精品解析：北京房山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（学业水平调研(一））

房山区2023-2024学年度第二学期学业水平调研（一） 高二英语 本试卷共10页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was eight, I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it. But, as usual, I was broke. I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister, Kathleen, for a loan. She agreed to ___1___ me the money, but added, “I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every month until you pay me back.” “Compound interest — what’s that?” I asked. “Well, interest is the ___2___ money borrowers have to pay back on a loan,” she explained. “Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the longer you take to pay back the loan.” “Sure. I get it,” I said. Though truthfully, I was getting ___3___. Kathleen lent me the money, and I ___4___ the toy. My birthday came a month later, and my mom gave me $10. That was just the amount I needed to buy another toy. I ___5___ paying my sister for a month. After another month, I forgot about the loan. Several months later, on Christmas morning, my sister and I each found a $20 bill in our stockings. I was just putting it into my pocket when Kathleen stopped me. “Sorry, that’s mine. I’m ___6___ on your debt.” “Huh?” Then I remembered the loan. “Hey! How can it be that much? I only borrowed $10. “True,” she said, “but ___7___ has been compounding for eight months. Now you owe me $21.43.” I refused to ___8___ that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly. Much to my ___9___, my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up. This time, I got the basic idea of compound interest. I _____10_____ the hard way that borrowing money can be “double trouble” in no time. My sister successfully taught me how to use and manage my money. 1. A. hand B. lend C. give D. pay 2. A. limited B. exact C. extra D. same 3. A. satisfied B. confused C. frightened D. encouraged 4. A. sold B. made C. fixed D. bought 5. A. put off B. took up C. ended up D. started off 6. A. relying B. focusing C. carrying D. collecting 7. A. interest B. cost C. tax D. salary 8. A. announce B. promise C. prove D. believe 9. A. annoyance B. regret C. relief D. delight 10. A. questioned B. explained C. learned D. explored 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Little Prince ____11____ (tell) us the importance of looking beneath the surface of things to uncover their real meanings. I like it because it is simple, and yet it really made me think a lot ____12____ life and death, love and responsibility, friendship and loneliness. One of the most memorable characters in the book is a rose, ____13____ the little prince fell in love with. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I hurried to the store, I saw that the books were already being packed into ____14____ (box). I had a long chat with Casey, the store’s elderly owner. Sighing ____15____ (deep), he told me how it was becoming difficult to run an independent bookstore. More and more customers ____16____ (attract) by chain stores and online discounts. I tried to think of some words of sympathy, ____17____ I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn’t stay in business much longer. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It’s a tragic story that ____18____ (begin) in 1810 when humans arrived on Macquarie Island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice. These small animals quickly took over the island ____19____ (eat) the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island ____20____ (control) the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re an English learner or an English speaker looking to widen your vocabulary, a good dictionary app is a must. Merriam-Webster Merriam-Webster is a well-known and highly trusted dictionary. The app provides quality definitions, audio pronunciations and usage examples. It even lets you search for words by speaking them! This feature is perfect when you hear a word you don’t understand but aren’t sure how it’s written. Oxford Dictionary of English The Oxford Dictionary of English app is a comprehensive and reliable resource for English language reference. The app provides clear and concise definitions, along with audio pronunciations and example sentences. You can also access synonyms, antonyms and word origins. Additionally, the app offers offline functionality, allowing you to access the dictionary even without an internet connection. Vocabulary.com The Vocabulary.com dictionary app is excellent for English learners because it has very easy-to-understand definitions. The site says it’s “as if your favorite teacher were explaining it to you.” Each definition has explanations of what the word means and also when and how you would use it. It even turns learning into a game by letting you earn points! FluentU FluentU takes real-world videos and turns them into personalized language learning lessons. It uses a natural approach that helps you ease into the English language and culture over time. You’ll learn English as it’s spoken in real life. The best part is that FluentU keeps track of the vocabulary that you’re learning and gives you extra practice with difficult words. It even reminds you when it’s time to review! 21. Merriam-Webster app can help English learners ________. A. find right words to speak perfect English B. search for a word even without an internet connection C. learn difficult words by practicing more and reviewing D. look for a word when they are unsure about its spelling 22. Which dictionary app proves English learners with simple definitions and interesting learning? A. Merriam-Webster. B. Oxford Dictionary of English. C. Vocabulary.com. D. FluentU. 