职教高考英语专题复习（三）--形容词

职教高考专题复习（三）--形容词 知识链接 形容词是指修饰名词和部分代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。 (一)形容词的作用与位置 1.形容词在句中作定语时： (1)形容词一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。如: The girl is a good student. 这个女孩是个好学生。 It is an interesting film. 那是一场有趣的电影。 (2)形容词修饰不定代词 something, any-thing, everything, nothing 等时,放在不定代词的后面。如： There is nothing serious. 没有什么严重的事情。 I have something important to do. 我有重要的事情要做。 (3)两个或多个形容词修饰一个名词，它们的次序比较固定，通常是与名词关系密切的形容词靠近名词，其结构为： 限定词+评议性形容词+描述性形容词(大小+长短+高矮+形状+年龄+新旧+颜色+国籍 +材料+作用+类别等)。如： a big red hat 一顶大的红帽子 a useful small brown wooden box 一个有用的棕色小木盒 all the ten strong young Chinese students所有10个年轻力壮的中国学生 联想记忆：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房 (4)形容词短语要放在其所修饰的名词之后。 如: There are shelves full of books in the li-brary.图书馆里的书架上摆满了书。 (5)与数词和量词一起构成表示时间、空间单位的，加上连词符构成的复合形容词，则要放在其所修饰的名词之前，且复合形容词中的名词必须用单数形式。如： She is an eighteen-year-old girl. 她是一个 18岁的女孩。 2.形容词作表语时与系动词be, grow, get,become(变得), feel, look, smell, taste, sound(感官动词), keep(保持)等连用。如: This university is so beautiful. 这所大学真是美极了。 He looks happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。 It became dark.天色暗了下来。 有些形容词只可以作表语。如以a开头的形容词:alone, asleep, awake, afraid, alike, alive等。如: The man is alone in his room. 那个男的独自待在房间里。 The little boy is asleep.小男孩睡着了。 3.形容词作状语可表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。如： He got home finally, cold and hungry. 他终于到家了，又冷又饿。 4.形容词可用作宾语补足语。如： His explanation made me angry. 他的解释使我很生气。 He thought the text very interesting. 他认为这篇课文很有趣。 5.许多及物动词的现在分词和过去分词可用作形容词，并且具有主动或被动含义。即现在分词演变而来的形容词具有主动含义，常用来修饰事物，可表正在……的，过去分词演变而来的形容词具有被动含义，常用来修饰人，可表已经……的。如： You look so excited.你看起来很兴奋。 Do you have any exciting plans fortheweekend? 你周末有什么令人兴奋的计划吗? The result is very satisfying. 结果非常令人满意。 The result made everyone satisfied. 这个结果让每个人都满意。 China is a developing country, whiletheUSA is a developed country.中国是个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。 8.“the+形容词”可以表示一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语等。表示一类人时，看作复数名词，谓语动词要用复数。如: the old 老人, the young 年轻人, the rich富人, the blind 盲人, the disabled 残疾人,thesick 病人, the unemployed失业者等。 The old are taken good care of inourcountry.在我们国家老年人受到很好的照顾。 We should try our best to find the good, the beautiful and the true. 我们应该努力去寻找真、善、美。 9.某些形容词和数量短语的用法如下： (1)只用于不可数名词的： much许多, little 几乎没有,a little 一些, less 较少,a great amount of 大量的,asmallamount of少量的,a great(good) deal of大量的。 (2)只用于可数名词的： many许多, few 几乎没有,a few 一些, several 几个,a great(good) many 大量,a great(good, large) number of 大量的。 (3)可数和不可数名词都可以的： a lot of, lots of 许多, more 更多, most 大多数, plenty of许多, some一些,a quantity of大量的, quantities of大量的。 (二)形容词的比较等级 1.英语中形容词的比较等级有三个，即原级、比较级和最高级。 (1)原级，即原形，表示同级比较，程度相同，意为“和⋯⋯一样⋯⋯”,结构有 as⋯⋯as, not so(as)⋯as。如: He is as tall as I.他和我一样高。 He doesn't run so fast as Tom.他没有汤姆跑得快。 原级的修饰词可以用very, too, so,quite/rather/pretty。 (2)将程度不同的二者进行比较，即表示“比……更(还)……”时用比较级, 常用“比较级+than”结构。如: Oil is lighter than water.油比水轻。 Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜于雄辩。 比较级的修饰词可以用much,a little, abit,alot, even, far等。 (3)表示“最……”时用最高级。如: She is the tallest in our classroom. 在我们班她是最高的。 最高级后常加表示范围的词如in，of，among等。 2.形容词的比较级和最高级通过词形变化来表示，有规则变化和不规则变化之分。 (1)形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化形式 大多数单音节形容词和少数双音节形容词通常在词尾加-er，-est 构成比较级和最高级，其余的双音节形容词和多音节形容词要在词前加 more、most构成比较级和最高级，且形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，如下表: 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 大多数单音节形容词和少数 ow,-ble,-le结尾的双音节形容词 ①一般在词尾直接加-er或-est high高的 small小的 clever聪明的 higher smaller cleverer the highest the smallest the cleverest ②以-e结尾的在词后加-r或-st late晚的 nice美好的 simple 简单的 later nicer simpler the latest the nicest the simplest ③以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词， 要双写这个辅音字母， 再加-er或-est big大的 thin瘦的 bigger thinner the biggest the thinnest ④以辅音字母+y结尾的词要改 y为i,再加-er或-est heavy重的 happy高兴的 heavier happier the heaviest the happiest 多音节词和大部分双音节词要在词前加more或most interesting有趣的 beautiful 漂亮的 important重要的 more interesting more beautiful more important the most interesting the most beautiful the most important 巧记顺口溜： 需要双写辅音字母再加-er 或-est 构成比较级或最高级常见的形容词有： 大(big—bigger——biggest)、 红(red—redder—reddest)、 肥(fat—fatter—fattest)、 瘦(thin——thinner——thinnest) 湿(wet—wetter—wettest)、 热(hot—hotter——hottest)、 难受(sad—sadder——saddest) (2)有些形容词的比较等级变化是不规则的，如下表： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well好的 better best bad/ill不好的、坏的 worse worst many/much许多的 more most little 少的 less least far 远的 farther较远的 further进一步的 farthest最远的 furthest最大程度的 old老的 older 较老/旧的 elder年长的(仅用兄妹间) oldest 最老/旧的 eldest年龄最大的(仅用兄妹间) 3.