专题03 阅读理解C篇- 备战2025年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考通用）

专题03 阅读理解C篇（说明文） 考情概览：解读近年命题思路和内容要求，统计真题考查情况。 2024年真题研析：分析命题特点，探寻常考要点，真题分类精讲。 近年真题精选：分类精选近年真题，把握命题趋势。 必备知识速记：归纳串联解题必备知识，总结易错易混点。 名校模拟探源：精选适量名校模拟题，发掘高考命题之源。 【考查要点】 试卷所选阅读语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境。阅读素材，考查整体阅读与深度阅读的能力，需要从头到尾理解文章，而不单单从字面搜寻信息。2024年新课标I卷阅读理解C篇主题语境为人与自我，谈论学习方面。语篇内容是纸质阅读相比于数字阅读更有利于理解和记忆，而音频和视频尽管更具吸引力，但在信息记忆上不如文字阅读。引导学生认识不同媒介在学习中的不同作用，从而选择最有效的学习方式。2024年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇主题语境为人与社会，谈论科学技术方面。语篇内容是巴比伦微型农场(BMF)利用云技术进行远程监控和自动化操作，能为家庭和大型机构提供新鲜蔬菜，践行了可持续发展理念引导学生了解巴比伦微型农场在缩短食物运输路程、节约水资源、避免化学物质的使用等方面的创新，同时引导学生要提高环保意识，为保护环境贡献自己的力量。 【课标链接】 依据新课程标准阅读理解部分试题考查的就是对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解和推断能力。深入考查基础语言知识旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语言知识，了解基础文化知识；引导学生深入学习和理解语篇所表达的主题意义，养成一定的语言意识和英语语感。 命题分析 2024年新课标I卷阅读C篇是一篇说明文，这篇文章主要讲了在阅读方面，纸质书相比电子书，音频，视频在信息的吸收，专注度，参与度方面都要胜出不少，为了支撑这个论点，作者用了很多理论和实证来支撑自己的观点。主要考查学生细节理解能力、词义猜测能力和推理判断能力；细节理解题1题，词义猜测1题、推理判断题2题。2024年新课标II卷阅读C篇，本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了巴比伦微农场提供室内种植系统，通过云技术远程监控，减少种植植物所需的水量，实践可持续性，减少碳排放。主要考查学生细节理解能力和推理判断能力、词义猜测能力。细节理解题2道题，推理判断题1道，主旨大意题1道。 试题精讲 （2024·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇） Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，这篇文章主要讲了在阅读方面，纸质书相比电子书，音频，视频在信息的吸收，专注度，参与度方面都要胜出不少，为了支撑这个论点，作者用了很多理论和实证来支撑自己的观点。 原文出处 本文来自美利坚大学语言学教授 Naomi S. Baron（ 内奥米· ·S. 巴伦）的一篇名为 Why we remember more by reading – especially print – than from audio or video 的文章 https://librarylearningspace.com/why-we-remember-more by-reading-especially-print-than-from-audio-or-video/ 语言知识 重难单词 comprehension n 理解（力）；onscreen adv 在屏幕上；view v [ 名词动化] 看 看； ；contentn 内容； ；cover v [ 熟词生义] 涉及，处理；factor n 因素；concentration n 专心 ，专注 ；entertainment n 消遣，娱乐；multitask v 同时执行多项任务；consume v 消费， 消耗；confirm v 证实；print n [熟词生义] 印刷品 ，出版物；experimenter n 实验员；pose v [ 熟词生义] 提出；identify v 识别，找到；mental adj 思考的， 思想的 ， 精神的；abstraction n 抽象；physical adj 物理（ 学 ）的；property n [ 熟词生义] 性质， 特性；literal adj 确确实实的，真实的；visual adj 视觉的；geography n [ 熟词生义] 布局；distinct adj 不同的；aspect n 方面；propose v 提出；shallow v 变浅；approach v 处理，对待； serious adj 严肃的， 需认真思考的；engaging adj 有吸引力的，有趣的；say v [ 熟词生义] 比方说；assign v 布置 ；demonstrate v 证明； ；identical adj 完全相同的； ；piece n [ 熟词生义] 文章， 报道；role n [ 熟词生义] 作用；available adj 可获得的；maximize v 使增加到最大限度，使最大化；reflection n 反思，深思；assume v 认为，假定，假设；randomly adv 随机地； ；informative adj 提供有用信息的 imply v 暗指；apply v 运用；multiple adj 多种的；technique n 技巧；produce v 制作 重难词块 the written word 书面文字；relate to 涉及，与 …… 相关 ；a variety of 各种各样的； ；a tendency to do sth 做某事的倾向； shine through 表 现 明 显 ； draw inferences from 从 …… 中推断出结论；be related to 与 与 …… 有关； ；physical properties 物理特性； ；along with与 … 一起； ；link … to ...将 …… 同 …… 联系起来； ；(be) suited to 适合 ……； mental effort 脑力， 心力； in print 已刊印， 已出版；mental focus 精神集中；call for 需要；treat sth lightly 对待某事持轻松的态度； hold sb’s attention 保持某人的注意力； develop advanced skills 培养高级技能 长难句分析 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 句意为：当实验人员从提出简单的任务， 如找到阅读文章的主旨， ， 转向需要抽象思维的任务，如从文本中推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 本中句中 when 引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为 move，like identifying the main idea in a reading passage 和 such as drawing inferences from a text 分别补充说明 simple tasks 和 ones that require mental abstraction。 According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 句意为：根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。suited to social media 作后置定语修饰 mindset，which引导的非限词 制性定语从句，修饰先行词 social media，and 连接主句并列的谓语 approach 和devote。 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 （2024·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 9. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 10. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 11. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 一种室内花园系统—— 巴比伦微农场（BMF），它不仅能为家庭和大型机构提供新鲜蔬菜，还能利用云技术远程监控和自动化操作，促进了可持续性和环保。 原文出处 https://inhabitat.com/these-micro-farms-put-a-new-spin-to-farm-to-table/ 语言知识 重难单词 cover v [ 熟词生义]走完（一段路程）；solid adj [ 熟词生义]可靠的； shorten v （ 使 ）变短 （short + -en）；additionally adv [ 句子副词] 此外； innovative adj 创新的（innovate +-ive）； reliable adj 可靠的（rely + -able）； specifically adv [ 句子副词] 确切地说；remotely adv 远程地； monitor v [名词动化] 监控， 监测； real time n 实时；automated adj 自动化的；moreover adv [ 句子副词] 此外；sustainability n 可持续性（sustainable + -ity）；single-use adj 一次性的； availability n 可用性（available + -ity） 重难词块 when it comes to 说到 ……；fresh greens 新鲜青菜；live out 实践 ， 践行； be passionate about 热衷于；be devoted to 对 …… 全身心投入 长难句分析 Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. 句意为：此外，在同一楼内的这一系统（从种植到食用）意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。 having a system in the same building 为动名词短语 作主语，where it’s eaten 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 building，means 为句子谓语。 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 【1】（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇） The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 重点词汇： 1. minimalism 2. philosophy 3. foundation 4. increasingly 5. intolerable 6. conclude 7. adopt 8. optional9. massive 10. encounter 11. sustainable 12. leisure 13. mindless 14. toolbox 15. minimalist 16. particular 17. circumstance 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 原文出处 Digital Minimalism_ Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World [2019] -- Cal Newport 语言知识 词汇默写 1. minimalism 2. philosophy 3. foundation 4. increasingly 5. intolerable 6. conclude 7. adopt 8. optional 9. massive 10. encounter 11. sustainable 12. leisure 13. mindless 14. toolbox 15. minimalist 16. particular 17. circumstance 词汇答案 1. minimalism n. (艺术)极简主义 2. philosophy n. 哲学；哲理 3. foundation n. 根基；基础；根据；创建；基金(会) 4. increasingly adv. 逐渐地；越来越多地 5. intolerable adj. 无法忍受的；难耐的 6. conclude vt. 推断出；缔结；使结束vi. 结束；总结；作决定；作协议 7. adopt v. 采用；收养；接受 8. optional adj. 任选的 9. massive adj. 巨大的；大量的；大规模的；大范围的；严重的 10. encounter n. 意外的相见；邂逅；遭遇v. 遭遇；遇到；偶然碰到 11. sustainable adj. 可持续的；合理利用的；养得起的；可承受的 12. leisure n. 闲暇；休闲 13. mindless adj. 不留神的；不顾虑的；无需动脑的；愚蠢的 14. toolbox n. 工具箱 15. minimalist n. 最低限要求者 16. particular adj. 特定的；专指的；特殊的；特别的；挑剔的n. 详情；细节 17. circumstance n. 环境；详情；事件；(复数)境况 重点短语 1. divide sth into 把……分为 2. move on 接着，继续 3. step away from 远离 4. carry out施行；实现 5. draw on凭借；动用；引用 6. take a closer look at深度探索 长难句分析 1. The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. 句意为：这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学。 句型分析：该句式简单句，主干为“The goal of this book is to…, and then to teach…”,其中“including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works”非谓语动词结构是对前面的名词“digital minimalism”进行补充说明。 2. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 句意为：在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先检查了使如此多的人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量，然后进入了数字极简主义哲学的详细讨论。 句型分析：句子主干为“I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism”，其中starting非谓语结构为伴随状语，定语从句“that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable”修饰名词forces，“before moving on to”作为时间状语。 3. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 句意为：在三十天结束时，你将添加一小部分精心挑选的在线活动，你相信这些活动会给你所珍视的东西带来巨大的好处 句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“you will then add back online activities”，其中定语从句“that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.”