23. What’s the main purpose of this passage? A. To recommend useful dictionary apps. B. To give suggestions on English learning. C To offer advice on how to use a dictionary app. D. To introduce the sources of English vocabulary. B When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him o the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic. I understood what he was saying, but I never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches. It was a long way up, but I thought I’d give it a shot. I started climbing. Then I looked down. And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up. When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds. Then I got to notice how wonderful the breeze smelled. It seemed like sunshine and wild grass and rain! I couldn’t stop breathing it in, filling my lungs again and again with the sweetest smell I’d ever known. I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again. It wasn’t long before I wasn’t afraid of being up so high and found the spot that became my spot. I could sit there for hours, just looking out at the world. Sunsets were amazing. Some days they’d be purple and pink, some days they’d be a blazing orange, setting fire to clouds across the horizon. It was on a day like that when my father’s notion (观念) moved from my head to my heart. The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined. 24. Why did the author climb up the sycamore tree? A. To practice climbing skills. B. To get a trapped kite. C. To prove her courage. D. To play in the tree. 25. The author’s climbing experience was ________. A. well-planned and interesting B. adventurous but rewarding C. competitive and imaginative D. unusual but painful 26. The author liked being up high in the tree because ________. A she could enjoy more than good views B. her father encouraged her to do so C. it could help her to concentrate D. the tree had the sweetest smell 27. What does the author intend to tell us? A. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. B. Beautiful things don’t ask for attention. C. Positive action leads to happiness. D. Practice makes perfect. C Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years. Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. They found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had,” explains Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions. Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.” As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says. 28. The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 to ________. A. provide a solution B. predict the ending C. express an opinion D. highlight the problem 29. As for seed-dispersing animals, which would the author agree with? A. They are vital and endangered. B. They are being well conserved. C. They are unrelated to whole ecosystems. D. They are widespread across the temperate regions. 30. What does Fricke conclude from the study? A. Seed-dispersing animals play an important role in preventing climate change. B. The loss of seed-dispersing animals has hardly affected temperate regions. C. Rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems. D. Plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them. D A person could be forgiven for believing 20 years ago that the Internet would soon revolutionise academic publishing, because it became possible for publishers to spread scholarly work at the click of a button — much cheaper than the traditional subscription-based (订阅) model. Recognising the opportunity, many scholars and librarians started to advocate a new, open access model, in which articles are made freely available online to anyone. The result would be a true online public library of science. However, more than two decades later, the movement has made little progress, and the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched. Fortunately, things are changing. A big shoe dropped when the University of California (UC) Libraries, on of the biggest library systems, declined to renew its contract with Elsevier, a leading scientific publisher. Elsevier wanted the libraries to pay two fees: one for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier’s open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn’t come to terms, the libraries walked away. Actually, the open access revolution is more likely to be led by research funding agencies, who can use their purse power to promote open access. A team of funders, Coalition S, insisted that any research they fund should be published in a journal that makes all of its articles freely and immediately available to the public, which is called Plan S. Now that some librarians and funders are flexing their muscles, what should academics do? The worst response would be to complain that Plan S deprives (剥夺) them of academic freedom. Some thoughtful academics might worry that a shift to open access would affect their promotion. After all, subscription journals are more familiar and more prestigious (有威望的) in the current system. However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible. When the journal system started in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized (商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots. 31 What does the underlined word “entrenched” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Unpopular. B. Unfixed. C. Unchanged. D. Unknown. 32. What is the main cause of the failed negotiation between UC Libraries and Elsevier? A. The number of published researches. B. The charge for open access model. C. The duration of the contract. D. The way of payment. 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Academics think open access model will help them get promoted. B. Publishers are willing to abandon the subscription model gradually. C. Establishing a true online public library of science requires joint efforts. D. Open access model will soon take the place of subscription-based model. 34. What is the author’s attitude towards the open access model? A. Disapproving. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Supportive. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Emojis are everywhere. They offer effective and fun ways to interact with others. Used well, they can become an engaging and creative addition to communication. ____35____ One well-chosen emoji can replace many words of text ____36____ Or a thumbs-up emoji might save you from writing out your agreement to something in full. ____37____ And when you can’t hear someone’s tone of voice or read their body language, an image can be particularly helpful for understanding their meaning. Emojis are clear, colorful, and designed to convey a single message memorably — which has been shown to increase interest and engagement. They stand out among text, especially when the recipient is working quickly or on the move. Many emojis mean the same thing to everyone, everywhere. ____38____ For example, a smiling face emoji will let anyone know that you’re happy, whatever language you speak! Emojis can help you to show your human side, making you seem friendlier and more approachable. What’s more, the brain reacts to images of faces, and to real faces, in a very similar way. Alongside all the potential benefits of emojis that we’ve listed above, there are also dangers you’ll need to guard against. ____39____ For example, a red-faced character could be angry, or embarrassed. Like any language, you need to “speak Emoji” with care. If not, you run the risk of creating confusion, conveying the wrong impression, or even causing serious offense. A. Here are some of the reasons why emojis are so popular. B. Many employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. C. An emoji is often easier and quicker to understand than a written explanation. D. So they can break through language barriers, and promote easy communication. E. For example, you could select an emoji of a house to set your status as “working from home.” F. A poorly chosen emoji can cause problems, because some of the images are not universally understood. G. For example, the crossed fingers emoji means good luck in some places, but it’s seen as an impolite sign in others. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Skyscrapers (摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem. Vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. They believe that we can increase food production by changing our thinking from out to up. Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances. These have been well recognized. Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal. Experts agree that new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. 40. According to this passage, what could be a big problem? _______________________________________________________________ 41. What would be the advantages of vertical farming? _______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Vertical farms could meet people’s demand for available food all year round, because it could produce crops constantly and crops would not be affected by any problems. _______________________________________________________________ 43. In addition to vertical farms, what else do you think can help solve the food shortage? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim遇到了时间管理方面的问题，特发来邮件向你求助，请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示安慰； 2. 给出建议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 房山区2023-2024学年度第二学期学业水平调研（一） 高二英语 本试卷共10页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was eight, I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it. But, as usual, I was broke. I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister, Kathleen, for a loan. She agreed to ___1___ me the money, but added, “I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every month until you pay me back.” “Compound interest — what’s that?” I asked. “Well, interest is the ___2___ money borrowers have to pay back on a loan,” she explained. “Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the longer you take to pay back the loan.” “Sure. I get it,” I said. Though truthfully, I was getting ___3___. Kathleen lent me the money, and I ___4___ the toy. My birthday came a month later, and my mom gave me $10. That was just the amount I needed to buy another toy. I ___5___ paying my sister for a month. After another month, I forgot about the loan. Several months later, on Christmas morning, my sister and I each found a $20 bill in our stockings. I was just putting it into my pocket when Kathleen stopped me. “Sorry, that’s mine. I’m ___6___ on your debt.” “Huh?” Then I remembered the loan. “Hey! How can it be that much? I only borrowed $10. “True,” she said, “but ___7___ has been compounding for eight months. Now you owe me $21.43.” I refused to ___8___ that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly. Much to my ___9___, my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up. This time, I got the basic idea of compound interest. I _____10_____ the hard way that borrowing money can be “double trouble” in no time. My sister successfully taught me how to use and manage my money. 1. A. hand B. lend C. give D. pay 2. A. limited B. exact C. extra D. same 3. A. satisfied B. confused C. frightened D. encouraged 4. A. sold B. made C. fixed D. bought 5. A. put off B. took up C. ended up D. started off 6. A. relying B. focusing C. carrying D. collecting 7. A. interest B. cost C. tax D. salary 8. A. announce B. promise C. prove D. believe 9. A. annoyance B. regret C. relief D. delight 10. A. questioned B. explained C. learned D. explored 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者八岁时一次借钱的经历。本来作者只借了姐姐10美元，可是最终作者的债务累加到了21.43美元。经过这次经历，作者明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她同意借钱给我，但补充道：“我会每月向你收取10%的复利，直到你还我为止。”A. hand上交；B. lend借出；C. give给予；D. pay支付。根据“I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister, Kathleen, for a loan.”可知，作者是向姐姐借钱。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“嗯，利息是借款人必须偿还贷款的额外资金，”她解释道。A. limited限的；B. exact精确的；C. extra额外的；D. same相同的。