精品解析：上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷

2023 学年第二学期期末 高一年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷 (本试卷满分100分 考试时间90分钟) I.Listening Comprchension Section A Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A.At a car shop. B.At a bus stop. C.At a gas station. D.In a parking lot. 2. A.$6. B.$2. C.$3. D.$12. 3. A.Teacher and student. B.Father and daughter. CShop assistant and customer. D.Boss and employee. 4.A.To work in July. B.To print a form CTo take a vacation. D.To go back to school 5.A.An amazing book. B.A female writer. C.A scientific field. D.A strong voice. 6. A.He missed it B.He watched it C.He disliked it. D.He would watch it again. 7. A.She would rather see a blank wall. B.The wall needs more space for it. C.It should be put on another wall. D.It makes the wall look better. 8. A.She thinks a hair dryer is an ideal present. B.She isn't sure how practical the man's gift is. C.She wants to know what's making all the noise. D.She can't hear anything when the hair dryer is on. 9. A.He did not attend today's class. B.His notes are not easy to read. C.His handwriting has a unique style. D.He is very pleased to be able to help. 10. A.He's surprised she chose that agency. B.He wonders why she still keeps her job. C.He doubtshow much money she makes. D.He doesn't know when her classes started. Section B Directions: In Section B,you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation.The passage and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 12 are based on the following passage. 11.A.The kilometer-long beach was practically deserted. B.The beautiful beach was spoiled with lots of trash. C.Other tourists refused to join in the cleanup. D.One of his friends was caught littering on the beach. 12.A.It was tourists not natives who were cleaning up the beach. B.The number of tourists to the beach is on a steady decline. C.The local beach was polluted to such a severe degree. D.The tourists'good deed was not noticed by the locals. Questions 13 through 15 are based on the following conversation. 13.A.He landed hard when saving animals. B.He twisted his ankle when playing football. C.He ran too fast when playing with colleagues. D.He fell over when running along the canal. 14A.To teach kids some useful knowledge. B.To learm how popular zoos could be. C.To see some rare animals in cages. D.To give her little nephew a treat. 15.A.Dan coaches tennis players every week. B.Dan is keen on extreme physical activities. C.The man has been busy reading recently. D.The woman wants to read something about Christmas. M.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, ____1____ (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, ____2____ continues to push the generative AI movement forward. ____3____ “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models ____4____ have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora ____5____ (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on ____6____ creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work ____7____ progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations ____8____ (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously ____9____ (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts _____10_____ (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. average B. adapt C. consisting D. persistent E. exactly F. stuck G. failing H. extremely I. referred J. initial K. range From roughly the 16th to 19th centuries, much of the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cold. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) experienced long stretches of temperatures so cold that people witnessed crops ____11____ and rivers freezing — like the Scheldt River. Thousands of people walking and playing across the frozen River Thames; Soldiers on horseback seeing ships ____12____ in the ice; Natives using snowshoes to outsmart the English army…These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium in which parts of the Northern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) ____13____ cold. But what caused the Little Ice Age, how long did it last, how did people ____14____ to the freezing cold — and what lessons can we learn as we enter our own period of climatic change? The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age — ____15____cooling was probably only in the order of 0.5 degrees Celsius, or 1 degree Fahrenheit — or was it consistently cold. Dagomar Degroot, associate professor of environmental history at Georgetown University has ____16____to the era as a series of “little ice ages.” Although some researchers argue it may have begun earlier, NASA defines the Little Ice Age as beginning around 1550 and ____17____ of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850. Scientists are still working out ____18____ what caused the Little Ice Age too. Theories ____19____ from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America, which allowed forests to replace agricultural land, in the process removing about seven billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. A 2022 study argued that the ______20______ trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic. Whatever the cause, the consequences of the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect on history, although to what extent is still controversial. III.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Perhaps no issue attracts more senior leadership attention than growth does, and for good reason.___21___in gains and profits is the standard by which we tend to measure the competitive fitness and health of companies. Analysts, investors, and boards are especially concerned about growth___22___to get insight into stock prices. ___23___are attracted to faster-growing companies because they offer better opportunities for advancement and higher pay. Suppliers prefer faster-growing customers because working with them improves their own growth prospects. While sustained profitable growth is a nearly universal goal, it is a(n) ___24___one for many companies. Many researches conducted on the long-term patterms of growth in U.S.corporations suggest that when inflation is___25___, most companies barely grow. ___26___in an analysis of 10,897 publicly held U.S.companies from 1976 to 2019, researchers found that firms in the top quartile grew at an inflation-adjusted average of 11.8% per year, but those in the lower three quartiles experienced little or no growth (0.3%, 0.03%, and 0.5%, respectively). And the majority of firms in the top quartile were unable to ___27___ superior growth performance for more than a few years. Over the past two decades, I have tried to understand why some companies are effective at sustaining growth. I have found that while the usual explanations, such as market forces and technological changes do play a role, many companies’ growth problems are done by themselves. ___28___, firms approach growth in a highly reactive, opportunistic manner. When market demand is booming, they throw resources at developing new capacity, and build out organizational infrastructure without thinking through the ___29___— for example, whether their operating systems and processes can scale, how rapid growth might affect corporate culture and what would happen if demand slows. In the process of chasing growth, companies can easily destroy the things that made them _____30_____in the first place, such as their capacity for innovation, their great customer service, or their unique cultures. 