专题09 日清十考点+非谓语动词精讲-2024年八升九英语暑期无忧衔接

专题09 日清十考点+非谓语动词精讲 1.日清十考点 2.非谓语动词精讲 日清十考点 考点一 hold—held—held hold v.举行 v.容纳 (1)Sports meeting is in our school every year. 我们学校每年都举行运动会。 (2)The hall is big enough to 200 people. 这个厅足够大可以容纳200人。 考点二 use useful=helpful be used for be used to do(as) be used to doing used to do n.用处，有用 adj.有用的 被用来做 被用来做 习惯做某事 过去经常做 (1)Knives are used for things. 小刀被用来切东西。 (2)Knives are used to things. 小刀用来切东西。 (3)I am used to up early. 我习惯早起。 (4)He used to in the morning.他以前经常在早上游泳。 (5)It is no use here.在这里等候是徒劳的。 考点三 satisfy satisfied be satisfied with v. 使满意 adj. 感到满意的 = be happy/pleased with 对……满意 (1)The service of the hotel everyone.酒店的服务令每个人都满意。 (2)Is Rey with the food？ Rey对食物满意吗？ 考点四 with without help sb. (to) do sth. help sb. with sth. prep. 有；表达特点 prep. 没有 帮助某人做某事 帮助某人某事 (1) the help of my friends，I can finish my work on time.在我朋友们的帮助下，我能够按时完成任务。 (2)The boy a pair of glasses won the first prize in the competition.戴着一副眼镜得那个男孩赢得了比赛的一等奖。 (3)He went to school breakfast. 他没吃早餐就去上学了。 (4) Rey often helps his mother the housework. Rey经常帮助他的妈妈做家务。 (5)My classmates often help me my English.我的同班同学经常帮助我学习英语。 考点五 by mistake make a mistake/mistakes 错误地 犯错误 我们不应该嘲笑犯错误的人。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 考点六 consider后面一般接名词、代词或动名词短语作宾语，不能直接跟动词不定式。 ① consider doing sth. ②conside……as (to be) consideration 考虑(做)某事 认为……是…… n.考虑 (1)为什么不考虑下做志愿工作呢？(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) This suggestion is hardly worth of serious________ (consider). 考点七 accept/refuse an invitation invite 接受/拒绝邀请 v.邀请 (1)我很难过，因为她拒绝了我的邀请。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) My friend________(invitation) me to have dinner just now. 考点八 【辨析】trust与believe trust 多用来表示“相信某人的品德或能力”等。 believe 侧重于“相信某人所说的话”，后接in时表示“信仰”“信任”，其后的常用搭配语常与宗教、理论、原则、概念及可信任之人有关。 (1)Don’t what the boy said.不要相信这个男孩的话。 (2)We do not ghosts.我们不信鬼神。 考点九 【辨析】however与but，二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其区别如下： however “然而；不过”，比较正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或后面要用逗号隔开，如在句中，其前后都要加逗号。 but “但是”，表示很明显的对比，转折的意味比however要强，从语序上看，but总是置于引出的分句之首。 (1)It’s raining hard. ，they re still working in the field. 雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。 (2)I’d like to go swimming with you， I have to tidy the garden now. 我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必 考点十 【辨析】be made of与be made from be made of The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头做成的。 be made from The wine is made from grain. 这酒是用粮食酿造的。 语法精讲 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句子中不能单独作谓语。 包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 一.动词不定式： 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式作宾语。 1)及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语) [说 明] want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do) (无) help(帮助) to可以省略 begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大 forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 [比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关) forget to do忘记要做某事 He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) forget doing 忘记做过某事 Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) 2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 如：I found to learn to ride a bike not very easy .=I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 3) 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 Why not do...=Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do... I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3.不定式作宾语补足语。 谓 语 动 词(vt.) + 宾语 (人 / 物) +不定式 (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) +sb. / sth. +to (do) make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth. + (do) 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭) I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母) The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时) Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) [注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含 义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有： 一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。 但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4. 不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 [A] 记住下面的一些结构： 被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语) 汉 语 意 思 a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子 give her a book to read 给她一本书读 Is there any (+名词/代词) to (do)? 有…要(做的)吗? It’s time to go. 是走的时间了。/ 该走了。 Do you have any work to do? 你有工作要做吗? I’d like something to eat. 我要点儿吃的。 I have nothing to say. 我没有话要说。 Would you like something to drink? 你要点儿喝的吗？ 5.不定式作状语 [A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。 如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的) I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) [B] 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。 如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩) I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿) [C] 有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。 