根据“Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the longer you take to pay back the loan.”可知，利息是借钱人在归还贷款时额外付的钱。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管说实话，我还是感到困惑。A. satisfied 满意的；B. confused困惑的；C. frightened害怕的；D. encouraged鼓励的。根据下文““Huh?” Then I remembered the loan. “Hey! How can it be that much? I only borrowed $10.”可知，作者不是很明白，所以感到困惑。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯萨琳借钱给我，我买了玩具。A. sold售出；B. made制造；C. fixed固定；D. bought买。根据上文“When I was eight, I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it.”可知，作者借钱买了玩具。故选D。 5题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我推迟了一个月给姐姐还钱。又过了一个月，我忘记了借钱的事。A. put off推迟； B. took up拿起；C. ended up结束； D. started off启动。根据“My birthday came a month later, and my mom gave me $10. That was just the amount I needed to buy another toy.”可知，作者得到的钱又要买另外一个玩具，所以推迟了还钱。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对不起，那是我的。我在收你的债。A. relying依赖；B. focusing聚焦；C. carrying搬运；D. collecting收集。根据“I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every month until you pay me back.”可知，姐姐向作者收债。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但利息已经复利八个月了。现在你欠我21.43美元。A. interest利息；B. cost成本；C. tax税收；D. salary工资。根据“I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every month until you pay me back.”可知，除了收债，还有利息。故选A 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信一笔10美元的贷款能这么快翻倍。A. announce宣布；B. promise承诺；C. prove证明；D. believe相信。根据“This time, I got the basic idea of compound interest.”和“that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly.”可知，作者无法相信10美元的贷款会有那么多的利息。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常恼火的是，我姐姐拿着她的铅笔和平板，向我展示了利息是如何叠加的。A. annoyance烦恼；B. regret遗憾；C. relief宽慰；D. delight喜悦。根据“my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up.”可知，姐姐向作者展示，让作者更恼火。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解到借钱很快就会成为“双重麻烦”。A. questioned质疑；B. explained解释；C. learned了解，学习； D. explored探索。根据“My sister successfully taught me how to use and manage my money.”可知，作者从这次经历了解到借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Little Prince ____11____ (tell) us the importance of looking beneath the surface of things to uncover their real meanings. I like it because it is simple, and yet it really made me think a lot ____12____ life and death, love and responsibility, friendship and loneliness. One of the most memorable characters in the book is a rose, ____13____ the little prince fell in love with. 【答案】11. tells 12. about 13. which 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《小王子》告诉我们一些道理，令人印象深刻。 【11题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：《小王子》告诉我们透过事物的表面去发现其真正意义的重要性。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是The Little Prince，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填tells。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：我喜欢它，因为它很简单，但它确实让我思考了很多关于生与死、爱与责任、友谊与孤独的问题。think about“思考，考虑”。故填about。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：书中最令人难忘的人物之一是一朵玫瑰花，小王子爱上了它。句中先行词为rose，在非限定性定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I hurried to the store, I saw that the books were already being packed into ____14____ (box). I had a long chat with Casey, the store’s elderly owner. Sighing ____15____ (deep), he told me how it was becoming difficult to run an independent bookstore. More and more customers ____16____ (attract) by chain stores and online discounts. I tried to think of some words of sympathy, ____17____ I had to admit that the Rainbow Bookstore couldn’t stay in business much longer. 【答案】14. boxes 15. deeply 16. were attracted 17. but 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去书店看到其面临困境及与店主交谈。 【14题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：当我匆忙赶到书店时，我看到书已经被装进箱子里了。名词box为可数名词，前面无冠词，此处表示泛指，所以用复数形式。故填boxes。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：他深深地叹了口气，告诉我经营一家独立书店变得多么困难。修饰动词，用副词形式deeply，表示“深深地”。故填deeply。 【16题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：越来越多的顾客被连锁店和网上折扣所吸引。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语More and more customers为复数形式，与attract之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were attracted。 【17题详解】 考查连词。句意：我试图想些同情的话，但我不得不承认，彩虹书店不能再经营下去了。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故填but。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It’s a tragic story that ____18____ (begin) in 1810 when humans arrived on Macquarie Island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice. These small animals quickly took over the island, ____19____ (eat) the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds. Cats were brought to the island ____20____ (control) the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too. 【答案】18. begins 19. eating 20. to control 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类进入麦夸里岛后给该岛屿的生态带来的一系列连锁反应。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这是一个悲剧故事，始于1810年人类抵达麦夸里岛时。that引导定语从句，后面缺少谓语动词，根据is可知，空处需填一般现在时。that指代单数名词story，谓语也用单数，故填begins。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些小动物很快占领了岛屿，吃掉了鸟蛋并攻击小鸟宝宝。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“took over”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“These small animals”和“eat”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填eating。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：猫被带到岛上来控制老鼠和小鼠。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“were brought”，故空处需填非谓语动词，表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to control。