比较级常用结构： (1) as+adj./adv.原级+as“和⋯⋯一样” 。其否定形式:not as/so+adj./adv.原级+as “和……不一样” 。 【注意】否定句中前一个 as可换用so，而肯定句中只能用as。如： Bob runs as fast as I. 鲍勃和我跑得一样快。 Our garden isn't as/so beautiful astheirs.我们的花园不如他们的漂亮。 (2)倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as“和⋯⋯的几倍一样”。 如： This room is twice as big as yours. 这个房间是你们的房间的两倍大。 (3) less+原级+than, “不如…” 。如: This story is less interesting than thatone.这个故事不如那个有趣儿。 (4) no less than /no more than 意思是“不亚 于⋯⋯” 、 “和⋯⋯⋯一样” 、 “只不过……” 。如: No less than 1,000 people are here. 这里多达1000 人。 He has no more than $100. 他只有 100美元。 (5) the+比较级, the+比较级,表示“越………,越………” ,或“越………,就越………” 。如: The harder you work, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你学习得越认真，你犯的错误就会越少。 The more you listen to English, the easi-er it becomes. 你英语听得越多，它就变得越容易。 (6)比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越………” 。如: The world's population is growing faster and faster.世界人口增长越来越快。 He studies more and more carefully. 他学习得越来越认真。 (7) the+比较级+of the two...,“两者之中较………的一个” 。如: Jack is the younger of the two boys. 杰克是两个男孩中较年轻的一个。 (8)比较级+than+any other+名词单数表示最高级，意为“比其他任何一个都………”。如： She works harder than any other studentinthe class.她比班上任何人学习都努力。 (9) The+比较级of+两者,两者中比较………的那个。如： He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中比较高的那个。 (10)疑问词+be+the+最高级。如: Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? 太阳、月球和地球哪个最大? (11) the+序数词+最高级结构表示“第几………” 。如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 (12) one of the+最高级+名词复数结构表示 “最……之一” 。如: Shanghai is one of the biggest cities intheworld.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。 (13)最高级用于三者或三者以上相比较，通常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如： China is one of the largest countries intheworld.中国是世界上最大的国家之一。 He is the tallest of the three. 他是三个人中最高的。 1.(2022·春考真题) Young people are en-couraged to take an part in sports. A. act B. active C. action D. activity 2.(2021·春考真题) The more seriously you take the job, progress you will make. A. great B. greater C. the greater D. the greatest 3.(2021·春考真题) There is more space in the high speed train and the journey become more . A. bored B. careless C. disappointed D. comfortable 4. Don't stare at your phone all day. It's to your eyes. A. harmful B. useful C. helpful D. thankful 5. If you want to speak fluent English, you'd better speak English as as you can. A. many B. much C. soon D. more 6. He is much than he used to be. A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully 7. When the Spring comes. The day becomes and the night becomes A. long;short B. long;shorter C. shorter;long D. shorter;longer 8.—Do the twins look the same? ——No, Jane is taller than Claire. A. little B. much C. more D. a few 9. You don’ t look . You must be ill. A. good B. well C. health D. nice 10. He wasn't to join the army. A. enough old B. much old C. so old D. old enough 11. When we heard the news ，we were all . A. surprising;surprised B. surprised;surprising C. surprised;surprised D. surprising;surprising 12. are the future of our country. A. Young B. The young man C. The young D. The young student 13.—Mike plays the drums so wonderfully! —Of course. He is than any other student in his class. A. talented B. more talented C. less talented D. the most talented 14. The we do for other people, the we will be. A. much;happier B. more;happy C. more;happier D. most;happiest 15. Monday was my day in this week. A. the busiest B. busier C. busiest D. most busy 16.——Is Weiqi a popular chess game? —Yes. It's getting popular.Many people like it. A. much and more B. more and much C. more and more D. most and most 17. This book is that one, but than that one. A. as difficult as;expensive B. as more difficult as;more expensive C. as difficult as;more expensive D. more difficult as;as expensive 18. Our library is theirs. A. twice as large as B. as twice large as C. as large as twice D. as large twice as 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$