Unit 5 Languages Around the World 语法关系副词引导的定语从句讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

必修一Unit5 语法 关系副词引导的定语从句 1. 关系副词引导的定语从句 (1)when的用法 when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time, day , morning, night, week , year等表示时间的名词。 There was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds , moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.曾有一段时间,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿 的歌唱、月光抑或是花朵都不能令我着迷。 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园举行的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能比现在好。 温馨提示： 先行词是表示时间的词时,关系词是否用when,还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。 We still remember the days when we spent our holiday together.我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状语) We still remember the days ( that/which) we spent together.我们仍然记得我们一起度过的那些日子。(that/which在从句中作宾语) (2)where 的用法 where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place， spot, street, house ,room,city，town，country等表示地点的名词或 point(地步),case(情况),situation(情形),position(位置),stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。 The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theatre is preparing to close down.这部电影以一座小镇为背景,这座小镇唯一的电影院即将倒闭。 They went to the Royal Theatre , where they saw an interesting play.他们去了皇 家剧院,在那里看了一场有趣的戏剧。 What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication? 在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式? 温馨提示： 先行词是表示地点的词时,关系词是否用where,还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。 This is the house where we visited the famous writer last year.去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where在从句中作地点状语) The house (that/which) we visited last year is over 500 years old.我们去年参观的那个房子有500多年的历史了。(that/which在从句中作宾语) (3)why的用法 why 指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason,why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。 I have come around to explain the reason why ( = for which)I was absent from the meeting.我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。 温馨提示： 先行词是 reason时,关系词是否用why,还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。 This is the reason why he was late.这就是他迟到的原因。(why 在从句中作原因状语) Please tell me the reason (that/which ) he explained to you.请告诉我他向你解释的原因。(that/which在从句中作宾语) (4)the way 作先行词 首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。 (1) 如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用关系代词that 或which。 The way ( that/which ) he thought of to solve the problem was not practical.他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际。 (2) 如果关系词在定语从句中作状语,则用关系词in which ,that 或省略。 This is the way ( that/in which) he learns English.这就是他学习英语的方法。 2. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1) 在这种结构中,关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物)。 It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.那是在1952年,曼德拉当时是一位黑人律师,我向他寻求建议。 I'll never forget the day on which ( = when) I first met you.我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。 This is the town in which ( =where ) Shakespeare was born.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。 I forgot the exact place to which ( = where ) I had paid a visit.我忘记了我已经参观过的确切地点。 There's no reason for which ( =why) we can betray our friends.我们没有理由背叛朋友。 I’d like you to explain the reason for which ( =why) you were absent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。 联想拓展: “名词/代词/数词/最高级+of +关系代词”结构 比如:none/some/several/a few/many/more/most/two/the biggest of which/ whom 等。 The journey around the world would take the sailors nine months , the sailing time of which ( = of which the sailing time ) was 226 days.环游世界花费了水手们九个月的时间,其中航行时间是226天。 Here are the questions, none of which ( = of which none) I thought are difficult for you.就是这些问题,我认为对你来说没有一个是困难的。 Present at the meeting were almost experts on AI,most of whom ( = of whom most) were male.出席会议的大都是人工智能方面的专家，其中大部分是男性。 (2)关系代词前介词的选用 ①依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。 Close friends are those to whom you feel so close that it is hard to imagine life without them.密友就是那些你感到如此亲近的人,以至于你无法想象没有他们的生活。( feel close to ) Charity is the cause to which he is devoted.慈善是他挚爱的事业。(be devoted to ) ②依据与先行词的搭配来确定。 This is the farm on which he works.这就是他工作的农场。(on the farm ) ③根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气,离开了它我们不能生存。 温馨提示： 有些“动词(+名词)+介词”的固定搭配,如 look for, look after, call on, take care of 等,不能把介词提到关系代词前。 My youngest brother, after whom I have to look, is very naughty.(x) My youngest brother, whom I have to look after, is very naughty.(√) 3. 使用定语从句应该注意的问题 (1)定语从句中的主谓一致问题 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致。下面是定语从句在实际运用中需要注意的几个主谓一致的问题: ①作先行词时,定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致。 I, who am your teacher, will try to solve all kinds of questions.我作为你的老师,会尽力解决各种各样的问题。 ②当关系代词as 或which 指代整个主句,且作从句的主语时,从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.众所周知，中国已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。 ③当“one of + the(+形容词最高级)+复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词,从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。 The Summer Palace is one of the world-famous places of interest that draw lots of visitors.颐和园是吸引着大批游客的世界名胜之一。 The Lord of the Rings is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.《指环王》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。 温馨提示： 当“the only one of +the(+形容词最高级)+复数名词”位于关系词前时,定语从句的先行词是the only one,从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。 This is the only one of the songs in the album that is sung in English.这是这张专辑中唯一一首英文歌曲。 Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.在这些最精彩的电影中,《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部好莱坞制作的影片。 (2)from where , since/until/by when也可以引导定语从句 He stood on top of the hill, from where he could see the Yangtze River.他站在山顶上,从那里他能看到长江。(from where =from which place) The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has seen great changes.这本书著于1946年,从那时起教育体制发生了重大变化。( since/until/by when = since/until/by which time ) 闯关训练1 一、用适当的关系副词填空。 1.There was a time_______my little brother got crazy about playing computer games. 2.We are living in an age_______many things are done on computer. 3. Do you know the reason_______he got angry? 4.The company_______ I am working employs more than 7,100 people. 5. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______they live. 6. Do you still remember those occasions _______we walked and talked in the park? 7. Today, we'll discuss a number of cases_______beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 闯关训练2 一、用“介词+关系代词”填空。 1.Gun control is a subject _______Americans have argued for a long time. 2.We must work even harder during the coming winter holiday and never forget that we are part of the school _______the name is Guangming Senior High School. 3. In our class there are 46 students,_______half wear glasses. 4.The pen_______he is writing is mine. 5.He bought a book yesterday,the writer_______is a teacher. 6. I don't think the number of the people _______this happens is very large. 7. In the street, there wasn't a single person _______she could turn for help. 8.The way_______Miss Liu teaches English is quite different from Miss Zhao's. 闯关训练3 对比训练:在空白处填入适当的内容或括内单词的正确形式。 1.①This is one of the most interesting films that_______(be) shown last week. ②This is the only one of the most interesting films that_______(be) shown last week. 2. ①He has two sons, both of_______are college students. ②He has two sons, and both of_______are college students. 3.①He still lives in the room_______ window faces east. ②He still lives in the room, the window of _______faces east. ③He still lives in the room_______ is on the third floor. ④He still lives in the room _______there is a beautiful table. 4.①After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______urgently needed clean water and medicine. ②After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______clean water and medicine were needed. 5.①A housing bubble is an economic situation _______occurs when house prices rise much too fast. ②It's helpful to put children in a situation _______they can see themselves differently. 6. ①Ill never forget the days _______we studied together. ②I'll never forget the days _______we spent together. 7. ①This is the only way _______you can find. ②I don't like the way_______ he spoke to his mother. 8.①Is this museum_______they visited last month? ②Is this the museum_______they visited last month? ③Is this the museum _______they paid a visit last month? 9.① It was 10 o'clock_______ they went out of the cinema. ②It was at 10 o'clock _______they went out of the cinema. 答案： 闯关训练1 1.when 句意为:有一段时间,我的小弟弟对玩电脑游戏很着迷。a time 是先行词,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。 2.when 句意为:我们生活在一个可以在电脑上做许多事情的时代。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是an age,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。 3.why 句意为:你知道他为什么生气吗?the reason 作先行词,定语从句缺少原因状语,应用why引导。故填why。 4.where句意为:我工作的那家公司雇用了七千一百多人。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为The company,关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语,故填 where。 5.where 句意为:现在人们更关心他们居住的环境。 they live 是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是the environment,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填 where。 6.when 句意为:你还记得我们在公园里散步聊天的那些时候吗?_______we walked and talked in the park是限制性定语从句,先行词those occasions 意为“时候”,表示时间。关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。 7.where句意为:今天,我们将讨论一些初学者不能正确使用英语的情形。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为a number of cases , cases为表抽象地点的名词,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,应用where引导定语从句,故填where。 闯关训练2 1. over/about which先行词是subject,指物,argue为不及物动词,关系词在从句中作介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句的动词构成搭配 argue over/about sth。 2. of which of which the name = the name of which = whose name,故用of which。 3. of whom 定语从句的主语可还原为half of the students,因而使用of whom。 4. with which根据搭配write with the pen 可知,应使用with which。 5. of which 1 book 是先行词,指物,还原到定语从句中为the writer of the book。故用 of which。 6.to whom ] people 是先行词,指人,还原到定语从句中为this happens to the people,故用to whom。 7. to whom person是先行词,还原到定语从句中为she could turn to the person for help. turn to sb. for help是固定搭配,意为“求助于某人”。关系代词whom 指代person。 8. in which way 是先行词,还原到定语从句中作状语,关系词有三种情况:that/in which/不填。 闯关训练3 1.①were关系词前有 one of the most interesting films,定语从句先行词为 films,谓语动词要用复数。 ②was 先行词为the only one,因此定语从句中谓语动词用单数。 2.①whom逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为two sons,设空处前有介词of，因此用whom 指代先行词。 ②them 本句为并列句,因而第二个并列分句主语应是both of them , them 指代 two sons。 3.①whose 先行词为the room,代人定语从句中从句的主语变为the room's window，因此用whose。 ②which逗号后为非限制性定语从句,介词后指物用which。③which/that先行词为 the room,关系词在定语从句中作主语,因此用which/that。 ④where/in which 先行词为the room,代人定语从句后为there is a beautiful table in the room，设空处充当地点状语,因此用关系副词 where,也可用in which。 4.①who/and 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,根据语境可知,先行词为people,故用who。who 指代主句中的people。也可填and,连接两个并列谓语,主语都为 people。 ②where/in which先行词为area,代人定语从句后为clean water and medicine were needed in that area，从句中缺少地点状语,因此用where/in which。 5.①which/that先行词为situation,设空处在从句中充当主语，因此用which/that。 ②where/in which先行词为situation,设空处在从句中充当地点状语,因此使用where,也可使用in which。 6.①when 或 during/in which先行词为the days,设空处在定语从句中充当时间状语,因此用when，也可用during/in which。②which/that先行词为the days,设空处在定语从句中充当 spent 的宾语。因此用which/that或省略关系词。 7.①that 先行词为way,有the only修饰,设空处在定语从句中充当宾语,因此不能使用which,而用that , that 还可省略。 ②in which/that先行词为the way,设空处在定语从句中充当方式状语,关系词可用in which/that或省略关系词。 8. ①the one疑问句转换成陈述句为This museum is they visited last month.。定语从句中缺少先行词。 ②which/that先行词为the museum,设空处在定语从句中充当visited 的宾语,关系词可用which/that ,也可省略。③to which pay a visit to...为固定搭配。 9.①when/at which先行词为表示时间的名词,从句中缺少时间状语,故用when引导定语从句。也可用at which。 ②that 本句为强调句。去掉It was和设空处后剩余部分仍为一个完整的句子。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$