专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 -【好题汇编】三年（2022-2024）高考英语真题分类汇编（全国通用）

专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 年份 卷别 时态与主谓一致 三年（18考） 时态、语态与主谓一致 三年（8考） 命题趋势 2024 新高考I卷 walks 分析近年高考真题可知，时态、语态和主谓一致一直是高考的重要考点。 高考对时态的考查主要分布在语法填空、短文改错和书面表达中。 1. 高频考查易混时态一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时。 2. 语态和时态一起综合考查，动词过去式和过去分词易混难点。 1. 高考主谓一致也会和时态、语态一起考查。其难点是主语出现修饰词、主语倒装及动词形式的变换规则。 新高考II卷 were was built 浙江卷1月 have started be offered 全国甲卷 were be done 2023 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 wished 全国甲卷 be employed 全国乙卷 saying改为said was amazed 北京卷 浙江卷1月 featured were permitted 2022 新高考I卷 were is designed 新高考II卷 was fixing；threw 全国甲卷 has walked 全国乙卷 addressed 浙江卷1月 are; have promised is viewed/has been viewed 浙江卷6月 noticed 北京卷 has 天津卷 prepares were distributed 考点01 动词时态、语态与主谓一致（侧重时态） 1.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____ ____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 2.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 3.（2024年浙江卷1月语法填空）Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】have started 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 4.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）They ________（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5.（2023年新高考II卷语法填空） As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【答案】wished 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 6.（2023年浙江卷1月语法填空）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often______ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 【答案】featured 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 7.（2023年全国乙卷改错）She put the new color on her hair and sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions said. 【答案】saying → said 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。as引导方式状语从句，由语境可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故saying改为said。 8.(2022年新高考I卷语法填空) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护，所以要用一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。本句句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。 9.(2022年新高考II卷语法填空) Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 【答案】was fixing 【解析】考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 10.(2022年新高考II卷语法填空) He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 【答案】threw 【解析】考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。 11.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. 【答案】has walked 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 12.（2022年全国乙卷语法填空）...The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________(address)the opening ceremony. 【答案】addressed 【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句子可知，本句陈述过去事情，应该用一般过去时。故填addressed。 13.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 【答案】 are 【解析】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：但科布和其他人现在对推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会、改变他们的个人行为、为应对气候变化危机尽自己的一份力量的想法提出了质疑。根据时间状语now可知，句子使用现在进行时，主语Cobb and others为复数，be动词应用are，与空后的questioning构成现在进行时。 14.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 【答案】have promised 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，在一个名为“无蝇气候科学”的网站上，大约200名学者——其中许多气候科学家——承诺自两年前开始这项工作以来，尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，主句应使用现在完成时，主语“many of them climate scientists”是复数，因此空格处是have promised。故填have promised。 15.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 【答案】is viewed/has been viewed 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：经常乘飞机去参加会议、演讲、研讨会等，被认为是科学家们聚在一起交流信息的重要方式。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，用现在完成时。动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系，故可以用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态，且动名词作主语，谓语用单数。故填is viewed/has been viewed。 16.（2022年浙江卷6月）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ________ (notice)her smile right away. ” 【答案】noticed 【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 17.（2022年北京卷语法填空）This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ________ (have) no recognizable smell. 【答案】has 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 18.（2022年天津卷单项选择）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A. distribute B. distributed C. are distributed D. were distributed 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。 19.（2022年天津卷单项选择）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。 考点02 动词时态、语态与主谓一致（侧重语态） 1.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空） Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ______ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】was built 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 2.（2024年浙江卷1月语法填空）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 【答案】be offered 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 3.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）What should ________（do）with such a beautiful place? 【答案】be done 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 4.（2023年浙江卷1月）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 【答案】were permitted 【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 5.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】be employed 【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 6.（2023年全国乙卷语法填空）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】was amazed 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 7.(2022年新高考I卷语法填空) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 【答案】is designed 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。本句句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，维护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。故填is designed。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 年份 卷别 时态与主谓一致 三年（18考） 时态、语态与主谓一致 三年（8考） 命题趋势 2024 新高考I卷 walks 分析近年高考真题可知，时态、语态和主谓一致一直是高考的重要考点。 高考对时态的考查主要分布在语法填空、短文改错和书面表达中。 1. 高频考查易混时态一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时。 2. 语态和时态一起综合考查，动词过去式和过去分词易混难点。 1. 高考主谓一致也会和时态、语态一起考查。其难点是主语出现修饰词、主语倒装及动词形式的变换规则。 新高考II卷 were was built 浙江卷1月 have started be offered 全国甲卷 were be done 2023 新高考I卷 新高考II卷 wished 全国甲卷 be employed 全国乙卷 saying改为said was amazed 北京卷 浙江卷1月 featured were permitted 2022 新高考I卷 were is designed 新高考II卷 was fixing；threw 全国甲卷 has walked 全国乙卷 addressed 浙江卷1月 are; have promised is viewed/has been viewed 浙江卷6月 noticed 北京卷 has 天津卷 prepares were distributed 考点01 动词时态、语态与主谓一致（侧重时态） 1.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____ ____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 2.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 3.（2024年浙江卷1月语法填空）Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 4.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）They ________（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 5.（2023年新高考II卷语法填空） As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 6.（2023年浙江卷1月语法填空）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often______ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 7.（2023年全国乙卷改错）She put the new color on her hair and sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions said. 8.(2022年新高考I卷语法填空) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 9.(2022年新高考II卷语法填空) Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 10.(2022年新高考II卷语法填空) He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 11.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. 12.（2022年全国乙卷语法填空）...The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________(address)the opening ceremony. 13.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 14.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 15.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 16.（2022年浙江卷6月）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ________ (notice)her smile right away. ” 17.（2022年北京卷语法填空）This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ________ (have) no recognizable smell. 18.（2022年天津卷单项选择）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A. distribute B. distributed C. are distributed D. were distributed 19.（2022年天津卷单项选择）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions. A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing 考点02 动词时态、语态与主谓一致（侧重语态） 1.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空） Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ______ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 2.（2024年浙江卷1月语法填空）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 3.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）What should ________（do）with such a beautiful place? 4.（2023年浙江卷1月）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 5.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 6.（2023年全国乙卷语法填空）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 7.(2022年新高考I卷语法填空) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$