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re an English learner or an English speaker looking to widen your vocabulary, a good dictionary app is a must. Merriam-Webster Merriam-Webster is a well-known and highly trusted dictionary. The app provides quality definitions, audio pronunciations and usage examples. It even lets you search for words by speaking them! This feature is perfect when you hear a word you don’t understand but aren’t sure how it’s written. Oxford Dictionary of English The Oxford Dictionary of English app is a comprehensive and reliable resource for English language reference. The app provides clear and concise definitions, along with audio pronunciations and example sentences. You can also access synonyms, antonyms and word origins. Additionally, the app offers offline functionality, allowing you to access the dictionary even without an internet connection. Vocabulary.com The Vocabulary.com dictionary app is excellent for English learners because it has very easy-to-understand definitions. The site says it’s “as if your favorite teacher were explaining it to you.” Each definition has explanations of what the word means and also when and how you would use it. It even turns learning into a game by letting you earn points! FluentU FluentU takes real-world videos and turns them into personalized language learning lessons. It uses a natural approach that helps you ease into the English language and culture over time. You’ll learn English as it’s spoken in real life. The best part is that FluentU keeps track of the vocabulary that you’re learning and gives you extra practice with difficult words. It even reminds you when it’s time to review! 21. Merriam-Webster app can help English learners ________. A. find right words to speak perfect English B. search for a word even without an internet connection C. learn difficult words by practicing more and reviewing D. look for a word when they are unsure about its spelling 22 Which dictionary app proves English learners with simple definitions and interesting learning? A. Merriam-Webster. B. Oxford Dictionary of English. C. Vocabulary.com. D. FluentU. 23. What’s the main purpose of this passage? A. To recommend useful dictionary apps. B. To give suggestions on English learning. C. To offer advice on how to use a dictionary app. D. To introduce the sources of English vocabulary. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种不同的英语词典或学习应用，分别阐述了它们的特点、功能和优势。旨在为读者提供关于这些英语学习工具的信息，以便他们根据自己的需求选择合适的工具。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Merriam-Webster中的“The app provides quality definitions, audio pronunciations and usage examples. It even lets you search for words by speaking them! This feature is perfect when you hear a word you don’t understand but aren’t sure how it’s written.(该应用程序提供了高质量的定义、音频发音和用法示例。它甚至可以让你通过说话来搜索单词！当你听到一个不理解但又不确定它是怎么写的单词时，这个功能是完美的。)”可知，Merriam-Webster应用允许用户通过说出单词来搜索单词，这在不确定单词的拼写时非常有用。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Vocabulary.com中的“The Vocabulary.com dictionary app is excellent for English learners because it has very easy-to-understand definitions. The site says it’s “as if your favorite teacher were explaining it to you.” Each definition has explanations of what the word means and also when and how you would use it. It even turns learning into a game by letting you earn points!( Vocabulary.com词典应用程序非常适合英语学习者，因为它有非常容易理解的定义。该网站称，“就像你最喜欢的老师在给你解释一样。”每个定义都解释了这个词的意思，以及何时以及如何使用它。它甚至把学习变成了一种游戏，让你获得积分！)”可知，Vocabulary.com 词典应用为英语学习者提供了简单易懂的定义，并且将学习过程变得有趣。故选C。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you’re an English learner or an English speaker looking to widen your vocabulary, a good dictionary app is a must.(如果你是一个英语学习者或一个想要扩大词汇量的英语使用者，一个好的字典应用程序是必须的。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了四种不同的英语词典或学习应用，包括它们的特点、功能和优势，旨在为读者推荐这些有用的词典应用，以便他们根据自己的需求选择合适的工具来辅助英语学习。故选A。 B When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him o the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic. I understood what he was saying, but I never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches. It was a long way up, but I thought I’d give it a shot. I started climbing. Then I looked down. And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up. When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds. Then I got to notice how wonderful the breeze smelled. It seemed like sunshine and wild grass and rain! I couldn’t stop breathing it in, filling my lungs again and again with the sweetest smell I’d ever known. I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again. It wasn’t long before I wasn’t afraid of being up so high and found the spot that became my spot. I could sit there for hours, just looking out at the world. Sunsets were amazing. Some days they’d be purple and pink, some days they’d be a blazing orange, setting fire to clouds across the horizon. It was on a day like that when my father’s notion (观念) moved from my head to my heart. The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined. 24. Why did the author climb up the sycamore tree? A. To practice climbing skills. B. To get a trapped kite. C. To prove her courage. D. To play in the tree. 25. The author’s climbing experience was ________. A. well-planned and interesting B. adventurous but rewarding C. competitive and imaginative D. unusual but painful 26. The author liked being up high in the tree because ________. A. she could enjoy more than good views B. her father encouraged her to do so C. it could help her to concentrate D. the tree had the sweetest smell 27. What does the author intend to tell us? A. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. B. Beautiful things don’t ask for attention. C. Positive action leads to happiness. D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】24. B 25. B 26. A 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述作者小时候和父亲一起在门廊上画画、后来爬到梧桐树上去救卡在树枝上的风筝以及经常坐在梧桐树上欣赏美景的经历，表达了对生活中美好事物的感受和体验。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I understood what he was saying, but I never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches.(我明白他在说什么，但我从来没有感觉到他在说什么，直到有一天我爬到梧桐树上去救一只卡在树枝上的风筝。)”可知，作者爬树的原因是为了取回卡在树枝上的风筝。故选B。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I started climbing. Then I looked down. And suddenly I got dizzy and weak.(我开始往上爬。然后我往下看。突然间，我感到头晕和虚弱。)”以及第三段“That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying.(就在这时，对飞得这么高的恐惧开始消失，取而代之的是一种最奇妙的感觉，那就是我在飞翔。)”可知，这一过程充满了冒险性，因为树很高，作者感到害怕和眩晕。