职教高考英语专题复习(九）——动词的时态

职教高考专题复习(九）——动词的时态 知识链接 时态是英语中谓语动词的变化形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。不同的动词变化形式就构成了不同的时态。中职英语大纲中要求掌握的时态有以下五种： (一)一般现在时 1.一般现在时的构成： 表示动作时，用实义动词原形或第三人称单数形式，变为疑问句或否定句时要借助于do/does、don't/doesn't;表示状态时,用系动词be(am, is, are)+表语,变为疑问句或否定句时要把系动词或助动词提前或在其后加 not，如下表： 时态 例句 一般现在时 肯定形式 I get up early in the morning. He likes playing computer games. Lucy is a student. 否定形式 I don't get up early in the morning. He doesn't like playing computer games. Lucy is not a student. 疑问形式 Do you get up early in the morning? Does he like playing computer games? Is Lucy a student? 2.一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。如： He lives in New York.他住在纽约。 She always helps others. 她总是帮助别人。 (2)表示客观事实、自然现象或普遍真理。如： Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 (3)在某些时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。如： If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a pic-nic.如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 下次你来的时候，给我带些杂志来。 时间、条件状语从句中常见的引导词： 条件状语从句引导词 if, unless, as long as 时间状语从句引导词 when, until, after, before, as| soon as, once, the moment 3.常用时间状语 一般现在时经常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如 usually, always, often, sometimes, seldom, never等。 (二)一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。 1.一般过去时的构成 表示动作时，用动词的过去式形式，变为疑问句或否定句时要借助于助动词 did/didn't；表示状态时,用系动词 be(was, were)+表语, 变为疑问句时要把系动词提前，变为否定句时要在其后加 not, 如下表: 时态 例句 一般过去时 肯定形式 I went to school yesterday. Linda was a nurse five years ago. 否定 形式 I didn't go to school yesterday. Linda wasn't a nurse five years ago. 疑问形式 Did you go to school yesterday? Was Linda a nurse five years ago? 2.一般过去时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。如： I arrived in Beijing yesterday. 我昨天到的北京。 Did you have the meeting last week? 上周你们开会了吗? (2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如： We often practiced playing basketballlastyear.去年我们经常练习打篮球。 He used to get up early. 他过去经常早起。 3.常用时间状语 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语如yesterday, last……(week/year…), in 2010, just now, the other day, ago... (two years ago, an hour ago), when I was young 等连用。 (三)一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 1.一般将来时的构成 (1) will/shall+动词原形,多指客观上将要发生的动作，变为疑问句时要把助动词will/shall提前，变为否定句时在 will/shall 后加 not。shall多用于第一人称。如下表： 时态 例句 一般将来时 肯定形式 I shall go to see my grandparents this evening. He will be twenty next year. 否定形式 I won't go to see my grandparents this evening. He won't be twenty next year. 疑问形式 Will you go to see your grandparents this evening? Will he be twenty next year? (2) be(am/is/are) going to+动词原形,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。如： He isn't going to buy that house. 他不打算买那套房子。 Are you going to climb the hill on the weekend? 你周末打算去爬山吗? It is going to rain.要下雨了。 (3) be(am/is/are) about to+动词原形,表示即将做某事，不与具体时间连用。如： Be quiet! The movie is about to begin! 安静！电影就要开始了！ (4)be to+动词原形，表示计划中的约定或按职责、义务和要求必须要做的事。如： We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约定在校门口见面。 (5)某些表示短暂性动作的动词如 come、go、arrive、leave、start 等,可以用现在进行时形式表示将来。如： I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天要去上海。 2.常用时间状语 一般将来时常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next... (week/year... ), in 2030, inthe future, how soon 多久以后, in+一段时间(in two years 两年后)等连用。 (四)现在进行时 1.现在进行时的构成 助动词 be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词,变为疑问句时要把助动词be(am/is/are)提前, 变为否定句时在其后加 not，如下表： 时态 例句 现在进行时 肯定形式 It is raining outside. 否定形式 It isn't raining outside. 疑问形式 Is it raining outside? 2.现在进行时的用法 (1)现在进行时表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如： What are you doing? 你在做什么呢? I am cleaning the classroom. 我正在打扫教室。 (2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。如： Mr. Black is writing a novel these days.布莱克先生最近在写一篇小说。 (3)现在进行时与 always 连用,表示赞美、惊讶、不悦、责备等情感。如： She is always helping others. 她总是帮助别人。 John is always losing things. 约翰总是丢三落四的。 3.常用时间状语 now, at the moment;Look ! listen! 等提示性语言;these days等。 (五)现在完成时 1.现在完成时的用法 (1)现在完成时表示过去的动作已经完成，但对现在的情况存在一定的影响。如： The concert has already started. 音乐会已经开始了。 Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去过长城吗? (2)也可表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。如： We have known each other since wewereyoung.我们从年轻起就认识了。 He has worked for ten hours.. 他已经工作了10个小时了。 2.现在完成时的构成 由助动词 have/has+动词的过去分词构成。变为否定句时在 have/has后加 not,变为疑问句时要把助动词 have/has提前，如下表： 时态 例句 现在完成时 肯定形式 I have finished my work. She has had supper, 否定形式 I haven't finished my work. She hasn't had supper. 疑问形式 Have you finished your work? Has she had supper? 3.常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already, never, ever, just, before, yet, lately,sofar, how long, in the past+ 数词 +years/months, for+时间段, since+时间点/从句等。 4.现在完成时常见句式 (1)主句(用现在完成时)+since+时间点/从句(二者均表示过去某个时间，和 since 一起构成时间段),如: I have lived here since 2003. 我从2003年起就住在这里。 I haven't seen him since he left school. 自从他离开学校之后我就没见过他。 (2)主句(用现在完成时)+for+时间段,如: I have studied English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。 (3) It/This is the+序数词+time+that从句(用现在完成时)，如： It is the first time that I have travelledbyair.这是我第一次乘飞机旅行。 (4)先行词被最高级修饰的定语从句中，如: This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影之一。 【注意】 ①在现在完成时的肯定形式中，非延续性动词不能和时间段连用(但否定形式可以)。常见的非延续性动词有:come, go, buy, borrow, begin, leave,arrive, join, marry, die等。