修饰前面的名词activities。 4. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 句意为：在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理。 句型分析：这是复合句，其中句子主干为“I’ll draw on an experiment”，其中定语从句“I ran in 2018”省略了引导词that，修饰experiment ，另一个定语从句“in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.”同样修饰experiment，表示在这个实验中…… 5. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 句意为：您将听到这些参与者的故事，并了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的哪些陷阱您应该避免。 句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn”，其中and连接两个宾语从句“what strategies worked well for them”和“what traps they encountered that you should avoid”，都作learn的宾语。 6. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. 句意为：每一章都以一系列实践作为结尾，这些实践旨在帮助您实现本章的宏伟构想。 句型分析：该句为复合句，主干为“Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices,”，其中非限制性定语从句“which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter”修饰前面的名词practices。 7. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 句意为：你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。 句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为You can view these practices as a toolbox，其中“meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle”非谓语结构为目的状语，定语从句“that words for your particular circumstances”修饰前面的名词lifestyle。 【答案】28.B 29.A 30.C 31.A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后 如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活 动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)” 可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助 你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部 分中提及的实践。故选A。 【2】（2023·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 29. What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. 30 What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. 全文大意 《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品的庆祝——书籍，它在来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品中均有体现。读者的形象在历史上始终存在，即使在我们现在所熟知的书籍问世之前，艺术家们就已经以书籍和阅读为题材进行创作。在艺术家们对书籍和阅读的描绘中，我们可以看到超越文化和时代的共享人性的瞬间。 在这本"书中之书"中，艺术作品被精选并以一种强调不同时代和文化之间联系的方式进行编排。我们可以看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，书籍成为代表不同代际关系的焦点。成年人在许多场景和姿势中被描绘成独自一人——沉浸在一本书中，深思或陶醉于休闲的时刻。这些场景可能绘制于几百年前，但记录了我们都能产生共鸣的瞬间。 书籍本身在绘画中可以被象征性地使用，以展示主题的才智、财富或信仰。在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍就是珍贵的物品，本身可以成为艺术品。最近，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可以随意丢弃，艺术家们将它们作为艺术品的原材料——将封面、页码甚至整本书转化为绘画和雕塑。 通信技术的不断发展曾一度被认为使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看，印刷书肯定是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有交互性。为了发挥其功能，书籍必须由使用者激活：打开封面，翻开页面，审阅内容，也许写下笔记或划线。与我们日益网络化的生活形成对比的是，我们消费的信息受到监控和追踪，而印刷书仍然提供了一个完全私密的、"脱机"的活动机会。 语言知识 词汇默写 1.representation 2. shared 3. humanity 4. selected 5. emphasize 6.portray 7. absorbed 8.volume 9. symbolically 10.demonstrate 11. intellect 12. faith 13. treasured 14. inexpensive 15.throwaway 16. raw 17. transform 18. sculpture 19 .outdated 20. interactive 21. battery-powered 22.activate 23. increasingly 24.consume 25. monitor 26.track 27. wholly 28. networked 词汇答案 1.代表, 描述 2.共享的，共同的 3.人性 4.被挑选，精选的 5.强调 6.描绘 7. 被吸引，专注于 8.卷 9.象征性地 10.展示 11.智力 12.信仰 13.珍贵的 14.廉价的 15.可随意丢弃的 16.原始的 17.转变 18.雕塑 19.过时的 20.互动的 21.电池驱动的 22.激活 23.越来越多 24.消费 25. 监控 26.跟踪 27.完全 28. 网络化的 重点短语 1. around the world 全世界 2 came into being 产生 3. relate to 涉及，和...有关 4.in contrast to 与...形成对照 5 come into being 出现，存在 6 go beyond sth 超过（或超出）某事；7. (be)absorbed in sth 被•…吸引住，全神贯注 8. deep in thought 陷入沉思 9. be lost in 陷入⋯⋯10. printing press 11. work of art 艺术品 12 in one’ s own right 凭借自身的资格 13.raw material 原材料，素材；14 communication technology 通信技术 15 point of view 观点，看 长难句分析 1.Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. 句意为：《阅读艺术：献给书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一个日常物品——书籍的庆祝，这里用来代表该书籍的是来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品。 句型分析：主语：Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers谓语：is 表语a celebration of an everyday object — the book。 “represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world” 为过去分词做定语修饰the book。 1. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being． 句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就己 展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。 句型分析：主语The image谓语appears. “throughout history”和 “in art ...” 作状语，made long before books came into being 作后置定语，修饰 art; as we now know them 为插入语。 2. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks - transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. 句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们己经将书籍用作艺术品的 原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。本句为主从复合句，主句的主语 artists 谓语have used 宾语them 介词短语as the raw material for art work做状语 so as 引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词-ing 短语作伴随状语。 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。 【3】（2022·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇） The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 28. What is the purpose of the project? A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。 【30题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。 【4】（2022·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene. 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 31. What is a suitable title for the text? A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers. D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer- 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 【解析】【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。 【30题详解】 词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。 【5】（2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals. 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。 【6】（2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.” The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children. Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools." Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries." 28. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money? A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools. C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians. 29. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools? A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income. C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention. 30. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama? A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills. C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. C 31. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段Craig-Martin 说的话“Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.（Andria的把各个领域的艺术学家请到学校教学这个聪明的项目很受学生欢迎，在学校忽视艺术教育的时期。把艺术看出不必要是错误的。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学不应该被忽视，而应该被重视。故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。 分析近几年的高考试题，可以发现阅读理解C篇考查说明文为主，但是每年的话题侧重点不同，如：2023年新课标I卷阅读C篇文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。2023年新课标II卷阅读C篇，文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。2022·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇，主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目；2022·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇，为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机；2021·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇，讲述了美国鸭票的故事，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽；2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇，文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。