但随后，当作者成功救下风筝并开始享受在高处的风景时，她体验到了非常美妙的感受，仿佛自己在飞翔。因此，这次经历虽然冒险，但给予了作者很大的回报和满足感。故选B。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.(我从来没有欣赏过这里的景色。我一直在想站在那么高的树上是什么感觉。我想再次看到它，感受它。一次又一次。)”和第六段“It wasn’t long before I wasn’t afraid of being up so high and found the spot that became my spot. I could sit there for hours, just looking out at the world. Sunsets were amazing. Some days they’d be purple and pink, some days they’d be a blazing orange, setting fire to clouds across the horizon.(没过多久，我就不再害怕站在这么高的地方，找到了属于我的位置。我可以在那里坐上几个小时，看着外面的世界。日落是惊人的。有时它们是紫色和粉红色的，有时它们是耀眼的橙色，点燃了地平线上的云。)”可知，当作者坐在高处时，不仅可以看到美丽的景色，还可以闻到微风的清新味道，感受到飞翔的感觉。作者描述了自己对高处的热爱，并且希望能够再次体验那种感觉。因此，作者喜欢在高处是因为她可以享受到的不仅仅是美丽的景色，还有其他的感官体验。故选A。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.(他会告诉我，奶牛本身就是一头牛，草地本身就是草和花，从树丛中透出的阳光只是一束光，但把它们放在一起，你就有了魔力。)”以及全文内容可知，作者的父亲通过描述牛、草地和阳光等单个元素与它们组合在一起形成的美丽画面，传达了一个观念，即整体大于部分之和。作者通过自己爬树救风筝并欣赏高处美景的经历，进一步体现了这个观念。作者发现，虽然单独看牛、草地和阳光可能并不特别，但当它们组合在一起时，却形成了令人惊叹的美景。同样地，作者在高处所体验到的不仅仅是美丽的景色，还有微风的味道、飞翔的感觉等，这些元素共同构成了作者难以忘怀的美好体验。故选A。 C Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years. Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. They found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had,” explains Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions. Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.” As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says. 28. The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 to ________. A. provide a solution B. predict the ending C. express an opinion D. highlight the problem 29. As for seed-dispersing animals, which would the author agree with? A. They are vital and endangered. B. They are being well conserved. C. They are unrelated to whole ecosystems. D. They are widespread across the temperate regions. 30. What does Fricke conclude from the study? A. Seed-dispersing animals play an important role in preventing climate change. B. The loss of seed-dispersing animals has hardly affected temperate regions. C. Rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems. D. Plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them. 【答案】28. D 29. A 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物帮助植物散播种子对生态系统至关重要，但许多散播种子的动物正濒临灭绝，尤其威胁到热带地区植被。保护这些动物和重新引入它们有助于生态系统恢复力和应对气候变化。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.(非洲大草原大象可以携带种子达到65公里的破纪录距离。这种改变地理范围的能力对植物在气候变化中生存至关重要。然而，就像所有长臂猿物种一样，非洲大草原大象也濒临灭绝，其数量在过去50年中减少了60%)”可知，作者提到非洲草原象的例子是为了展示动物在种子传播中的重要作用以及它们目前所面临的生存威胁，以此强调问题的严重性。故选D项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia.(他们发现，历史上，种子传播动物的减少对北美洲、南美洲、欧洲和澳大利亚南部这些温带地区的植物产生了最大的影响)”可知，种子传播动物非常重要，第三段“Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today.(尽管如此，许多散布种子的热带动物的保护状况不佳，使东南亚和马达加斯加等地区的植物今天面临的风险最大)”可知，许多热带地区种子传播动物保护状况不佳，故作者认为它们至关重要，且濒临灭绝。故选A项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.(“不受气候变化影响，重新引入野生动物可能使我们的生态系统受益，但在气候不断变化的背景下，这样做还有助于增强这些生态系统的气候恢复力，”他说道)”可知，Fricke从研究中得出的结论是重新野化可以提升我们生态系统的气候恢复力。故选C项。 D A person could be forgiven for believing 20 years ago that the Internet would soon revolutionise academic publishing, because it became possible for publishers to spread scholarly work at the click of a button — much cheaper than the traditional subscription-based (订阅) model. Recognising the opportunity, many scholars and librarians started to advocate a new, open access model, in which articles are made freely available online to anyone. The result would be a true online public library of science. However, more than two decades later, the movement has made little progress, and the traditional subscription-based model remains entrenched. Fortunately, things are changing. A big shoe dropped when the University of California (UC) Libraries, on of the biggest library systems, declined to renew its contract with Elsevier, a leading scientific publisher. Elsevier wanted the libraries to pay two fees: one for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier’s open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn’t come to terms, the libraries walked away. Actually, the open access revolution is more likely to be led by research funding agencies, who can use their purse power to promote open access. A team of funders, Coalition S, insisted that any research they fund should be published in a journal that makes all of its articles freely and immediately available to the public, which is called Plan S. Now that some librarians and funders are flexing their muscles, what should academics do? The worst response would be to complain that Plan S deprives (剥夺) them of academic freedom. Some thoughtful academics might worry that a shift to open access would affect their promotion. After all, subscription journals are more familiar and more prestigious (有威望的) in the current system. However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible. When the journal system started in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized (商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots. 31. What does the underlined word “entrenched” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A Unpopular. B. Unfixed. C. Unchanged. D. Unknown. 32. What is the main cause of the failed negotiation between UC Libraries and Elsevier? A. The number of published researches. B. The charge for open access model. C. The duration of the contract. D. The way of payment. 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Academics think open access model will help them get promoted. B. Publishers are willing to abandon the subscription model gradually. C. Establishing a true online public library of science requires joint efforts. D. Open access model will soon take the place of subscription-based model. 34. What is the author’s attitude towards the open access model? A. Disapproving. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Supportive. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了学术出版领域中的开放获取模式与传统基于订阅的模式之间的对比和冲突。