职教高考专题复习（四）---副 词

职教高考专题复习（四）---形容词和副 词 知识链接 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词以及全句的词，可表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等，主要用作状语。 (一)副词的作用与位置 1.副词在句中一般用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或用来修饰整个句子。如： He can speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。(修饰动词) Jack is very interested in music. 杰克对音乐很感兴趣。(修饰形容词) You did the job quite well. 你这项工作做得相当好。(修饰副词) Surely, we will help you. 我们一定会帮助你。(修饰句子) 2.时间、地点副词一般放在句尾。如： He came here yesterday. 他昨天来过这里。 Put the box down anywhere. 把箱子放在哪儿都行。 3.频度副词 often, usually, always, some-times, hardly, seldom, never 等常用在行为动词之前，be动词、情态动词等之后。如： He is often late.他经常迟到。 We can hardly wait to see them. 我们迫不及待地想见到他们。 I will never forget your kindness. 我永远不会忘记你的好意。 有否定意义的频度副词 neither、hardly、never、seldom等放在句首时，句子的主语和谓语要倒装。如： Hardly can we believe it. 我们简直不能相信。 Never can I thank you enough. 我对您感激不尽。 4. 程度副词 very, quite, rather, much, too,almost等通常放在被修饰的形容词、副词之前，但enough要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。如： He is very sorry for it.他对此非常抱歉。 It was a rather difficult question. 这是一个相当难的问题。 She is old enough to decide for herself. 她已到了自己做决定的年龄了。 5.方式副词 quickly, easily, quietly, slow-ly,carefully, honestly等修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词后，修饰及物动词时放在宾语后，宾语较长时，也可放在动宾之间。如： She won the game easily. 她轻松地赢得了比赛。 He replied to my letter very quickly. 他立即答复了我的信。 Mr. Wang wrote some letters carefully to his friends. 王先生小心翼翼地给他的朋友写了几封信。 有些副词具有跨类特征，即兼具多种词性。如: today, tomorrow, home 等既是副词,也是名词。如: above, away, out, over, beyond, below, down,up, in, along, near, off, on, inside, out-side, past,round等，既是副词，同时也是介词，有宾语时就是介词，否则就是副词。这些可作介词的副词，既可放在宾语之前，也可放在宾语之后。如： Please turn off the light. = Please turn the light off.请把灯关掉。 但如果宾语是人称代词，则将宾语放在动词和副词之间。如： Please turn it down. 请把它的声音关小点。 (二)副词的比较级和最高级 1.副词的比较级和最高级的变换形式与形容词基本相同。一般来说，单音节副词常采用-er和-est形式,而以-ly结尾的副词(early除外)以及一些频度副词多采用 more 和 most形式。如: 原级 比较级 最高级 hard harder hardest fast faster fastest soon sooner soonest early earlier earliest carefully more carefully most carefully quickly more quickly most quickly seldom more seldom most seldom 另外下面几个副词有不规则的比较级和最高级形式： 原级 比较级 最高级 much more most badly worse worst well better best little less least far farther(further) farthest(furthest) 【注意】 (1)以 ly 结尾的副词,除 early外基本都是前加 more 和 most 变成比较级最高级的，但是本身以ly结尾的形容词，依旧按照比较级的变化规则变比较级和最高级。 如: lonely——lonelier——loneliest friendly——friendlier—friendliest (2)副词的最高级前可以不加定冠词the。 2.副词比较级和最高级的用法 副词的比较级和最高级的用法与形容词的用法基本相同。 (1)副词比较级可单独使用。如： Please speak more slowly. 请讲得慢一些。 Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。 He'll come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。 (2)副词的比较级前可有状语修饰。如： I worked much harder than anyone did.我比任何人都努力工作。 Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍快些过来吗? They got there an hour earlier thantheothers.他们比其他人早一小时到达那里。 (3)副词的同级比较，其肯定形式要用as+副词的原级+as;否定形式要用 not as(so)+副词的原级+as。如: She writes as clearly as her sister does. 她写得和她妹妹一样清楚。 They work as hard as you do. 他们工作得像你一样努力。 She didn't sing so well last night assheusually does.她昨天晚上唱得没有平时好。 (4)副词在程度不等的比较中，常用结构有:比较级……than, the+比较级… the+比较级,比较级 and 比较级等。如: He works less than he used to. 他工作的时间比以前少了。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干得好一些? Water colors dry faster than other paints. 水彩颜料比其他颜料干得快。 The less she worried, the better sheworked.她担心得越少，工作得就越好。 The sooner you leave there, the better. 你离开那里越快越好。 He felt he began to see things more and more clearly. 他感觉他开始看东西越来越清楚了。 (5)三个或三个以上的事物相比较用最高级。最高级的结构一般为“最高级+比较范围”，表示“最”的意思。如： Of all his novels I like this one best. 他的小说中我最喜欢这一本。 Among the three boys he studies the har-dest.在三个男孩子中他学习最努力。 【巩固提升】 1. Seeing the new changes in her hometown, Sandy could believe her eyes. A. almost B. highly C. nearly D. hardly 2.