmer, so I said to Margie, “Take Onyx with you.” Having heard her name, Onyx woke up from a nap and was ready for action. Margie signed the dog to follow her. Onyx ran to the water next to her. They entered the freezing river together and swam side by side across the bay. I watched from the bank as they reached the sandbar (沙洲) on the far shore. They rested a few minutes before diving into the water for the return trip. I felt uneasy for some reason and continued to watch the pair swim side by side. Suddenly I heard Margie calling out “I have a cram (痉挛) in the leg! ” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Seeing the pair approaching the riverbank, I breathed a sigh of relief. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Suddenly I heard Margie calling out, “I have a cram ( 痉李 ) in the leg! ” Seized with panic, Margie rubbed her leg hard to relax the muscle but in vain. Seeing her struggling in the water, Onyx immediately swam to the side of Margie and then put her head beneath the girl’s right arm. I yelled for help for fear that they might freeze in the chilly river. But much to my joy, with Margie tightly grabbing Onyx’s collar, our little furry friend began digging deep, slicing through the water with her paws and swimming fast towards the bank with every ounce of strength. Seeing the pair approaching the riverbank, I breathed a sigh of relief. When they finally got to the shore, I reached out to help Margie, pulling her up onto the riverbank and wrapping her in a large towel. Exhausted but excited, Onyx eagerly ran to Margie and gently licked her face to make sure she was Okay, Everyone in the family was grateful for their safe return and Onyx was given an extra treat later in the afternoon for her quick and brave reaction. She became our hero that day and she never ceased to amaze us in the days that followed. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者养了一条狗，给它取名为Onyx，随着Onyx长大，它成为了家庭的一员，一天作者的女儿Margie打算游过海湾，但是没人陪她一起，于是作者让Onyx陪着女儿，当女儿从海湾对面游回来时，突然她脚抽筋了，幸好Onyx救了她，让作者对Onyx非常感激。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“突然，我听到Margie叫道：“我腿抽筋了！””可知，第一段可描写Margie遇险，Onyx救助Margie的场景。 ②由第二段首句内容“看到他们俩走近河岸，我松了一口气。”可知，第二段可描写Onyx成功救下Margie，作者对它的感激之情。 2. 续写线索：Onyx成为家庭一员——女儿打算游过海湾——Onyx陪她一起——腿抽筋遇险——Onyx及时救援——成功回到岸边——感激 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①看到：see/spot/notice ②大喊：yell/shout/bawl ③确保：make sure/ensure/guarantee 情绪类 ①兴奋的：excited/thrilled/enthusiastic ②感激的：grateful/appreciative/thankful 【点睛】[高分句型1]I yelled for help for fear that they might freeze in the chilly river.(运用了that引导的同位语从句) [高分句型2]When they finally got to the shore, I reached out to help Margie, pulling her up onto the riverbank and wrapping her in a large towel.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 听力：1-5 CACAC 6-10 BBACC 11-15 BABAC 16-20 BACAB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$