精品解析：上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试卷

2023学年第二学期期末 高二年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷 （本试卷满分 140分，考试时间120分钟） Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Blueberry. B．Apple pie. C．Chocolate cake. D．Strawberry. 2．A．The movie will not be shown. B．They want to see the movie. C．All the tickets were sold out. D．The movie is highly rated. 3．A．To the school. B．To his home. C．To the supermarket. D．To the place the woman stays. 4．A．Boring. B．Entertaining. C．Touching. D．Encouraging. 5．A．Teacher and student. B．Husband and wife. C．Boss and secretary. D．Mother and son. 6．A．In a restaurant. B．In a hotel. C．In a museum. D．In a theater. 7．A.7:30. B．7:45. C．7:15. D．7:00. 8．A．She didn’t catch the bus. B．She happened to meet a friend. C．She was prevented from catching the bus. D．Her car broke down. 9．A．Rick is the man’s cousin. B．The man has graduated from a technical school. C．It’s hard to land a suitable job. D．Rick got a decent job. 10．A．Drive on through the night. B．Check out of the hotel. C．Cancel their motel reservation. D．Stop driving for the rest of the day. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．By bus. B．By train. C．By car. D．By ship. 12．A．Because they saw the first kangaroo. B．Because they saw an Australian tailed eagle. C．Because they’d never been here before. D．Because they saw a few wild horses. 13．A．Wild horses. B．Kangaroos. C．Large birds. D．Some spiders. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Internet use is increasing fast in rural and urban areas. B．More and more rural residents have Internet access. C．People have a limited choice of Internet providers. D．City residents use their own Internet frequently. 15．A．Over 2million. B．Around 6 million. C.23 million. D.17 million. 16．A．More girls have their own websites than boys. B．One in four kids have Internet access from home. C．Most kids think that they get less time online at school than that at home. D．Most kids think Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．His health is getting worse. B．He can no longer work at sea. C．His past life upsets him a good deal. D．He hasn’t got any retirement pay. 18．A．She passed away years ago. B．She used to work as a model. C．She has been working at a clinic. D．She has been seriously ill for years. 19．A．She has made lots of money as a doctor. B．She is going to take care of her old dad. C．She has never got on with her father. D．She is kind and generous by nature. 20．A．He dines out with his wife every weekend. B．He is excellent but looks bad-tempered. C．He does not care about his appearance. D．He is not quite popular with his patients. Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known American author E. B. White and ____1____（illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship ____2____ shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte. While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs ____3____（kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him ____4____ his date with the butcher’s knife. The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, ____5____ while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal. Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, ____6____（have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, ____7____（ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for ____8____ we’ve lost, but as blessings to build on what we’ve learned. “Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B. White had on his farm in Maine, ____9____ he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book _____10_____ never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．apply B．broadly C．complicated D．downside E．hardly F．neighbors G．overburdened H．pills I．re-labeling J．turning K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the ____11____. Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their ____12____. One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also ____13____ off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more ____14____ than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are ____15____ to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is ____16____ a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a ____17____ to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly ____18____ common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to ____19____ it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a ____20____ interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Methane (甲烷) is a greenhouse gas. Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide, and is ____21____ for nearly 45%of warming today. Because methane is the main ____22____ of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry. Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance for ____23____ progress against climate change. As COP28, the UN’s climate summit, gets ____24____ in Dubai, it is greatly encouraging, therefore, that the chances of such a deal on methane are good. Negotiators must ____25____ at a rare opportunity to strike one. The reason a deal looks possible is that the politics are promising in all the biggest markets. China has recently announced that it will start including methane in its national climate plans. America will soon finalize regulations to ____26____ methane emissions from its huge oil and gas sector, including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage. And the European Union has also agreed on tough methane standards, covering both domestic sources and ____27____ fossil fuels. ____28____ are helping, too. A range of new technologies for monitoring methane will help ____29____ large sources of emissions from the energy industry. Because oil and gas firms can often sell methane (rather than wastefully burning or releasing it), many investment s to avoid _____30_____ will pay for themselves. Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells’ distance from consumers. Whatever the reason, they suffer no _____31_____ for adding needlessly to global warming. Since green-washing, the process of conveying a false impression about how some products or measures are environmentally sound, is quite common, if a global methane deal is to be more than that, _____32_____, it will need rigour (缜密). Methane-control seemed to _____33_____ at the UN climate summit in Glasgow two years ago, when negotiators _____34_____ came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was voluntary, and had no enforcement mechanisms (机制); emissions have since _____35_____. An agreement this time round must link promises to national climate plans and, crucially, to domestic enforcement mechanisms. 