21. A. Attention B. Leadership C. Growth D. Insight 22. A. requirements B. prospects C. struggles D. developments 23. A. Bosses B. Investors C. Employees D. Producers 24. A. difficult B. achievable C. inevitable D. easy 25. A. based on B. tracked down C. equipped with D. taken into account 26. A. For instance B. On the contrary C. As a result D. What’s more 27. A. improve B. sustain C. recognize D. decline 28. A. Respectively B. Ultimately C. Specifically D. Reasonably 29. A. benefits B. opportunities C. technologies D. implications 30. A. typical B. technical C. happy D. successful Section B Directions: Rend the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement.For cach of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Adapted from Shanghai writer Jin Yucheng’s Mao Dun Literature Prize winning novel, Fan Hua (Blossoms), the series — which primarily takes place between 1993 and 1994 — follows the journey of Ah Bao, an ambitious everyman who takes every chance and rises to become a legendary figure in the city’s most upper-class commercial circles. Aside from emphasizing his ability to seize opportunities in the stock and foreign trade markets, the plot also follows his delicate, and romance-like relationships with three women. The enthusiasm the drama has stirred up has led to tourists flooding to the show’s locations, such as the Fairmont Peace Hotel, which is where he rents a luxurious room to do business, and Huanghe Road, which was lined with the most high-end restaurants in the 1990s. Other examples include fans waiting in long queues outside restaurants to order a plate of fried pork chops with rice cakes, a traditional Shanghai dish that Boss Bao always orders. The drama’s popularity even extends to its soundtrack. Steal One’s Heart, a song used to set the heartbreaking atmosphere in a particular scene gains newfound popularity. Considered by some critics as a love letter from the director to Shanghai, the city shot through the lens arouses a feeling that is both familiar and fresh. While showing landmarks like the Bund and the Oriental Pearl Tower, the drama also presents Shanghai’s cityscape in a brighter and warmer manner, as if the city has been polished by the memory of someone who loves it deeply. Buxiang, a phrase that means “keeping silent” and which represents the concept of keeping a low profile in the Shanghai dialect, is one of the most frequently heard phrases in the drama. However, the show’s popularity has caused the phrase to become a hit, as some fans on major review sites like Douban, where the drama has received a rating of 8.5 out of 10, have commented. 31. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the book Fan Hua? A. The novel once won Mao Dun Literature Prize. B. Its hero Ah Bao born from a wealthy family became a legend. C. The novel focuses on Ah Bao’s ability to catch opportunities. D. Ah Bao’s relationships with other female characters are vividly described. 32. What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A. Why is the drama so popular among tourists? B. What do some critics think of the drama? C. How do people show their love for the drama? D. What kinds of food are mentioned in the drama? 33. Which of the following can be used to describe Shanghai presented in the drama? A. Popular but hard to understand. B. Familiar but somewhat different. C. Bright but dark at heart. D. Warm but distant in some way. (B) Talking therapies for anxiety and depression Talking therapies, or psychological therapies, are effective treatments delivered by fully trained and qualified experts. They can help if you’re struggling with things like feelings of depression, excessive worry, social anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). · You can access talking therapies for free on the National Health Service (NHS) in UK. · You can refer yourself directly to a talking therapies service without recommendation. · Help is available in person, by video, over the phone or as an online course. What can talking therapies help with? You do not need to have a diagnosed mental health problem first. Getting support as soon as you start having difficulties can help to reduce their impact. You may be: · feeling anxious · feeling low and hopeless · having panic attacks · finding it hard to cope with work, life or relationships · struggling with flashbacks and nightmares about things from your past · feeling stressed Other things that talking therapies can help with include: · worrying a lot · excessive thoughts or behaviours · fear social situations · being afraid of things, such as spiders, flying or heights Types of talking therapies There are a range of evidence-based talking therapies. Which therapy you are offered depends on which one has been shown to be most helpful for your symptoms. Examples of talking therapies include: · guided self-help-where a therapist coaches you as you work through a self-help course in your own time, either using a workbook or an online course · cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based on the idea that thoughts, feelings, what we do, and how our bodies feel physically, are all connected. CBT helps you notice and challenge thoughts or behaviours to help you feel better. · interpersonal therapy (IPT) or dynamic interpersonal therapy (DIT)-therapies that look at the link between your depression and your relationships Talking therapies can also help if you have mental health problems resulting from other conditions, such as diabetes (糖尿病), cancer, long-term pain. Talking therapies are oftered in different ways, including: · using a self-help workbook with the support of a therapist · as an online course · one-to-one sessions either in person, over the phone or as a video consultation · in a group 34. You are recommended talking therapics if you are________. A. feeling optimistic about the future B. suffering from diabetes or cancer C. lacking in thoughts or behaviours D. afraid of getting along with others 35. During the therapy, which of the following might happen? A. You conduct a self-help course all by yourself. B. Your thoughts and how your body feel disconnect. C. You feel better after noticing and challenging thoughts. D. You have to work in a group to receive talking therapies. 36. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To inform people of talking therapies. B. To persuade people to take talking therapies. C. To call for donation for talking therapies. D. To describe the history of talking therapies. (C) ①The world’s heaviest snake has been hiding a big secret. ② According to a study published today in the open-access journal MDPI Diversity, the animal known as the green anaconda, or Eunectes murinus, is actually two genetically distinct species, despite each species looking so similar that even experts can’t tell them apart. ③“Genetically, the differences are massive,” says Bryan Fry, a National Geographic Explorer, biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia, and coauthor of the new study. “They’re five-and-a-half percent different, genetically. Now, to put that into context, we’re about two percent different from chimps,” he says. ④ To make the shocking discovery, Fry and his coauthors collected blood and tissue samples from green anacondas in Ecuador, Venezuela, and Brazil.The study authors also examined each animal closely to count scales and look for other physical traits that could signal an evolutionary difference. After running the genetic data, they found a clear divide between anacondas sampled in the northern part of the range as opposed to those in the south. And based on those findings, they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), while E. murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas. ⑤Fry says his jaw dropped when the analyses completed. “I didn’t expect that level of difference,” he says. “It’s just mind-blowing. We were all of us very much doing happy dances.” ⑥While it may seem like splitting hairs to re-classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another, Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures. Right now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk, but this classification is based, in part, on how widely distributed a species is. “It’s important, because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern, and so that means it’s much more vulnerable,” says Fry. ⑦Working with giant snakes isn’t easy. The fact that anacondas are massive, powerful predators is just one reason the animals haven’t been more closely studied. However, more work of this kind may be needed to understand how the northern and southern green anacondas started separate evolutionary tracks. After all, the two species appear to coexist in French Guiana, even as close as being found on opposite riverbanks, says Fry. And yet, there’s no evidence of interbreeding in their genetics. 37. W'hy did the author mention “we’re about two percent different from chimps” in paragraph 3? A. To show how genetically different green anacondas are. B. To show how distant we humans are from green anacondas. C. To show how similar green anacondas are in appearance. D. To show how hard it is for experts to tell green anacondas apart. 38. Based on the context, what does the underlined word “delineations” in paragraph 6 mean? A. similarity B. conservation C. classification D. extinction 39. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Experts suggest continuing to refer to the northern green anacondas as Eunectes murinus. B. Experts are sure of how green anacondas started different evolutionary tracks. C The classification of green anacondas helps arouse awareness of its protection. D. The two species of green anacondas once interbred in their genetics when living close. 40. Which is the best title of the passage? A Eunectes akayima: splitting hairs B. Eunectes murinus: the world’s heaviest snake C. Northern green anaconda: a newly found species D. Green anacondas: two genetically different species IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 41. 比赛快结束时，乔丹(Jordan)投出了球，得分了! (as) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 42. 品尝当地菜肴让孩子们亲身感受其背后隐藏的文化。(person) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 43. 志愿者们正努力从非法捕猎中救出海豚，并将它们安全地送回大海。(release) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 44. 这位演讲者分享了一个案例：村民们灵活地利用手头的资源改变了整个村庄。 (transform)（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing 45. Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高一学生李明，在你校英语报读到如下征文启事：从小学至今，每个 人都制定过许多计划，有过许多新学期愿景，其中有些中途放弃了，有些坚持到底了。请你就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文，内容需包括： ● 简单描述你曾经中途放弃或坚持到底的某个计划； ● 阐述你中途放弃或坚持到底的原因以及对你的启示。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023 学年第二学期期末 高一年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷 (本试卷满分100分 考试时间90分钟) I.Listening Comprchension Section A Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A.At a car shop. B.At a bus stop. C.At a gas station. D.In a parking lot. 2. A.$6. B.$2. C.$3. D.$12. 3. A.Teacher and student. B.Father and daughter. C.Shop assistant and customer. D.Boss and employee. 4.A.To work in July. B.To print a form C.To take a vacation. D.To go back to school 5A.An amazing book. B.A female writer. C.A scientific field. D.A strong voice. 6 A.He missed it B.He watched it C.He disliked it. D.He would watch it again. 7. A.She would rather see a blank wall. B.The wall needs more space for it. C.It should be put on another wall. D.It makes the wall look better. 8. A.She thinks a hair dryer is an ideal present. B.She isn't sure how practical the man's gift is. C.She wants to know what's making all the noise. D.She can't hear anything when the hair dryer is on. 9 A.He did not attend today's class. B.His notes are not easy to read. C.His handwriting has a unique style. D.He is very pleased to be able to help. 10. A.He's surprised she chose that agency. B.He wonders why she still keeps her job. C.He doubtshow much money she makes. D.He doesn't know when her classes started. Section B Directions: In Section B,you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on the passage and the conversation.The passage and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 12 are based on the following passage. 11.A.The kilometer-long beach was practically deserted. B.The beautiful beach was spoiled with lots of trash. C.Other tourists refused to join in the cleanup. D.One of his friends was caught littering on the beach. 12.A.It was tourists not natives who were cleaning up the beach. B.The number of tourists to the beach is on a steady decline. C.The local beach was polluted to such a severe degree. D.The tourists'good deed was not noticed by the locals. Questions 13 through 15 are based on the following conversation. 13.A.He landed hard when saving animals. B.He twisted his ankle when playing football. C.He ran too fast when playing with colleagues. D.He fell over when running along the canal. 14.A.To teach kids some useful knowledge. B.To learm how popular zoos could be. C.To see some rare animals in cages. D.To give her little nephew a treat. 15.A.Dan coaches tennis players every week. B.Dan is keen on extreme physical activities. C.The man has been busy reading recently. D.The woman wants to read something about Christmas. M.