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“However, more than two decades later, the movement has made little progress(然而，20多年过去了，这项运动几乎没有取得任何进展)”可推测，传统的订阅模式依然根深蒂固。所以entrenched为“不变的；根深蒂固的”之意。选项A“Unpopular (不受欢迎)”；选项B“Unfixed (不固定的)”；选项C“Unchanged(不变的)”；选项D“Unknown (未知的)”。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Elsevier wanted the libraries to pay two fees: one for its package of licensed journals and the other for the use of Elsevier’s open access model. UC Libraries wanted the licensed journals fee to cover the open access fee; they also wanted open access to all UC researches published in Elsevier journals. When the two sides couldn’t come to terms, the libraries walked away.( Elsevier希望图书馆支付两项费用：一项是其授权期刊包，另一项是使用爱思唯尔的开放获取模式。加州大学图书馆希望授权期刊费用能够覆盖开放获取费用;他们还想开放访问所有发表在Elsevier期刊上的加州大学的研究。当双方无法达成协议时，图书馆走开了。)”可知，加州大学图书馆和Elsevier之间的谈判失败，主要是因为预期费用和访问权限上的分歧。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“However, if enough academics support open access, the system could reach a tipping point beyond which subscriptions no longer signal prestige. Reaching that point would take considerable time and efforts, but it is possible.(然而，如果有足够多的学者支持开放获取，该系统可能会达到一个临界点，超过这个临界点，订阅就不再意味着威望。达到这一点需要相当长的时间和努力，但这是可能的。)”可知，建立一个真正的在线科学公共图书馆需要大家的共同努力。故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“When the journal system started in 1665, it was kind of a form of open access. Journals allowed academics to learn openly from one another. It was only in the 1900s that the journal system became thoroughly commoditized (商品化). Now is the time to bring it back to its roots(当期刊系统在1665年开始的时候，它是一种开放获取的形式。期刊允许学者们公开地相互学习。直到20世纪，期刊系统才彻底商品化。现在是时候把它带回它的根源。)”可知，当学术期刊系统在1665年开始时，它实际上是一种开放获取的形式，允许学者们互相公开学习。只是在20世纪，期刊系统才完全商品化。现在是时候让它回归其本源了。这些描述表明作者支持开放获取模式，并认为应该将其恢复到最初的状态。因此，作者对于开放获取模型的态度是支持的。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Emojis are everywhere. They offer effective and fun ways to interact with others. Used well, they can become an engaging and creative addition to communication. ____35____ One well-chosen emoji can replace many words of text. ____36____ Or a thumbs-up emoji might save you from writing out your agreement to something in full. ____37____ And when you can’t hear someone’s tone of voice or read their body language, an image can be particularly helpful for understanding their meaning. Emojis are clear, colorful, and designed to convey a single message memorably — which has been shown to increase interest and engagement. They stand out among text, especially when the recipient is working quickly or on the move. Many emojis mean the same thing to everyone, everywhere. ____38____ For example, a smiling face emoji will let anyone know that you’re happy, whatever language you speak! Emojis can help you to show your human side, making you seem friendlier and more approachable. What’s more, the brain reacts to images of faces, and to real faces, in a very similar way. Alongside all the potential benefits of emojis that we’ve listed above there are also dangers you’ll need to guard against. ____39____ For example, a red-faced character could be angry, or embarrassed. Like any language, you need to “speak Emoji” with care. If not, you run the risk of creating confusion, conveying the wrong impression, or even causing serious offense. A. Here are some of the reasons why emojis are so popular. B. Many employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. C. An emoji is often easier and quicker to understand than a written explanation. D. So they can break through language barriers, and promote easy communication. E. For example, you could select an emoji of a house to set your status as “working from home.” F. A poorly chosen emoji can cause problems, because some of the images are not universally understood. G. For example, the crossed fingers emoji means good luck in some places, but it’s seen as an impolite sign in others. 【答案】35. A 36. E 37. C 38. D 39. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了emoji（表情符号）在各种情况下的应用、优势以及潜在风险，目的是让读者了解并正确理解和使用emoji。 【35题详解】 根据空前内容“Emojis are everywhere. They offer effective and fun ways to interact with others. Used well, they can become an engaging and creative addition to communication.(表情符号无处不在。他们提供有效和有趣的方式与他人互动。如果使用得当，它们可以成为交流中引人入胜和富有创造性的补充。)”可知，上文提到了表情符号的正确使用可以成为交流中引人入胜和富有创造性的补充。选项A“Here are some of the reasons why emojis are so popular.(以下是表情符号如此流行的一些原因。)”承上启下，承接上文说明表情符号的流行，同时引出下文指出其流行的原因。故选A。 【36题详解】 空前“One well-chosen emoji can replace many words of text.(一个精心挑选的表情符号可以代替很多文字。)”指出表情符号可以代替很多文字。选项E“For example, you could select an emoji of a house to set your status as “working from home.”(例如，你可以选择一个房子的表情符号，将你的状态设置为“在家工作”。)”与空后“Or a thumbs-up emoji might save you from writing out your agreement to something in full.(或者一个竖起大拇指的表情符号可能会让你不用完整地写下你的同意。)”都是第一句话的佐证，指出表情符号可以代替很多文字。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据下文内容“And when you can’t hear someone’s tone of voice or read their body language, an image can be particularly helpful for understanding their meaning.(当你听不到某人的语气或读不懂他们的肢体语言时，图像对理解他们的意思特别有帮助。)”可知，表情符号可以帮助我们理解对方的意思。选项C“An emoji is often easier and quicker to understand than a written explanation.(表情符号通常比书面解释更容易、更容易理解。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是表情符号更容易理解。故选C。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Many emojis mean the same thing to everyone, everywhere.(许多表情符号在任何地方对每个人都有相同的含义。)”可知，许多表情符号都有相同的含义。选项D“So they can break through language barriers, and promote easy communication.(所以它们可以突破语言障碍，促进轻松的交流。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指出许多表情符号在任何地方对每个人都有相同的含义，因此可以突破语言障碍，帮助我们轻松交流。故选D。 【39题详解】 根据空前内容“Alongside all the potential benefits of emojis that we’ve listed above, there are also dangers you’ll need to guard against.(除了我们上面列出的表情符号的所有潜在好处之外，你还需要提防一些危险。)”可知，表情符合也有不好的地方。选项F“A poorly chosen emoji can cause problems, because some of the images are not universally understood.(选择不当的表情符号可能会造成问题，因为有些表情符号并不是所有人都能理解的。)”延续上文内容，指的是有的表情符号并不是所有人都能理解的。