专题07 定语从句和名词性从句 -【好题汇编】三年（2022-2024）高考英语真题分类汇编（全国通用）

专题07 定语从句和名词性从句 年份 卷别 定语从句 三年（14考） 名词性从句 三年（8考） 命题趋势 2024 新高考I卷 which/that 定语从句：以考查关系词为主，定语从句中的动词时态为辅。命题热点集中在以下几点： 1. 关系代词和关系副词的基本用法 2. 介词+关系代词（which/whom） 非限制性定语从句关系词的考查。 名词性从句： 1. 名词性从句和定语从句连接词辨析 2. 名词性从句连接词的辨析 固定句型和it 新高考II卷 who 浙江卷1月 that/which what 全国甲卷 2023 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 which why 全国甲卷 as; where what→which 全国乙卷 that/which; that→whose 北京卷 浙江卷1月 2022 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 whether/if; how 全国甲卷 who what→how 全国乙卷 what → which 浙江卷1月 that/who whether/if 浙江卷6月 北京卷 which whether 天津卷 for whom how 考点01 定语从句 1.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 4.（2023·全国甲卷·语法填空）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 5.（2023·全国甲卷·语法填空）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 6.（2023·全国甲卷·语法填空）“There was once a town in the heart of America, __ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 7.（2023·全国甲卷·改错）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun. 8.（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place________ welcome the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 9.（2023·全国乙卷·改错） The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 10.(2022·新高考I卷·语法填空) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 11.（2022·全国甲卷·语法填空）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 12.（2022·浙江卷1月·语法填空）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 13.（2022·全国乙卷·短文改错）They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. 14.(2022·北京卷·语法填空)That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use. 15.（2022·天津卷·单项选择）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 考点02 名词性从句 1.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 2.（2023·新高考II卷·语法填空）This is ________ they need an English trainer. 3.(2022·新高考II卷·语法填空) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 4.(2022·新高考II卷·语法填空) He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ______ to thank him. ” "I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry. 5.(2022·北京卷·语法填空) It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 6.（2022·天津卷·单项选择）Mental health involves________ you procees things such as stress and anxiety. A. how B. what C. why D. which 7.（2022·浙江卷1月·语法填空）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 8.（2022·全国甲卷·短文改错）The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 定语从句和名词性从句 年份 卷别 定语从句 三年（14考） 名词性从句 三年（8考） 命题趋势 2024 新高考I卷 which/that 定语从句：以考查关系词为主，定语从句中的动词时态为辅。命题热点集中在以下几点： 1. 关系代词和关系副词的基本用法 2. 介词+关系代词（which/whom） 非限制性定语从句关系词的考查。 名词性从句： 1. 名词性从句和定语从句连接词辨析 2. 名词性从句连接词的辨析 固定句型和it 新高考II卷 who 浙江卷1月 that/which what 全国甲卷 2023 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 which why 全国甲卷 as; where what→which 全国乙卷 that/which; that→whose 北京卷 浙江卷1月 2022 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 whether/if; how 全国甲卷 who what→how 全国乙卷 what → which 浙江卷1月 that/who whether/if 浙江卷6月 北京卷 which whether 天津卷 for whom how 考点01 定语从句 1.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 4.（2023·全国甲卷·语法填空）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 【答案】 as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 5.（2023·全国甲卷·语法填空）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 6.（2023·全国甲卷·语法填空）“There was once a town in the heart of America, __ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7.（2023·全国甲卷·改错）She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun. 【答案】what→which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，从句缺少主语，指物，在故what改为which。 8.（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place________ welcome the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词place，定语从句中关系词充当主语，指代先行词place,故选用关系代词that或which。 9.（2023·全国乙卷·改错） The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】 that → whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。 10.(2022·新高考I卷·语法填空) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。（语法知识点：当先行词指物，且被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时，只使用that不用which引导。）本句句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。故填that。 11.（2022·全国甲卷·语法填空）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这1100公里的旅程中，这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 12.（2022·浙江卷1月·语法填空）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】that/who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 13.（2022·全国乙卷·短文改错）They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. 【答案】what → which 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。 14.(2022·北京卷·语法填空)That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ________ are only good for one use. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。 15.（2022·天津卷·单项选择）Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. A. for which B. with which C. for whom D. with whom 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：旅游指南是为了给游客提供方便的，里面为游客建议了参观一个城市或景点的线路。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词traveler；结合句意，路线是给游客提供、为了游客而给出的建议，故需要用介词for表示“给……”，先行词为人，故for后用whom。故选C项。 考点02 名词性从句 1.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 2.（2023·新高考II卷·语法填空）This is ________ they need an English trainer. 【答案】 why 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 3.(2022·新高考II卷·语法填空) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 【答案】whether或if 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 4.(2022·新高考II卷·语法填空) He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ______ to thank him. ” "I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry. 【答案】how 【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。 5.(2022·北京卷·语法填空) It’s easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。 6.（2022·天津卷·单项选择）Mental health involves________ you procees things such as stress and anxiety. A. how B. what C. why D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：心理健康包括如何处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的宾语从句作谓语动词involves的宾语，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，但句意不完整，根据句意可知，表示“如何，怎样”的连词how符合句意。故选A项。 7.（2022·浙江卷1月·语法填空）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 【答案】whether或if 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。 8.（2022·全国甲卷·短文改错）The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. 【答案】what→how 【解析】考查副词。句意同上。此处为“疑问副词+不定式”结构来做动词knew的宾语。结合句意，此处表达“如何解决它”，settle it为动宾关系，此处缺少方式状语，用how。故将what改为how。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$