如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的) [注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。 如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语) They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teacher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。 根据提示完成句子 ①I hope 　 　(find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.  ②He found it hard 　 　(catch up with)his classmates.  ③Father asks me 　 　(not play)computer games before finishing my homework.  ④All the children like Mr.White very much because he often makes them 　 　(laugh).  ⑤Let him 　 　(have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.  ⑥We have two rooms 　 　(live)in,but I can’t decide which one 　 　(choose).  二、动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 2.动名词可以作宾语。 1）want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。 如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) 2）remember / forget / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。 如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 3. 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。 如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) 4.动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动 作。如： Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) 三、分词： 包含现在分词（-ing）和过去分词(-ed)。 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作已经完 成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 2.分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。 1）作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly.(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊！) Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人) He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气) 2）现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作) When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子) In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) 3)现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。 如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 4)过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。 常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。 5）过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆) 动词用法辨析： take、spend、pay、cost的用法： spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth / (in) doing sth. She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一个晚上看那本小说) take的主语通常是事情,句型：It + (take)+sb.+时间+to do…sth.。 This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job.(做这件事情要花我两天的时间) cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型：sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. How much does a house like this cost? (像这样的房子要花多少钱？) pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型：sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物. I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元从他那儿买了书) 根据句子意思和时态，用spend, take, cost和pay 的正确形式来填空。 1. I ________ two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 2. The car ________ him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。 3. They _______________two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 4. I _______ a lot of money for the new computer. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 5. It _________ them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 一、单项选择 1.During our holidays, we should avoid 　　　up at night and oversleeping in the morning.  A.stay　　　 B.to stay C.stayed　　　 D.staying 2.I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people 　　　closer to them.   A.get　　　 B.to get C.getting　　　 D.got 3.　　　 the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone.  A.Enjoyed　　　 B.Enjoying C.Enjoy　　　 D.To enjoy 4.I was deeply moved by the film Hi, Mom. I think it's well worth 　　　.  A.to watch　　　 B.watch　　　 C.watching 5.The doctors and nurses managed 　　　the lives of patients, though they didn't have enough medicine.  A.save　　　 B.saving C.to save　　　 D.to saving 6.Frank and his friends had great fun 　　　volleyball on the beach yesterday.  A.play　　　 B.playing　　　 C.to play 二、语法选择 Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 三、语法填空 Most people today are only worried about 　1　(get)good jobs to make lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 　2　(do) for fun. However, few people think about what they can do　3　(help) others.   There are many people who are less lucky than us. 　4　(volunteer) our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop　5　(do) their jobs for a few months to move to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.   1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  四、根据短文，用括号中所给单词的正确时态或适当形式填空。 We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waster every day and it is 1 (harm) to our environment. In fact, we can do something to help. Even the 2 (simple) everyday activities can make a real 3 (different) to the environment. Here are some ideas for you 4 (live) a green life. Remember these three words; reduce, reuse and recycle. Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and 5 (reduce) pollution. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary. When we do buy thing, please 6 (choose) local products (产品) if possible, and try not 7 (buy) too many things from foreign countries. Reuse means “use again”. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last. Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s’ better than 8 (throw) things away or burning them. Find out what can 9 (recycle) in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programs. We should also buy products 10 (make) from recycled materials. 五、根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 What can we do with recycled things? For Yan Hong, 33, from Chengdu, they can become 1 (amaze) craftwork pieces(手工艺品) She thinks we can reduce 2 (pollute) in this way. She used nut shells 3 (make) a “golden” armor (盔甲). She made a Miao headdress with recycled cans. Even 4 (potato) were used for casting molds (翻模) of a queen’s crown. Yan Hong 5 (use) to be a nurse. But after 6 (start) to make craftwork, she found her real passion. So she left her job at the hospital and opened 7 (she) own shop. Most of her early works were imitations (仿制) of items from TV series and pictures. But the 8 (far) she goes, the more she likes original designs (原创设计). Yan Hong posts videos of her works on YouTube. This wins her many foreign fans, as well as gives her chances to go abroad. In 2019, she 9 (invite) to give a speech at Oxford University in the UK. Her works are popular among young people because many of them are not expensive and most of us can afford 10 (buy) them. 一 China has just opened its FAST radio telescope(射电望远镜)to international scientists. It means scientists across the world can apply for using the telescope to do astronomical observations. FAST is short for Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. It was completed in September2016 and it officially began operating in January 2020.Measuring 500 meters in diameter. FAST is the world's largest single-dish radio telescope, and is 10 times more sensitive than the 100-meter Radio Telescope Effelsberg in Germany. The major scientific task of the telescope is the observation of pulsars(脉冲星).The study of pulsars can help to confirm the existence of gravitational radiation(引力辐射) and black holes, and help solve many other major questions in physics. Another major scientific goal of FAST is to search for life outside the Earth. The telescope is located in a naturally deep and round karst depression(喀斯特洼地)in southwest China's Guizhou Province. The first advantage of the selected site is the altitude(海拔).The average altitude of Guizhou is about1,100 meters. Generally, the higher the altitude, the more the telescope can observe. Secondly, the radio telescope needs to have a"big pan"to receive better signals. The huge natural depression could reduce the difficulty of construction. Moreover, the selected site in Guizhou is far away from cities, and has a low population density, which reduces the interference(干扰) caused by wireless devices such as TVs, mobile phones and radios from human activities. So far, FAST has found over 300 pulsars. Experts predict that the number could reach 1,000 in five years and that the telescope could find and locate the first pulsar outside the Galaxy. 1.Who can use FAST? 2. When did FAST start working officially? 3.What is a main task of FAST? 4.What do we know from the fourth paragraph? 5.What do scientists think FAST will probably be able to do in the future? 二 People read books less often these days. With the invention of TVs, computer games, the Internet and mobile phones, it seems that reading books is no longer a popular activity. However, I believe that books are an important part of our lives. Books offer a great wealth（财富）of learning and are at a cheaper price than taking a course（课程）. Books can make people cleverer, because heavy readers have greater knowledge of how things work and who or what people are. Everything requires reading. Imagine trying to do something as simple as reading the notes on a medicine bottle without good reading skills. Someone may not understand them and become very sick. Even something as simple as walking or driving through the city could become very dangerous without enough reading. Sometimes you must be able to understand what is written and explain the meaning of them. Some people say that reading is a waste of time and we can do better things with our time. Even if we don’t read books, we still read every day and reading books can strengthen our abilities（能力）. Reading is one of the greatest things we can do in our free time. With a book, you can travel anywhere you want, do anything you want, and talk to anyone you want. Reading is very important in our lives, no matter how old you are. So I think people should read books. 1．