试题设置考点以推理判断为主，其次是词义猜测、细节理解。对于2025年高考C篇预测，很可能仍然会是说明文为主，话题可能涉及到科技、环保、生物等主题相关，需重点关注这些方面内容信息。 【1】【2024届全国新课改省区高三第二次学业质量评价(T8联考) 英语试题】 If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work? And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface? The second question is easier to answer: a lot. Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule (分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur. But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice? That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze. Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions (氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water. Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst. 8. What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2? A. To introduce the topic. B. To give some evidence. C. To define the phenomenon. D. To reveal the misconception. 9. How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing? A. By lowering the temperature. B. By melting and splitting itself. C. By lining up to form a solid structure. D. By stopping the formation of the structure. 10. What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Concentrations. B. Weights. C. Qualities. D. Salts. 11. What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about? A. Other salts won’t disturb local ecology. B. Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels. C. Many alternatives are available to solve the problem. D. Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在冬天通过在路面撒盐来缓解雪后因道路结冰而造成的交通安全问题，并就此问题所带来的环境问题进行科普。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear.”（盐不会直接融化冰，也不会让雪消失。）以及第二句“Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.”（相反，它使水更不容易冻结，这种现象被称为冰点降低。）可知，第二段第一句的目的是揭示一个错误认知，纠正盐直接使雪和冰融化的错误想法。故选D项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.”（正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，从而发生冻结。）可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.”（北美湖泊中氯化物densities的增加可能会扰乱当地生态，并使饮用水源退化。）可知，氯离子的浓度增加会是当地生态系统受到干扰，并使饮用水源退化。所以划线词的意思是“浓度”。故选A项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段，尤其是“All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition…”（所有这些试验都是为了确保人们在任何天气条件下都能出行。）可知，本段主要阐述地方政府正在努力确保冰雪天气人们出行安全。故选B项。 【2】【2024届河南省高三下学期TOP二十名校质检一英语试题】 Sweden, a country often associated with its colder climate rather than winemaking, is experiencing a surprising transformation in its wine industry because of climate change. Traditionally, renowned wine-growing regions like France, Italy, and Spain have dominated the global wine market. However, rising temperatures and longer growing seasons in Sweden have brought an unexpected growth in the country’s wine production. Over the past 30 years, temperatures in the southern part of Sweden have risen by approximately 2℃ compared to the previous three decades. This increase has extended the growing season by approximately 20 days. While established winemaking regions face challenges such as droughts and extreme weather events. Sweden’s wine industry is thriving. Kullabergs Vingard is one of the wineries benefiting from these changes. Its expert winemaker, Felix Ahrberg, recognizes the negative impact of rising temperatures on vineyards in more traditional wine-producing countries. In contrast, he sees immense potential for the Swedish wine industry. Currently producing around 30,000 bottles per year. Kullabergs’ wines have received accolades and are sold in high end restaurants across Europe and Hong Kong. Interestingly, some French winemakers have chosen to settle in Sweden to pursue their grape cultivation (种植) and winemaking careers. Emma Berto, a French winemaker working at Thora Vingard, located near Ahrberg’s vineyard, highlights Sweden’s more predictable climate as a significant advantage compared to France. She says they also value the freedom and flexibility provided by Sweden’s less regulated winemaking sector, allowing for sustainable grape-growing practices such as reduced use of insecticides. In Sweden, there are several kinds of grapes from France, such as Chardonnay, Merlot and Pinot Noir. But Swedish winemakers primarily focus on cultivating Solaris grapes, a variety originating from Germany. However, they have also developed unique vineyard management techniques. For instance, in Sweden, leaves are often removed from the vines to ensure better sunlight exposure for the grapes, a practice that differs from the concerns about excessive sunlight exposure in countries like France and Spain. 8. What has contributed to the growth of Sweden’s wine industry? A. Longer growing seasons due to climate change. B. Much interest from consumers in Europe. C. Strict regulations in the winemaking sector. D. A more traditional way of winemaking. 9. What is a reason why some French winemakers settle in Sweden? A. Swedish wines are in high demand in France. B. France has banned winemaking due to climate change. C. Sweden’s colder climate benefits French grape varieties. D. Sweden offers more freedom and flexibility in winemaking. 10. What kind of grapes is mainly grown in Sweden? A. Merlot. B. Solaris. C. Pinot Noir. D. Chardonnay. 11. What do Swedish winemakers do to ensure better sunlight exposure for grapes? A. Removing leaves from the vines. B. Growing grapes without shelter. C. Providing artificial lighting at night. D. Using reflective surfaces to redirect sunlight. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞典因气候变化而意外迎来葡萄酒产业的蓬勃发展，传统葡萄酒生产国面临挑战，而瑞典却因此受益。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sweden, a country often associated with its colder climate rather than winemaking, is experiencing a surprising transformation in its wine industry because of climate change.(瑞典通常与寒冷的气候联系在一起，而不是与酿酒联系在一起。由于气候变化，瑞典的葡萄酒行业正经历着一场令人惊讶的转变)”和“However, rising temperatures and longer growing seasons in Sweden have brought an unexpected growth in the country’s wine production.(然而，瑞典的气温上升和生长季节延长给该国的葡萄酒产量带来了意想不到的增长)”可知，气候变化导致生长季节变长促成了瑞典葡萄酒产业的发展。故选A项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Interestingly, some French winemakers have chosen to settle in Sweden to pursue their grape cultivation (种植) and winemaking careers.(有趣的是，一些法国酿酒师选择在瑞典定居，以追求他们的葡萄种植和酿酒事业)”和“She says they also value the freedom and flexibility provided by Sweden’s less regulated winemaking sector, allowing for sustainable grape-growing practices such as reduced use of insecticides.(她说，他们还重视瑞典酿酒行业监管较少所提供的自由和灵活性，这使得可持续的葡萄种植实践得以实现，比如减少杀虫剂的使用)”可知，一些法国酿酒师定居瑞典的原因之一是瑞典在酿酒方面提供了更多的自由和灵活性。故选D项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But Swedish winemakers primarily focus on cultivating Solaris grapes, a variety originating from Germany.(但瑞典酿酒师主要专注于种植Solaris葡萄，这是一种原产于德国的葡萄品种)”可知，瑞典主要种植的葡萄是Solaris。故选B项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For instance, in Sweden, leaves are often removed from the vines to ensure better sunlight exposure for the grapes, a practice that differs from the concerns about excessive sunlight exposure in countries like France and Spain.(例如，在瑞典，人们通常会把葡萄藤上的叶子摘掉，以确保葡萄能更好地暴露在阳光下，这种做法与法国和西班牙等国对过度阳光照射的担忧不同)”可知，瑞典酿酒师通过除去藤蔓上的叶子来确保葡萄更好地暴露在阳光下。故选A项。 