21. A. powerful B. noticeable C. responsible D. possible 22. A. cause B. ingredient C. agent D. consequence 23. A. quick B. economic C. original D. national 24. A. under way B. in the making C. on board D. to the point 25 A. stare B. point C. come D. leap 26. A. increase B. stabilize C. reduce D. balance 27. A. imported B. localized C. exported D. globalized 28. A. Revolutions B. Evolutions C. Resolutions D. Innovations 29. A. create B. activate C. decrease D. spot 30. A. disasters B. delays C. emissions D. examinations 31. A. loss B. punishment C. abuse D. defeat 32. A. however B. therefore C. further D. once 33. A. pay off B. make out C. run out D. take off 34. A. noisily B. admittedly C. reluctantly D. accidentally 35. A. declined B. disappeared C. swung D. risen Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged (锯齿状的) coastline of Maine keeps watching over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long. For years Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. 36. The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of ______. A. the drowning of the Maine coastline B. glacier’s forcing mountains into the sea C. the irregularity of the Maine coastline D. ocean water’s flooding the mountain range 37. What does the underlined word “charge” mean in paragraph 2? A. To ask an amount of money. B. To accuse someone publicly of doing something wrong. C. To rush in a particular direction. D. To pass electricity through something. 38. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of paragraph 4 of the selection? A. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves. B. Acadia National Park is one of the best national parks. C. On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the residents and tourists. D. Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life. 39. From the passage, we learn that ________. A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice Age B. there are more than 2,500 islands along the Maine coastline C. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch D. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island （B） To the Editors: I am surprised to read that Dr. Strojnik (“Direct Detection of Exoplanets,” September-October2023) states that we have not yet and cannot directly image exoplanets (外部行星). This is incorrect. NASA/IPAC has a list at exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html. One example is an image of 51 Eridani b. The planet is 2.6 times as massive as Jupiter and has the same radius (半径). Gerard Kriss Space Telescope Science Institute Dr. Gerard: I am pleased that my article brought a response. The phrase “planet detection” arouses in people’s imaginations beautiful images of planets that are creative artistic representations of novel worlds. But a blur of brightness is not an image. Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b “direct images” because the planet’s light has been separated from that of its star. “Directly imaged” is the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet’s light separated from the light of its star) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet). From an optical researcher’s perspective, a single bright spot simply is not an image. Indeed, even the word “direct” in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher’s point of view. The detection of the light of the exoplanet requires significant processing, adding multiple images and removing starlight based on theoretical models of the source signal. But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of exoplanets. A trajectory (轨迹), or a series of bright points, is not an image of a planet, although it very likely represents something that nowadays is described as an exoplanet. Marija Strojnik 40. ________ is the main disagreement between Marija Strojnik and Gerard Kriss. A. The definition of a planet B. The importance of detecting exoplanets C. The artistic representation of exoplanets D. The use of the term “direct imaging” 41. How does Dr. Strojnik feel about the interpretation of a bright spot as an exoplanet? A. She supports it, as it is a common practice in exoplanet astronomy. B. She approves of it, although it does not provide a clear picture of the exoplanet. C. She believes it is only possible through visual observation and positive assumption. D. She considers the interpretation to be debatable, as it requires significant processing. 42. Where can you find these two letters? A. In the textbook. B. In a local newspaper. C. In a published essay. D. In a science journal. （C） The ancient Egyptians thought so little of the brain that when a king died, they removed the brain from his body and threw it away. The Egyptians assumed, like many people before and after them, that consciousness — your mind and your thoughts existed in the heart. Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5-kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago? This isn’t a new question. Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior, and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates. Have you ever stopped and thought, “What’s wrong with me today? I just don’t feel like myself”? Perhaps you were more tired or worried than usual — but somehow, you knew that something was different about you. This self-awareness - the ability to think about yourself and how you’re feeling-is an important part of being human. This part of of your mind has its origins in the prefrontal cortex — a region of your brain just behind your forehead that extends to about your ears. Before this area began to function (around age two), you didn’t understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity. As this part of your brain developed, you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings. Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don’t all have the same emotional response to every situation. In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories. The smell of freshly cut grass, for example, will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable childhood summers in the countryside, but not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm. Once an emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it. “Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain,” says psychologist Paul Ekman. But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment. For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we understand our mind’s many complexities. 43. What is the passage mainly about? A. How we create and control emotions. B. How the mind works. C. How human beings are distinct. D. How emotions are processed. 44 Why does the author mention the ancient Egyptians’ practice in the very beginning? A. To illustrate the importance of the heart in ancient Egyptian culture. B. To introduce the core theme of the mind-body connection and evolution. C. To provide an example of how the brain has been misunderstood throughout history. D. To contrast the ancient Egyptians’ views on the brain with the modern one. 45. Which of the following statement is NOT true? A. Self-awareness develops before the age of two. B. The prefrontal cortex affects a person’s emotions. C. The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain. D. Self-awareness strengthens with the development of the brain. 46. What does the passage suggest about the flexibility of emotions? A. Emotions are universal and do not change over time or with individual experiences. B. Emotions are generally learned and stored in our memories, making them quite flexible. C. Emotions are influenced by our personal experiences and can vary from person to person. D. Emotions are the least flexible part of the mind, and they cannot be controlled. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”. ____47____ Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist called it “philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)”. ____48____ The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not getting to worthy causes fast enough. Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业). Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a year with few conditions. This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions. ____49____ One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. ____50____ An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too. Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization’s annual reports and interviewing its leaders and other funders. A. It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door. B. In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention. C. However, this idea that charities’ money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence. D. Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff. E. Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving. F. Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste. Ⅳ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is changing. Compared to extended families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents. The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents. It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life . Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers, which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents. However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children, which adds a financial burden to them. Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work overtime. Communities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 52. 校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 与这位家喻户晓建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。（call on）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括： ● 读报的经历； ● 喜爱的栏目； ● 期望和祝福。 （文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2023学年第二学期期末 高二年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷 （本试卷满分 140分，考试时间120分钟） Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1．A．Blueberry. B．Apple pie. C．Chocolate cake. D．Strawberry. 2．A．The movie will not be shown. B．They want to see the movie. C．All the tickets were sold out. D．The movie is highly rated. 3．A．To the school. B．To his home. C．To the supermarket. D．To the place the woman stays. 4．A．Boring. B．Entertaining. C．Touching. D．Encouraging. 5．A．Teacher and student. B．Husband and wife. C．Boss and secretary. D．Mother and son. 6．A．In a restaurant. B．In a hotel. C．In a museum. D．In a theater. 7．A.7:30. B．7:45. C．7:15. D．7:00. 8．A．She didn’t catch the bus. B．She happened to meet a friend. C．She was prevented from catching the bus. D．Her car broke down. 9．A．Rick is the man’s cousin. B．The man has graduated from a technical school. C．It’s hard to land a suitable job. D．Rick got a decent job. 10．A．Drive on through the night. B．Check out of the hotel. C．Cancel their motel reservation. D．Stop driving for the rest of the day. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11．A．By bus. B．By train. C．By car. D．By ship. 12．A．Because they saw the first kangaroo. B．Because they saw an Australian tailed eagle. C．Because they’d never been here before. D．Because they saw a few wild horses. 13．A．Wild horses. B．Kangaroos. C．Large birds. D．Some spiders. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14．A．Internet use is increasing fast in rural and urban areas B．More and more rural residents have Internet access. C．People have a limited choice of Internet providers. D．City residents use their own Internet frequently. 15．A．Over 2million. B．Around 6 million. C.23 million. D.17 million. 16．A．More girls have their own websites than boys. B．One in four kids have Internet access from home. C．Most kids think that they get less time online at school than that at home. D．Most kids think Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17．A．His health is getting worse. B．He can no longer work at sea. C．His past life upsets him a good deal. D．He hasn’t got any retirement pay. 18．A．She passed away years ago. B．She used to work as a model. C．She has been working at a clinic. D．She has been seriously ill for years. 19．A．She has made lots of money as a doctor. B．She is going to take care of her old dad. C．She has never got on with her father. D．She is kind and generous by nature. 20．A．He dines out with his wife every weekend. B．He is excellent but looks bad-tempered. C．