职教高考英语专题复习（十）——动词的被动语态

职教高考专题复习（十）——动词的被动语态 知识链接 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 (一)被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词 be有人称、数和时态的变化。下面以 do为例介绍考试说明中要求掌握的三种时态的被动语态以及含有情态动词的句子的被动语态的构成形式。 常用类型 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done Japanese is not taught in that school. 一般过去时 was/were+done The window was broken byJim. 一般将来时 will/shall+be+done The school sports meeting will be held next week. 有情态动词 can/may/must/need+be+done This thing must be done as soon as possible. (二)被动语态的用法 1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者。如： A new hospital will be built in our town. 我们镇上将建一所新医院。 These books are written for children. 这些书是为孩子们写的。 2.强调动作的承受者。如： The girl was seen to come this morning. 有人看见那个女孩今天上午来过。 You are expected to be there on time. 希望你准时到那里。 3.强调动作的执行者时常用介词by。如： These songs are often sung by children. 这些歌经常被孩子们唱。 4.有些动词是无被动的,如 happen,takeplace, be worth doing,感官动词 feel,taste, sound等。 5.有些使役动词和感官动词在主动语态结构中后跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态结构中，该不定式前必须加上to。这一类的动词有 make, see, hear, see, watch,notice, listen to, help 等。如: We heard him say good-bye to his friends.我们听见他向朋友们道别。 He was heard to say good-bye to hisfriends.有人听到他向朋友们道别。 6. need 表示“需要”时,后接-ing 表被动。即 need doing=need to be done。如: This shirt needs washing. = This shirt needs to be washed.这件衬衣该洗了。 7. make/have/let/get oneself+过去分词表示“使某人被………, 让某人能………”, 此处的过去分词常见的有 understood、heard。 如: She spoke slowly to make herself under-stood.她说得慢一些以便其他人能理解。 I had my car washed yesterday. 我昨天洗了车。 8. 当 say, believe, think, report,expect, know等词后接宾语从句时, 通常情况下用“it”作形式主语，原来的宾语从句作为主语从句放在谓语动词之后，意为“据……”, 常见的有 It is said that…据说………, It is reportedthat...据报道………,It is suggested that…有人建议……等。如: It is said that the popular movie starusedto live in our neighborhood.据说那位受欢迎的电影明星以前曾经住在我们附近。 It is reported that he is a scholar fromNewZealand. 据报道他是一位来自新西兰的学者。 It is suggested that we hold a speech con-test.有人建议我们举行一次演讲比赛。 【专项训练】 1.(2022·春考真题) These books should to the library on time. A. return B. returned C. be returned D. have returned 2.(2021·春考真题)—Sir, the windows white. —Well done. You did a good job. A. have painted B. has painted C. has been painted D. have been painted 3. These cakes with chocolate. Have one, please. A. fill B. is filled C. are filled D. were filled 4. As far as we know, the 2024 Winter Olympics in Paris. A. hold B. are held C. will hold D. will be held 5. The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in China last year. It was really a great success! A. hold B. will hold C. were held D. will be held 6.—Can you go to the movies with me to-night? —I have to ask my mum. If I , Iwill go with you. A. allow B. allowed C. am allowed D. was allowed 7.—Do you know the fire that happened in the shopping center yesterday? —Yes. I heard that more than 20 people were and 3 of them were in this fire. A. hurt;killed B. hurting;killed C. hurting;killing D. hurt;killing 8.— the theme park in Shanghai two years ago? —Yes, it's about Chinese traditional culture. A. Does;build B. Did;build C. Is;built D. Was;built 9. Unluckily, Notre Dame de Paris(巴黎圣母院) in April2019. We felt so sad for that. A. was burnt B. is burnt C. has been burnt D. burnt 10. The sweater can't in the machine. A. wash B. washed C. be washed D. be washing 11.——Sir, this is a no-smoking hotel. Smoking here. ——I'm sorry. A. allowed B. is allowed C. isn't allowing D. isn't allowed 12. Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! It should everyday. A. clean B. cleaned C. be cleaned D. not cleaned 13. The little boy was heavy work. A. made to do B. made do C. make to do D. make do 14. Great changes in China since 1978. A. take place B. have taken place C. have been taken place D. are taken place 15.—Mmm, the meat well and good! —Of course! You know my father is a good cook. A. is cooked;is smelled B. cooks;smells C. is cooked;smells D. cooks;is smelled 16. The children to play with fire. A. are told B. are telling C. are told not D. Told 17. With the development of China, Chinese by a large number of people in the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. speak D. is speaking 【定时练】 一、单项选择 1.——Simon, do you know who invented the kite? ———Sure! It by Mozi over 2,000years ago. A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. will be invented 2. Dr Bethune still in both China and Canada today. A. is;remembered B. is;remembering C. will;remember D. has;remembered 3.—Your scarf feels soft. Did you buy it in China? —No,I bought it in France. But it in China. A. is making B. was made C. makes D. made 4. I wonder when Subway in Jinan . When the day comes, I'll spend less time going to school every day. A. is finish B. will be finished C. was finished D. is finishing 5.—A new law carried out next month. It aims to protect workers'safety. —That's great. A. will B. is going to C. will be D. was going to be 6.—Food safety is very important. ———So something to solve the problem. A. must make B. must be made C. must made D. be made 7.—How clean your car is! —Thank you. It very every week. A. is washed B. washes C. was washed D. washed 8. I don't think a 14-year-old boy should go to theInternet bar. A. allows to B. is allowing C. is allowed to D. be allowed to 9. If nothing , the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done 10. The thief come into the house yesterday evening. A. is seen B. was seen C. saw D. was seen to 11. This kind of orange well, and has . A. tastes;sell out B. is tasted;been sold out C. tastes;been sold out D. is tasted;sold out 12.—Look at the sign. Smoking here. —Oh,I am really sorry. A. doesn't allow B. isn't allow C. isn't allowed D. is allowed 13. Tom as well as two of his classmates to the party. A. was invited B. were in C. has invited D. invited 14. The medicine away from the children A. must keep B. mustn't keep C. must be kept D. mustn't be kept 15. The old building in the 1930s and it has become a cinema in recent years. A. build B. is built C. built D. was built 二、短文填空 Body language is 1 . (use) by people who send messages to one another. It is very useful and 2 . (help) be-cause it can help you make yourself easily3 . (understand).When you are talking with others, you are not only just u-sing words, 4 . also using ges-tures. Waving one's hand means “Good-bye” . Shaking hands means welcome, and clapping hands means 5 .(祝贺).6. the head means agreement, and shaking the head means disagreement. The gestures are accepted by both Chinese and foreigners as having the same 7 . (mean). The countries where they have differ-ent customs have different body languages. Following the customs will help 8 .(your) communicate 9 . peo-ple and make your staying there much more pleasant and 10 . (舒适的). 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$