What activity is less popular these days than before? A．Reading books. B．Shopping online. C．Watching TV. D．Playing computer games. 2．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Reading can improve your memory. B．Reading can make your life interesting. C．Reading can make you smarter. D．Reading can make you relax. 3．Why do some people not read books? A．They have already got enough reading skills. B．Books are too expensive. C．Reading books makes them lovely. D．Reading books just wastes their time. 4．What does the underlined word “strengthen” probably mean? A．Follow. B．Improve. C．Test. D．Show. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．People Should Enjoy Themselves B．How We Improve Reading Skills C．Why People Should Read Books D．What We Love Doing in Our Free Time 三 It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health. First, it is bad for your eyes. A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain (劳损), headaches and dry eyes. So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone. Second, screen use can do harm to children’s brains. A new study shows that using screens too much can affect (影响) how children’s brains grow. If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains. White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills. So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens. Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep. According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20. Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed. Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep. So you’d better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime. To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn’t use screens for long hours. 1．The blue light from your screens can cause _________. A．eye strain B．headaches C．dry eyes D．all of above 2．According to the passage, you can’t sleep well because you _________. A．are the people from 13 to 64 B．take a break every 15 minutes C．have lower levels of white matter D．use screens too much before bed 3．Where may the passage come from? A．A science magazine. B．A travel diary. C．A guide book. D．A storybook. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The ways to keep healthy. B．The harm of using screens too much. C．The ways of using screens. D．The advantages of using screens. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题09 日清十考点+非谓语动词精讲 1.日清十考点 2.非谓语动词精讲 日清十考点 考点一 hold—held—held hold v.举行 v.容纳 (1)Sports meeting is held in our school every year. 我们学校每年都举行运动会。 (2)The hall is big enough to hold 200 people. 这个厅足够大可以容纳200人。 考点二 use useful=helpful be used for be used to do(as) be used to doing used to do n.用处，有用 adj.有用的 被用来做 被用来做 习惯做某事 过去经常做 (1)Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。 (2)Knives are used to cut things. 小刀用来切东西。 (3)I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 (4)He used to swim in the morning.他以前经常在早上游泳。 (5)It is no use waiting here.在这里等候是徒劳的。 考点三 satisfy satisfied be satisfied with v. 使满意 adj. 感到满意的 = be happy/pleased with 对……满意 (1)The service of the hotel sanctifies everyone.酒店的服务令每个人都满意。 (2)Is Rey satisfied with the food？ Rey对食物满意吗？ 考点四 with without help sb. (to) do sth. help sb. with sth. prep. 有；表达特点 prep. 没有 帮助某人做某事 帮助某人某事 (1)With the help of my friends，I can finish my work on time.在我朋友们的帮助下，我能够按时完成任务。 (2)The boy with a pair of glasses won the first prize in the competition.戴着一副眼镜得那个男孩赢得了比赛的一等奖。 (3)He went to school without breakfast. 他没吃早餐就去上学了。 (4) Rey often helps his mother (to) do the housework. Rey经常帮助他的妈妈做家务。 (5)My classmates often help me with my English.我的同班同学经常帮助我学习英语。 考点五 by mistake make a mistake/mistakes 错误地 犯错误 我们不应该嘲笑犯错误的人。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ We should not laugh at those who make mistakes. 考点六 consider后面一般接名词、代词或动名词短语作宾语，不能直接跟动词不定式。 ① consider doing sth. ②conside……as (to be) consideration 考虑(做)某事 认为……是…… n.考虑 (1)为什么不考虑下做志愿工作呢？(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) This suggestion is hardly worth of serious________ (consider). (1)Why not consider doing voluntary work? (2)consideration 考点七 accept/refuse an invitation invite 接受/拒绝邀请 v.邀请 (1)我很难过，因为她拒绝了我的邀请。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ (2) My friend________(invitation) me to have dinner just now. (1)I am sad because she refused my invitation. (2)invited 考点八 【辨析】trust与believe trust 多用来表示“相信某人的品德或能力”等。 believe 侧重于“相信某人所说的话”，后接in时表示“信仰”“信任”，其后的常用搭配语常与宗教、理论、原则、概念及可信任之人有关。 (1)Don’t believe what the boy said.不要相信这个男孩的话。 (2)We do not believe in ghosts.我们不信鬼神。 考点九 【辨析】however与but，二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其区别如下： however “然而；不过”，比较正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或后面要用逗号隔开，如在句中，其前后都要加逗号。 but “但是”，表示很明显的对比，转折的意味比however要强，从语序上看，but总是置于引出的分句之首。 (1)It’s raining hard. However，they re still working in the field. 雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。 (2)I’d like to go swimming with you，but I have to tidy the garden now. 