【3】【2024届湘豫名校联考高三下学期2月第一次模拟考试英语试题】 When talking to babies, humans slow down their speech, raise their pitch (音高) and change the “color” of their voice. This “baby talk”, as people know it, increases the baby’s attention and facilitates language learning. Among animals, mothers often engage in child-directed vocalizations (发声) too, but does this also imply voice changes? A team of scientists that included Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) researchers explored whether child-directed communication in bats resulted in vocalization changes. They focused on a bat called Saccopteryx bilineata, a common Central and South American species with a remarkable vocal skill. During their first three months of life, as S. bilineata pups (幼崽) start experimenting with their “speech”, female and male adult bats respond to them differently. Through sound recordings of their vocal interactions, the research team found that mother bats “babble” as they interact with pups, which could be interpreted as delightful feedback to pups during vocal practice. Much like human “baby talk”, the child-directed vocalizations of adult females presented a different “color” and pitch than the calls directed towards other adult bats. Male bats also communicated with the pups, but in a way that seemed to carry the “vocal signature” of their social group. “Pup isolation calls sound more similar to those of males from the same social group than to those of other males,” said Mirjam Knornschild, STRI research associate. “These results suggest that adult male vocalizations may serve as guidance for the development of group signatures in pup calls.” This is the first time that scientists describe a phenomenon that could resemble “baby talk” among bats, indicating that parent-offspring communication in bats is more complex than previous thought and opening new avenues for further research. “These results show that social feedback is important during vocal development, not only in humans but also in other vocal-learning species like Saccopteryx bilineata,” said Mirjam. “I believe that bats are a very promising species to investigate key shared features of language, such as the vocal learning ability, and that this study will inspire further studies in the biolinguistics field.” 8. What did the scientists aim to discover through their research? A. The vocal range of human voices. B. The best way to attract kids’ attention. C. The effects of “baby talk” on vocalization. D. The reason for bats’ gradual voice changes. 9. On what occasion does a mother bat “babble”? A. When she does not feel secure. B. When she is searching for food. C. When she has food to feed her pups. D. When she is happy to interact with pups. 10. What can we learn about bat pup calls from Paragraph 3? A. They have a higher pitch and changeable “color”. B. They sound more similar to those of their moms. C. They are mainly determined by their adult males. D. They are directed by female bats of the same group. 11. How does Mirjam view the role of social feedback on vocal development? A. Positively. B. Doubtfully. C. Cautiously. D. Critically. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。人类在同婴幼儿进行交流的时候，常使用baby talk这种方式。研究人员在对中南美洲的一种蝙蝠进行研究时，也有了同样的发现。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A team of scientists that included Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) researchers explored whether child-directed communication in bats resulted in vocalization changes.(包括史密森热带研究所（STRI）研究人员在内的一个科学家团队探讨了蝙蝠中以蝙蝠幼崽为导向的交流是否会导致发声变化)”可知，研究人员的目的是发现baby talk是否会导致蝙蝠群体的发声变化，即发现baby talk对发声的影响。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Through sound recordings of their vocal interactions, the research team found that mother bats “babble” as they interact with pups, which could be interpreted as delightful feedback to pups during vocal practice.(通过对蝙蝠声音互动的录音，研究小组发现，蝙蝠妈妈在与幼崽互动时会“咿呀学语”，这可以被解释为在声音练习过程中对幼崽的愉快反馈)”可知，当蝙蝠妈妈与幼崽互动处于一种高兴愉悦的状态时，会对幼崽“咿呀学语”。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Male bats also communicated with the pups, but in a way that seemed to carry the “vocal signature” of their social group. “Pup isolation calls sound more similar to those of males from the same social group than to those of other males,” said Mirjam Knornschild, STRI research associate. “These results suggest that adult male vocalizations may serve as guidance for the development of group signatures in pup calls.”(雄蝙蝠也与幼崽交流，但交流方式似乎带有其社会群体的“声音特征”。STRI研究助理Mirjam Knornschild说：“与其他雄性相比，来自同一社会群体的雄性发出的隔离叫声听起来更相似。”。“这些结果表明，成年雄性的发声可以指导幼犬叫声中群体特征的发展。”)”可知，雄性蝙蝠的叫声是一个蝙蝠群体中的标志性叫声，并且雄性蝙蝠的这种叫声对蝙蝠幼崽的叫声形成起着指导性作用，即幼崽的声音主要由成年雄性蝙蝠决定。故选C。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These results show that social feedback is important during vocal development, (这些结果表明，社会反馈在发声发育过程中很重要)”可知，Mirjam认为社会反馈在声音形成过程中很重要，对其持有积极肯定的态度。故选A。 【4】【2024届浙江省宁波市宁波十校高三下学期二模英语试题】 Students at the Calhoun School in New York City have much more than a roof over their heads. They have a rooftop garden, with lush grass, colorful flowers and fragrant herbs. “Green roofs” are sprouting up all over, from schools to city skyscrapers. And roofs aren’t the only things going green. Architects are finding all sorts of new ways to build buildings that are easier on the environment. These schools, homes, and offices are called “green buildings”. Normally it takes a lot of energy to run appliances. Too often, that energy comes from burning fossil fuels. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer of insulation (隔热材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat outside in the summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling. Heat pumps are another power-saving way to stay comfortable. A ground heat pump moves heat through pipes that run through the ground next to the building. A few feet under the ground, the temperature stays around 10℃ all year round. Water flowing around the pipes helps heat the building in winter and cool it in summer. Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and pollution of manufacturing something new. In the Chicago Center for Green Technology, the ceiling tiles (瓷砖) are made of pressed newspaper. The bathroom floors are tiled with recycled glass, and the stall walls are recycled plastic. Builders have found many creative ways to re-use old materials. As more people become concerned about climate change, more buildings are going green. Green buildings produce less of the gases that warm the planet. City planners like green buildings because they save money. And they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all. 28. How are green buildings designed to keep warm in the winter? A. By-burning fossil fuels. B. By using thick walls with insulators. C. By running heating devices. D. By equipping buildings with appliances. 29. According to the passage, the advantages of green buildings include the following EXCEPT________. A. saving water B. using recycled materials C. using less energy D. reducing greenhouse gas emissions 30. In which section of a magazine can we read the text? A. Education. B. Culture. C. Economy. D. Technology. 31. Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A. Recycling: to make a better earth for us all B. Heat Pumps: a new approach to saving energy C. Green Roofs: more than a roof over our heads D. Building Green: to hug the earth more kindly 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何进行绿色建筑及其对环境的好处。