He does not care about his appearance. D．He is not quite popular with his patients. Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known American author E. B. White and ____1____（illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship ____2____ shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte. While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs ____3____（kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him ____4____ his date with the butcher’s knife. The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, ____5____ while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal. Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, ____6____（have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, ____7____（ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for ____8____ we’ve lost, but as blessings to build on what we’ve learned. “Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B. White had on his farm in Maine, ____9____ he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book _____10_____ never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”. 【答案】1. illustrated 2 he 3. to be killed 4. from 5. because 6. have 7. ensuring 8. what 9. where 10. can 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰book，book和illustrate为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填illustrated。 【2题详解】 考查代词。句意：故事围绕着一只名叫威尔伯的猪，以及他与一只名叫夏洛特的非凡天才蜘蛛之间不太可能但却深厚的友谊展开。根据下文“keep Wilbur from his fate”提到his fate可知，此处应为代词he指代上文提到的Wilbur。故填he。 【3题详解】 考查动词不定式的被动结构。句意：在农场里，当猪长到一定的尺寸和年龄时，被杀死是很正常的，聪明的夏洛特想出了一个计划，通过在她的网里织词来创造一个相当于一只猪的宣传活动，让威尔伯免受他的命运。此处为固定句型it is+adj +for sb to do sth“做某事对于……是怎样的”，所以此处为动词不定式形式，结合pigs和kill为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动结构。故填to be killed。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：通过把威尔伯提升到名人的地位，夏洛特最终把他从屠刀的约会中救了出来。此处为固定短语save sb from…“从……解救出来”，所以此处为介词from的填入。故填from。 【5题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而，《夏洛的网》的结局苦乐参半，因为威尔伯活了下来，夏洛却没有。根据句意可知，此处为because“因为”引导的原因状语从句，强调直接原因，满足句意要求，故填because。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：所有的生物都出生，有生命周期，然后死亡。由and连接的are born和die可知，此处也应为动词原形，保持并列谓语成分。故填have。 【7题详解】 考查动名词。句意：夏洛帮助威尔伯认识到，永生并不是永远活着，而是确保新一代的到来。由but rather连接的living为动名词可知，此处也应为动名词形式，作介词about的宾语成分。故填ensuring。 【8题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：虽然我们可能会失去一个朋友，但新的友谊可能会出现，不是取代我们失去的，而是在我们所学到的基础上的祝福。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“失去的东西”。故填what。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：《夏洛特的网》的灵感来自作者E. B.怀特在缅因州农场的真实经历，他在那里写了这本书，直到1985年去世。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词farm在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：虽然作者声称这本书永远不能被认为是一个道德故事，但与道德原则或对与错有关的某些信息显然在《夏洛特的网》中得到了确立。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can，和空后的never be构成can never be“不可能做到”，满足句意要求。故填can。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．apply B．broadly C．complicated D．downside E．hardly F．neighbors G．overburdened H．pills I．re-labeling J．turning K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the ____11____. Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their ____12____. One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also ____13____ off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more ____14____ than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are ____15____ to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is ____16____ a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a ____17____ to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly ____18____ common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to ____19____ it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a ____20____ interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. 【答案】11. H 12. F 13. K 14. G 15. J 16. B 17. D 18. I 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据“In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants; now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the”以及句意“药物”可知应填复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据“One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health.(一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素)”以及句意“邻居”可知应填复数名词neighbors，故选F。 【13题详解】 考查比较级。句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据“off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression”以及句意“更加贫穷”可知短语为worse off，故选K。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据“In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment.(仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗)”以及句意“负担过重”可知应填形容词overburdened，作表语。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据“to medication”以及句意“求助于”可知短语为turn to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：总的来说，这是一件好事。根据“A reduction in humiliation has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants — or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable.(羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了)”以及句意“总的来说”可知应填副词broadly，故选B。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据“Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly re-labeling common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses.(调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病)”以及句意“不利之处”可知应填名词downside，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据“common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses”以及句意“重新定义为”可知应填动词re-label，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选I。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：“如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，”阿德里安·梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据“it to 30%, 50% of the population”以及句意“应用”可知应填apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据“interplay of genetic and environmental factors”以及句意“复杂”可知应填形容词complicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。 Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Methane (甲烷) is a greenhouse gas. Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide, and is ____21____ for nearly 45%of warming today. Because methane is the main ____22____ of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry. Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance for ____23____ progress against climate change. As COP28, the UN’s climate summit, gets ____24____ in Dubai, it is greatly encouraging, therefore, that the chances of such a deal on methane are good. Negotiators must ____25____ at a rare opportunity to strike one. The reason a deal looks possible is that the politics are promising in all the biggest markets. China has recently announced that it will start including methane in its national climate plans. America will soon finalize regulations to ____26____ methane emissions from its huge oil and gas sector, including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage. And the European Union has also agreed on tough methane standards, covering both domestic sources and ____27____ fossil fuels. ____28____ are helping, too. A range of new technologies for monitoring methane will help ____29____ large sources of emissions from the energy industry. Because oil and gas firms can often sell methane (rather than wastefully burning or releasing it), many investment s to avoid _____30_____ will pay for themselves. Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells’ distance from consumers. Whatever the reason, they suffer no _____31_____ for adding needlessly to global warming. Since green-washing, the process of conveying a false impression about how some products or measures are environmentally sound, is quite common, if a global methane deal is to be more than that, _____32_____, it will need rigour (缜密). Methane-control seemed to _____33_____ at the UN climate summit in Glasgow two years ago, when negotiators _____34_____ came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was voluntary, and had no enforcement mechanisms (机制); emissions have since _____35_____. An agreement this time round must link promises to national climate plans and, crucially, to domestic enforcement mechanisms. 21. A. powerful B. noticeable C. responsible D. possible 22. A. cause B. ingredient C. agent D. consequence 23. A. quick B. economic C. original D. national 24. A. under way B. in the making C. on board D. to the point 25. A. stare B. point C. come D. leap 26. A. increase B. stabilize C. reduce D. balance 27. A. imported B. localized C. exported D. globalized 28. A. Revolutions B. Evolutions C. Resolutions D. Innovations 29. A. create B. activate C. decrease D. spot 30. A. disasters B. delays C. emissions D. examinations 31. A. loss B. punishment C. abuse D. defeat 32. A. however B. therefore C. further D. once 33. A. pay off B. make out C. run out D. take off 34. A. noisily B. admittedly C. reluctantly D. accidentally 35. A. declined B. disappeared C. swung D. risen 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了世界必须采取措施来控制甲烷。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在20年的时间里，它的加热能力是二氧化碳的80倍以上，并且对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。A. powerful有力量的；B. noticeable显而易见的；C. responsible负责任的；D. possible可能的。根据上文“Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide”可知，甲烷对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为天然气的主要组成部分，能源行业是人为甲烷排放的主要来源。 A. cause原因；B. ingredient成分；C. agent代理人；D. consequence结果。根据空后“of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry”及常识可知，天然气的主要组成是甲烷。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，甲烷的寿命较短，因此控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。A. quick快速的；B. economic经济的；C. original原始的；D. national国家的。根据上文“Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance”可知，控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：随着联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开，有关甲烷的协议达成的可能性很大，这是一个令人鼓舞的迹象。 A. under way进行中；B. in the making正在形成中；C. on board在船上；D. to the point切题。根据上文“As COP28, the UN’s climate summit”可知，联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈判者必须把握这一难得的机会。 A. stare盯着；B. point指向；C. come来；D. leap赶紧抓住（机会）。根据上文“the chances of such a deal on methane are good”可知，机会难得，要抓住。固定搭配leap at“迅速抓住（机会、机遇等）”。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定，包括对泄漏的管道和储存设施的控制措施。A. increase增加；B. stabilize稳固；C. reduce减少；D. balance平衡。根据下文“including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage”可知，美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，欧盟也制定了严格的甲烷标准，覆盖国内和进口化石燃料。 A. imported进口的；B. localized局部的；C. exported出口的；D. globalized使全球化的。根据上文“domestic sources”可知，与国内相对应的是进口燃料。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：创新技术的应用也在起到作用。 A. Revolutions革命；B. Evolutions进化；C. Resolutions决议；D. Innovations创新。根据下文“A range of new technologies”可知，创新技术也起了作用。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一系列监测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。A. create创造；B. activate激活；C. decrease减少；D. spot发现。根据上文“monitoring methane”可知，测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于石油和天然气公司可以销售甲烷（而非浪费性地燃烧或排放），许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。A. disasters灾难；B. delays拖延；C. emissions排放；D. examinations考试。根据上文“releasing it”可知，许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管原因如何，他们对无谓加剧全球变暖的行为并未受到惩罚。A. loss丢失；B. punishment惩罚；C. abuse虐待，凌辱；D. defeat打败。根据上文“Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells’ distance from consumers.”可知，他们没有受到惩罚。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，要确保全球甲烷协议不仅仅是表面的环保措施，它必须具备严谨性。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. further进一步；D. once曾经。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。 A. pay off回报；B. make out弄清楚；C. run out耗尽；D. take off起飞，脱下。根据下文“when negotiators ____14____ came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030.”可知，甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。A. noisily吵闹地；B. admittedly不可否认地；C. reluctantly勉强地；D. accidentally 意外地。联合国气候峰会来自不同的国家，国情完全不同，所以达成一致较为困难，无所以是吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，该协议是自愿的，没有执行机制；自那以后排放量增加了。A. declined拒绝；B. disappeared 消失；C. swung摆动；D. risen上涨。根据上文“had no enforcement mechanisms (机制)”可知，缺乏执行机制导致放量反而有所上升。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged (锯齿状的) coastline of Maine keeps watching over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long. For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. 36. The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of ______. A. the drowning of the Maine coastline B. glacier’s forcing mountains into the sea C. the irregularity of the Maine coastline D. ocean water’s flooding the mountain range 37. What does the underlined word “charge” mean in paragraph 2? A. To ask an amount of money. B. To accuse someone publicly of doing something wrong. C. To rush in a particular direction. D. To pass electricity through something. 38. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of paragraph 4 of the selection? A. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves. B. Acadia National Park is one of the best national parks. C. On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the residents and tourists. D. Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life. 39. From the passage, we learn that ________. A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice Age B. there are more than 2,500 islands along the Maine coastline C. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch D. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章先介绍美国缅因州海岸线的地质特点和形成原因，接着着重描述了其中一个最大的岛屿——Mt. Desert岛。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.( 这种不规则性是被称为溺水海岸的结果。那时，现在是缅因州的整个地区是一座高耸在海面之上的山脉的一部分。然而，随着冰川消退，它对那些山脉施加了巨大的力量，它们沉入了海中)”和第二段“And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands.(而最靠近海岸的原山脉的最高部分则保留为岛屿)”可知，缅因州海岸线的不规则性是通过“淹没的海岸线”形成的，这是冰川活动造成的结果。冰川退却时，山脉的部分沉入海底，留下高耸的部分成为岛屿。因此，许多小岛的形成是由于冰川消退时施加的巨大压力。故选B。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land.(随着山脉的沉没，海洋水charged了剩余陆地的最低部分)”可知，随着山脉的沉没，海洋水涌入淹没了剩余陆地的最低部分，因此划线词词义为：淹没、（水）冲向某个特定的地方，故选C。 【38题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，特别是“But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones.(但岛上最好的部分是被称为阿卡迪亚国家公园的未受破坏的森林土地。由于该岛位于两个不同地理区域的交界处，公园支持着这两个区域的植物和动物)”可知，本段主要介绍该岛具有极其丰富的动植物多样性。故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.(巴港岛几乎形成了两个明显不同的岛屿。它几乎被索姆斯海峡一分为二，这是一条非常深且非常狭窄的七英里长的水域)”可知，岛屿被一段7英里的水域隔开。故选C。 （B） To the Editors: I am surprised to read that Dr. Strojnik (“Direct Detection of Exoplanets,” September-October2023) states that we have not yet and cannot directly image exoplanets (外部行星). This is incorrect. NASA/IPAC has a list at exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html. One example is an image of 51 Eridani b. The planet is 2.6 times as massive as Jupiter and has the same radius (半径). Gerard Kriss Space Telescope Science Institute Dr. Gerard: I am pleased that my article brought a response. The phrase “planet detection” arouses in people’s imaginations beautiful images of planets that are creative artistic representations of novel worlds. But a blur of brightness is not an image. Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b “direct images” because the planet’s light has been separated from that of its star. “Directly imaged” is the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet’s light separated from the light of its star) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet). From an optical researcher’s perspective, a single bright spot simply is not an image. Indeed, even the word “direct” in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher’s point of view. The detection of the light of the exoplanet requires significant processing, adding multiple images and removing starlight based on theoretical models of the source signal. But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of exoplanets. A trajectory (轨迹), or a series of bright points, is not an image of a planet, although it very likely represents something that nowadays is described as an exoplanet. Marija Strojnik 40. ________ is the main disagreement between Marija Strojnik and Gerard Kriss. A. The definition of a planet B. The importance of detecting exoplanets C. The artistic representation of exoplanets D. The use of the term “direct imaging” 41. How does Dr. Strojnik feel about the interpretation of a bright spot as an exoplanet? A. She supports it, as it is a common practice in exoplanet astronomy. B. She approves of it, although it does not provide a clear picture of the exoplanet. C. She believes it is only possible through visual observation and positive assumption. D. She considers the interpretation to be debatable, as it requires significant processing. 42. Where can you find these two letters? A. In the textbook. B. In a local newspaper. C. In a published essay. D. In a science journal. 【答案】40. D 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲的是Strojnik博士对直接探测系外行星等同于直接成像的观念提出了挑战。虽然她承认将行星的光从恒星中分离出来是一项重大成就，但她认为，仅仅是一个亮点并不能构成系外行星的真实图像。从她作为光学科学家的角度来看，系外行星天文学中的“直接成像”一词可能会产生误导，因为它涉及到广泛的处理和理论建模，以区分行星的光线。Strojnik强调了直接探测和真实成像之间的区别，认为将亮点解释为行星需要主观的解释，而不是清晰的视觉证据。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二方框第二段中“Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b “direct images” because the planet’s light has been separated from that of its star. “Directly imaged” is the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet’s light separated from the light of its sta) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet).”（系外行星研究人员通常将51 Eridani b的视频称为“直接图像”，因为这颗行星的光线已经与它的恒星分开了。“直接成像”是系外行星天文学的标准语言。但对于像我这样的光学科学家来说，直接探测（行星的光与恒星的光分离）和直接成像（）已证实的系外行星的照片）之间有很大的区别。）以及“Indeed, even the word “direct” in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher’s point of view.”（事实上，从光学研究人员的角度来看，甚至直接探测中的“直接”这个词都是有争议的。）可知，“直接成像”一词的使用是Marija Strojnik和Gerard Kriss之间的主要分歧。故选D项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二方框第四段中“But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of exoplanets.”（但是，只有通过肉眼观察和乐观的思考，才能将亮点解释为行星。作为一名光学科学家，我不能只看一个点就把它称为系外行星的图像。）可知，对于将一个亮点解释为系外行星，Strojnik博士认为只有通过视觉观察和积极的假设才有可能。故选C项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，文章主要讲的是Strojnik博士对直接探测系外行星等同于直接成像的观念提出了挑战。虽然她承认将行星的光从恒星中分离出来是一项重大成就，但她认为，仅仅是一个亮点并不能构成系外行星的真实图像。从她作为光学科学家的角度来看，系外行星天文学中的“直接成像”一词可能会产生误导，因为它涉及到广泛的处理和理论建模，以区分行星的光线。Strojnik强调了直接探测和真实成像之间的区别，认为将亮点解释为行星需要主观的解释，而不是清晰的视觉证据。可知，这是一篇关于研究天文学类的文章，由此可推知，这两份信可能出现在科学杂志上。故选D项。 （C） The ancient Egyptians thought so little of the brain that when a king died, they removed the brain from his body and threw it away. The Egyptians assumed, like many people before and after them, that consciousness — your mind and your thoughts existed in the heart. Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5-kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago? This isn’t a new question. Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior, and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates. Have you ever stopped and thought, “What’s wrong with me today? I just don’t feel like myself”? Perhaps you were more tired or worried than usual — but somehow, you knew that something was different about you. This self-awareness - the ability to think about yourself and how you’re feeling-is an important part of being human. This part of of your mind has its origins in the prefrontal cortex — a region of your brain just behind your forehead that extends to about your ears. Before this area began to function (around age two), you didn’t understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity. As this part of your brain developed, you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings. Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don’t all have the same emotional response to every situation. In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories. The smell of freshly cut grass, for example, will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable childhood summers in the countryside, but not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm. Once an emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it. “Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain,” says psychologist Paul Ekman. But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment. For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we understand our mind’s many complexities. 43. What is the passage mainly about? A. How we create and control emotions. B. How the mind works. C. How human beings are distinct. D. How emotions are processed. 44. Why does the author mention the ancient Egyptians’ practice in the very beginning? A. To illustrate the importance of the heart in ancient Egyptian culture. B. To introduce the core theme of the mind-body connection and evolution. C. To provide an example of how the brain has been misunderstood throughout history. D. To contrast the ancient Egyptians’ views on the brain with the modern one. 45. Which of the following statement is NOT true? A. Self-awareness develops before the age of two. B. The prefrontal cortex affects a person’s emotions. C. The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain. D. Self-awareness strengthens with the development of the brain. 46. What does the passage suggest about the flexibility of emotions? A. Emotions are universal and do not change over time or with individual experiences. B. Emotions are generally learned and stored in our memories, making them quite flexible. C. Emotions are influenced by our personal experiences and can vary from person to person. D. Emotions are the least flexible part of the mind, and they cannot be controlled. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大脑如何创造意识、情绪及自我认知等心理活动的现代理解与研究进展。 【43题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第二段中“Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior, and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.(然而，如今，用于可视化思维、情感、行为及记忆源头的强大新技术正在彻底改变我们对大脑及其创造的心智的理解)”和最后一段中“For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works.(几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究大脑，但直到最近几年，我们才真正开始了解它是如何工作的)”可知，文章主要探讨了大脑如何创造意识以及我们如何控制情绪，B选项“心智是如何工作的”最能概括文章主题。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5-kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago?(现在我们已经知道，心智是大脑的产物，但这个重约1.5公斤的物质究竟是如何创造出一个能让你思考自我、体验快乐与愤怒，或是回忆起20分钟乃至20年前事件的心智呢？)”可知，作者在开头提到古埃及人处理大脑的方式是为了展示历史上人们对于大脑的误解，以此引出后文对大脑功能的现代理解，引入关于大脑如何创造意识的讨论。故选C。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Before this area began to function (around age two), you didn’t understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity. As this part of your brain developed, you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings.(在这一区域开始发挥作用之前(大约两岁左右)，你并不理解自己是一个拥有独立身份的个体。随着大脑这一部分的发展，你变得对自己、自己的思想和情感更加有意识)”可知，自我意识是在两岁左右开始发展的，而不是之前，A选项的说法是错误的。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don’t all have the same emotional response to every situation. In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories.(尽管人类可能共有一些情感，并能在他人身上识别它们，但我们并非对每种情境都有相同的情感反应。事实上，大多数情感反应都是习得的，并存储在我们的记忆中)”及“Once an emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it. “Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain,” says psychologist Paul Ekman. . (一旦形成这样的情感联系，就很难逆转。“情感是大脑中最不灵活的部分，”心理学家保罗·埃克曼说)”可知，情绪反应大多源于个人经历并存储于记忆中，且一旦形成很难改变，说明情绪在个体间可能因个人经历而有所不同，且具有相对不灵活性。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away? In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”. ____47____ Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist called it “philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)”. ____48____ The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not getting to worthy causes fast enough. Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业). Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a year with few conditions. This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions. ____49____ One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. ____50____ An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too. Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization’s annual reports and interviewing its leaders and other funders. A. It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door. B. In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention. C. However, this idea that charities’ money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence. D. Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff. E. Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving. F Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste. 【答案】47. F 48. E 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慈善资本主义的弊端，以及新的一代的慈善家是如何进行慈善事业的。 【47题详解】 根据上文“In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”.”（在镀金时代，安德鲁·卡内基(Andrew Carnegie)和约翰·D·洛克菲勒(John D. Rockefeller)等实业家担心浪费和滥用；卡内基在1889年写道，捐赠给慈善机构的每1000美元中，有950美元“花得不明智”。）提到担心浪费和滥用捐赠的钱。以及下文“Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements.”（捐助者进行了漫长的申请程序，提供资金并完成了繁琐的报告要求。）提到提供资金并完成繁琐的报告要求。结合选项F项Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste.（在千禧年前后，捐赠者希望通过数据和规则来阻止浪费。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 【48题详解】 根据下文“The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes.”（根据福布斯的数据，美国最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。）提到最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。结合选项E项Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving.（然而，二十年过去了，很明显，所有这些文书工作都阻碍了捐赠。）可知，和下文内容紧密连接，下文是对空格处内容的具体说明，符合语境。故选E项。 【49题详解】 根据上文“This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions.”（这种“无条件捐赠”正在改变巨额捐赠者长期以来的假设。）提到无条件捐赠这个概念。结合选项A项It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door.