职教高考专题复习（五）---冠 词

职教高考专题复习（五）---冠 词 知识链接 冠词是指用在名词前说明名词所指的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词本身没有词义，因此不能在句中单独使用。它一般放在名词前，帮助指明名词的含义。 (一)冠词的分类 冠词可以分为三类：不定冠词a(an)，定冠词the，以及零冠词，即不用冠词。 (二)冠词的用法 1.不定冠词a(an)的基本用法 (1)a(an)用在可数名词单数形式前。泛指某一人或事物，不具体指明是何人或何物。 以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的名词前用a，以元音音素开头的名词前用an。如: a boy,a book, an apple, an hour 等。 【注意】 ①有些元音字母开头的单词，发音是以辅音音素开头，前面要用a，如 a Euro-pean,a useful book,a university,aone-waystreet。 ②有些辅音字母开头的单词，发音是以元音音素开头,前面要用 an,如 an hour, anhon-est boy, an honor, an X-ray。 (2)在以 and 连接的两个名词前，如果只有一个 a 或an，则表示一个人或事物；如果在这两个名词前各有一个a或an，则表示两个人或事物。如： Lily is a professor and writer. 莉莉是一位教授兼作家。 They are a teacher and a student. 他们一个是老师，一个是学生。 (3)a(an)用在某些固定词组中。如 have a good time, have a rest, have a fever, have a cold, in a word, in a hurry, tell a lie, as a re-sult, do sb. a favor, after a while,a lot of等。 2.定冠词the的基本用法 the可以用在可数名词的单、复数或不可数名词前。在辅音音素前读/ðə/，在元音音素前读/ðɪ/。 (1)特指谈话双方均知道的或重提上文所涉及的人或物。如： Would you mind passing me the book, please? 你可以把书递给我吗? I saw a bird. I haven't seen the bird be-fore. 我看见了一只鸟，我以前从没见过这种鸟。 (2)用在序数词和形容词最高级前，以及形容词only、very、same等的前面。 We have made the first step. 我们已经迈出了第一步。 I am the happiest man alive. 我是世界上最快乐的人。 He is the only one who can do this job. 他是唯一能做这项工作的人。 (3)用在世界上独一无二的事物前，以及表示江河、湖泊、山脉、海湾、海峡、海洋、群岛和沙漠等地理名称的事物前。如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。 (4)用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派、节日等专有名词前。如： the United Nations(UN) 联 合 国, thePeople'sRepublic of China 中华人民共和国, the UnitedStates(US)美国, the Great Wall长城, the SpringFestival 春节等。 (5)用在乐器名词前。如： I can't play the violin.我不会拉小提琴。 She plays the piano very well. 她钢琴弹得很好。 (6)“the+形容词”表示复数意义的一类人，谓语动词要用复数形式。 (7)用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示某一家人，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： The Browns are going to spend the holi-day inQingdao.布朗一家要去青岛度假。 The Smiths came to China last year. 史密斯一家是去年来的中国。 用在表示民族的形容词前，表示整个民族。如: the Chinese 中国人, the French 法国人, theAmerican 美国人, the English 英国人。 (8)常用的词组或习惯说法有: on the left/right, in the east/west, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, on the other hand, in the end 等。 3.下列情况一般不加冠词，即零冠词。 (1)国名、地名、人名、称呼、头衔职位等专有名词前不用冠词。如： China, Japan, Beijing, New York, Lon-don,Mary, Tom, Professor Zhang 张 教授, General Lee李将军等。 (2)物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不用冠词。如： Water is important for people. 水对人们来说很重要。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 (3)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词前，不加冠词。如： Jinan is always hot in summer and cold in winter.济南夏天很热, 冬天很冷。 We work from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一工作到星期五。 (4)在三餐、球类、棋类、学科等名词前不加冠词,如: have breakfast 吃早餐, have lunch 吃午饭,play basketball 打篮球, play chess 下象棋, studyEnglish学英语等。 (5)当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间不用冠词。如： by bus, by air, by bike, by train, by car 等。 (6)序数词前有物主代词时，不用冠词。如:my first time, our second day 等。 (7)某些固定短语中不用冠词。如: at first,first of all, from first to last, go to bed, in class, at noon, listen to music, in trouble 等。 (8)有些个体名词用不用冠词，意思不一样。如: go to school 去上学 go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学,可能是有别的事) go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院(不一定是去看病, 可能是有其他目的) 此类的个体名词有:school, hospital,bed, market, church, college, table等。 【专项训练】 1.(2022·春考真题) Linda had fe-ver, and her parents drove her to the hospi-tal in hurry. A. a;a B. a;the C. the;a D. the;the 2. One of his daughters became Eng-li sh teacher lastAugust. A. a B. an C. the D./ 3.—How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? —It takes us hour to go to my hometown by train, A. a;a B. an;/ C. an;the 4. There is umbrella on the chair. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 5. Steve lives in European country, and he teaches in university there. A. an;a B. an;the C. a;a D. a;an 6.—Kate, are you only child in your family? —Yes, but new baby is on the way. A. a;the B. an;the C. the;a Đ. the;the 7.—Is that post office? —No, it's old library. A. the;a B. a;an C. an;a D. an;the 8. Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music. A. the;/ B./;/ C./;the D. the;the 9. September tenth is Teachers’ Day. A. the;/ B. the;the C. the;a D. a;the 10. We usually go swimming in summer. But in summer of2020, we didn't. A./;/B. a;a C./;the D. a;/ 11. You’ ve dropped “X” in the word “X-ray” . A. the B. a C. an D./ 12.—Where's nearest supermar-ket? —It's over there, just around the corner. A. a B. an C. the D./ 13. Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in east of Shandong. A. an B./ C. the D. a 14.—There is tall man in front of the zoo gate. ——He is our new English teach-er. A. a;/ B. an;the C./;a D./;an 15. David is 18-year-old boy with short black hair. A./ B. a C. an D. the 16. I enjoy having breakfast with my family at home. It makes me feel re-laxed. A. a B. an C. the D./ 【定时练】一、单项选择 1. I want to be engineer when Igrow up. A. a B. an C. the D./ 2.—What can I do for you, sir? —I want iPhone 13 for my wife as gift. A. an;a B. a;an C. an;the D. a;a 3. He likes to play guitar instead of playing basketball. A. the;the B./;/ C. the;/ D./;the 4. You have dropped “s” and “u” when you write the word. A. a;an B. a;a C. an;an D. an;a 5. We can't see sun at night. A. a;/ B. a;the C. the;/ D. the;the 6. We’ d better get ready for the dinner now becauseGreens are coming to visit us tonight. A. a B. an C. the D./ 7. Great Wall is lon-gest wall in the world. A. A;a B. The;the C. A;the D. The;a 8.—Who is boy playing soccer o-ver there? —He is my classmate, Li Ping. A. a B.不填 C. the D. an 9. There is map of China on the wall.. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 10. When Linda was a child, her mother al-ways let her have breakfast bed. A. the;in B. the;in the C./;in D./;in the 11. Hurry up! If we miss last bus, we’ll have to get home by taxi. A. a;/ B. the;a C. the;/ D. a;a 12.—What's the matter with you? —I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed. A. the;the B. a;a C. a;the D. a;/13. In the United States, Father's Day falls on thirdSunday in June. A. the;/ B./;the C. the;the D. a;the 14.—Have you seen bag?I left it here just now. ——Is it black one? I saw it in the teacher's office. A. a;a B. a;the C. the;a D. the;the 15. Peter is honest boy and good friend of mine. A. a;the B. the;an C. a;an D. an;a 二、短文填空 In North America when students graduate 1.schools, they usually have a graduation party to celebrate the big event. The first task is to decide on a date and time. To celebrate such an important occasion, the 2.(two) thing is to figure out their budget(预算)。The size of their budget usually corresponds(对应) to the size of their party. Next they 3. (chosen) a location:the backyard,a local park, a restaurant, a fancy hotel,4. (a)amusement park 5. the beach. Then they make a list of6.(they) guests. Usually school friends, teachers and some relatives are on the list. After that they buy cards and send7.(invite). The most important preparation is to create a menu, because many people come to the graduation party8.(simple) for the food. The last thing is to buy decorations. Balloons, ta-blecloths and posters are 9. (need). They are advised to avoid 10.(get) drunk and acting foolishly,never drive after drinking. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$