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Sora: OpenAl will now let you create videos from verbal cues Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI introduced a new AI model called Sora which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-second videos from quick text instructions. In a blog post on Wednesday, the company said Sora is capable of generating videos up to 60 seconds in length from text instructions, ____1____ (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types of motion, and detailed background details. This is the latest effort from the company behind the viral chatbot ChatGPT, ____2____ continues to push the generative AI movement forward. ____3____ “multi-modal models” are not new and text-to-video models already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sora to have, according to Reece Hayden, a senior analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types of AI models ____4____ have a big impact on digital entertainment. Sora ____5____ (make) available to online security professors soon in order to assess the product for harms or risks. It is also granting access to a number of visual artists, designers and filmmakers to collect feedback on ____6____ creative professionals could use it. For now, OpenAI said Sora is still a work ____7____ progress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it comes to spatial details of a prompt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update comes as OpenAI continues to advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the company said it is testing a feature in which users can control ChatGPT’s memory, allowing them to ask the platform to remember chats to make future conversations ____8____ (personalized) or tell it to forget something previously ____9____ (discuss). The company also said it plans to work with a team of experts _____10_____ (test) the latest model and look closely at various areas including misinformation,hateful content and prejudice. 【答案】1. serving 2. which 3. While##Though##Although 4 can 5. will be made 6. how 7. in 8. more personalized 9. discussed 10. to test 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI新推出的AI模型Sora，该模型能根据简短文本指令生成长达60秒的视频，有望深刻影响数字娱乐领域。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，该公司在博客文章中表示，Sora能够根据简短的文字指令生成长达60秒的视频，提供包含多个角色、特定类型的动作和详细背景细节的场景。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词is可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，动词serve“提供”与从句主语Sora之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填serving。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这是风靡一时的聊天机器人ChatGPT背后的公司的最新努力，它继续推动生成人工智能运动向前发展。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词continues，且句子不能构成并列句，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the company，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【3题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：ABI Research的高级分析师Reece Hayden表示，虽然“多模态模型”并不新鲜，文本到视频的模型已经存在，但根据OpenAI声称的Sora的长度和准确性，这使其与众不同。根据句子的谓语动词are和is，以及前后句意的对比转折关系可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可用while/though/although引导，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 【4题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：Hayden说，这类AI模型可能对数字娱乐产生重大影响。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据已有动词原形have及句意可知，空处需填情态动词，表示能力或可能性，应用can，表明这类模型有潜力带来大的影响。故填can。 【5题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：Sora 将很快提供给在线安全专家，以便他们评估该产品是否存在危害或风险。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据soon可知，句子讲述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且Sora与make之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be made。 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：它还向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放访问，以收集反馈，了解创意专业人士如何使用它。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词could use可知，空处引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导，说明他们想要了解的是使用方式。故填how。 【7题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：目前，OpenAI表示Sora仍是一个正在进行中的工作，有明显的“弱点”，特别是在空间细节提示方面会混淆左右和因果关系。in progress为固定搭配，意为“正在进行中”。故填in。 【8题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前make future conversations可知，此处应用形容词作宾补，且与未使用此功能前的情况相比，应用形容词personalized的比较级more personalized表示“更加个性化的”。故填more personalized。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前的不定代词something和副词previously可知，空处需用discuss的适当形式与previously一起修饰something，something与discuss之间为被动关系，应用过去分词discussed，作后置定语。故填discussed。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司还表示，计划与一个专家团队合作，测试最新模型，并密切关注包括错误信息、恶意内容和偏见在内的各个领域。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词plans可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式，空处表目的，应用不定式形式to test，说明与专家团队合作的目的。故填to test。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A. average B. adapt C. consisting D. persistent E. exactly F. stuck G. failing H. extremely I. referred J. initial K. range From roughly the 16th to 19th centuries, much of the Earth was caught by a persistent freezing cold. During this time, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) experienced long stretches of temperatures so cold that people witnessed crops ____11____ and rivers freezing — like the Scheldt River. Thousands of people walking and playing across the frozen River Thames; Soldiers on horseback seeing ships ____12____ in the ice; Natives using snowshoes to outsmart the English army…These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium in which parts of the Northern Hemisphere struggled with a(n) ____13____ cold. But what caused the Little Ice Age, how long did it last, how did people ____14____ to the freezing cold — and what lessons can we learn as we enter our own period of climatic change? The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age — ____15____cooling was probably only in the order of 0.5 degrees Celsius, or 1 degree Fahrenheit — or was it consistently cold. Dagomar Degroot, associate professor of environmental history at Georgetown University has ____16____to the era as a series of “little ice ages.” Although some researchers argue it may have begun earlier, NASA defines the Little Ice Age as beginning around 1550 and ____17____ of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850. Scientists are still working out ____18____ what caused the Little Ice Age too. Theories ____19____ from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America, which allowed forests to replace agricultural land, in the process removing about seven billion tons of carbon from the atmosphere. A 2022 study argued that the ______20______ trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic. Whatever the cause, the consequences of the Little Ice Age have a lasting effect on history, although to what extent is still controversial. 【答案】11. G 12. F 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. I 17. C 18. E 19. K 20. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球北半球的小冰河时期的情况。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：在此期间，北半球经历了长时间的低温，人们目睹了庄稼歉收，河流冻结，比如斯海尔德河。根据“the Northern Hemisphere experienced long stretches of temperatures”以及句意“歉收”可知应填fail，此处为现在分词作宾补。