职教高考英语专题复习——动词和动词短语（八）

职教高考专题复习——动词和动词短语（八） 知识链接 动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的词，在句子中作谓语的动词，是用来说明主语是什么、做什么或处于什么状态。 (一)动词的分类 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为4类： 动词的分类 用法 例句 实义动词 (即行为动词) 及物动词 本身意义不完整，其后加上宾语才能表达完整的意思 John gives a book to me. Who will answer this question? 不及物动词 本身词义完整，可以不接宾语， 其后跟宾语需借助于介词 Don't run. It's dangerous. They will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow. 系动词(be, keep, become, grow,turn, get, feel, look, smell,sound, taste, feel...) 本身有词义，不能单独作谓语， 其后须跟表语构成系表结构， 来说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等情况 Those pictures are very beautiful. He always kept silent at meeting. The flower smells good. 助动词(be, do, does, did, has,have, had, will...) 本身无词义，不能单独作谓语， 用来帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气、句式结构等 The boys are playing basketball. Do you want to come with me? He has just finished his task. 情态动词(can, may, must, need,should...) 本身有词义， 无人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语， 与其后的动词原形一起作谓语。 We can be there on time. May I have your name? You must do your homework. (二)动词的基本形式 英语中动词有五种基本形式：原形，一般现在时的第三人称单数，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。 1.一般现在时的第三人称单数 在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词也必须用第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下： 规则 动词原形 第三人称单数形式 ①一般在动词原形后加-s run, eat, say runs, eats, says ②以s,x, ch, sh,o结尾的动词后加-es pass, fix, teach, finish, do passes, fixes, teaches, finishes, does ③以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词， 变 y 为 i，再加-es cry, study, carry cries, studies, carries 2.规则动词的过去式和过去分词 在一般过去时中，谓语动词要用其过去式形式；在现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态中，要用到动词的过去分词形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化一样，规则如下： 规则 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 ①一般情况加-ed help, look, work helped, looked, worked helped, looked, worked ②词尾为不发音的字母e,加-d like, live, love liked, lived, loved liked, lived, loved ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y 为i,再加-ed try, study, cry tried, studied, cried tried, studied, cried ④重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母加-ed plan, stop, nod planned, stopped, nodded planned, stopped, nodded 3.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化形式也可归纳为以下几种类型： 类型 原形 过去式 过去分词 ①A—A—A型 cut put hurt cost cut put hurt cost cut put hurt cost ②A—A—B型 beat beat beaten ③A—B—A 型 become come run became came ran become come run ④A—B—B型 tell build send spend told built sent spent told built sent spent ⑤A—B—C型 see take choose do saw took chose did seen taken chosen done 4.动词的现在分词 在现在进行时、过去进行时中，要用到动词的现在分词形式。其变化规则如下： 规则 动词原形 现在分词 ①一般情况下直接加-ing study studying ②词尾为不发音的字母e， 去掉e加-ing like liking ③重读闭音节结尾的动词， 双写末尾的辅音字母加-ing begin, put, swim beginning, putting, swimming ④少数以 ie结尾的动词,先变 ie为 y,再加-ing die, lie, tie dying, lying, tying (三)动词短语 一些动词常与名词、副词、介词搭配构成固定的动词短语，表达固定的词义，其作用相当于一个动词。 动词短语的主要类型及用法： 1.动词+介词结构后面跟宾语时,宾语只能放在介词之后。如:apply for申请;talk about 谈论;come across偶然遇见;come to 合计;listen to听;look at看;look for 寻找;reply to 回答;dealwith处理;worry about 担心;hear of 听说;look after 照顾;agree with同意;call on 拜访,号召;call up 打电话给;aim at 瞄准………。 2.动词+副词结构后面跟宾语时，若宾语是名词，可以放在动词和副词之间，也可以放在副词的后面；若宾语是代词，必须放在动词和副词之间。如：look up 查阅；try on 试穿；giveout 放出,分发;give up 放弃;take off起飞;put down放下;hand out分发等。 3.动词+副词+介词结构后面跟宾语时,宾语放在介词后面。如:catch up with 赶上;endupwith 以………告终;go on with 继续做某事;come up with 提出,想出。 4.动词+名词+介词结构后面跟宾语时,宾语放在介词后面。如:catch hold of 抓住;getridof摆脱掉;make friends with 交朋友;make fun of 取笑;make use of 利用;pay attention to注意;take part in参加;take care of 照看;take the place of代替。 5. be+形容词+介词结构,如:be fond of 喜欢;be familiar with 熟悉;be suitable for适合于;be used to 习惯于。 【专项训练】 1.(2022·春 考 真 题) It is necessary for students’______ development. A. avoid B. hide C. refuse D. satisty 2.(2022·春考真题) You can ______the word in the dictionary if you want to know its meaning. A. look up B. look after C. look for D. look into 3.(2022·春考真题) The sign says that here you can't______ . NOTICE LOADING AREANO PARKING A. park a car B. take photos C. eat and drink D. make a call 4.(2022·春考真题) Andy can take ______at Platform 6 to PudongInternational Airport. The fastest trains to PudongInternational Airport leave from Platform 6. A. a bus B. a subway C. a plane D. a train 5.(2021·春考真题) We go to a nursing home to______ the old people with excellent service. A. provide B. point C. print D. pretend 6.