—Have you ever visited the Great Wall? —No, . A. never B. already C. ever D. still 3. Alex believes he will soon be able to play chess as as the computer. A. well B. better C. best D. the best 4. The house is small for a family of six. A. much too B. too much C. too many D. many 5. I look at the picture, Ilike it. A. The best;the more B. The more;less C. The more;least D. The more;the more 6. He hungry after school, so he eats a snack before he goes home. A. is never B. always is C. never is D. is always 7.— are you feeling today? —Much . A. When;good B. What;better C. Where;good D. How;better 8. he read the book, he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested 9. Of all the students, Tom runs . A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast 10. He got up to catch the early bus. A. early enough B. enough early C. earlier enough D. enough earlier 11. Skimming is a kind of reading strategy. It means reading an article to find the main idea without reading every word. A. quickly B. careful C. clearly D. hard 12. This kind of T-shirts looks and sell A. good;good B. well;good C. good;well D. good;better 【拓展提升】 一、单项选择 1. The new is very . All the audi-ence(观众) are . A. moving;moved B. moving;moving C. moved;moving D. moved;moved 2. My mother cooks fish . This dish of fish tastes . A. well;good B. good;well C. good;good D. well;well 3. It is reported that there was an accident in the street this morning, but , no one was badly hurt. A. luckily B. lucky C. unfortunately D. fortunate 4.—As middle school student, we should study hard for the future. —I think so. we study now, future we'll have. A. The hard;the good B. The harder;the better C. The hardest;the best D. Harder;better 5. The HZMB(港珠澳大桥) is cross-sea bridge in the world, linkingHong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao. A long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 6. The less junk food you eat, healthy you will be. A. the more B. the less C. less D. more 7. Bob never does his homework Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. as carefully as B. so careful as C. carefully as D. as careful as 8.—Have you ever been to Disneyland? —No, . I hope I can go there next year. A. always B. sometimes C. never D. often 9.—Which one will you choose, the red one or the green one? —I will take the red one, because the red one is . A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest 10.—What do you think of the trip toYunnan? —It's trip I've ever had. A. the most excited B. more excited C. the most exciting D. more exciting 11. The Yellow River is the second river in our country. A. long B. the longer C. longest D. the longest 12. The light in the room wasn't for us to write. A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly enough D. enough brightly 13. He runs than any other student in his class. A. more faster B. much faster C. very faster D. too fast 14. Air pollution is becoming . We must do something to deal with it. A. better and better B. more and more bad C. worse and worse D. more and more better 15. Would you please drive a little ? You are driving too fast! A. slow B. slower C. slowlier D. more slowly 二、短文填空 Napoga Gurigo is a 12-year-old girl inGhana,Africa. It is hard 1. her family to get clean water. The2. (near) place to get water is a dirty hole half a kilometer from their village. Every morning, Napoga 3.(leave) home at half past five to get water for her family. Sometimes it 4.(耗费) six hours to get enough clean wa-ter. Napoga has no time to go to school and play 5. her friends. 6. (数百万) of people in the world are likeNapoga. They can't get e-nough clean water to keep 7.(health). Most of those people are in Afri-ca. Water covers 70 percent of Earth's surface.8.most of that is sea wa-ter. We can't use it for very many things. Many people have 9. (make) wells to get clean water from under-ground. But there still isn't enough.Scien-tists say that 10. 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough clean water. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$