故选G。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：成千上万的人在结冰的泰晤士河上散步玩耍；马背上的士兵看见船陷在冰里；当地人用雪鞋智胜英国军队……根据“in the ice”以及句意“陷在”可知应填过去分词stuck，作宾补。故选F。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：这些是定义小冰期的一些图像——在过去一千年的几个世纪里，北半球的部分地区与持续的寒冷作斗争。根据“These were some of the images that define the Little Ice Age — a period of several centuries last millennium”以及句意“持续的”可知应填形容词persistent，修饰名词cold。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：但是，是什么导致了小冰期，它持续了多长时间，人们是如何适应寒冷的，当我们进入自己的气候变化时期时，我们能学到什么？根据“to the freezing cold”以及句意“适应”可知应填动词adapt，此处为特殊疑问句，应填原形。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：小冰河期并不是真正的冰河期——平均温度可能只有0.5摄氏度，或者1华氏度——或者它一直很冷。根据“nor was it consistently cold”以及句意“平均的”可知应填形容词average，修饰名词cooling。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：乔治城大学环境史副教授达格马尔·德格鲁特把这个时代称为一系列的“小冰河期”。根据“to the era as a series of “little ice ages.””以及句意“称为”可知应填refer，根据has可知为现在完成时。故选I。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管一些研究人员认为它可能开始得更早，但美国宇航局将小冰川期定义为大约始于1550年，由三个寒冷的高峰组成——大约在1650年、1770年和1850年。根据“of three cold peaks-around 1650,1770 and 1850”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填consist，作介词as的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选C。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：科学家们还在研究导致小冰河期的确切原因。根据“what caused the Little Ice Age too”以及句意“确切”可知应填副词exactly，作状语。故选E。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：从太阳活动减少到火山爆发增加，再到北美人口的减少，这使得森林取代了农田，在这个过程中从大气中去除了大约70亿吨的碳。根据“from decreased solar activity to increased volcanic eruptions, to the decline of populations in North America”以及句意“范围变化”可知应填动词range，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选K。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：2022年的一项研究认为，最初的触发因素实际上是14世纪后期从热带向北流动的极暖水上升，将北极的冰推入北大西洋。根据“trigger was actually a rise of extremely warm water flowing north from the tropics in the late 1300s,which pushed Arctic ice into the North Atlantic”以及句意“最初的”可知应填形容词initial，作定语修饰名词trigger。故选J。 III.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Perhaps no issue attracts more senior leadership attention than growth does, and for good reason.___21___in gains and profits is the standard by which we tend to measure the competitive fitness and health of companies. Analysts, investors, and boards are especially concerned about growth___22___to get insight into stock prices. ___23___are attracted to faster-growing companies because they offer better opportunities for advancement and higher pay. Suppliers prefer faster-growing customers because working with them improves their own growth prospects. While sustained profitable growth is a nearly universal goal, it is a(n) ___24___one for many companies. Many researches conducted on the long-term patterms of growth in U.S.corporations suggest that when inflation is___25___, most companies barely grow. ___26___in an analysis of 10,897 publicly held U.S.companies from 1976 to 2019, researchers found that firms in the top quartile grew at an inflation-adjusted average of 11.8% per year, but those in the lower three quartiles experienced little or no growth (0.3%, 0.03%, and 0.5%, respectively). And the majority of firms in the top quartile were unable to ___27___ superior growth performance for more than a few years. Over the past two decades, I have tried to understand why some companies are effective at sustaining growth. I have found that while the usual explanations, such as market forces and technological changes do play a role, many companies’ growth problems are done by themselves. ___28___, firms approach growth in a highly reactive, opportunistic manner. When market demand is booming, they throw resources at developing new capacity, and build out organizational infrastructure without thinking through the ___29___— for example, whether their operating systems and processes can scale, how rapid growth might affect corporate culture and what would happen if demand slows. In the process of chasing growth, companies can easily destroy the things that made them _____30_____in the first place, such as their capacity for innovation, their great customer service, or their unique cultures. 21. A. Attention B. Leadership C. Growth D. Insight 22. A. requirements B. prospects C. struggles D. developments 23. A. Bosses B. Investors C. Employees D. Producers 24. A. difficult B. achievable C. inevitable D. easy 25. A. based on B. tracked down C. equipped with D. taken into account 26. A. For instance B. On the contrary C. As a result D. What’s more 27. A. improve B. sustain C. recognize D. decline 28. A. Respectively B. Ultimately C. Specifically D. Reasonably 29. A. benefits B. opportunities C. technologies D. implications 30. A. typical B. technical C. happy D. successful 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经济增长对企业的优势，并分析了一些公司存在增长问题的原因。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：收益和利润的增长是我们衡量公司竞争力的标准。A. Attention注意；B. Leadership领导力；C. Growth增长；D. Insight洞察力。根据前文“Perhaps no issue attracts more senior leadership attention than growth does”及后文“in gains and profits”可知，收益和利润的增长是衡量公司竞争力的标准。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：分析师、投资者和董事会尤其关注增长前景，以了解股价。A. requirements要求；B. prospects前景；C. struggles奋斗；D. developments发展。根据前文“Analysts，investors，and boards”及后文“to get insight into stock prices”可知，分析师、投资者和董事会需要了解增长前景如何，才能预测股价。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工被快速发展的公司所吸引，因为他们提供更好的晋升机会和更高的薪水。A. Bosses老板；B. Investors投资者；C. Employees员工；D. Producers生产者。根据后文“because they offer better opportunities for advancement and higher pay”可知，更好的晋升机会和更高的薪水可以吸引就业者。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然持续的盈利增长几乎是一个普遍的目标，但对许多公司来说，这是一个困难的目标。A. difficult困难的；B. achievable可实现的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“While sustained profitable growth is a nearly universal goal”及后文“most companies barely grow.”可知，前后构成转折，虽然这是普遍的目标，但对许多公司来说，这也是一个困难的目标。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多关于美国公司长期增长模式的研究表明，如果考虑到通货膨胀，大多数公司几乎没有增长。A. based on以……为基础；B. tracked down追踪；C. equipped with有……的配置；D. taken into account被考虑在内。根据前文“inflation”及后文“most companies barely grow.”可知，将通货膨胀考虑在内的话，大多数公司几乎没有增长。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：例如，在对1976年至2019年10897家美国上市公司的分析中，研究人员发现，排名前四分之一的公司经通胀调整后的年平均增长率为11.8%，但排名后四分之三的公司几乎没有增长(分别为0.3%、0.03%和0.5%)。A. For instance例如；B. On the contrary相反；C. As a result作为结果；D. What’s more更重要的是。根据前文“most companies barely grow.”及后文“but those in the lower three quartiles experienced little or no growth”可知，此处举例证明了在通货膨胀的影响下，大多数公司几乎没有增长的事实。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：排名前四分之一的大多数公司都无法在数年内保持优异的增长表现。A. improve提高；B. sustain保持；C. recognize认出；D. decline下降。根据前文“firms in the top quartile grew at an inflation-adjusted average of 11.8%per year”及后文“superior growth performance for more than a few years”可知，虽然一开始排名前四分之一的公司经通胀调整后的年平均增长率较高，但这种优异的增长表现无法一直保持。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：具体来说，公司以一种高度反应性、机会主义的方式接近增长。