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer of insulation (隔热材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat outside in the summer.(所以绿色建筑的设计就是要用更少的能源来做所有这些事情。节能建筑从厚墙开始。一层绝缘层可以隔绝空气，阻止热量通过。这样就能在冬天保持室内的热量，在夏天保持室外的热量)”可知，绿色建筑设计通过使用带有绝缘体的厚墙在冬天保持温暖。故选B项。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy.(所以绿色建筑的设计就是要用更少的能源来做所有这些事情)”及第四段“Another way to build green is to use recycled materials.(另一种绿色建筑的方法是使用回收材料)”及最后一段“Green buildings produce less of the gases that warm the planet.(绿色建筑产生的使地球变暖的气体较少)”可知，绿色建筑的好处包括使用回收材料，使用更少的能源和减少温室气体排放。所以A选项“节约用水”没有提到。故选A项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Too often, that energy comes from burning fossil fuels. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer of insulation (隔热材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat outside in the summer.(通常，这些能量来自燃烧化石燃料。所以绿色建筑的设计就是要用更少的能源来做所有这些事情。节能建筑从厚墙开始。一层绝缘层可以隔绝空气，阻止热量通过。这样就能在冬天保持室内的热量，在夏天保持室外的热量)”及全文介绍绿色建筑的好处可知，本文主要介绍通过科技的方法来修建“绿色”建筑；由此推知，本文最有可能出现在杂志的科技一部分。故选D项。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“City planners like green buildings because they save money. And they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.(城市规划者喜欢绿色建筑，因为它们能省钱。对于在里面工作和生活的人来说，它们更健康。但你不需要建一座全新的大楼。简单的改变，如遮阳窗户和种树，可以使任何一个家庭更环保，为我们所有人创造一个更美好的地球家园)”可知，文章介绍了如何进行绿色建筑及其对于地球环境的好处，D选项“绿色建筑：更亲切地拥抱地球”适合最为最佳标题。故选D项。 【5】【江苏省南京市2023-2024学年高三下学期六校期初考试英语试题】 Consumers increasingly use smartwatches and other wearable devices to measure their heart rates and rhythm during exercise and for overall health monitoring. However, those measurements may be less accurate in people with darker skin tones (肤色), according to a study. The findings are based on a systematic review of 10 previously published studies involving a total of 469 participants. The study is the first to pool data from many studies to specifically examine how skin tones may affect the accuracy of heart data in wearables. After screening 622 scientific papers, the researchers identified 10 studies that reported the heart rate and rhythm data for consumer wearable technology according to a participant’s skin tone. Of those studies, they found that heart rate measurements were significantly less accurate in darker-skinned individuals compared with either lighter-skinned individuals or measurements from proven devices, such as chest strap monitors or electrocardiograms (心电图). One study reported that although there was no difference in heart rate accuracy, wearable devices recorded significantly fewer data points for people with darker skin. Most wearables detect the heart rate and rhythm by aiming a beam of light at the wrist and then detecting how much light is absorbed. Greater light absorption indicates a greater volume of blood flowing through the veins (静脉) under the skin. The study results suggest that this signaling process might not work well in darker skin that contains more melanin (黑色素), which absorbs light. In addition to the rising use of wearables to monitor physical activity and sleep patterns, interest in the use of consumer wearables for medical research and even early detection of heart problems has increased in recent years. The study emphasizes the importance of ensuring that technology meets the needs of diverse populations, especially when it’s intended to improve health. “It’s urgent to explore alternative options to collect reliable data from all users. There is some evidence to suggest that certain light, particularly green light, is more accurate in people across all skin tones,” Daniel Koerber, the study’s co-lead author, said. 8. How did researchers conduct research? A. They surveyed wearable device users. B. They took advantage of existing data. C. They communicated with professionals. D. They tested wearable devices on the market. 9. How do most wearables detect users’ heart rates? A. By detecting melanin levels in users’ skin. B. By observing users’ breathing rates and blood pressure. C. By measuring the speed of the blood flow in users’ veins. D. By detecting the amount of light absorbed by users’ wrists. 10. Which of the following statements about wearables may Daniel Koerber agree with? A. They require improvement. B. They face severe competition. C. They are a double-edged sword. D. They are a kind of marketing trick. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. How is your heart rate detected properly? B. How accurate is the heart data from your smartwatch? C. What challenge does future wearable technology face? D. How may skin tones affect the accuracy of heart data in wearables? 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现肤色会影响可穿戴设备中心脏数据的准确性，文章解释了研究开展的经过以及可穿戴设备的检测方式，专家建议可穿戴设备需要改进。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The findings are based on a systematic review of 10 previously published studies involving a total of 469 participants. The study is the first to pool data from many studies to specifically examine how skin tones may affect the accuracy of heart data in wearables.(这些发现是基于对先前发表的10项研究的系统回顾，共涉及469名参与者。这项研究首次汇集了许多研究的数据，专门研究肤色如何影响可穿戴设备中心脏数据的准确性)”可知，研究人员利用了现有的数据进行研究。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Most wearables detect the heart rate and rhythm by aiming a beam of light at the wrist and then detecting how much light is absorbed. Greater light absorption indicates a greater volume of blood flowing through the veins (静脉) under the skin.(大多数可穿戴设备通过将一束光对准手腕，然后检测吸收了多少光来检测心率和节奏。更多的光吸收表明更多的血液流经皮肤下的静脉)”可知，大多数可穿戴设备通过检测使用者手腕吸收的光量检测用户心率。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’s urgent to explore alternative options to collect reliable data from all users. There is some evidence to suggest that certain light, particularly green light, is more accurate in people across all skin tones(迫切需要探索从所有用户那里收集可靠数据的替代方案。“有一些证据表明，某些光，尤其是绿光，对所有肤色的人来说都更准确)”可知，丹尼尔·科伯认为可穿戴设备需要改进。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Consumers increasingly use smartwatches and other wearable devices to measure their heart rates and rhythm during exercise and for overall health monitoring. However, those measurements may be less accurate in people with darker skin tones (肤色), according to a study.(消费者越来越多地使用智能手表和其他可穿戴设备来测量他们在锻炼过程中的心率和节奏，并进行整体健康监测。然而，一项研究表明，对于肤色较深的人来说，这些测量结果可能不太准确)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现肤色会影响可穿戴设备中心脏数据的准确性，文章解释了研究开展的经过以及可穿戴设备的检测方式，专家建议可穿戴设备需要改进。可知，D选项“肤色如何影响可穿戴设备中心脏数据的准确性？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 【技巧点拨】 1.加强词汇的积累，尤其关注新课标词汇的派生词的运用。每年阅读中都会出现一些高难度的词汇，2023新高考全国I卷亦如此，尤其是新课标词汇的派生词，如minimal→minimalism，tolerate→intolerable，capital→capitalizes，estimate→overestimate，estimate→underestimate ，relate→correlate， dominate→dominant，imply→implications等。 2. 注重英语思维能力的培养，包括判断和推理两个方面。推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 是阅读理解中层次较高的题目, 因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。 推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解C篇（说明文） 考情概览：解读近年命题思路和内容要求，统计真题考查情况。 2024年真题研析：分析命题特点，探寻常考要点，真题分类精讲。 近年真题精选：分类精选近年真题，把握命题趋势。 必备知识速记：归纳串联解题必备知识，总结易错易混点。 名校模拟探源：精选适量名校模拟题，发掘高考命题之源。 【考查要点】 试卷所选阅读语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境。阅读素材，考查整体阅读与深度阅读的能力，需要从头到尾理解文章，而不单单从字面搜寻信息。2024年新课标I卷阅读理解C篇主题语境为人与自我，谈论学习方面。语篇内容是纸质阅读相比于数字阅读更有利于理解和记忆，而音频和视频尽管更具吸引力，但在信息记忆上不如文字阅读。引导学生认识不同媒介在学习中的不同作用，从而选择最有效的学习方式。2024年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇主题语境为人与社会，谈论科学技术方面。