(2021·春考真题)I tried calling my boss several times but I couldn’ t______ . A. get away B. get off C. get out D. get through 7.(2021·春考真题) Sam ______his coat as soon as he came into the room. A. took off B. put off C. turned off D. cut off 8. We should ______ making noise in the library. A. avoid B. prefer C. practise D. enjoy 9. Jimmy likes ______Beijing opera, though he is only in his twenties. A. becoming B. watching C. looking D. smelling 10.—Would you like to go to see the new film with me? —Sorry. I have ______Frank to play basketball with him. A. advised B. expected C. suggested D. promised 11. This kind of fruit tastes______ and sells . A. sweetly;good B. well;well C. beautiful;good D. good;well 12. I can't find my keys. Maybe I ______them at home this morning. A. left B. forgot C. lost D. missed 13.—I'm afraid his radio is too noisy. Will you please______ a little? —Sure. A. turn down B. turn on C. turn up D. turn off 14.—Please______ the picture, my boy. Can you ______a bird? —Yes,I can. A. look;see B. see;look C. look at;see D. see;look at 15. James as well as his friends______ fond of playing the guitar. A. do B. is C. are D. does 16. Our school has______ a sign at the gate, saying “Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile” . A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put down 17. The cheese cake______ so good that Ican’t wait to eat it. A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells 18.—Wow, your sweater is very beautiful!How much is it? —Thank you. It______ me 30 dollars. A. spend B. paid C. cost D. take 19. No one can be right all the time. When people make mistakes, we shouldn't ______them. A. wait for B. send for C. knock at D. laugh at 20. The people in the earthquake meet lots of difficulties,but they haven't ______hope. A. looked up B. waken up C. picked up D. given up 21.—How long have you______ the book? —Two weeks. A. lent B. kept C. bought D. borrowed 22.—Have you ______to the e-mail? —No,I haven't. I'll read it. A. sent B. answered C. replied D. got 【定时练】 一、单项选择 1. I can't ______French. Can we______ about it in Chinese? A. say;tellB. speak;talk C. talk;tell D. speak;say 2.—Oh, my God! I______ my notebook in the library. —It doesn't matter. I'll lend you mine. A. forget B. forgot C. leave D. left 3. It ______me about 15 minutes to walk to the company. A. cost B. takes C. spends D. paid 4.—Daniel, your book shelf is in a terrible mass. Books are thrown here and there! —Really sorry. I’ ll _____ at once. A. put them awayB. put them out C. put them onD. put them down 5. Would you please ______the light? Ican't sleep well with it on. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn toD. turn around 6.—What's your plan for this weekend? —I'm going to ______with my parents in Qingdao. A. spend B. give C. pay D. cost 7. A true friend will never______ from you when you're in trouble. A. take awayB. run away C. put off D. get off 8.—Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight? —I'm sorry I can't. Mother won't ______me to go out in the evening. A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask 9. The teacher encouraged us to do our best to ______our dreams. A. realize B. manage C. satisfy D. arrive 10. May I ask you some question? I won't______ too much of your time. A. give upB. take up C. make upD. put up 11. The maths problem is too hard for me to______ . Who can help me with it? A. hand out B. break out C. work out D. look out 12. Can you help me______ the pen? It's under your chair. A. ask for B. look for C. pick up D. put up 13. Family environment ______an important role in our personality. A. gets B. becomes C. plays D. finds 14. Don't ______what you can do today till tomorrow. A. put off B. put up C. put on D. put out 15.—Mobile phones have been used everywhere in today's world. —But it’ s not good______ people to ______ them too much. A. of;carry onB. for;carry on C. for;depend on D. of;depend on 二、补全对话 A:Sit down, please. What kind of job are you 1______. for? B:I want to apply for the position as a sec-retary. A:What kind of education have you got? B:I2______. from the Jinan University. A:Do you have any experience? B: Yes, I have worked as a secretary3______. 3 years. A:OK. Please 4____. out the applica-tion form. And we will5____. you in one weeks. B:Thank you. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$