A. Respectively分别地；B. Ultimately最终地；C. Specifically具体地，确切地说；D. Reasonably通情达理地。根据前文“many companies’ growth problems are done by themselves”及后文“firms approach growth in a highly reactive,opportunistic manner.”可知，作者认为一些公司的增长问题主要是自身的原因造成的，后文对此进行了具体的说明。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当市场需求激增时，他们把资源投入到开发新能力上，并在不考虑其影响的情况下建立组织基础设施——例如，他们的操作系统和流程是否可以扩展，快速增长可能对企业文化产生何种影响，以及如果需求放缓会发生什么。A. benefits好处；B. opportunities机会；C. technologies科技；D. implications可能的影响。根据后文“whether their operating systems and processes can scale,how rapid growth might affect corporate culture and what would happen if demand slows.”可知，这些都是公司在建立组织基础设施时，没有考虑到的问题，他们盲目而迅速地做出决策，没有考虑这些决策可能的影响。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在追求增长的过程中，公司很容易毁掉最初让他们成功的东西，比如创新能力、出色的客户服务或独特的文化。A. typical典型的；B. technical技术的；C. happy开心的；D. successful成功的。根据后文“such as their capacity for innovation, their great customer service, or their unique cultures.”可知，创新能力、出色的客户服务或独特的文化都是可以让一家公司成功的因素。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Rend the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement.For cach of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Adapted from Shanghai writer Jin Yucheng’s Mao Dun Literature Prize winning novel, Fan Hua (Blossoms), the series — which primarily takes place between 1993 and 1994 — follows the journey of Ah Bao, an ambitious everyman who takes every chance and rises to become a legendary figure in the city’s most upper-class commercial circles. Aside from emphasizing his ability to seize opportunities in the stock and foreign trade markets, the plot also follows his delicate, and romance-like relationships with three women. The enthusiasm the drama has stirred up has led to tourists flooding to the show’s locations, such as the Fairmont Peace Hotel, which is where he rents a luxurious room to do business, and Huanghe Road, which was lined with the most high-end restaurants in the 1990s. Other examples include fans waiting in long queues outside restaurants to order a plate of fried pork chops with rice cakes, a traditional Shanghai dish that Boss Bao always orders. The drama’s popularity even extends to its soundtrack. Steal One’s Heart, a song used to set the heartbreaking atmosphere in a particular scene gains newfound popularity. Considered by some critics as a love letter from the director to Shanghai, the city shot through the lens arouses a feeling that is both familiar and fresh. While showing landmarks like the Bund and the Oriental Pearl Tower, the drama also presents Shanghai’s cityscape in a brighter and warmer manner, as if the city has been polished by the memory of someone who loves it deeply. Buxiang, a phrase that means “keeping silent” and which represents the concept of keeping a low profile in the Shanghai dialect, is one of the most frequently heard phrases in the drama. However, the show’s popularity has caused the phrase to become a hit, as some fans on major review sites like Douban, where the drama has received a rating of 8.5 out of 10, have commented. 31. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the book Fan Hua? A. The novel once won Mao Dun Literature Prize. B. Its hero Ah Bao born from a wealthy family became a legend. C. The novel focuses on Ah Bao’s ability to catch opportunities. D Ah Bao’s relationships with other female characters are vividly described. 32. What is the main idea of paragraph 2? A. Why is the drama so popular among tourists? B. What do some critics think of the drama? C. How do people show their love for the drama? D. What kinds of food are mentioned in the drama? 33. Which of the following can be used to describe Shanghai presented in the drama? A. Popular but hard to understand. B. Familiar but somewhat different. C. Bright but dark at heart. D. Warm but distant in some way. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了改编自金宇澄的茅盾文学奖获奖小说《繁花》的电视剧，讲述了主人公阿宝在1993年至1994年间抓住机遇，成为商业圈传奇人物的故事。同时，该剧也展示了主人公与三位女性的情感纠葛，引起了观众的热烈反响，带动了拍摄地点的旅游热潮，并提升了剧中的歌曲和方言词汇的知名度。。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“the series — which primarily takes place between 1993 and 1994 — follows the journey of Ah Bao, an ambitious everyman(该剧的故事背景设定在1993年到1994年之间，讲述了一个雄心勃勃的普通人阿宝的人生之旅)”可知，阿宝原本是一个普通人。B项“它的主人公阿宝出生在一个富裕的家庭，成为一个传奇”是错误描述。故选B项。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The enthusiasm the drama has stirred up has led to tourists flooding to the show’s locations, such as the Fairmont Peace Hotel, which is where he rents a luxurious room to do business, and Huanghe Road, which was lined with the most high-end restaurants in the 1990s. Other examples include fans waiting in long queues outside restaurants to order a plate of fried pork chops with rice cakes, a traditional Shanghai dish that Boss Bao always orders. The drama’s popularity even extends to its soundtrack. Steal One’s Heart, a song used to set the heartbreaking atmosphere in a particular scene gains newfound popularity.(这部剧掀起的热潮导致游客蜂拥至剧中的拍摄地点，比如他租下豪华房间做生意的费尔蒙和平饭店，以及上世纪90年代到处都是高档餐厅的黄河路。其他例子还包括，粉丝们在餐厅外排起长队，只为点一盘炸猪排年糕，这是包老板经常点的一道传统上海菜。这部剧的受欢迎程度甚至延伸到了它的配乐上。《偷一个人的心》，这首歌用来在一个特定的场景中营造令人心碎的氛围)”可知，第二段主要描写了电视剧激起了人们对拍摄地的热情和兴趣，粉丝们纷纷前行参观这些地方来体验这部剧的背景。所以第二段主要回答了“人们如何表达对这部剧的喜爱？”这一问题。故选C项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Considered by some critics as a love letter from the director to Shanghai, the city shot through the lens arouses a feeling that is both familiar and fresh.(一些评论家认为这是导演写给上海的情书，镜头下的这座城市唤起了一种既熟悉又新鲜的感觉)”可知，剧中的上海既熟悉又新鲜，有些不同。故选B项。 (B) Talking therapies for anxiety and depression Talking therapies, or psychological therapies, are effective treatments delivered by fully trained and qualified experts. They can help if you’re struggling with things like feelings of depression, excessive worry, social anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). · You can access talking therapies for free on the National Health Service (NHS) in UK. · You can refer yourself directly to a talking therapies service without recommendation. · Help is available in person, by video, over the phone or as an online course. What can talking therapies help with? You do not need to have a diagnosed mental health problem first. Getting support as soon as you start having difficulties can help to reduce their impact. You may be: · feeling anxious · feeling low and hopeless · having panic attacks · finding it hard to cope with work, life or relationships · struggling with flashbacks and nightmares about things from your past · feeling stressed Other things that talking therapies can help with include: · worrying a lot · excessive thoughts or behaviours · fear social situations · being afraid of things, such as spiders, flying or heights Types of talking therapies There are a range of evidence-based talking therapies. Which therapy you are offered depends on which one has been shown to be most helpful for your symptoms. Examples of talking therapies include: · guided self-help-where a therapist coaches you as you work through a self-help course in your own time, either