语篇内容是巴比伦微型农场(BMF)利用云技术进行远程监控和自动化操作，能为家庭和大型机构提供新鲜蔬菜，践行了可持续发展理念引导学生了解巴比伦微型农场在缩短食物运输路程、节约水资源、避免化学物质的使用等方面的创新，同时引导学生要提高环保意识，为保护环境贡献自己的力量。 【课标链接】 依据新课程标准阅读理解部分试题考查的就是对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解和推断能力。深入考查基础语言知识旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语言知识，了解基础文化知识；引导学生深入学习和理解语篇所表达的主题意义，养成一定的语言意识和英语语感。 命题分析 2024年新课标I卷阅读C篇一篇说明文，这篇文章主要讲了在阅读方面，纸质书相比电子书，音频，视频在信息的吸收，专注度，参与度方面都要胜出不少，为了支撑这个论点，作者用了很多理论和实证来支撑自己的观点。主要考查学生细节理解能力、词义猜测能力和推理判断能力；细节理解题1题，词义猜测1题、推理判断题2题。2024年新课标II卷阅读C篇，文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了巴比伦微农场提供室内种植系统，通过云技术远程监控，减少种植植物所需的水量，实践可持续性，减少碳排放。主要考查学生细节理解能力和推理判断能力、词义猜测能力。细节理解题2道题，推理判断题1道，主旨大意题1道。 试题精讲 （2024·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇） Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，这篇文章主要讲了在阅读方面，纸质书相比电子书，音频，视频在信息的吸收，专注度，参与度方面都要胜出不少，为了支撑这个论点，作者用了很多理论和实证来支撑自己的观点。 原文出处 本文来自美利坚大学语言学教授 Naomi S. Baron（ 内奥米· ·S. 巴伦）的一篇名为 Why we remember more by reading – especially print – than from audio or video 的文章 https://librarylearningspace.com/why-we-remember-more by-reading-especially-print-than-from-audio-or-video/ 语言知识 重难单词 comprehension n 理解（力）；onscreen adv 在屏幕上；view v [ 名词动化] 看 看； ；contentn 内容； ；cover v [ 熟词生义] 涉及，处理；factor n 因素；concentration n 专心 ，专注 ；entertainment n 消遣，娱乐；multitask v 同时执行多项任务；consume v 消费， 消耗；confirm v 证实；print n [熟词生义] 印刷品 ，出版物；experimenter n 实验员；pose v [ 熟词生义] 提出；identify v 识别，找到；mental adj 思考的， 思想的 ， 精神的；abstraction n 抽象；physical adj 物理（ 学 ）的；property n [ 熟词生义] 性质， 特性；literal adj 确确实实的，真实的；visual adj 视觉的；geography n [ 熟词生义] 布局；distinct adj 不同的；aspect n 方面；propose v 提出；shallow v 变浅；approach v 处理，对待； serious adj 严肃的， 需认真思考的；engaging adj 有吸引力的，有趣的；say v [ 熟词生义] 比方说；assign v 布置 ；demonstrate v 证明； ；identical adj 完全相同的； ；piece n [ 熟词生义] 文章， 报道；role n [ 熟词生义] 作用；available adj 可获得的；maximize v 使增加到最大限度，使最大化；reflection n 反思，深思；assume v 认为，假定，假设；randomly adv 随机地； ；informative adj 提供有用信息的 imply v 暗指；apply v 运用；multiple adj 多种的；technique n 技巧；produce v 制作 重难词块 the written word 书面文字；relate to 涉及，与 …… 相关 ；a variety of 各种各样的； ；a tendency to do sth 做某事的倾向； shine through 表 现 明 显 ； draw inferences from 从 …… 中推断出结论；be related to 与 与 …… 有关； ；physical properties 物理特性； ；along with与 … 一起； ；link … to ...将 …… 同 …… 联系起来； ；(be) suited to 适合 ……； mental effort 脑力， 心力； in print 已刊印， 已出版；mental focus 精神集中；call for 需要；treat sth lightly 对待某事持轻松的态度； hold sb’s attention 保持某人的注意力； develop advanced skills 培养高级技能 长难句分析 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 句意为：当实验人员从提出简单的任务， 如找到阅读文章的主旨， ， 转向需要抽象思维的任务，如从文本中推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 本中句中 when 引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为 move，like identifying the main idea in a reading passage 和 such as drawing inferences from a text 分别补充说明 simple tasks 和 ones that require mental abstraction。 According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 句意为：根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。suited to social media 作后置定语修饰 mindset，which引导的非限词 制性定语从句，修饰先行词 social media，and 连接主句并列的谓语 approach 和devote。 （2024·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 9. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 10. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 11. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 一种室内花园系统—— 巴比伦微农场（BMF），它不仅能为家庭和大型机构提供新鲜蔬菜，还能利用云技术远程监控和自动化操作，促进了可持续性和环保。 原文出处 https://inhabitat.com/these-micro-farms-put-a-new-spin-to-farm-to-table/ 语言知识 重难单词 cover v [ 熟词生义]走完（一段路程）；solid adj [ 熟词生义]可靠的； shorten v （ 使 ）变短 （short + -en）；additionally adv [ 句子副词] 此外； innovative adj 创新的（innovate +-ive）； reliable adj 可靠的（rely + -able）； specifically adv [ 句子副词] 确切地说；remotely adv 远程地； monitor v [名词动化] 监控， 监测； real time n 实时；automated adj 自动化的；moreover adv [ 句子副词] 此外；sustainability n 可持续性（sustainable + -ity）；single-use adj 一次性的； availability n 可用性（available + -ity） 重难词块 when it comes to 说到 ……；fresh greens 新鲜青菜；live out 实践 ， 践行； be passionate about 热衷于；be devoted to 对 …… 全身心投入 长难句分析 Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. 句意为：此外，在同一楼内的这一系统（从种植到食用）意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。 having a system in the same building 为动名词短语 作主语，where it’s eaten 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 building，means 为句子谓语。 【1】（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇） The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. 【2】（2023·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 29. What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. 30 What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. 【3】（2022·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇） The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 28. What is the purpose of the project? A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results. 【4】（2022·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene. 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 31. What is a suitable title for the text? A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers. D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer- 【5】（2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals. 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 【6】（2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇） A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.” The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children. Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools." Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries." 28. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money? A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools. C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians. 29. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools? A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income. C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention. 30. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama? A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills. C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher 分析近几年的高考试题，可以发现阅读理解C篇考查说明文为主，但是每年的话题侧重点不同，如：2023年新课标I卷阅读C篇文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。2023年新课标II卷阅读C篇，文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。2022·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇，主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目；2022·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇，为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机；2021·新高考卷I阅读理解C篇，讲述了美国鸭票的故事，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽；2021·新高考卷II阅读理解C篇，文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。试题设置考点以推理判断为主，其次是词义猜测、细节理解。对于2025年高考C篇预测，很可能仍然会是说明文为主，话题可能涉及到科技、环保、生物等主题相关，需重点关注这些方面内容信息。 【1】【2024届全国新课改省区高三第二次学业质量评价(T8联考) 英语试题】 If you live in a region where winter weather is a regular risk, you are likely used to pouring salt on your sidewalks. But how does it work? And how much salt do humans pour onto our planet’s surface? The second question is easier to answer: a lot. Salt doesn’t directly melt ice, nor does it make snow simply disappear. Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression. In the case of simple rock salt, which is a rawer, less pure version of table salt, each molecule (分子) splits into smaller elements. Normally, when water freezes into ice, its molecules line up to form a stable, orderly structure. Salt interrupts the process, however, and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur. But if salt needs to interact with liquid water, how does it do anything when temperatures are stubbornly below freezing, and water should already be in the form of ice? That’s where cars help clear their own way by creating friction and, in turn, heat. The friction allows for the ice that has already frozen to melt a little bit, making it unlikely to freeze. Beyond rock salt’s ability to clear icy streets, it can also be destructive. Chloride ions (氯离子) can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities. Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water. Many local governments are looking for alternatives to rock salt. Other salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride work in the same way as rock salt, and they’re perhaps even more efficient. Some experiments are testing other ice-preventing solutions, including those that contain sugars instead of or in addition to salts. Another approach relies more heavily on sand, which can mechanically make roads safer. All of this experimentation is aimed at ensuring people can travel in any weather condition — a Herculean task when winter brings its worst. 8. What’s the purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 2? A. To introduce the topic. B. To give some evidence. C. To define the phenomenon. D. To reveal the misconception. 9. How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing? A. By lowering the temperature. B. By melting and splitting itself. C. By lining up to form a solid structure. D. By stopping the formation of the structure. 10. What does the underlined word “densities” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Concentrations. B. Weights. C. Qualities. D. Salts. 11. What’s the last paragraph mainly talking about? A. Other salts won’t disturb local ecology. B. Efforts are being made to guarantee safe travels. C. Many alternatives are available to solve the problem. D. Bitter winter make it impossible to secure road safety. 【2】【2024届河南省高三下学期TOP二十名校质检一英语试题】 Sweden, a country often associated with its colder climate rather than winemaking, is experiencing a surprising transformation in its wine industry because of climate change. Traditionally, renowned wine-growing regions like France, Italy, and Spain have dominated the global wine market. However, rising temperatures and longer growing seasons in Sweden have brought an unexpected growth in the country’s wine production. Over the past 30 years, temperatures in the southern part of Sweden have risen by approximately 2℃ compared to the previous three decades. This increase has extended the growing season by approximately 20 days. While established winemaking regions face challenges such as droughts and extreme weather events. Sweden’s wine industry is thriving. Kullabergs Vingard is one of the wineries benefiting from these changes. Its expert winemaker, Felix Ahrberg, recognizes the negative impact of rising temperatures on vineyards in more traditional wine-producing countries. In contrast, he sees immense potential for the Swedish wine industry. Currently producing around 30,000 bottles per year. Kullabergs’ wines have received accolades and are sold in high end restaurants across Europe and Hong Kong. Interestingly, some French winemakers have chosen to settle in Sweden to pursue their grape cultivation (种植) and winemaking careers. Emma Berto, a French winemaker working at Thora Vingard, located near Ahrberg’s vineyard, highlights Sweden’s more predictable climate as a significant advantage compared to France. She says they also value the freedom and flexibility provided by Sweden’s less regulated winemaking sector, allowing for sustainable grape-growing practices such as reduced use of insecticides. In Sweden, there are several kinds of grapes from France, such as Chardonnay, Merlot and Pinot Noir. But Swedish winemakers primarily focus on cultivating Solaris grapes, a variety originating from Germany. However, they have also developed unique vineyard management techniques. For instance, in Sweden, leaves are often removed from the vines to ensure better sunlight exposure for the grapes, a practice that differs from the concerns about excessive sunlight exposure in countries like France and Spain. 8. What has contributed to the growth of Sweden’s wine industry? A. Longer growing seasons due to climate change. B. Much interest from consumers in Europe. C. Strict regulations in the winemaking sector. D. A more traditional way of winemaking. 9. What is a reason why some French winemakers settle in Sweden? A. Swedish wines are in high demand in France. B. France has banned winemaking due to climate change. C. Sweden’s colder climate benefits French grape varieties. D. Sweden offers more freedom and flexibility in winemaking. 10. What kind of grapes is mainly grown in Sweden? A. Merlot. B. Solaris. C. Pinot Noir. D. Chardonnay. 11. What do Swedish winemakers do to ensure better sunlight exposure for grapes? A. Removing leaves from the vines. B. Growing grapes without shelter. C. Providing artificial lighting at night. D. Using reflective surfaces to redirect sunlight. 【3】【2024届湘豫名校联考高三下学期2月第一次模拟考试英语试题】 When talking to babies, humans slow down their speech, raise their pitch (音高) and change the “color” of their voice. This “baby talk”, as people know it, increases the baby’s attention and facilitates language learning. Among animals, mothers often engage in child-directed vocalizations (发声) too, but does this also imply voice changes? A team of scientists that included Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) researchers explored whether child-directed communication in bats resulted in vocalization changes. They focused on a bat called Saccopteryx bilineata, a common Central and South American species with a remarkable vocal skill. During their first three months of life, as S. bilineata pups (幼崽) start experimenting with their “speech”, female and male adult bats respond to them differently. Through sound recordings of their vocal interactions, the research team found that mother bats “babble” as they interact with pups, which could be interpreted as delightful feedback to pups during vocal practice. Much like human “baby talk”, the child-directed vocalizations of adult females presented a different “color” and pitch than the calls directed towards other adult bats. Male bats also communicated with the pups, but in a way that seemed to carry the “vocal signature” of their social group. “Pup isolation calls sound more similar to those of males from the same social group than to those of other males,” said Mirjam Knornschild, STRI research associate. “These results suggest that adult male vocalizations may serve as guidance for the development of group signatures in pup calls.” This is the first time that scientists describe a phenomenon that could resemble “baby talk” among bats, indicating that parent-offspring communication in bats is more complex than previous thought and opening new avenues for further research. “These results show that social feedback is important during vocal development, not only in humans but also in other vocal-learning species like Saccopteryx bilineata,” said Mirjam. “I believe that bats are a very promising species to investigate key shared features of language, such as the vocal learning ability, and that this study will inspire further studies in the biolinguistics field.” 8. What did the scientists aim to discover through their research? A. The vocal range of human voices. B. The best way to attract kids’ attention. C. The effects of “baby talk” on vocalization. D. The reason for bats’ gradual voice changes. 9. On what occasion does a mother bat “babble”? A. When she does not feel secure. B. When she is searching for food. C. When she has food to feed her pups. D. When she is happy to interact with pups. 10. What can we learn about bat pup calls from Paragraph 3? A. They have a higher pitch and changeable “color”. B. They sound more similar to those of their moms. C. They are mainly determined by their adult males. D. They are directed by female bats of the same group. 11. How does Mirjam view the role of social feedback on vocal development? A. Positively. B. Doubtfully. C. Cautiously. D. Critically. 【4】【2024届浙江省宁波市宁波十校高三下学期二模英语试题】 Students at the Calhoun School in New York City have much more than a roof over their heads. They have a rooftop garden, with lush grass, colorful flowers and fragrant herbs. “Green roofs” are sprouting up all over, from schools to city skyscrapers. And roofs aren’t the only things going green. Architects are finding all sorts of new ways to build buildings that are easier on the environment. These schools, homes, and offices are called “green buildings”. Normally it takes a lot of energy to run appliances. Too often, that energy comes from burning fossil fuels. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer of insulation (隔热材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat outside in the summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling. Heat pumps are another power-saving way to stay comfortable. A ground heat pump moves heat through pipes that run through the ground next to the building. A few feet under the ground, the temperature stays around 10℃ all year round. Water flowing around the pipes helps heat the building in winter and cool it in summer. Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and pollution of manufacturing something new. In the Chicago Center for Green Technology, the ceiling tiles (瓷砖) are made of pressed newspaper. The bathroom floors are tiled with recycled glass, and the stall walls are recycled plastic. Builders have found many creative ways to re-use old materials. As more people become concerned about climate change, more buildings are going green. Green buildings produce less of the gases that warm the planet. City planners like green buildings because they save money. And they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all. 28. How are green buildings designed to keep warm in the winter? A. By-burning fossil fuels. B. By using thick walls with insulators. C. By running heating devices. D. By equipping buildings with appliances. 29. According to the passage, the advantages of green buildings include the following EXCEPT________. A. saving water B. using recycled materials C. using less energy D. reducing greenhouse gas emissions 30. In which section of a magazine can we read the text? A. Education. B. Culture. C. Economy. D. Technology. 31. Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A. Recycling: to make a better earth for us all B. Heat Pumps: a new approach to saving energy C. Green Roofs: more than a roof over our heads D. Building Green: to hug the earth more kindly 【5】【江苏省南京市2023-2024学年高三下学期六校期初考试英语试题】 Consumers increasingly use smartwatches and other wearable devices to measure their heart rates and rhythm during exercise and for overall health monitoring. However, those measurements may be less accurate in people with darker skin tones (肤色), according to a study. The findings are based on a systematic review of 10 previously published studies involving a total of 469 participants. The study is the first to pool data from many studies to specifically examine how skin tones may affect the accuracy of heart data in wearables. After screening 622 scientific papers, the researchers identified 10 studies that reported the heart rate and rhythm data for consumer wearable technology according to a participant’s skin tone. Of those studies, they found that heart rate measurements were significantly less accurate in darker-skinned individuals compared with either lighter-skinned individuals or measurements from proven devices, such as chest strap monitors or electrocardiograms (心电图). One study reported that although there was no difference in heart rate accuracy, wearable devices recorded significantly fewer data points for people with darker skin. Most wearables detect the heart rate and rhythm by aiming a beam of light at the wrist and then detecting how much light is absorbed. Greater light absorption indicates a greater volume of blood flowing through the veins (静脉) under the skin. The study results suggest that this signaling process might not work well in darker skin that contains more melanin (黑色素), which absorbs light. In addition to the rising use of wearables to monitor physical activity and sleep patterns, interest in the use of consumer wearables for medical research and even early detection of heart problems has increased in recent years. The study emphasizes the importance of ensuring that technology meets the needs of diverse populations, especially when it’s intended to improve health. “It’s urgent to explore alternative options to collect reliable data from all users. There is some evidence to suggest that certain light, particularly green light, is more accurate in people across all skin tones,” Daniel Koerber, the study’s co-lead author, said. 8. How did researchers conduct research? A. They surveyed wearable device users. B. They took advantage of existing data. C. They communicated with professionals. D. They tested wearable devices on the market. 9. How do most wearables detect users’ heart rates? A. By detecting melanin levels in users’ skin. B. By observing users’ breathing rates and blood pressure. C. By measuring the speed of the blood flow in users’ veins. D. By detecting the amount of light absorbed by users’ wrists. 10. Which of the following statements about wearables may Daniel Koerber agree with? A. They require improvement. B. They face severe competition. C. They are a double-edged sword. D. They are a kind of marketing trick. 11. What can be the best title for the text? A. How is your heart rate detected properly? B. How accurate is the heart data from your smartwatch? C. What challenge does future wearable technology face? D. How may skin tones affect the accuracy of heart data in wearables? 【技巧点拨】 1.加强词汇的积累，尤其关注新课标词汇的派生词的运用。每年阅读中都会出现一些高难度的词汇，2023新高考全国I卷亦如此，尤其是新课标词汇的派生词，如minimal→minimalism，tolerate→intolerable，capital→capitalizes，estimate→overestimate，estimate→underestimate ，relate→correlate， dominate→dominant，imply→implications等。 2. 注重英语思维能力的培养，包括判断和推理两个方面。推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 是阅读理解中层次较高的题目, 因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。 推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$