如: I borrowed a book from the library. 我从图书馆借了一本书。 I have kept the book for three days. 这本书我已经借阅了三天了。 而不说 I have borrowed the book for three days. ②现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 二者都表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时强调该动作与现在的关系、对现在造成的影响或结果等，不能与表示确定的过去时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不管现在如何，可以与表示确定的过去时间状语连用。如： He worked in this company in 2010. 他与 2010年在这家公司工作过。 (现在不在这家公司工作了) He has worked in this company since 2010.他从2010年起就在这家公司工作。 (现在仍然在这家公司工作，将来也可能) 【专项训练】 1. (2022·春考真题)—Li Ming, could you come and help me in the garden, please? —Sorry, Mom. I Lucy with herChinese now. A. help B. helped C. am helping D. have helped 2.(2022·春考真题) By the end of yesterday, we over 1,000e-mails from all over the world. A. receive B. were received C. have received D. had received 3.(2021·春考真题) My phone rang while I the film MyPeople, My Coun-try. A. see B. was seeing C. am seeing D. would see 4. There no cinemas in my home-town forty years ago. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. My family very large. A. are B. is C. were D. was 6. There a birthday party this Sun-day. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be 7.— the young girl the old man clean his room every day? A. Does;help B. Has;helped C. Did;help D. Do;helps 8. Our geography teacher told us that the earth around the sun. A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves 9. Sam will catch up with others if he hard enough. A. works B. worked C. will work D. has worked 10. Some boys are in the pool and some girls are games. A. swiming;playing B. swimming;plaiing C. swimming;playing D. swimming;plaing 11. Mr Brown has gone to Shanghai. And he in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back 12. Be quite. The students an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having 13.—Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhang's office. —I'm afraid he his work yet. A. doesn't finish B. didn’ t finish C. hasn't finished D. won't finish 14. The boy wasn't listening to the teacher, because he of the new film. A. thought B. thinks C. is thinking D. was thinking 15.—Our country a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even . A. has changed;well B. changed;good C. has changed;better D. changed;better 16. 《Chang Jin Hu》 is a very nice film. I it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see 17. When the police arrived, the man for 10 minutes. A. died B. was death C. had died D. had been dead 18.—Where is Dick? —He to the Library. A. has been B. went C. has gone D. goes 【定时练】 一、单项选择 1. More and more people sharing bikes to work every day. A. ride B. will ride C. rides D. have ridden 2.—Where are the children? —They together in the garden. A. are playing B. play C. played D. will play 3.—Have you seen Bruce today? —Yes,I need him in the car park. I this morning. A. has seen B. see C. will see D. saw 4. My teacher told me that Australians English. A. spoke B. speak C. speaks D. are speaking 5. Not only he but also his friends upset when they heard the news. A. is B. was C. were D. are 6.—Who cleaned the classroom? —Jenny . A. do B. did C. does D. has done 7.—Where are the flowers? —You see, someone them to the window. A. moves B. had moved C. has moved D. would move 8. They to their hometown in a few days. A. return B. returns C. will return D. returned 9.—Have you had an e-mail address?" Yes,I have one since 2015. A. have B. has C. had D. applied 10. He to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote 11.—Look! your friend Linda is over there. —No, it can't be her. She_______Jinan. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have been in D. was gone to 12. I the book club last week and I_______ two books already. A. join;read B. joined;read C. joined;have read D. joined;has read 13.—Why you didn’ t go to the lecture yes-terday? It was really wonderful! —I my homework at that time. A. had done B. was doin C. would do D. am doing 14. There some showers this afternoon. A. is going to be B. will have C. will be D. are going to have 15.—Oh no! We’re too late. The train . —That’s OK. We can catch the next train in an hour. A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving 二、短文填空 Sometimes people don't know how im-portant it is to have a good lifestyle. Mike and Bill are good friends. They 1_.(go) to the same school last year. They both like studying.However, Mike gets2_______.(good) grades than Bill be-cause Bill often gets sick. When Bill gets3_______ . , he has to see the doctor and stays in bed.4_______ . is Bill often ill? With the help of Mike, he knows that it's because he has many bad habits. In the morning, he has 5_______ . time to eat breakfast because he never gets up on time. He is often hungry 6_______ . class. So he can't listen to the teacher carefully. He never eats vegetables. But he eats junk food five 7_______ . (time)a week. And what's worse, he never brushes his 8______.(tooth) before he goes to sleep. ButMike is very 9_______ . (difference) from Bill. He cares 10_______ . his health. He exercises every day and has healthy food, so he is never ill. “Good health helps you study better,” he often says to Bill. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$