（它为那些挣扎着把钱带出家门的人提供了教训。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选A项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves.”（其一是认识到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。）提到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。以及下文“An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients.”（商业慈善事业几十年来的趋势的一个好处是，顾问大军已经出现，帮助捐赠者制定战略，并对潜在的接受者进行尽职调查。）结合选项D项Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff.（超级捐赠者不再需要忍受设立基金会和雇佣员工的麻烦。）可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，同时引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选D项。 Ⅳ．Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is changing. Compared to extended families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents. The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents. It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life . Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers, which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents. However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children, which adds a financial burden to them. Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work overtime. Communities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof. However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children. Solutions such as involving grandparents, community volunteers, and government support are suggested to address these challenges. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说在中国，核心家庭的趋势正在增加，越来越少的几代人住在一个屋檐下。然而，这一趋势也带来了儿童保育方面的挑战，因为父母花在孩子身上的时间越来越少。解决这些挑战的方法包括祖父母、社区志愿者和政府支持。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That’s what we call an extended family. Now it is changing. ②Compared to extended families, nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. ③However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. ④Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 In China, the trend of nuclear family is increasing, because fewer and fewer generations live under one roof. Nevertheless, this trend also brings childcare challenges as parents spend less and less time with their children. Approaches to addressing these challenges include grandparents, community volunteers, and government support. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof.（运用了with的复合结构作状语） [高分句型2]：However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句） Ⅴ．Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets. 52. 校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语和介词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“校餐”应为名词短语School meals；表示“被推销给”应为动词短语be marketed to；表示“孩子们”为名词children；表示“以同样的方式”应为介词短语in the same way；表示“和其他食物一样”应为介词短语as other foods。故翻译为：School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods. 53. 为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、动词、名词短语、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“为了做某事”应为固定短语In order to do；表示“培养”为动词cultivate；表示“学生地道的口音”应为名词短语students' authentic accent；表示“该大学”为名词the university；表示“计划做某事”应为动词短语plan to do；表示“聘请”为动词hire；表示“一些英文老师”应为名词短语a handful of English teachers；结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad. 54. 与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience undoubtedly a highlight of my career thus far. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句子描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语中的“与……一起工作”work with，“这位家喻户晓的建筑师”this universally renowned architect，“与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作”作句子主语，需用动名词短语形式working with this universally renowned architect，作主语置于句首，首字母大写，系动词“是”需用过去式，且动名词短语作主语，应用第三人称单数was，表语“一次难忘的经历”an unforgettable experience，同位语“我职业生涯的一个亮点”a highlight of my career，副词“无疑，必定”undoubtedly作状语，“迄今为止”thus far。故翻译为Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience, undoubtedly a highlight of my career thus far. 55. 主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。（call on）(汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green manufacturing. 【解析】 【详解】考查not only...but also...并列句、动词短语以及名词短语。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。“不仅……还……”可以使用not only but also句型，其中第一个分句中，主语是“主席”，翻译为chairman，谓语是“致力于打造”，翻译为focus on building，“科技强国”是宾语，翻译为a strong country in science and technology；第二个分句中，主语仍然是“主席”，谓语是“号召”，按照题目要求，使用call on sb. to do。“科技创新园区”翻译为the construction of science and technology innovation parks。“并推动……”可以处理成另外一个并列分句，和call on sb. to do进行并列，“绿色制造业”翻译为green manufacturing。故整句翻译为The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green manufacturing. Ⅵ．Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括： ● 读报的经历； ● 喜爱的栏目； ● 期望和祝福。 （文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 English Sidelights and Me I have been an avid reader of English Sidelights since the day my teacher recommended it to me. I remember that the first time I picked up a copy of the paper, I was struck by the quality of the writing and the depth of the coverage. Since then, I have made it a habit to read it every day. One of my favorite sections is the Opinion. I appreciate the diverse range of views and perspectives presented in this section. The editorials are well-researched and thought-provoking, and the guest commentaries offer fresh insights into a variety of issues. I expect the paper to stay true to its core values and to continue to provide readers with high-quality reporting and analysis. On this special occasion of the 10th anniversary of English Sidelights, I hope the paper will thrive and grow in the years ahead. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校英文报《英语拾零》正庆祝创刊十周年，要求考生按照要求写一篇文章投稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 热衷的：avid→ keen 呈现：present→ show 提供：offer→ provide 各种各样的：a variety of→ various 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I appreciate the diverse range of views and perspectives presented in this section. 拓展句：I appreciate the diverse range of views and perspectives that are presented in this section. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I remember that the first time I picked up a copy of the paper, I was struck by the quality of the writing and the depth of the coverage.（运用了that引导的宾语从句、the first time引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】On this special occasion of the 10th anniversary of English Sidelights, I hope the paper will thrive and grow in the years ahead.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $