精品解析：2024届浙江省Lambda联盟普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟练习（一）

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题（一） 英语试卷 本试卷共12页，共67题。本试卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 ★祝考试顺利★ 注意事项： 1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How might the woman feel? A. Uneasy. B. Disappointed. C. Unconcerned. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man think of the party? A He doesn’t like the party. B. He hates to prepare for the party. C. It is worthwhile to prepare for the party. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. How customers could be best served. B. What kind of stores can offer lower prices. C. Whether online stores will replace high-street stores. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man mean? A. A cold drink can be relaxing. B. Scott and Tina like to play jokes on each other. C Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Bring a gift. B. Return something. C. Have dinner. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有10秒钟的时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What do we know about Mr Bannister? A. He is new to the company. B. He works on the trade deal. C. He is not experienced enough. 7. Who do the speakers think is suitable for the position? A. Mr Duncan. B. Mrs Templeton. C. Amelia. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Where are the speakers probably? A. On a game show. B. In a spaceship. C. In a bank. 9. Who was the first woman in space? A. Anna Edison. B. Sally K. Ride. C. Valentina Tereshkova. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. Why are the two speakers upset? A. It may snow during their vacation. B. They may not be able to take their vacation. C. They may fail to join the graduation ceremony. 11. What can we learn about their vacation? A. They are going skiing. B. They have made bookings for their plane. C. Their flight has been cancelled. 12 What made them miss so many classes? A. The earthquake. B. The bad winter. C. A terrible flu. 13. What are they going to do right now? A. Talk to Professor Hampton. B. Speak to all of the other people. C. Call the travel agency. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. How many nights is the man going to stay at the hotel? A. One night. B. Two nights. C. Four nights. 15. What time is it now? A. 6:30 pm. B. 10:00 pm. C. 10:45 pm. 16. What is on the 14th floor? A. A gym. B. A restaurant. C. A swimming pool. 17. What does the woman tell the man about breakfast in the end? A How good it is. B. How much to pay for it. C. Where and how long it is. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. What do the words “this trap” in the first paragraph refer to? A. Having a racial bias. B. Responding to wrong texts. C. Criticizing political figures. 19. What does Ethan Mollick think of Gemini’s early launch? A. Creative. B. Promising. C. Controversial. 20. What can we infer about Google from the last paragraph? A. Its employees are irresponsible. B. It needs further improvement. C. Its security is doubted. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A With all the dietary information online, it can be hard to know what tips to follow. Watch out for these words and expressions. Fat Is Good It doesn’t matter if you are part of the fat is GOOD for you or BAD for you group, the important question to ask is the source of the fat. If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated (饱和的) fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early. Natural Sugar Is Better The vast majority of sugar we consume is sucrose (蔗糖). It is the white powdered stuff we cook with and is made up of glucose and fructose. How about sugar from honey? It is often marketed as natural and better for you. Actually, it just has its own distinct flavour, but is as sweet because of glucose and fructose. High-pH Water Some people think we need to eat alkali (碱) food to maintain our blood at a pH of 7.4. But everything we eat or drink passes through the stomach, which, at a pH of 1.5, is the most acidic part of the body. It is then neutralised to a pH of 7. So, nothing we eat will change the pH of our blood. Don’t Eat Anything That You Can’t Pronounce Whether foods are natural or highly processed, they are all full of chemicals. Are you supposed to fear “phenylthiocarbamide”, because you can’t pronounce it? This is simply the chemical responsible for the bitter taste found in brassicas, the plants in the cabbage and mustard family. Don’t Eat Food With More Than Five Ingredients(佐料) Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish? Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients? 21. According to the passage, healthier fat ______. A. can be found in fish and plants B. comes from land-based animals C. remains solid at room temperature D. can lower the death rate of elders 22. The passage suggests that ______. A. diets can help adjust the pH of our blood B. honey sugar can do more good than sucrose C. foods with more ingredients may be as healthy D. chemicals we can recognize are safer to take in 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare tips on food choices. B. To introduce different health concepts. C. To recommend fitness recipes to readers. D. To warn us of some dietary misunderstandings. B At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious. Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought. In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me. I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.” 24. What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed. 25. The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______. A. pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community 26. From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______. A. reflects the creator’s spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice 27. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create. C “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 28. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 29. The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A. the enormous efforts of scientists at work B. the reliability of potential research results C. the public’s passion for scientific findings D. the improvement in the quality of evidence 30. The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A. discouraging B. ineffective C. unfair D. misleading 31. The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A. doubtful but sincere B. disapproving but soft C. authoritative and direct D. reflective and humorous D Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Ernest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence. It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work––these people are the very soul of capitalism. Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity. The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different” and not knowing how to go about it. The student who earns straight A’s on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him. Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes. 32. The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to _________. A. show what a talented musician should look like B. introduce an important figure in the musical world C. contrast with his talent in music performance D. indicate that he can’t stand out from the flock 33. The author would most probably agree that _________. A. an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance B. the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full C. being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual D. those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists 34. According to the passage, which individual’s actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism? A. A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition. B. A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following. C. An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others. D. An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices. 35. For the main thread, the article is organized by way of __________. A. specific to general B. cause and effect C. examples and conclusion D. comparison and contrast 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Art Builds Understanding Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. ____36____ It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. ____37____ This results in the build-up of layers of materials — from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts where the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. ___38___ In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists’ intentions and ideas. ___39___ Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time. ___40___ What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. A. The viewers gain a new perspective on the story. B. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art. C. This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen. D. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work. E. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist. F. For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives. G. Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Heads or Tails? Careful: It’s not 50-50 The phrase “coin toss” is a classic synonym for randomness. But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____41____ that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias, ____42____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips, making laboratory tests a logistical (后勤的，组织协调的) ____43____. František Bartoš, currently a Ph.D. candidate studying the research methods of psychology at the University of Amsterdam, became interested in this ____44____ four years ago. He couldn’t ____45____ enough volunteers to investigate it at first. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin flipping later, including one 12-hour marathon ____46____, the team performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000. With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing ____47____ as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows ____48____ to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (侥幸). “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin flips after this data set,” Bartoš says. The leading theory explaining the ____49____ advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by Stanford University statisticians, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of _____50_____. The researchers determined that airborne coins don’t turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); _____51_____, they tend to move off-center, which causes them to spend a little more time high in the air with their initial “up” side on top. For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a 1 percent bias isn’t _____52_____ with just a few coin flips, says statistician Ameli, who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any lasting doubt regarding the coin flip’s slight bias. “This is great experiment-based evidence _____53_____ the bias,” she says. It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply _____54_____ the coin’s starting position before flipping it should do the trick. But if your friends are _____55_____ the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a casino’s house advantage. “If you asked me to bet on a coin,” Bartoš says, “why wouldn’t I give myself a 1 percent bias?” 41. A. confirmed B. denied C. recorded D. suspected 42 A. therefore B. however C. for example D. vice versa 43. A. nightmare B. context C. intervention D. delay 44. A. coinage B. discipline C. challenge D. phrase 45. A. cooperate with B. round up C. shrug aside D. count on 46. A. analysis B. race C. interview D. session 47. A. upward B. evenly C. downward D. uniformly 48. A. volunteers B. gamblers C. psychologists D. statisticians 49. A. accidental B. dominant C. subtle D. prejudiced 50. A. mechanics B. relativity C. geometry D. chemistry 51. A. moreover B. instead C. likewise D. initially 52. A. insignificant B. accessible C. inclusive D. perceptible 53. A. reversing B. integrating with C. backing up D. rejecting 54. A. concealing B. shifting C. perceiving D. anchoring 55. A. favourable to B. opposed to C. unaware of D. suspicious of 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why We Should Record Travel Moments On a rainy summer day, I took a train to Switzerland and trekked through the mud to a medieval fortress high atop a cliff. After twisting through its dimly lit corridors, I finally _____56_____ (arrive) at the main viewpoint of Cave of the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shoots from underground into a sparkling pool. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone _____57_____ (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me. I had come in search of a sound, not a sight. Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself _____58_____ (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started doing this as an artistic way to help me remember some of the most interesting details of my trips. Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to listen, you start to appreciate how much _____59_____ (big) the world is.” This attitude _____60_____ (echo) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician who now serves on QPI’s board. “A photograph is two dimensions. _____61_____ you are looking at something you’re seeing, it’s maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sound is 360 degrees. You hear it all around you.” Kester explained _____62_____ teaching herself to be a better listener has not only expanded her sense of travel, but helped her relive her travels once she’s back home. “You immerse _____63_____ in that place again. You recreate those memories and therefore recreate the feelings you had, _____64_____ are very hard to express clearly. You can re-experience that and that will send you to where you were before.” Months later back in my L.A. home, I find myself popping on my headphones and listening back to the rush of falling water inside Cave of the Fairies. When I close my eyes, I ______65______ feel the spray of water against my skin, the sense of letting my ears lead me on a faraway adventure. Mentally, I’m right back there — if only for a moment. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 随着人工智能的快速发展，ChatGPT已进入我们的生活，正逐渐影响我们的学习方式和体验，有人认为它会带来诸多便利，也有人心存顾虑。假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，学校贴吧就此话题正在热议，你对此很感兴趣，决定回帖响应。回帖内容应包括： 1.你是否支持使用ChatGPT; 2.你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As Valentine’s Day, a time for expressing affection through the exchange of presents, drew near, Kendra found herself seated at the kitchen table, carefully penning her name on Valentine’s cards for her classmates. She recognized her own hesitation; words didn’t come easily to her. While she envied the ease with which her peers talked and laughed, her shyness often kept her quiet. Kendra grabbed another card. . Her eyes lit up at the phrase “You’re dynamite (引起轰动的人或物)!”—a term that would undoubtedly delight her Grammy, who frequently used the expression to praise their festive decorations. “Well, that looks dynamite!” Grammy would exclaim, her approval filling Kendra with warmth. Just as Kendra was signing the cards, her mother came in, sharing the sad news of Elise, their neighbor, and her recent accident that led to a broken leg, restricting her to home schooling for the coming weeks. Kendra felt sorry for Elise, and quickly picked the most splendid valentine, hurrying to Elise’s home. Upon arrival, Kendra’s look fell upon the life-sized deer statue decorating the front yard. She studied it, saying to herself, “Wouldn’t this deer look cool with a big heart around his neck? Elise could look out of the window and see it decorated for Valentine’s day.” With this idea, Kendra got the sizable red heart her Grammy had given her, tied it with string, and hung it around the statue’s neck like a festive chain. The next day, she decorated the antlers (鹿角) with a variety of smaller hearts. It was during this act of kindness that Colin and Amy, Elise’s fellow classmates, happened upon the scene. “Are you decorating Elise’s deer for Valentine’s Day?” they asked. Kendra confirmed with a nod, explaining her intention to cheer up Elise. Despite her uncertainty about what to add next, Colin proposed adding some color, while Amy suggested putting decorations on the deer’s back and forehead. United by a shared purpose, they agreed to meet later. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 That afternoon, they met to decorate the deer with the materials they had sourced. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Just then, Elise’s front door opened, and Elise stuck her head out. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $听力考试正式开始。请看听力部分第一节，第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。现在你有5秒钟的时间阅读第一小题的有关内容。We are trying to start a club. How's IT going? We were hoping for at least fifteen people, but only two signed up. I'm really looking forward to the party, but it's all the hard work you have to do before that I don't enjoy. Oh, it's fine. IT gives us the chance to get the house nice and tidy. I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. Online stores can offer much lower Prices than the high street stores I doubted. I think we'll always want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them. With Scott and tina both up . for the same job, I feel nervous when they're in the same room. I just try to act Normally, like tell them a joke or something that usually breaks the ice. It's really nice of you to cook for me tonight. I'm glad to do IT. You've been so helpful, and it's only fair that I return the favor. I hope you've brought your appetite. 第一节到此结束，第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第六和第7两个小题。现在你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。There are many candidates for this promotion. In my opinion, mister bannister has proven himself to the company, but he doesn't have much experience. I agree with you yeah, but we shouldn't ignore mrs. templeton. SHE really helped us a lot with the trade deal last year. I didn't think about that. You're right. We should go with her as she's been with us longer. Let's inform mister duncan that we've reached a decision. There are many candidates for this promotion. In my opinion, mister banister has proven himself to the company, but he doesn't have much experience. I agree . with you a mila, but we shouldn't gnp, mrs. Templeton SHE really helped us a lot with the trade deal last year. I didn't think about that. You're right. We should go with her as she's been with us longer. Let's inform mister duncan that we've reached a decision. 听下面一段对话，回答第八和第9两个小题。现在你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。So anna, if you answer this question correctly, we'll put one million dollars in your bank account today. Are you ready? Yes, please go ahead. Well. here's the question. Who was the first woman to go in this space? The answer is american astronaut Sally k. Ride. oh, anna, i'm afraid that's incorrect. I'm sorry, I just remembered valentino tresh kova, yes. the russian. I'm afraid I need to take your first answers. But you still walk away with two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Ladies and gentlemen, a round of applause for anna Edison. Thank you. So, anna, if you answer this . question correctly, we'll put one million dollars in your bank account today. Are you ready? Yes, please go ahead. Well, here's the question. Who was the first woman to go in this space? The answer is american astronauts t. Sally k. ride. Oh, anna, i'm afraid that's incorrect. I'm sorry, I just remembered valentini a tash. Kova. yes, the russian, i'm afraid I need to take your first answer. But you still walk away with two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Ladies and gentlemen, a round of applause for anna Edison. Thank you. 听下面一段对话，回答第十至第十三四个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。Cindy, have you heard the news? No, Steve, what do you mean? You know. all the classes we've missed because of the snow, we are going to have to make them up and IT will have to be during . the spring break. Oh, no, we have our vacation, said, what are we going to do? Do the others know that? I don't know. But I certainly can't afford the most five days of classes this term. but I really don't want a chancellor trip. All of us have already booked our plane together. I can try to call the travel agency, maybe they can return our money, but before we do anything, we need to speak with our professors. You think they are excuses from class? I don't know, but I think we're going to have to speak to all of them anyway. Why didn't they add extra days at the end of the term before summer . classes because of the graduation data, which can be changed? Are other colleges around here doing the same thing. I would imagine? So IT has been such a bad winter, and we've missed too many classes. We really need to make them up. I know, I know. I was just really looking forward to this vacation. The idea of the sun in the beach. Oh, look, there's professor hampton right now. Come on, let's go and talk, dm. Cindy, have you heard the news? No, Steve, what do you mean? You know. all the classes we've missed because of the snow, we are going to have to make them up and IT will have to be . during the spring break. Oh, no, we have our vacation, said, what are we going to do? Do the others know that? I don't know. But I certainly can't afford the most five days of classes this term. but I really don't want a chancellor trip. All of us have already booked our plane tickets. I can try to call the travel agency, maybe they can return our money, but before we do anything, we need to speak with our professors. You think they are excuses from class? I don't know, but I think we're going to have to speak to all of them anyway. Why didn't they add extra days at the end of the term before summer . classes because of the graduation? Da, which can be changed. Are other colleges around here doing the same thing. I would imagine? So IT has been such a bad winter, and we've miss too many classes. We really need to make them up. I know, I know. I was just really looking forward to this vacation. The idea of the sun in the beach. Oh, look, there's professor hampton right now. Come on, let's go and talk, dm. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17 4个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。Good evening. Do you have any rooms available at the moment? Yes, we do. How many nights do you want to . stay for or if it's possible? Okay, let me see. I'm sorry, sir. I'm afraid we can only give you a room for two nights is a very busy period right now. We're almost fully book these days. All right, i'll just stay for tonight then it's too late to go to other hotels now. I'll searched for another one tomorrow. That's an excEllent idea, sir, and thank you for your understanding. So a single room for one night here is your key card, and your room is on the seventh floor. thanks. By the way, is there a swimming pool in the hotel? Yes, there is. Is on the fifteen floor. But IT closes at ten P. M. So IT was closed forty five minutes ago already. That's too bad. We do have a gym that opens twenty four hours. It's on the fourth th floor. great. Thanks for letting me know. You're welcome, sir. Oh, before I forget, breakfast is served on the second floor from six thirty to ten o'clock in the morning. Good evening. Do you have any rooms available at the moment? Yes, we do. How many nights do you want . to stay for if it's possible? Okay, let me see. I'm sorry, sir. I'm afraid we can only give you a room for two nights is a very busy period right now. We're almost volley book these days. All right, i'll just stay for tonight then. It's too late to go to other hotels now. I'll searched for another one tomorrow. That's an excEllent idea, sir, and thank you for your understanding. So a single room for one night here is your key card, and your room is on the seventh floor. thanks. By the way, is there a swimming pool in the hotel? Yes, there is. Is on the fifteen th floor. But IT closes at ten P. M. So IT was closed forty five minutes ago already. That's too bad. We do have a gym net opens twenty four hours. It's on the fourth th floor. great. Thanks for letting me know. You're welcome, sir. Oh, before I forget, breakfast is served on the second floor from six thirty to ten o'clock in the morning. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至第23个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。Users of google german I, the tech giant's artificial intelligence model, recently noticed that asking IT to create images of vikings, german soldiers from one thousand nine hundred and forty three or america's founding fathers produced surprising results. Hardly any of the people depicted were White. Geri had been programmed to show a range of ethnicities. Other image generation tools have been criticized, ed, because they tend to show White men when asked for images of entrepreneurs or doctors. Google wanted germany to avoid this trap. Instead, IT fell into another one depicting George washington is black and the pope as an asian woman. Some observers like, and germanized a historical diversity to hamilton or bridgeton. IT seems that google had Milly made a well meaning mistake, but IT was a gift to the tech industry's right doing critics. On february twenty second, google said IT would halt the generation of images of people while IT reject gemini. But by then attention had moved on to the chat bott text responses, which turned out to be just surprising german. I happily provided arguments in favor of affirmative action in higher education, but refused to provide arguments against IT declined to write a job bad for a fossil fuel lobby group because fossil fuels are bad, and lobby groups prioritize the interests of CoOperation over public well being. Asked if hames is a terrorist organization, IT replied that the conflict in gaza is complex. Asked if elon mosques tweeting of means had done more harm than hitler, IT said IT was difficult to say you do not have to be bench pero to design a progressive bias, inadequate testing, maybe partly to blame. Google lags behind OpenAI, maker of the Better known ChatGPT. As IT raises to catch up, google may have cut corners. Other chat buzz have had controversial launches, releasing chat bonds and letting users uncover odd behaviors, which can be swiftly patched. Let firms move faster, provided they're prepared to whether the potential risks and bad publicity, observes ethon molik, a professor at watching business school. But german I has clearly been deliberately calibrated or fine tuned to produce these responses. They are not hallucinations where a model makes things up. This raises questions about google culture. Is the firm so financially secure, with vast profits from internet advertising, that IT feels free to try its hand, its social engineering? Do some employees think IT has not just an opportunity, but an obligation to use its reach and power to promote a particular agenda that risks deterring users and provoking a political and regulatory backlash? Allies are now on google boss soon, pei. He says, germany is being fixed, but does google need fixing to users . of google? Jet mini, the tech giants artificial intelligence model, recently noticed that asking IT to create images of hiking german soldiers from one thousand hundred and forty three or america's finding fathers, produced surprising results. Hardly any of the people depicted were White. gen. I have been programmed to show a range of ethnicities. Other image generation tools have been criticized because they tend to show White men when ask for images of entrepreneurs or doctors. Google wanted germany to avoid this trap. Instead, IT fell into another one depicting George washington as black and the pope as an asian woman. Some observers like to demonize a historical al diversity to hamilton or bridgeton. IT seemed that google had merely made a well meaning mistake, but IT was a gift to the tech industry y's wiping critics. On february twenty second, google said that would hold the generation of images of people while IT. But by then attention had moved onto the chat path's text responses, which turned out to be just as surprising. German, I happily provided arguments in favor of affirmative action in higher education but refused to provide arguments against IT declined to write a job at for a fossil fuel lobby group because fossil fuels are bad and lobby group's prioritize the interests of corporations over public while being asif hamas is a terrorist organisation IT replied that the conflict in gaza is complex. Asked if elon mosques tweeting of means had done more harm than hitler, IT said IT was difficult to say you do not have to be bench pero to design a progressive bias in adequate testing may be partly to blame. Google lags behind open ne, maker of the Better known checkup as IT raises. To catch up, google may have cut corners. Other chat bots have had controversial launches, releasing chatbot and letting users uncover odd behaviors, which can be swiftly patched. Let firms move faster, provided they are prepared to whether the potential risks and by publicity observes, even like a professor at water business school. But germany has clearly been deliberately calibrated or fine tuned to produce these responses. They are not halcyons. Where model makes things this way is questions about google culture. Is the firm s so financially secure with vast profits from internet advertising that IT feels free to try its hand of social engineering? Do some employees think IT has not just an opportunity, but an obligation to use its reach and power to promote a particular agenda that risk deterring users and provoking the political and regulatory backlash? H Alice are now on google boss thunder peachy. He says gemini is being fixed, but does google need fixing too? 第二节到此结束。听力部分。本到此结束。 2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题（一） 英语试卷 本试卷共12页，共67题。本试卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 ★祝考试顺利★ 注意事项： 1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How might the woman feel? A. Uneasy. B. Disappointed. C. Unconcerned. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: We are trying to start a club. M: How is it going? W: We were hoping for at least fifteen people, but only two signed up. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man think of the party? A. He doesn’t like the party. B. He hates to prepare for the party. C. It is worthwhile to prepare for the party. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m really looking forward to the party. But it’s all the hard work you have to do before that I don’t enjoy. W: Oh, it’s fine. It gives us the chance to get the house nice and tidy. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. How customers could be best served. B What kind of stores can offer lower prices. C. Whether online stores will replace high-street stores. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I think online shopping will replace going out to shops. Online stores can offer much lower prices than the high-street stores. W: I doubt it. I think we’ll always want to touch some things physically and see them before we buy them. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man mean? A. A cold drink can be relaxing. B. Scott and Tina like to play jokes on each other. C. Humor can be helpful in embarrassing situations. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: With Scott and Tina both up for the same job, I feel nervous when they’re in the same room. M: I just try to act normally, like tell them a joke or something. That usually breaks the ice. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Bring a gift. B. Return something. C. Have dinner. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: It’s really nice of you to cook for me tonight. W: I’m glad to do it. You’ve been so helpful, and it’s only fair that I return the favour. I hope you’ve brought your appetite. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有10秒钟的时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What do we know about Mr Bannister? A. He is new to the company. B. He works on the trade deal. C. He is not experienced enough. 7. Who do the speakers think is suitable for the position? A. Mr Duncan. B. Mrs Templeton. C. Amelia. 【答案】6. C 7. B 【解析】 【原文】W: There are many candidates for this promotion. In my opinion, Mr Bannister has proven himself to the company, but he doesn’t have much experience. M: I agree with you, Amelia, but we shouldn’t ignore Mrs Templeton. She really helped us a lot with the trade deal last year. W: I didn’t think about that. You’re right. We should go with her, as she’s been with us longer. M: Let’s inform Mr Duncan that we’ve reached a decision. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Where are the speakers probably? A. On a game show. B. In a spaceship. C. In a bank. 9. Who was the first woman in space? A. Anna Edison. B. Sally K. Ride. C. Valentina Tereshkova. 【答案】8. A 9. C 【解析】 【原文】M: So, Anna, if you answer this question correctly, we’ll put $1 million in your bank account today. Are you ready? W: Yes. Please go ahead. M: Well here’s the question. Who was the first woman to go into space? W: The answer is American astronaut Sally K. Ride. M: Oh, Anna, I’m afraid that’s incorrect. W: I’m sorry, I just remembered Valentina Tereshkova. M: Yes, the Russian. I’m afraid I need to take your first answer. But you still walk away with $250,000. Ladies and gentlemen, a round of applause for Anna Edison. W: Thank you. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. Why are the two speakers upset? A. It may snow during their vacation. B. They may not be able to take their vacation. C. They may fail to join the graduation ceremony. 11. What can we learn about their vacation? A. They are going skiing. B. They have made bookings for their plane. C. Their flight has been cancelled. 12. What made them miss so many classes? A. The earthquake. B. The bad winter. C. A terrible flu. 13. What are they going to do right now? A. Talk to Professor Hampton. B. Speak to all of the other people. C. Call the travel agency. 【答案】10. B 11. B 12. B 13. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Cindy! Have you heard the news? W: No, Steve. What do you mean? M: You know all the classes we’ve missed because of the snow? We’re going to have to make them up and it will have to be during the spring break. W: Oh, no! We have our vacation all set! What are we going to do? Do the others know that? M: I don’t know but I certainly can’t afford to miss five days of classes this term. W: But I really don’t want to cancel our trip. All of us have already booked our plane tickets! M: I can try to call the travel agency; maybe they can return our money. But before we do anything we need to speak with our professors. W: You think they’ll excuse us from class? M: I don’t know. But I think we’re going to have to speak to all of them anyway. W: Why didn’t they add extra days at the end of the term before summer classes? M: Because of the graduation date, which can’t be changed! W: Are other colleges around here doing the same thing? M: I would imagine so! It has been such a bad winter and we’ve missed too many classes. We really need to make them up. W: I know, I know. I was just really looking forward to this vacation. The idea of the sun and the beach! M: Oh, look, there’s Professor Hampton right now! W: Come on, let’s go and talk to him. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. How many nights is the man going to stay at the hotel? A. One night. B. Two nights. C. Four nights. 15. What time is it now? A. 6:30 pm. B. 10:00 pm. C. 10:45 pm. 16. What is on the 14th floor? A. A gym. B. A restaurant. C. A swimming pool. 17. What does the woman tell the man about breakfast in the end? A. How good it is. B. How much to pay for it. C. Where and how long it is. 【答案】14. A 15. C 16. A 17. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Good evening. Do you have any rooms available at the moment? W: Yes, we do. How many nights do you want to stay? M: Four, if it’s possible. W: Okay, let me see... I’m sorry, sir. I’m afraid we can only give you a room for two nights. It’s a very busy period right now. We’re almost fully booked these days. M: All right. I’ll just stay for tonight, then. It’s too late to go to other hotels now. I’ll search for another one tomorrow. W: That’s an excellent idea, sir. And thank you for your understanding. So, a single room for one night. Here is your key card, and your room is on the 7th floor. M: Thanks. By the way, is there a swimming pool in the hotel? W: Yes, there is. It’s on the 15th floor. But it closes at 10:00 pm., so it was closed 45 minutes ago already. M: That’s too bad. W: We do have a gym that opens 24 hours. It’s on the 14th floor. M: Great! Thanks for letting me know. W: You’re welcome, sir. Oh, before I forget, breakfast is served on the 2nd floor from 6:30 to 10:00 in the morning. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. What do the words “this trap” in the first paragraph refer to? A. Having a racial bias. B. Responding to wrong texts. C. Criticizing political figures. 19. What does Ethan Mollick think of Gemini’s early launch? A. Creative. B. Promising. C. Controversial. 20. What can we infer about Google from the last paragraph? A. Its employees are irresponsible. B. It needs further improvement. C. Its security is doubted. 【答案】18. A 19. C 20. B 【解析】 【原文】Users of Google Gemini, the tech giant’s artificial-intelligence model, recently noticed that asking it to create images of Vikings, German soldiers from 1943 or America’s Founding Fathers produced surprising results: hardly any of the people depicted were white. Gemini had been programmed to show a range of ethnicities. Other image-generation tools have been criticised because they tend to show white men when asked for images of entrepreneurs or doctors. Google wanted Gemini to avoid this trap; instead, it fell into another one, depicting George Washington as black and the pope as an Asian woman. Some observers likened Gemini’s ahistorical diversity to “Hamilton” or “Bridgerton”. It seemed that Google had merely made a well-meaning mistake. But it was a gift to the tech industry’s right-wing critics. On February 22nd Google said it would halt the generation of images of people while it rejigged Gemini. But by then attention had moved on to the chatbot’s text responses, which turned out to be just as surprising. Gemini happily provided arguments in favour of affirmative action in higher education, but refused to provide arguments against. It declined to write a job ad for a fossil-fuel lobby group, because fossil fuels are bad and lobby groups prioritise “the interests of corporations over public well-being”. Asked if Hamas is a terrorist organisation, it replied that the conflict in Gaza is “complex”; asked if Elon Musk’s tweeting of memes had done more harm than Hitler, it said it was “difficult to say”. You do not have to be Ben Shapiro to discern a progressive bias. Inadequate testing may be partly to blame. Google lags behind OpenAI, maker of the better-known ChatGPT As it races to catch up, Google may have cut corners. Other chatbots have had controversial launches. Releasing chatbots and letting users uncover odd behaviours, which can be swiftly patched, lets firms move faster, provided they are prepared to weather the potential risks and bad publicity, observes Ethan Mollick, a professor at Wharton Business School. But Gemini has clearly been deliberately calibrated, or “fine-tuned”, to produce these responses; they are not “hallucinations”, where a model makes things up. This raises questions about Google’s culture. Is the firm so financially secure, with vast profits from internet advertising, that it feels free to try its hand at social engineering? Do some employees think it has not just an opportunity, but an obligation, to use its reach and power to promote a particular agenda? That risks deterring users and provoking a political and regulatory backlash. All eyes are now on Google’s boss, Sundar Pichai. He says Gemini is being fixed. But does Google need fixing too? 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A With all the dietary information online, it can be hard to know what tips to follow. Watch out for these words and expressions. Fat Is Good It doesn’t matter if you are part of the fat is GOOD for you or BAD for you group, the important question to ask is the source of the fat. If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated (饱和的) fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early. Natural Sugar Is Better The vast majority of sugar we consume is sucrose (蔗糖). It is the white powdered stuff we cook with and is made up of glucose and fructose. How about sugar from honey? It is often marketed as natural and better for you. Actually, it just has its own distinct flavour, but is as sweet because of glucose and fructose. High-pH Water Some people think we need to eat alkali (碱) food to maintain our blood at a pH of 7.4. But everything we eat or drink passes through the stomach, which, at a pH of 1.5, is the most acidic part of the body. It is then neutralised to a pH of 7. So, nothing we eat will change the pH of our blood. Don’t Eat Anything That You Can’t Pronounce Whether foods are natural or highly processed, they are all full of chemicals. Are you supposed to fear “phenylthiocarbamide”, because you can’t pronounce it? This is simply the chemical responsible for the bitter taste found in brassicas, the plants in the cabbage and mustard family. Don’t Eat Food With More Than Five Ingredients(佐料) Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish? Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients? 21. According to the passage, healthier fat ______. A. can be found in fish and plants B. comes from land-based animals C. remains solid at room temperature D. can lower the death rate of elders 22. The passage suggests that ______. A. diets can help adjust the pH of our blood B. honey sugar can do more good than sucrose C. foods with more ingredients may be as healthy D. chemicals we can recognize are safer to take in 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare tips on food choices. B. To introduce different health concepts. C. To recommend fitness recipes to readers. D. To warn us of some dietary misunderstandings. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是对一些常见的饮食相关的说法进行了分析和解释，以帮助人们更好地理解和选择饮食。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated (饱和的) fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early.(如果它来自陆生动物，在室温下很可能是固体，那么它就是饱和脂肪；如果它来自鱼类或植物，在室温下很可能是液体，那么它就是不饱和脂肪。所有证据都表明，摄入更多的不饱和脂肪比摄入更多的饱和脂肪能降低早逝的风险)”可知，鱼类和植物中含有更健康的脂肪。故选A。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish? Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients?(简单的食物不一定对你更健康。例如，如果我在菜谱中使用了中国的五香粉，它就会被算作五种配料之一。然而，如果我把五种香料粉的典型成分分别加入到一道菜中呢？这是否意味着我的食谱突然变坏了，因为它含有超过五种原料？)”可推知，含有更多佐料的食物可能也一样健康，故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章主要讲了一些关于饮食的常见误解，如脂肪的好坏、天然糖是否更好、高pH值水是否更好、以及佐料多的食物是否不好，目的是提醒人们注意这些饮食方面的误解，故选D。 B At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious. Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought. In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me. I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.” 24. What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed. 25. The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______. A. pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community 26. From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______. A. reflects the creator’s spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice 27. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者学习中国书法的经历和感悟，包括初次接触书法时的情景，名字的由来，在美国放弃中文名，回到香港学习书法的原因，老师对自己的评价，以及通过书法对自身的思考和认识等。 24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”.( 我的父母是华裔，所以他们请算命先生给我取名字，希望能给我带来最大的好运。于是，我给自己取了一个毫无意义又尴尬的名字：陈薏温，意思大致是“陈旧”、“薏米”、“温暖”)”可知， 作者认为自己的名字“Chen Yi wen”是无意义且令人尴尬的，虽然父母是为了追求最大的运气才取这个名字，但她还是不喜欢。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought.(当我在美国生活了14年后，于2021年搬到香港时，我决定学习书法。为什么不跟我的传统联系一下呢？我想)”可知，作者决定学习书法是为了重新接触自己的文化根源。故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说：“这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。”他还不如说：“这个字就是你。”)”可推知，从老师的话中，作者了解到书法反映了创作者的精神。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段“During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说：“这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。”他还不如说：“这个字就是你。”)”可知，作者最初学习书法是为了 “接触文化遗产（get back in touch with my heritage）”，但过程中逐渐意识到 “what I was really seeking was a return to myself（我真正寻求的是回归自我）”，最终感悟到 “the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully（书法带来的乐趣让我更全面地了解自己）”。老师最后评价她的字 “this word is yours（这个字是你的）”，暗指 “字如其人”，作者通过书法探索自我、发现内在的价值与美好。故选B。 C “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares. One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis (假说): that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 28. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Reformers tend to devalue researchers’ work. B. Scientists are unwilling to express kind criticisms. C. People hold wrong assumptions about the culture of science. D. The scientific community should practice critical self-reflection. 29. The strategy of “assuming you are wrong” may contribute to ______. A. the enormous efforts of scientists at work B. the reliability of potential research results C. the public’s passion for scientific findings D. the improvement in the quality of evidence 30. The underlined word “demoralizing” in Paragraph 5 means ______. A. discouraging B. ineffective C. unfair D. misleading 31. The tone the author uses in talking about the untested hypothesis is ______. A. doubtful but sincere B. disapproving but soft C. authoritative and direct D. reflective and humorous 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲心理学教授BrianNosek提出“假定自己是错”这一建议用于追求更好的科学，文章围绕该建议展开，论述其背景、面临的挑战及担忧，作者虽对这一假说存疑，但喜欢该建议，希望借助科学社区和方法工具，共同减少错误。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的“But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.(但方法改革并非没有一些烦恼和摩擦。方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。所以，挑战的一部分是弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，这样它就会成为这个过程中受欢迎的、完整的一部分，而不是令人尴尬的杂耍)”可知，方法上的改革面临一些挑战，其中之一就是要弄清楚如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为过程中受欢迎和整合的一部分，这说明科学社区应该实践批判性自我反思。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic presumably shares.(相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议——你的批评者可能也有同样的目标)”及第五段的“Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.(如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志，而事实上，它们恰恰反映了科学的一些特征，正是这些特征使科学成为我们得出关于世界的可靠结论的最佳途径。科学是可靠的，因为它对证据作出反应：随着证据数量和质量的提高，我们的理论也可以而且应该改变) ”可知，“假定自己是错的”这种策略有助于科学家寻找更多的证据，提高了潜在研究结果的可靠性。故选B。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段的“One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science.(对这种方法的一个担忧是，它可能会使科学家……。努力少犯错误的动机可能不如承诺正确的动机有效。另一个担忧是，在科学领域行之有效的策略在与公众交流科学时可能会适得其反。如果不了解科学是如何运作的，就很容易把不确定性或分歧当作反对科学的标志)”可知，在科学领域，追求完全正确往往是一个理想化的目标，因为实现这个目标可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。相比之下，追求变得“不那么错误”可能更为现实和可行。这种方法鼓励科学家不断学习和改进，接受在研究过程中会犯错的可能性，从而更好地理解和解决问题。虽然这种方法可能会减轻一些压力，但也可能会在一定程度上降低科学家的动机和信心，因为他们可能会觉得自己永远无法达到完美的正确性。因此，“假定自己是错的”这种策略可能会让科学家感到士气低落。故选A。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.(尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上)”及最后一段的“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.(不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的可以改变社会规范，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误)”可知，作者用幽默的语调一方面承认自己不确定这个假说是否正确，另一方面又对其抱有希望。由此推知，作者在谈论这个未经检验的假设时使用的语气是反思和幽默的。故选D。 D Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Ernest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence. It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work––these people are the very soul of capitalism. Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity. The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different” and not knowing how to go about it. The student who earns straight A’s on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him. Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes. 32. The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to _________. A. show what a talented musician should look like B. introduce an important figure in the musical world C. contrast with his talent in music performance D. indicate that he can’t stand out from the flock 33. The author would most probably agree that _________. A. an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance B. the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full C. being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual D. those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists 34. According to the passage, which individual’s actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism? A. A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition. B. A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following. C. An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others. D. An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices. 35. For the main thread, the article is organized by way of __________. A. specific to general B. cause and effect C. examples and conclusion D. comparison and contrast 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是个人主义，个人主义有什么特点。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)”可知，作者提到本尼·古德曼的外表与他在音乐表演方面的天赋形成对比。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn’t work and make it work—these people are the very soul of capitalism. (个性的全部目的就是追求卓越。那些发明创造，即兴发挥，比别人更了解一个主题，并采取无效的东西，并使其发挥作用的人-这些人是资本主义的灵魂。)”可知，作者可能同意个人主义的本质在于追求卓越。故选B。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Charles Kettering didn’t like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity. (查尔斯·凯特林不喜欢用曲棍发动汽车，所以他发明了电动启动器。亨利·福特发明了装配线技术，使大规模生产汽车成为可能，而电梯的发明者伊莱沙·奥蒂斯间接地创造了城市的天际线。这些人明白，个人主义意味着尽自己最大的努力工作。)”可知，一个符合大众观点保持大量追随者的社交媒体影响者不能真正体现个人主义的本质。故选B。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)”和第三段“It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. (比别人做得更好让我们与众不同。然而，令人惊讶的是，仍有相当多的人认为个性只是表面现象。他们穿着花哨的衣服，把头发染成奇怪的颜色，用纹身装饰自己的皮肤，以表达某种社会声明。但是一个把头发染成紫色或橙色的普通人只不过是一个长着滑稽脑袋的人。)”可知，本文主要采用比较和对比的方式进行组织。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Art Builds Understanding Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. ____36____ It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. ____37____ This results in the build-up of layers of materials — from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts where the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. ___38___ In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists’ intentions and ideas. ___39___ Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time. ___40___ What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. A. The viewers gain a new perspective on the story. B. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art. C. This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen. D. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work. E. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist. F. For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives. G. Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. E 39. G 40. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了艺术给人们带来的启示和影响。当人们第一次见到一件艺术作品时，我们的经历和感情或许会和它发生链接，从而影响或改变我们的想法，提高思想境界，但是这是如何发生的呢？文章就这个问题进行了讨论。 【36题详解】 下文“It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. (它有助于促进更好地了解我们自己，人类的条件，道德和精神观念)”开头出现一个代词it，说明它指代的内容出现在设空处；结合下文“The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art?(问题是这是如何发生的——有意义的艺术体验的属性是什么？)”可知本段阐述了艺术在认知方面的价值：有助于促进更好地了解我们自己，人类的状况，道德和精神观念；B选项“The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art.(审美认知主义理论描述了艺术的价值)”起到引领下文的作用，符合语境；下文中的“It”指代选项中的“art”，下文中的“understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts”属于“认知主义(cognitivism)”范畴的内容。故选B项。 【37题详解】 上文“Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large.(艺术家的目标是表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息。) ”说明艺术家的目标是表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息；D选项“To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work.(为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在工作发展过程中不断扩展这些想法)”承接上文，阐述了艺术家表达关于人类状况或整个世界的想法和信息的途径；下文“This results in the build-up of layers of materials—from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. (这促成了材料层的积累——从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品。)”承接D选项，指出探索并不断扩展关键的想法促成了材料层的积累，下文中的“This”指代选项中的“explore key ideas and continually expand them”；由此可知，D选项符合语境。故选D项。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. (他们的互动首先涉及到处理表面特征，如颜色、纹理，以及艺术家在创作过程的最后阶段所应用的收尾工作)”可知，观众和艺术家的互动分为两个阶段，开始是欣赏表象内容，比如颜色，纹理等，接下来表达的意思应该就是深入了解一段时间后，观众可以理解艺术背后的观念，E选项“After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist.(在花更多的时间欣赏作品后，观众开始了解艺术家的想法。)”符合题意，故选E项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. (耶鲁大学一个实验室的研究表明，利用艺术欣赏活动的教育项目可以培养创造性思维能力)”可知，耶鲁大学开展的一个研究项目表明使用了艺术欣赏活动的教育项目可以培养创造性思维能力；G选项“Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program.(与没有参加该项目的人相比，参与者的想法更有独创性)”承接上文，继续阐述这项研究发现艺术欣赏活动有助于培养创造性思维能力；选项中“the program”指代前文中的“an educational program”，“original in their thinking”与上文“creative thinking skills”表达意思一致。故选G项。 【40题详解】 上文“Art has the potential to communicate across space and time.(艺术具有跨越时空交流的潜力。)”指出艺术具有跨越时空交流的潜力；C选项“This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen.(这有助于建立其他方式不会发生的联系和见解。)”承接上文，说明艺术跨越时空交流的潜力有助于建立联系和了解，这是其他方式无法达到的。选项中的“This”指代上文“the potential to communicate across space and time”。故选C项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Heads or Tails? Careful: It’s not 50-50 The phrase “coin toss” is a classic synonym for randomness. But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____41____ that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias, ____42____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips, making laboratory tests a logistical (后勤的，组织协调的) ____43____. František Bartoš, currently a Ph.D. candidate studying the research methods of psychology at the University of Amsterdam, became interested in this ____44____ four years ago. He couldn’t ____45____ enough volunteers to investigate it at first. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin flipping later, including one 12-hour marathon ____46____, the team performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000. With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing ____47____ as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows ____48____ to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (侥幸). “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin flips after this data set,” Bartoš says. The leading theory explaining the ____49____ advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by Stanford University statisticians, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of _____50_____. The researchers determined that airborne coins don’t turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); _____51_____, they tend to move off-center, which causes them to spend a little more time high in the air with their initial “up” side on top. For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a 1 percent bias isn’t _____52_____ with just a few coin flips, says statistician Ameli, who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any lasting doubt regarding the coin flip’s slight bias. “This is great experiment-based evidence _____53_____ the bias,” she says. It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply _____54_____ the coin’s starting position before flipping it should do the trick. But if your friends are _____55_____ the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a casino’s house advantage. “If you asked me to bet on a coin,” Bartoš says, “why wouldn’t I give myself a 1 percent bias?” 41. A. confirmed B. denied C. recorded D. suspected 42. A. therefore B. however C. for example D. vice versa 43. A. nightmare B. context C. intervention D. delay 44. A. coinage B. discipline C. challenge D. phrase 45. A. cooperate with B. round up C. shrug aside D. count on 46. A. analysis B. race C. interview D. session 47. A. upward B. evenly C. downward D. uniformly 48. A. volunteers B. gamblers C. psychologists D. statisticians 49. A. accidental B. dominant C. subtle D. prejudiced 50. A. mechanics B. relativity C. geometry D. chemistry 51. A. moreover B. instead C. likewise D. initially 52. A. insignificant B. accessible C. inclusive D. perceptible 53. A. reversing B. integrating with C. backing up D. rejecting 54. A. concealing B. shifting C. perceiving D. anchoring 55. A. favourable to B. opposed to C. unaware of D. suspicious of 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统上认为抛硬币是一种具有随机性的行为，但自18世纪以来，数学家就怀疑即使是均匀的硬币，朝一面的概率会略高于朝另一面。近期František Bartoš通过招募志愿者进行大规模抛硬币实验，发现硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%，证明了存在微小的偏差，为此前的理论计算提供了实验证据。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但自18世纪以来，数学家们就怀疑，即使是公平硬币，朝一面的概率也会略高于朝另一面的概率。A. confirmed确认；B. denied否认；C. recorded记录；D. suspected怀疑。根据上文“The phrase “coin toss” is a classic synonym for randomness.”和表示转折的“But”可知，数学家们并不同意抛硬币的结果是随机的这一看法，因此是怀疑概率并不均等。故选D。 【42题详解】 考查副词和固定短语辨析。句意：然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），这使得实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. for example例如；D. vice versa反之亦然。根据上文“But since the 18th century, mathematicians have ____1____ that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other.”可知，数学家们从理论上进行猜想已经有很长时间了，再结合下文“Proving this tiny bias”和“would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips”可知，实际证明这种微小的偏差需要大量的实验数据，因此前后是转折的关系，强调进行实际证明很困难。故选B。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），这使得实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。A. nightmare噩梦；B. context背景；C. intervention干预；D. delay延迟。根据上文“Proving this tiny bias, ____2____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips”可知，要证明这种微小的偏差需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），工作量非常大，因此这会让实验室测试在组织协调上成为噩梦。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：František Bartoš目前是阿姆斯特丹大学心理学研究方法的博士攻读者，他四年前开始对这个挑战感兴趣。A. coinage铸币；B. discipline纪律；C. challenge挑战；D. phrase短语。根据上文“Proving this tiny bias, ____2____, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin flips”可知，要证明这种微小的偏差需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币（结果），工作量非常大，是一种挑战，因此此处指他开始对这个挑战感兴趣。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始他召集不到足够的志愿者来进行调查。A. cooperate with和……合作；B. round up把……聚集在一起；C. shrug aside对……满不在乎；D. count on依靠。根据下文“he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers from six countries”可知，后来他再次尝试，从六个国家招募了47名志愿者，因此此处指一开始召集不到足够的志愿者，round up和下文的recruiting呼应。故选B。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多个周末的抛硬币，包括一段12小时的马拉松时间，该团队进行了350757次抛硬币，打破了之前40000次的记录。A. analysis分析；B. race竞赛；C. interview面试；D. session一段时间。根据上文“Multiple weekends of coin flipping later”可知，他让志愿者们进行了多个周末的抛硬币，此处是介绍抛硬币的时长，指其中包括一段长达12小时，堪称马拉松的抛硬币时间。故选D。 【47题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果一开始硬币的一面朝上，那么这枚被抛的硬币落地时同一面朝上的概率为50.8%。A. upward向上地；B. evenly均匀地；C. downward向下地；D. uniformly一致地。根据上文“With one side initially upward, the flipped coin landed with the same side facing”可推知，此处指一开始朝上的那一面最终落地也朝上。故选A。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的抛掷让统计学家得出结论，近1%的偏差不是侥幸。A. volunteers志愿者；B. gamblers赌徒；C. psychologists心理学家；D. statisticians统计学家。根据上文“The large number of throws”和下文“to conclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (侥幸)”可推知，大量的抛掷具有统计学意义，可以让统计学家得出近1%的偏差不是侥幸的结论。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：解释这种微妙优势的主要理论来自斯坦福大学统计学家2007年的一项物理学研究，他们的计算预测了51%的同侧偏差。A. accidental意外的；B. dominant主导的；C. subtle微妙的；D. prejudiced有偏见的。根据下文“you may as well benefit from your slight advantage”可知，这是一种微妙的优势，subtle和下文的slight呼应。故选C。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从一枚硬币被抛向空中的那一刻起，它的整个轨迹——包括它是正面还是反面着地——都可以用力学定律计算出来。A. mechanics力学；B. relativity相对论；C. geometry几何学；D. chemistry化学。根据上文“its entire track — including whether it lands on heads or tails”及常识可推知，能计算出被抛掷的硬币的整个轨迹，以及哪一面着地的是力学定律。故选A。 【51题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员确定了，空中的硬币不会围绕它们的对称轴转动；相反，它们倾向于偏离中心，这导致它们在空中停留的时间更长，而最初“向上”的那一面是在上面的。A. moreover此外；B. instead相反；C. likewise同样地；D. initially最初地。根据上文“airborne coins don’t turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴)”和下文“they tend to move off-center”可知，空中的硬币不会围绕它们的对称轴转动，它们倾向于偏离中心，前后是相反的情况，因此用instead“相反”衔接。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有参与这项新研究的统计学家Ameli说，对于日常决策来说，抛硬币事实上等同于随机，因为仅仅抛几次硬币是察觉不到1%的偏差的。A. insignificant微不足道的；B. accessible可接近的；C. inclusive包容的；D. perceptible可察觉的。根据上文“For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random”可知，对于日常决策来说，抛硬币事实上等同于随机，再结合常识可知，这是因为日常生活中不可能大量抛硬币，这种偏差是无法察觉的。故选D。 【53题详解】 考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：她说：“这是支持这种偏差很好的实验证据。”A. reversing倒车；B. integrating with与……融合；C. backing up支持；D. rejecting拒绝。根据上文“the study’s conclusions should eliminate any lasting doubt regarding the coin flip’s slight bias”可知，Bartoš的研究结论消除了人们对硬币抛掷存在轻微偏差的一切长期怀疑，因此是支持这种偏差很好的实验证据。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要防止这种偏差影响你的掷硬币比赛并不难；只要在抛硬币之前遮住硬币的起始位置就可以了。A. concealing遮盖；B. shifting转移；C. perceiving察觉；D. anchoring使固定。根据上文“It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches”可知，此处是介绍如何防止这种偏差影响掷硬币比赛，因此是在抛硬币之前遮住硬币的起始位置，这样就无法知道哪一面朝上，无法获得微弱偏差带来的优势。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但是，如果你的朋友没有察觉到这种微小的偏差，你也可以从你的微小优势中受益。A. favourable to有利于；B. opposed to反对；C. unaware of未察觉到；D. suspicious of怀疑。根据下文“you may as well benefit from your slight advantage”可推知，能让自己从微小优势中受益的条件是朋友没有察觉到这种微小的偏差。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why We Should Record Travel Moments On a rainy summer day, I took a train to Switzerland and trekked through the mud to a medieval fortress high atop a cliff. After twisting through its dimly lit corridors, I finally _____56_____ (arrive) at the main viewpoint of Cave of the Fairies: a plunging 77m waterfall that shoots from underground into a sparkling pool. As the waterfall wet my jacket, I closed my eyes and took out my phone _____57_____ (record) the rush of dreamy reality before me. I had come in search of a sound, not a sight. Throughout my travels, I’ve found myself _____58_____ (collect) sound recordings the way other people collect souvenirs. Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started doing this as an artistic way to help me remember some of the most interesting details of my trips. Environmental scientist Lauren Kuehne said, “I think that once you start to listen, once you actually start to listen, you start to appreciate how much _____59_____ (big) the world is.” This attitude _____60_____ (echo) by Samara Kester, a retired emergency medicine physician who now serves on QPI’s board. “A photograph is two dimensions. _____61_____ you are looking at something you’re seeing, it’s maybe 180 degrees, maybe 270 degrees. Sound is 360 degrees. You hear it all around you.” Kester explained _____62_____ teaching herself to be a better listener has not only expanded her sense of travel, but helped her relive her travels once she’s back home. “You immerse _____63_____ in that place again. You recreate those memories and therefore recreate the feelings you had, _____64_____ are very hard to express clearly. You can re-experience that and that will send you to where you were before.” Months later back in my L.A. home, I find myself popping on my headphones and listening back to the rush of falling water inside Cave of the Fairies. When I close my eyes, I ______65______ feel the spray of water against my skin, the sense of letting my ears lead me on a faraway adventure. Mentally, I’m right back there — if only for a moment. 【答案】56. arrived 57. to record 58. collecting 59. bigger 60. was echoed 61. When##While 62. how 63. yourself 64. which 65. can 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者喜欢在旅行中记录声音的原因。 【56题详解】 考查时态。句意：在穿过昏暗的走廊后，我终于到达了仙女洞的主要景点：一个77米高的瀑布从地下射入波光粼粼的池塘。根据上下文时态可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填arrived。 【57题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：瀑布淋湿了我的夹克，我闭上眼睛，拿出手机记录下眼前的梦幻现实。分析句子结构并结合句意，这里应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to record。 【58题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的旅行中，我发现自己像其他人收集纪念品一样收集录音。find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”，现在分词作宾补。故填collecting。 【59题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：我认为，一旦你开始倾听，你就会开始意识到世界大得多。根据空前的much可知，这里表示世界大得多，应用big的比较级bigger。故填bigger。 【60题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这种态度得到了Samara Kester的回应，她是一名退休的急诊医生，现在在QPI董事会任职。根据句意可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语This attitude和echo(附和)之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态，且主语为单数，谓语be动词应用was。故填was echoed。 【61题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当你看着你看到的东西时，它可能是180度，可能是270度。分析句子结构，空处引导的是时间状语从句。根据从句中的looking at可知，这里表示延续性的动作，应用when或while引导。置于句首，首字母大写。故填When/While。 【62题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：Kester解释说，教会自己成为一个更好的倾听者不仅扩大了她的旅行感，而且帮助她在回家后重新体验旅行。分析句子结构，空处引导一个表语从句，且从句中主谓宾结构完整，这里表示方式，应用how。故填how。 【63题详解】 考查代词。句意：你再次沉浸在那个地方。根据句意，主语You和宾语指代的事同一人，所以宾语应用反身代词yourself。immerse oneself in意为“使某人自己沉浸在……中”。故填yourself。 【64题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：你重新创造了那些记忆，因此也重新创造了你的感觉，这些感觉很难清楚地表达出来。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the feelings，指物，且空处在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。 【65题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：当我闭上眼睛时，我能感觉到水喷在我的皮肤上，那种让耳朵带我去遥远冒险的感觉。空处应填情态动词。根据句意，这里表示能感觉到，再根据从句中的close可知，这里表示现在的状态，应用can。故填can。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 随着人工智能的快速发展，ChatGPT已进入我们的生活，正逐渐影响我们的学习方式和体验，有人认为它会带来诸多便利，也有人心存顾虑。假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，学校贴吧就此话题正在热议，你对此很感兴趣，决定回帖响应。回帖内容应包括： 1.你是否支持使用ChatGPT; 2.你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a student at Mingqi High School, I am intrigued by the ongoing discussion surrounding the integration of ChatGPT into our lives amidst the rapid development of artificial intelligence. Regarding the use of ChatGPT, I am cautiously supportive, recognizing both its potential benefits and concerns. Firstly, I support the use of ChatGPT because of its convenience and accessibility. With ChatGPT, we have instant access to information and assistance, which can greatly enhance our learning experiences. Whether it’s clarifying concepts, practicing language skills, or receiving personalized feedback, ChatGPT offers valuable support that complements traditional learning methods. Additionally, ChatGPT can foster creativity and exploration. By interacting with ChatGPT, students have the opportunity to engage in stimulating conversations, explore new ideas, and expand their knowledge in diverse subjects. This interactive learning experience can spark curiosity, inspire innovation, and encourage independent thinking among students. However, I also acknowledge the need for caution when using ChatGPT. As with any technology, there are concerns about privacy, accuracy, and overreliance. It’s essential to use ChatGPT responsibly, critically evaluate the information it provides, and maintain a balance between technological assistance and independent learning. In conclusion, while I support the use of ChatGPT as a valuable tool in education, it’s important to approach its integration thoughtfully and mindfully to maximize its benefits while addressing potential challenges. (word: 217) 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。随着人工智能的快速发展，ChatGPT已进入我们的生活，正逐渐影响我们的学习方式和体验，有人认为它会带来诸多便利，也有人心存顾虑。假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，学校贴吧就此话题正在热议，你对此很感兴趣，决定回帖响应。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提高，促进：enhance→prompt/facilitate 鼓励：inspire→motivate 重要的：essential→vital 总之：in conclusion→to conclude 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, I support the use of ChatGPT because of its convenience and accessibility. 拓展句：Firstly, I support the use of ChatGPT because it is convenient and accessible. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Whether it’s clarifying concepts, practicing language skills, or receiving personalized feedback, ChatGPT offers valuable support that complements traditional learning methods.（运用了whether...or引导的让步状语从句） 【高分句型2】With ChatGPT, we have instant access to information and assistance, which can greatly enhance our learning experiences.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As Valentine’s Day, a time for expressing affection through the exchange of presents, drew near, Kendra found herself seated at the kitchen table, carefully penning her name on Valentine’s cards for her classmates. She recognized her own hesitation; words didn’t come easily to her. While she envied the ease with which her peers talked and laughed, her shyness often kept her quiet. Kendra grabbed another card. . Her eyes lit up at the phrase “You’re dynamite (引起轰动的人或物)!”—a term that would undoubtedly delight her Grammy, who frequently used the expression to praise their festive decorations. “Well, that looks dynamite!” Grammy would exclaim, her approval filling Kendra with warmth. Just as Kendra was signing the cards, her mother came in, sharing the sad news of Elise, their neighbor, and her recent accident that led to a broken leg, restricting her to home schooling for the coming weeks. Kendra felt sorry for Elise, and quickly picked the most splendid valentine, hurrying to Elise’s home. Upon arrival, Kendra’s look fell upon the life-sized deer statue decorating the front yard. She studied it, saying to herself, “Wouldn’t this deer look cool with a big heart around his neck? Elise could look out of the window and see it decorated for Valentine’s day.” With this idea, Kendra got the sizable red heart her Grammy had given her, tied it with string, and hung it around the statue’s neck like a festive chain. The next day, she decorated the antlers (鹿角) with a variety of smaller hearts. It was during this act of kindness that Colin and Amy, Elise’s fellow classmates, happened upon the scene. “Are you decorating Elise’s deer for Valentine’s Day?” they asked. Kendra confirmed with a nod, explaining her intention to cheer up Elise. Despite her uncertainty about what to add next, Colin proposed adding some color, while Amy suggested putting decorations on the deer’s back and forehead. United by a shared purpose, they agreed to meet later. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 That afternoon, they met to decorate the deer with the materials they had sourced. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Just then, Elise’s front door opened, and Elise stuck her head out. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 That afternoon, they met to decorate the deer with the materials they had sourced. Colin, with his artistic touch, laid the red blanket over the deer’s back, giving it a festive look. Meanwhile, Kendra, feeling a spark of creativity, carefully placed sparkly heart-shaped stickers upon the deer’s forehead, adding a bit of fun. “That looks so cute!” Amy exclaimed. Then, they decided to create a sign. With Amy’s paper and markers, they crafted a colorful banner that read, “Happy Valentine’s Day, Elise!” The sight of their collective effort made Kendra beam with pride, echoing her Grammy’s words, “That looks dynamite!” Just then, Elise’s front door opened, and Elise stuck her head out. Her eyes widened in surprise, taking in the sight of the festively decorated deer and her friends. “You did this for me? Wow! Thank you!” she grinned. Kendra felt a rush of happiness as Elise’s appreciation washed over them. “Can I join in next time?” Elise asked eagerly. “Of course!” Kendra felt featherlight. The “Deer Valentine” not only brought a smile to Elise’s face but also sowed the seeds of a new friendship and marked a personal milestone in kendra’s journey to openly express her affection for others. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了肯德拉得知邻居伊莉斯出了车祸，摔断了一条腿，肯德拉为伊莉斯感到难过，于是决定装饰前院的鹿雕像，来安慰伊莉斯，正是在这个善意的举动中，科林和艾米，伊莉斯的同学，碰巧出现在了现场。最终他们一起完成了装饰，伊莉斯看到后十分感动和感激。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“那天下午，他们聚在一起，用他们找来的材料装饰这只鹿”可知，第一段可描写他们装饰鹿的经过和感受。 ②由第二段首句内容“就在这时，伊莉斯的前门开了，伊莉斯探出头来”可知，第二段可描写伊莉斯看到装饰的鹿的反应。 2.续写线索：装饰鹿——交流想法——完成装饰——感到骄傲——伊莉斯看到——伊莉斯感激——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①制作：create/craft/make ②决定：decide to/be determined to ③标志：mark/symbolize 情绪类 ①快乐：happiness/joy ②感激：appreciation/thankfulness 【点睛】[高分句型1] Colin, with his artistic touch, laid the red blanket over the deer’s back, giving it a festive look. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] Kendra felt a rush of happiness as Elise’s appreciation washed over them. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $