职教高考英语专题复习（七）——介 词

职教高考专题复习（七）——介 词 知识链接 用来表示其后的成分(名词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句)与句中其他成分之间关系的词叫介词。介词是虚词，不能重读，不能单独作句子成分，只有在加上宾语构成介词短语时，才能在句子中充当定语、状语、表语和补语等成分。 常用介词的用法区别： (一) in, on, at表示时间时的用法区别 in用于表示比较长的时间名词前，例如世纪、年代、年份、季节、月份等； on用于具体某一天或具体某一天的某段时间等词前； at用于时刻、点钟等词前。 通常情况下, morning、afternoon、evening等词前用介词 in,写作 in the morning/after-noon/evening.如: We usually do exercise in the morning. 我们通常在早晨做运动。 We can see many stars in the evening. 在晚上我们可以看到许多星星。 但是，当这些词有修饰限定的词作为定语，把它们限定为某一天的早晨、下午或晚上时，介词用on。如： I always have coffee in the morning. 我总是在早上喝咖啡。 The accident happened on the afternoonofJuly 2.这次事故发生在7 月 2 日下午。 We are to have a small test onMondaymorning.星期一上午我们有一个小测验。 固定词组： in the end(最终), in a hurry(匆忙),intime(及时), in the future(在将来), in fact(事实上), in danger(处于危险当中), in trouble(遇到困难)； on Sunday morning(在星期天的早上), on asummer night(在一个夏日的晚上), on afoggymorning(在一个有雾的早晨), on time(准时),on foot(步行), on one's way to(在去······的路上); at once(立刻,马上), at noon(在中午),atnight(在夜里), at first(起初,开始), at last(最后,终于), at the end of(在······结束时/末端),at the moment(此刻), at the age of(在······岁时)。 (二)in，at表示地点时的用法区别 in(大的范围)表示大地方，at(具体地点)表示小地方。如： His grandfather lives in Beijing. 他爷爷住在北京。(属于大的范围) I live at No. 16 Nanjing Road in Qingd-ao.我住在青岛南京路 16号。(具体位置点) 【注意】 station, airport, bus stop, gate固定为小地点，用at。 (三) in, on, to表方位时的用法区别 in表示在某范围内；on表示在某范围外，且与该范围接壤；to表示在某范围外，且不与该范围接壤。如： Shanghai is located in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。 Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu. 山东和江苏北部毗邻。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 (四) by, in, with表示“用”时的用法区别 by多用于交通, 如 by bus(此结构中名词前不用冠词);另外, by+v.-ing 结构表示方式,如:by selling fruits;in表示用语言、声音、材料等,如:speak loudly in English, in a loud/lowvoice 等;with 指用具体有形的工具,如:with a pen(with 后的名词前要加冠词或代词)，还指用身体的某器官,如:We see withour eyes, and hearwith our ears.我们用眼睛看, 用耳朵听。 (五) in, after后接时间段时的用法区别 in后接时间段用于将来时。after 后接时间段用于过去时，后接时间点用于将来时。如: I will come back in three days. 我三天后回来。 After three days, the boy came back. 三天后，那个男孩回来了。 He will be here after 10 o’ clock. 他十点以后会来这里。 (六) about, on表示“关于”时的用法区别 on用于较严肃的、正式的场合，侧重于学术性、理论性；about 多用于非正式的、一般的场合。如： I know nothing about this. 关于这件事我毫不知情。 There will be a very important reportonChina's economy.这儿将会举办一场有关中国 (七) except, besides, beside, except for 的用法区别 except意为“除了……之外(没有)”,即“……不包括在内”;besides意为“除了……之外(还有)”,即“……包括在内”;beside 意为“在……旁边,靠近”;except for 用来肯定整体,否定部分,意为: “要不是⋯⋯” We all went to the party except him. 除了他以外，我们都去参加聚会了。(他没去) We all went to the party besides him. 除了他去参加聚会以外，我们也都去了。(他去了) Who will sit beside me? 谁将坐在我旁边? Your composition is good except for afewspelling mistakes.你的作文除了几处拼写错误以外，写得很好。 (八) like 与 as的用法区别 like 和as作介词时,均有“像……一样”的意思，二者后都可接名词或代词；后接句子时，常用连词as，意为“按照⋯⋯那样，如同⋯⋯一样” 。如: Aline is just like her mother. 艾琳长得像她妈妈。 I have changed it as you suggested. 我已按照你建议的那样改了。 (九) over, above, on, under, below 的位置关系 over/under表示垂直上/下方或指从物体上/下方经过； on指“在……表面上”，与物体表面接触; above和 below,仅表示“上方(非正上方)、 或海拔的高低。如下： The bridge over the river has a long his-tory.河上的这座桥历史悠久。 We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。 There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有一些书。 There is a white cat under the table. 桌子下有一只白猫。 Please don't write below this line. 请不要写在这一行下面。 (十) between 与 among的用法区别 between用于两者之间,常和 and连用;a-mong用于三者或三者以上。如： My house is between the shop and thepostoffice.我家就在商店和邮局之间。 The girl quickly disappeared amongthecrowd.女孩转眼消失在人群中。 【注意】between 若用于三者以上则表示每两者中间,例:Don't eat anythingbetweenmeals. (十一) across 与 through 的用法区别 across意为“横过, 穿过”, 指从物体表面的一边到另一边;through 意为“从……中穿过”，指从物体或空间的内部穿过；over 意为“越过”，指从物体上方跨过。如: She swam across the river.她游过河去。 Moon light came in through the window. 月光从窗户进来。 He jumped over the wall.他跳过了墙。 (十二) be made of 与 be made from 的用法区别 be made of表示用某种材料制成, 看得出原材料;be made from 表示用某种材料制成,看不出原材料。如： The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做的。 Good wine is made from grain. 好酒是粮食制成的。 1.(2022·春考真题)—Excuse me, Mr. Li. How can I become a good basketball player? practicing hard. A. In B. Within C. Beyond D. By 2. The people's Republic Of China was founded October1st,1949. A. on B. in C. at D. for 3. He returned home a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in D. For 4.—How soon will we get the result of the examination? — about two days. A. In B. For C. Among D. After 5. The shop won't be open nine the morning of Saturday. A. at;in B. at;on C. on;in D. on;at 6. This story is simple English. Most of us can read it easily. A. for B. in C. with D. by 7. He arrived Shanghai Station at 9:30. A. at B. in C. on D. To 8.—Where's Lily? We are all here her. —I'm not sure. A. beside B. about C. except D. with 9. I think tea will taste better some milk in it. A. for B. with C. from D. at 10. Hong Kong is the south of China, and Macao is the west of Hong Kong. A. in;to B. to;to C. to;in D. in;in 11. the help of the teacher,I have made much progress my Eng-lish. A. Under;in B. Under;with C. With;in D. In;with 12. He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road. A. off B. on C. along D. behind 13. I will give a T-shirt my elder sister as a birthday present. A. by B. to C. from D. for 14. Many wild animals are . We should try to protect them. A. on duty B. on show C. in order D. in danger 15.—A true friend is always there whenever I'm . —Yeah. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A. in order B. in trouble C. in public D. on duty 16. The houses here are mostly stones. A. made of B. made from C. made by D. made in 【定时练】 一、单项选择 1. Susan left home a cold morning of January. A. in B. on C. at D. from 2. It's hot summer in Beijing. A. by B. on C. at D. in 3. Taiwan lies the east of Fujian, the southeast of China A. on;in B. to;in C. on;to D. in;in 4.—The students in our class are all here Mary. ——She is ill at home. A. besides B. about C. except D. beside 5.—Would you please provide us some information about the accident? —Sure. It happened the morning of June 5th. A to;on B. for;in C. with;in D. with;on 6.—You’ ve been here a month. Don’t you miss your parents? —Yes,I plan to come back home a month. A. in;in B. for;in C. for;after D. after;after 7. the help of the police, the little boy finally found the way school. A. With;to B. With;for C. For;to D. To;for 8.—It's kind you to come to see me. —It's a pleasure. You were so kind me. A. of;with B. for;with C. of;to D. for;to 9. The beautiful bottle was made glass. A. from B. in C. of D. by 10.—I think it's polite the young to offer seats to the old. —Yeah, and it's necessary us to do so. A. of;for B. of;of C. for;of D. for;for 11. Would you honor us a visit? A. of B. for C. at D. with 12.—Do you know the student David and Jack? —Yeah. It's Jim. A. among B. in C. between D. around 13. The sunlight came the windows, and the room became warm. A. out of B. through C. from D. into 14. Do you know the man red? A. on B. in C. with D. of 15. We haven't heard Liu Dong a long time. A. from;for B. of;in C. from;during D. of;for 二、补全对话 A: Mom, 1 . Mother's Day! Here's my card. B:What a surprise! Thanks. It's beauti-ful. A:Thank you 2 . your love and care over the years. Iappreciate it, mom. B:This is the best card I've ever received. A:Mom, 3 . can I do for you to-day? B:Nothing, son. I'm already very happy. A:How 4 . dinner tonight? My treat. B:Actually, I prefer we eat at home. We'll have more time to chat with each oth-er. A:I'm sorry business has kept me too busy this year. B:Oh, don't 5 . it. I'm proud of you. A:Thanks, Mom. I love you so much. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$