using a workbook or an online course · cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based on the idea that thoughts, feelings, what we do, and how our bodies feel physically, are all connected. CBT helps you notice and challenge thoughts or behaviours to help you feel better. · interpersonal therapy (IPT) or dynamic interpersonal therapy (DIT)-therapies that look at the link between your depression and your relationships Talking therapies can also help if you have mental health problems resulting from other conditions, such as diabetes (糖尿病), cancer, long-term pain. Talking therapies are oftered in different ways, including: · using a self-help workbook with the support of a therapist · as an online course · one-to-one sessions either in person, over the phone or as a video consultation · in a group 34. You are recommended talking therapics if you are________. A. feeling optimistic about the future B. suffering from diabetes or cancer C. lacking in thoughts or behaviours D. afraid of getting along with others 35. During the therapy, which of the following might happen? A. You conduct a self-help course all by yourself. B. Your thoughts and how your body feel disconnect. C. You feel better after noticing and challenging thoughts. D. You have to work in a group to receive talking therapies. 36. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To inform people of talking therapies. B. To persuade people to take talking therapies. C. To call for donation for talking therapies. D. To describe the history of talking therapies. 【答案】34. D 35. C 36. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了治疗焦虑和抑郁的谈话疗法。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They can help if you’re struggling with things like feelings of depression, excessive worry, social anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).(如果你正遭受抑郁、过度担忧、社交焦虑或创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 等情绪困扰，它们可以为你提供帮助)”可知，害怕与他人相处是社交焦虑的一种表现，由此可知，如果你害怕与人相处，那么建议你接受谈话疗法，故选D。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据Types of talking therapies部分下的Examples of talking therapies include:中第二段“CBT helps you notice and challenge thoughts or behaviours to help you feel better.(CBT可帮助你注意并挑战想法或行为，从而帮助你感觉更好)”可知，在治疗期间，在注意并挑战想法后，你会感觉好一些。故选C。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Talking therapies for anxiety and depression(治疗焦虑和抑郁的谈话疗法)”可知，文章主要介绍了谈话疗法的适作用以及类型，由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是让人们了解谈话疗法，故选A。 (C) ①The world’s heaviest snake has been hiding a big secret. ② According to a study published today in the open-access journal MDPI Diversity, the animal known as the green anaconda, or Eunectes murinus, is actually two genetically distinct species, despite each species looking so similar that even experts can’t tell them apart. ③“Genetically, the differences are massive,” says Bryan Fry, a National Geographic Explorer, biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia, and coauthor of the new study. “They’re five-and-a-half percent different, genetically. Now, to put that into context, we’re about two percent different from chimps,” he says. ④ To make the shocking discovery, Fry and his coauthors collected blood and tissue samples from green anacondas in Ecuador, Venezuela, and Brazil.The study authors also examined each animal closely to count scales and look for other physical traits that could signal an evolutionary difference. After running the genetic data, they found a clear divide between anacondas sampled in the northern part of the range as opposed to those in the south. And based on those findings, they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), while E. murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas. ⑤Fry says his jaw dropped when the analyses completed. “I didn’t expect that level of difference,” he says. “It’s just mind-blowing. We were all of us very much doing happy dances.” ⑥While it may seem like splitting hairs to re-classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another, Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures. Right now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk, but this classification is based, in part, on how widely distributed a species is. “It’s important, because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern, and so that means it’s much more vulnerable,” says Fry. ⑦Working with giant snakes isn’t easy. The fact that anacondas are massive, powerful predators is just one reason the animals haven’t been more closely studied. However, more work of this kind may be needed to understand how the northern and southern green anacondas started separate evolutionary tracks. After all, the two species appear to coexist in French Guiana, even as close as being found on opposite riverbanks, says Fry. And yet, there’s no evidence of interbreeding in their genetics. 37. W'hy did the author mention “we’re about two percent different from chimps” in paragraph 3? A. To show how genetically different green anacondas are. B. To show how distant we humans are from green anacondas. C. To show how similar green anacondas are in appearance. D. To show how hard it is for experts to tell green anacondas apart. 38. Based on the context, what does the underlined word “delineations” in paragraph 6 mean? A. similarity B. conservation C. classification D. extinction 39. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Experts suggest continuing to refer to the northern green anacondas as Eunectes murinus. B. Experts are sure of how green anacondas started different evolutionary tracks. C. The classification of green anacondas helps arouse awareness of its protection. D. The two species of green anacondas once interbred in their genetics when living close. 40. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Eunectes akayima: splitting hairs B. Eunectes murinus: the world’s heaviest snake C. Northern green anaconda: a newly found species D. Green anacondas: two genetically different species 【答案】37. A 38. C 39. C 40. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家发现绿水蟒实际上是两个基因不同的物种，并强调了该发现的意义。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段““Genetically, the differences are massive,” says Bryan Fry, a National Geographic Explorer, biologist at the University of Queensland in Australia, and coauthor of the new study. “They’re five-and-a-half percent different, genetically. Now, to put that into context, we’re about two percent different from chimps,” he says.”（澳大利亚昆士兰大学的生物学家、国家地理探险家、这项新研究的合著者布莱恩·弗莱说:“从基因上讲，差异是巨大的。”“他们在基因上有5.5%的差异。通过以下类比可以更好地理解：我们和黑猩猩大约有2%的不同，”他说。）再结合第二段“According to a study published today in the open-access journal MDPI Diversity, the animal known as the green anaconda, or Eunectes murinus, is actually two genetically distinct species, despite each species looking so similar that even experts can’t tell them apart.”（根据今天发表在开放获取期刊MDPI多样性上的一项研究，这种被称为绿水蟒或Eunectes murinus的动物实际上是两个基因不同的物种，尽管每个物种看起来都很相似，甚至专家也无法区分它们。）可知，绿水蟒的两个物种之间的基因差异达到了5.5%，对于我们来说，可能并不清楚这个数据意味着什么，故作者以人类和黑猩猩的基因差异只有2%进行对比，是为了说明绿水蟒的基因差异是相当大的。故选A项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段“While it may seem like splitting hairs to re-classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another, Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures.”（虽然重新分类两种看起来一模一样的蛇似乎有点吹毛求疵，但弗莱强调，这种delineations对于理解这些生物面临的威胁是多么重要。）并结合第四段最后一句“And based on those findings, they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), while E. murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas.”（基于这些发现，他们建议将在北方发现的蛇重新命名为北方绿水蟒，而E. murinus将继续称为南方绿水蟒。）可知，此处such delineations指的就是“re-classify two populations of snakes”，即把绿水蟒分成两个基因不同的物种，故delineations应表示“分类”，与classification同义。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“While it may seem like splitting hairs to re-classify two populations of snakes that look identical to one another, Fry emphasizes how important such delineations can be for understanding the threats posed to these creatures. Right now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifies the green anaconda as a species of least concern when it comes to extinction risk, but this classification is based, in part, on how widely distributed a species is. “It’s important, because the newly described northern green anaconda has a much smaller range than the southern, and so that means it’s much more vulnerable,” says Fry.”（虽然重新分类两种看起来一模一样的蛇似乎有点吹毛求疵，但弗莱强调，这种划分对于理解这些生物面临的威胁是多么重要。目前，国际自然保护联盟将绿水蟒列为灭绝风险最小的物种，但这种分类部分是基于物种的分布范围。弗莱说:“这很重要，因为新发现的北方绿水蟒的活动范围比南方绿水蟒小得多，这意味着它更容易受到攻击。”）可知，绿水蟒的重新分类有助于我们更好地理解它们面临的威胁，也有助于国际自然保护联盟根据北方绿水蟒的现实情况调整它们的灭绝风险等级，从而更好地保护它们。故绿水蟒的分类有助于唤起人们对其保护的意识。故选C项。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to a study published today in the open-access journal MDPI Diversity, the animal known as the green anaconda, or Eunectes murinus, is actually two genetically distinct species, despite each species looking so similar that even experts can’t tell them apart.”（根据今天发表在开放获取期刊MDPI多样性上的一项研究，这种被称为绿水蟒或Eunectes murinus的动物实际上是两个基因不同的物种，尽管每个物种看起来都很相似，甚至专家也无法区分它们。）再结合第四段最后一句“And based on those findings, they propose renaming the snakes found in the north as the northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), while E. murinus will continue to refer to southern green anacondas.”（基于这些发现，他们建议将在北方发现的蛇重新命名为北方绿水蟒，而E. murinus将继续称为南方绿水蟒。）并根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发现绿水蟒实际上是两个基因不同的物种，并对其进行分类及该分类的重要意义。D项“绿水蟒：两个基因不同的物种”可概括本文主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。 IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 41. 比赛快结束时，乔丹(Jordan)投出了球，得分了! (as) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the game was coming to an end, Jordan shot the ball and scored! 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态。“比赛快结束时”作时间状语，用指定连词as(在……时候)引导该从句，主语“比赛”the game，谓语“结束”用动词短语come to an end，描述过去计划、安排好将要发生的事情，用过去将来时态was coming to an end；“乔丹(Jordan)投出了球，得分了!”是主句，主语“乔丹”Jordan，谓语“投”用动词shoot，描述过去的动作用一般过去时态，动词过去式为shot，宾语“球”the ball，并列谓语“得分”用动词score，用过去式scored。综上，全句译为：As the game was coming to an end, Jordan shot the ball and scored! 42. 品尝当地菜肴让孩子们亲身感受其背后隐藏的文化。(person) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tasting local dishes enables children to experience the culture hidden behind it in person. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“品尝当地菜肴”应用动名词短语tasting local dishes，作主语；表示“使……能够”应用enable sb. to do sth.；表示“感受其背后隐藏的文化”翻译为 experience the culture hidden behind it，hidden为过去分词作后置定语；表示“亲身”短语为介词短语in person。全句为一般现在时，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，故翻译为Tasting local dishes enables children to experience the culture hidden behind it in person. 43. 志愿者们正努力从非法捕猎中救出海豚，并将它们安全地送回大海。(release) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Volunteers are working to release dolphins from illegal hunting and return them safely to the sea. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。“志愿者们”用名词复数volunteers作主语，“正努力做某事”表示为be working to do sth，用现在进行时表示，“从……救出海豚”即“从……放走海豚”表示为release dolphins from...，“非法捕猎”表示为illegal hunting作介词from的宾语，“将它们送回大海”表示为return them to the sea，“安全地”用副词safely作状语，修饰动词return，该部分与“从非法捕猎中救出海豚”构成并列关系，用and连接。故翻译为Volunteers are working to release dolphins from illegal hunting and return them safely to the sea. 44. 这位演讲者分享了一个案例：村民们灵活地利用手头的资源改变了整个村庄。 (transform)（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The speaker shared a case where villagers transformed an whole village flexibly using the resources they had at their disposal. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词，动词和从句。“这位演讲者”用名词the speaker作主语，“分享”用动词share作谓语，描述过去的动作应用一般过去时，“一个案例”用名词a case作宾语，后面跟where引导的定语从句，“村民们”用名词the villagers作主语，“利用”用动词use表示， 用现在分词形式作状语，“灵活地”用副词flexibly作状语，“手头的资源”用the resources they had at their disposal作动词use的宾语，“改变”用动词transform表示，描述过去发生的事，用过去时，“整个村庄”用名词the whole village作宾语。故译为The speaker shared a case where villagers transformed an whole village flexibly using the resources they had at their disposal. V.Guided Writing 45. Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高一学生李明，在你校英语报读到如下征文启事：从小学至今，每个 人都制定过许多计划，有过许多新学期愿景，其中有些中途放弃了，有些坚持到底了。请你就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文，内容需包括： ● 简单描述你曾经中途放弃或坚持到底的某个计划； ● 阐述你中途放弃或坚持到底的原因以及对你的启示。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Dilemma of Persistence and Surrender As a freshman at Mingqi High School, I have encountered many forks in the road of my life. Among the numerous plans and aspirations I’ve set for myself, one stands out — my decision to learn the piano. Initially, the thought of mastering this elegant instrument filled me with enthusiasm, but soon, the rigorous practice and complex theory took their toll. I surrendered, overwhelmed by the challenge. Looking back, I realize that my surrender was a result of my lack of resilience. I failed to persevere when faced with difficulties. This experience taught me a valuable lesson: giving up too easily can lead to missed opportunities and unfulfilled dreams. Now, I strive to be more determined, understanding that true growth lies in overcoming obstacles, not avoiding them. Persistence, not surrender, is the key to success. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“坚持还是放弃”这个话题写一篇征文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 遇到：encounter→run into 意识到：realize→be aware of 努力：strive to→struggle to 障碍：obstacle→barrier 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Initially, the thought of mastering this elegant instrument filled me with enthusiasm, but soon, the rigorous practice and complex theory took their toll. 拓展句：Initially, although the thought of mastering this elegant instrument filled me with enthusiasm, soon, the rigorous practice and complex theory took their toll. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Looking back, I realize that my surrender was a result of my lack of resilience. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I failed to persevere when faced with difficulties.(运用了状语从句的省略) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$