与下文所举例子“For example, a red-faced character could be angry, or embarrassed. (例如，一个红脸人物可能表示生气或尴尬。)”内容相符。故选F。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Skyscrapers (摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem. Vertical farms, where urban farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. They believe that we can increase food production by changing our thinking from out to up. Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances. These have been well recognized. Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal. Experts agree that new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. 40. According to this passage, what could be a big problem? _______________________________________________________________ 41. What would be the advantages of vertical farming? _______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Vertical farms could meet people’s demand for available food all year round, because it could produce crops constantly and crops would not be affected by any problems. _______________________________________________________________ 43. In addition to vertical farms, what else do you think can help solve the food shortage? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet. 41. Minimal environmental impact, no habitat disruption for animals, reduced air pollution, lower transportation costs and effects, constant crop production, and minimal use of agricultural chemicals. 42. The false part is “crops would not be affected by any problems”. Although indoor farming can provide constant production and avoid weather-related issues like drought or flooding, it does not mean crops are immune to all problems. Other factors such as disease, pests, or technical malfunctions could still affect crop growth, so this part of the statement is overly absolute and therefore false. 43. Other solutions to address food shortages could involve improving crop yields through advanced genetics and precision agriculture, promoting sustainable farming practices to preserve soil health, reducing food waste through better supply chain management, and increasing public awareness about balanced diets to reduce pressure on specific food groups. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垂直农场作为应对未来食物需求增长和环境保护的新型农业模式，能够在城市中高效、环保地生产食物。 40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.(如何满足地球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题)”可知，随着地球人口增加至91亿且可耕种土地面积不变，如何满足日益增长的食物需求成为了一个重大问题。故答案为How to meet the increasing food needs of our planet。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over long distances.(这种食物的种植对环境的影响微乎其微。与传统农业不同，垂直农业不会占领大片土地，迫使动物离开栖息地，也不会使用重型农业设备污染空气。这些农场还将减少长途运输粮食的成本和负面影响)”及第四段中“Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.(室内农业可以持续生产作物，作物不会受到干旱或洪水等天气相关问题的影响。此外，用于控制昆虫的农用化学品的使用将是最低限度的)”可知，垂直农业的优点，包括对环境影响小、不破坏动物栖息地、减少空气污染、降低长途运输食物的成本和负面影响、能够持续生产作物以及减少农药使用。故答案为Minimal environmental impact, no habitat disruption for animals, reduced air pollution, lower transportation costs and effects, constant crop production, and minimal use of agricultural chemicals。 【42题详解】 考查推理判断。根据第四段中“Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.(室内农业可以持续生产作物，作物不会受到干旱或洪水等天气相关问题的影响。此外，用于控制昆虫的农用化学品的使用将是最低限度的)”可知，室内农业能持续生产且不受天气影响，但并未说作物不会受到任何问题的影响，它们仍然可能受到疾病、害虫和操作问题等问题的影响。因此，所给句子“Vertical farms could meet people’s demand for available food all year round, because it could produce crops constantly and crops would not be affected by any problems.(垂直农场可以满足人们全年对可用粮食的需求，因为它可以持续生产作物，作物不会受到任何问题的影响)”中“crops would not be affected by any problems(作物不会受到任何问题的影响)”这一表述过于绝对，是错误的。故答案为The false part is “crops would not be affected by any problems”. Although indoor farming can provide constant production and avoid weather-related issues like drought or flooding, it does not mean crops are immune to all problems. Other factors such as disease, pests, or technical malfunctions could still affect crop growth, so this part of the statement is overly absolute and therefore false. 【43题详解】 开放性题目。此题要求提出除垂直农业外的其他解决食物短缺的方案，答案不唯一，合理即可。解决粮食短缺的其他解决方案可能包括通过先进的遗传学和精准农业提高作物产量，促进可持续农业实践以保护土壤健康，通过更好的供应链管理减少粮食浪费，提高公众对均衡饮食的认识以减轻特定粮食群体的压力。Other solutions to address food shortages could involve improving crop yields through advanced genetics and precision agriculture, promoting sustainable farming practices to preserve soil health, reducing food waste through better supply chain management, and increasing public awareness about balanced diets to reduce pressure on specific food groups. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim遇到了时间管理方面的问题，特发来邮件向你求助，请你用英文给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示安慰； 2. 给出建议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I understand your struggle with time management and want to offer some comfort. It’s a skill that takes time to develop, but with practice, you’ll get there. To help you out, I suggest you start by identifying your priorities and allocating time accordingly. Additionally, set clear goals and work towards them step by step. Remember to stay focused and avoid unnecessary distractions. With these tips in mind, I’m sure that you’ll find a way to manage your time effectively. Good luck! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的建议信。要求给英国好友Jim写封回信，就其遇到的时间管理方面的问题表示安慰并给出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 想要：want→ would like 建议：suggest → advise 此外：additionally → in addition 不必要的：unnecessary→ uncalled-for/needless 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Remember to stay focused and avoid unnecessary distractions. 拓展句：Remember to stay focused so that you can avoid unnecessary distractions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s a skill that takes time to develop, but with practice, you’ll get there.（运用了that引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】With these tips in mind, I’m sure that you’ll find a way to manage your time effectively.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$