我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必 考点十 【辨析】be made of与be made from be made of 看得出原材料 The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头做成的。 be made from 看不出原材料 The wine is made from grain. 这酒是用粮食酿造的。 语法精讲 非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式，在句子中不能单独作谓语。 包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(-ing,-ed)三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 一.动词不定式： 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1. 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末 其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式 如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。 2.不定式作宾语。 1)及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语) [说 明] want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do) (无) help(帮助) to可以省略 begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大 forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 [比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关) forget to do忘记要做某事 He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) forget doing 忘记做过某事 Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) 2)在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。 如：I found to learn to ride a bike not very easy .=I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) 3) 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 Why not do...=Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do... I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。 3.不定式作宾语补足语。 谓 语 动 词(vt.) + 宾语 (人 / 物) +不定式 (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) +sb. / sth. +to (do) make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth. + (do) 如：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭) I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母) The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时) Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) [注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含 义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有： 一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。 但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4. 不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。 [A] 记住下面的一些结构： 被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语) 汉 语 意 思 a key to lock the door 锁门的钥匙 a box to hold these things 装这些东西的箱子 give her a book to read 给她一本书读 Is there any (+名词/代词) to (do)? 有…要(做的)吗? It’s time to go. 是走的时间了。/ 该走了。 Do you have any work to do? 你有工作要做吗? I’d like something to eat. 我要点儿吃的。 I have nothing to say. 我没有话要说。 Would you like something to drink? 你要点儿喝的吗？ 5.不定式作状语 [A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。 如：He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的) I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) [B] 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。 如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩) I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿) [C] 有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。 如：To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的) [注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。 如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语) They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teacher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。 根据提示完成句子 ①I hope 　to find　(find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.  ②He found it hard 　to catch up with　(catch up with)his classmates.  ③Father asks me 　not to play　(not play)computer games before finishing my homework.  ④All the children like Mr.White very much because he often makes them 　laugh　(laugh).  ⑤Let him 　have　(have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.  ⑥We have two rooms 　to live　(live)in,but I can’t decide which one 　to choose　(choose).  二、动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 2.动名词可以作宾语。 1）want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。 如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) 2）remember / forget / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。 如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 3. 动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。 如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) 4.动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动 作。如： Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) 三、分词： 包含现在分词（-ing）和过去分词(-ed)。 主要区别：现在分词一般有主动或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动作已经完 成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。 2.分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。 1）作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly.(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊！) Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人) He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气) 2）现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作) When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子) In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) 3)现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。 如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 4)过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。 常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。 5）过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆) 动词用法辨析： take、spend、pay、cost的用法： spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth / (in) doing sth. She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一个晚上看那本小说) take的主语通常是事情,句型：It + (take)+sb.+时间+to do…sth.。 This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job.(做这件事情要花我两天的时间) cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型：sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. How much does a house like this cost? (像这样的房子要花多少钱？) pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型：sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物. I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元从他那儿买了书) 根据句子意思和时态，用spend, take, cost和pay 的正确形式来填空。 1. I ________ two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 2. The car ________ him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。 3. They _______________two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 4. I _______ a lot of money for the new computer. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 5. It _________ them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 答案：spend，costs，spend，pay，takes 一、单项选择 1.During our holidays, we should avoid 　　　up at night and oversleeping in the morning.  A.stay　　　 B.to stay C.stayed　　　 D.staying 答案　D　本题考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,是固定搭配。故选D。 知识拓展　常见的接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有很多,需要考生们平时善于积累。例如:finish doing; practice doing; keep doing; enjoy doing; mind doing。 2.I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people 　　　closer to them.   A.get　　　 B.to get C.getting　　　 D.got 答案　B　本题考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,故本题选B。 3.　　　 the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone.  A.Enjoyed　　　 B.Enjoying C.Enjoy　　　 D.To enjoy 答案　D　本题考查非谓语动词。本空应该用动词不定式表目的。故答案为D。 4.I was deeply moved by the film Hi, Mom. I think it's well worth 　　　.  A.to watch　　　 B.watch　　　 C.watching 答案　C　本题考查动词。it's worth doing值得做某事。故答案选择C。 5.The doctors and nurses managed 　　　the lives of patients, though they didn't have enough medicine.  A.save　　　 B.saving C.to save　　　 D.to saving 答案　C　本题考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.设法做成某事。故选C项。 6.Frank and his friends had great fun 　　　volleyball on the beach yesterday.  A.play　　　 B.playing　　　 C.to play 答案　B　本题考查非谓语动词。have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心。故选B。 二、语法选择 Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 语篇解读　 文章介绍了独处正在成为一种流行的生活方式,而并非人们传统上认为的消极处事态度。 1.C　本题考查非谓语动词。在本句中,动名词短语充当句子的主语。故选C。 2.D　本题考查非谓语动词。fear doing sth.害怕做某事,且此处是“害怕被称作”,所以选D。 3.D　本题考查非谓语动词。用v.-ing形式作see的宾语,故选D。 4.B　本题考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.能够做某事。故选B。 5.A　本题考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.选择做某事。故选A。 6.C　本题考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故选C。 7.D　本题考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作后置定语。故选D。 8.B　本题考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式表目的。故选B。 9.C　本题考查非谓语动词。embrace拥抱。空前的介词about后应用动名词形式。故选C。 10.B　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语to have some “me time” once in a while是本句真正的主语,it在本句中充当形式主语。故选B。 三、语法填空 Most people today are only worried about 　1　(get)good jobs to make lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 　2　(do) for fun. However, few people think about what they can do　3　(help) others.   There are many people who are less lucky than us. 　4　(volunteer) our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop　5　(do) their jobs for a few months to move to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.   1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  语篇解读　 本文是一篇有关志愿工作的文章。 1.getting　本题考查非谓语动词。be worried about 担心,about为介词,后面应该用v.-ing形式,故填getting。 2.to do　本题考查非谓语动词。what to do 做什么,在本句中作动词短语think about的宾语。 3.to help　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式表目的。 4.Volunteering　本题考查非谓语动词。在本句中,设空处充当主语,所以要用volunteer的动名词形式,故填Volunteering。 5.doing　本题考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.停止做某事。stop后也可以接动词不定式,stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。 四、根据短文，用括号中所给单词的正确时态或适当形式填空。 We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waster every day and it is 1 (harm) to our environment. In fact, we can do something to help. Even the 2 (simple) everyday activities can make a real 3 (different) to the environment. Here are some ideas for you 4 (live) a green life. Remember these three words; reduce, reuse and recycle. Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and 5 (reduce) pollution. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary. When we do buy thing, please 6 (choose) local products (产品) if possible, and try not 7 (buy) too many things from foreign countries. Reuse means “use again”. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last. Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s’ better than 8 (throw) things away or burning them. Find out what can 9 (recycle) in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programs. We should also buy products 10 (make) from recycled materials. 【答案】1．harmful 2．simplest 3．difference 4．to live 5．reduces 6．choose 7．to buy 8．throwing 9．be recycled 10．made 【导语】本文介绍了我们在日常生活中如何做才环保。 1．句意：我们都需要一个健康的环境，但我们每天产生废物，这对我们的环境是有害的。固定短语be harmful to“对……有害”，故填harmful。 2．句意：即使是最简单的日常活动也能对环境产生真正的影响。simple是形容词，空前有the可知应用最高级，故填simpest。 3．句意：即使是最简单的日常活动也能对环境产生真正的影响。real是形容词，修饰名词difference，故填difference。 4．句意：这里有一些关于绿色生活的建议。live“生活”，动词，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to live。 5．句意：这样既省钱又能减少污染。and连接两个并列结构，前后动词时态人称一致，saves是三单形式， 所以reduce也用三单形式，故填reduces。 6．句意：当我们买东西的时候，如果可能的话，请选择当地的产品，尽量不要买太多外国的东西。根据“please”可知此处是祈使句，动词应用原形，故填choose。 7．句意：当我们买东西的时候，如果可能的话，请选择当地的产品，尽量不要买太多外国的东西。固定短语try not to do sth“尽力不要做某事”，故填to buy。 8．句意：虽然把一件东西变成另一件东西需要能量，但这比扔掉或烧掉东西要好。than是介词，后加动名词作宾语，故填throwing。 9．句意：在你的社区里找出可以回收的东西，并参加回收项目。recycle是动词，分析语境可知，主语和动词之间是被动关系（被回收的东西），空前有情态动词，所以此处是情态动词的被动语态：can be done，故填be recycled。 10．句意：我们还应该购买回收材料制成的产品。这里用过去分词作后置定语修饰products，故填made。 五、根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 What can we do with recycled things? For Yan Hong, 33, from Chengdu, they can become 1 (amaze) craftwork pieces(手工艺品) She thinks we can reduce 2 (pollute) in this way. She used nut shells 3 (make) a “golden” armor (盔甲). She made a Miao headdress with recycled cans. Even 4 (potato) were used for casting molds (翻模) of a queen’s crown. Yan Hong 5 (use) to be a nurse. But after 6 (start) to make craftwork, she found her real passion. So she left her job at the hospital and opened 7 (she) own shop. Most of her early works were imitations (仿制) of items from TV series and pictures. But the 8 (far) she goes, the more she likes original designs (原创设计). Yan Hong posts videos of her works on YouTube. This wins her many foreign fans, as well as gives her chances to go abroad. In 2019, she 9 (invite) to give a speech at Oxford University in the UK. Her works are popular among young people because many of them are not expensive and most of us can afford 10 (buy) them. 【答案】1．amazing 2．pollution 3．to make 4．potatoes 5．used 6．starting 7．her 8．further 9．was invitied 10．to buy 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个来自成都的33岁女孩把回收的东西制成精美的物品。这些物品很受很受年轻人的欢迎，因为很多都不贵，大多数人都能买得起。 1．句意：它们可以成为令人惊叹的工艺品。此空修饰名词craftwork pieces，应用形容词作定语，修饰物，用以ing为结尾的形容词，故填amazing。 2．句意：她认为我们可以用这种方式减少污染。动词reduce后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词是pollution“污染”，不可数名词，故填pollution。 3．句意：她用坚果壳做了一件“金色”盔甲。use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”，此空应填动词不定式，故填to make。 4．句意：甚至土豆也被用来铸造王后王冠的模具。根据were可知，此空应填名词复数形式，故填potatoes。 5．句意：颜红过去是个护士。used to do sth“过去常常做某事”，固定搭配，故填used。 6．句意：但在开始制作工艺品后，她找到了自己真正的热情所在。after是介词，后接动名词，故填starting。 7．句意：所以她辞掉了医院的工作，开了自己的店。one’s own“某人自己的”，此空应填形容词性物主代词，故填her。 8．句意：但她越深入，就越喜欢原创设计。the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，越……”，go further“进一步”，此空用far的比较级further，故填further。 9．句意：2019年，她受邀在英国牛津大学发表演讲。主语与动词invite之间是被动关系，且根据In 2019可知，此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语she是第三人称单数形式，助动词用was，故填was invited。 10．句意：她的作品在年轻人中很受欢迎，因为很多作品都不贵，我们大多数人都买得起。afford to do sth“负担得起做某事”，故填to buy。 一 China has just opened its FAST radio telescope(射电望远镜)to international scientists. It means scientists across the world can apply for using the telescope to do astronomical observations. FAST is short for Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. It was completed in September2016 and it officially began operating in January 2020.Measuring 500 meters in diameter. FAST is the world's largest single-dish radio telescope, and is 10 times more sensitive than the 100-meter Radio Telescope Effelsberg in Germany. The major scientific task of the telescope is the observation of pulsars(脉冲星).The study of pulsars can help to confirm the existence of gravitational radiation(引力辐射) and black holes, and help solve many other major questions in physics. Another major scientific goal of FAST is to search for life outside the Earth. The telescope is located in a naturally deep and round karst depression(喀斯特洼地)in southwest China's Guizhou Province. The first advantage of the selected site is the altitude(海拔).The average altitude of Guizhou is about1,100 meters. Generally, the higher the altitude, the more the telescope can observe. Secondly, the radio telescope needs to have a"big pan"to receive better signals. The huge natural depression could reduce the difficulty of construction. Moreover, the selected site in Guizhou is far away from cities, and has a low population density, which reduces the interference(干扰) caused by wireless devices such as TVs, mobile phones and radios from human activities. So far, FAST has found over 300 pulsars. Experts predict that the number could reach 1,000 in five years and that the telescope could find and locate the first pulsar outside the Galaxy. 1.Who can use FAST? 2. When did FAST start working officially? 3.What is a main task of FAST? 4.What do we know from the fourth paragraph? 5.What do scientists think FAST will probably be able to do in the future? 长难句分析 原句：(倒数第二段最后一句)Moreover, the selected site in Guizhou is far away from cities and has a low population density, which reduces the interference caused by wireless devices such as TVs, mobile phones and radios from human activities. 译文：此外，该选址在贵州所处的位置远离城市，人口密度小，选在这里可以减少人类活动中的电视、手机、收音机等无线设备带来的干扰。 分析：这是一个复合句。第一个and连接并列谓语 is far away from cities 和has a low population density....which reduces the interference...human activities是which引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词a low population density进行补充说明。caused by wireless devices...human activities 作后置定语修饰 the interference。 译文 近期，中国的500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）面向向国际科学家开放。这意味着全世界的科学家都可以申请使用该望远镜进行天文观测。 FAST是500米口径球面射电望远镜的简称。该射电望远镜于2016年9月落成，2020年1月开始正式运行。FAST直径500米，是世界上最大的单碟射电望远镜。它的灵敏度比德国的100米射电望远镜Effelsberg高了10倍。 该望远镜的主要科学任务是观测脉冲星。对脉冲星的研究可以帮助确认引力辐射和黑洞的存在，并用来辅助解决物理学中的许多其他重大问题。FAST的另一个主要科学目标是寻找地球之外的生命。 该射电望远镜位于中国西南部贵州省的一片天然喀斯特洼地中，该洼地呈圆形，深度较深。所选地点的第一个优势在于其海拔高度。贵州的平均海拔约为1100米。一般来说，海拔越高，望远镜观察范围就越广。其次，该射电望远镜需要一个“大锅”来更好地接收信号。巨大的天然洼地可以减轻施工的难度。此外，位于贵州的这个选址远离城市，人口密度低，可以减少人类活动，如电视、手机、收音机等无线设备的干扰。 到目前为止，FAST 已经发现了 300 多颗脉冲星。专家预测这一数量在五年内将达到1000个，并预测它能找到并定位银河系以外的第一个脉冲星。 答案详析 1. Scientists from all countries.根据第一段的内容可知，FAST已向国际科学家开放，这意味着世界各国的科学家都可以申请使用FAST进行天文观测。 2. In 2020.根据第二段第二句中的“it officially began operating in January 2020"可知，2020年1月FAST正式开始运行。 3. To observe pulsars in the universe.根据第三段第一句可知.FAST的主要任务之一是观测脉冲星，故选C项。 4. The advantages of the selected site for FAST.根据第四段的内容可知，FAST位于贵州省的某处喀斯特洼地中，选择该地的原因是此处海拔高，地形利于施工，且此处远离城市，人口稀少，无线电干扰小。故从第四段我们可得知 FAST的选址的优势。 5. Discover the first pulsar outside the Galaxy.根据最后一段中的“the telescope could find and locate the first pulsar outside the Galaxy”可知，在将来，FAST可能能够发现并定位银河系外的第一颗脉冲星。 二 People read books less often these days. With the invention of TVs, computer games, the Internet and mobile phones, it seems that reading books is no longer a popular activity. However, I believe that books are an important part of our lives. Books offer a great wealth（财富）of learning and are at a cheaper price than taking a course（课程）. Books can make people cleverer, because heavy readers have greater knowledge of how things work and who or what people are. Everything requires reading. Imagine trying to do something as simple as reading the notes on a medicine bottle without good reading skills. Someone may not understand them and become very sick. Even something as simple as walking or driving through the city could become very dangerous without enough reading. Sometimes you must be able to understand what is written and explain the meaning of them. Some people say that reading is a waste of time and we can do better things with our time. Even if we don’t read books, we still read every day and reading books can strengthen our abilities（能力）. Reading is one of the greatest things we can do in our free time. With a book, you can travel anywhere you want, do anything you want, and talk to anyone you want. Reading is very important in our lives, no matter how old you are. So I think people should read books. 1．What activity is less popular these days than before? A．Reading books. B．Shopping online. C．Watching TV. D．Playing computer games. 2．What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Reading can improve your memory. B．Reading can make your life interesting. C．Reading can make you smarter. D．Reading can make you relax. 3．Why do some people not read books? A．They have already got enough reading skills. B．Books are too expensive. C．Reading books makes them lovely. D．Reading books just wastes their time. 4．What does the underlined word “strengthen” probably mean? A．Follow. B．Improve. C．Test. D．Show. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．People Should Enjoy Themselves B．How We Improve Reading Skills C．Why People Should Read Books D．What We Love Doing in Our Free Time 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现代人阅读书籍的频率下降，但作者认为读书对我们的生活非常重要。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“With the invention of TVs, computer games, the Internet and mobile phones, it seems that reading books is no longer a popular activity.”可知，现在读书已经变得没有以前流行了。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ Books can make people cleverer”可知，读书能使你更聪明。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Some people say that reading is a waste of time and we can do better things with our time.”可知，有些人不读书的原因是读书只会浪费他们的时间。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据划线的单词所在句子“Even if we don’t read books, we still read every day and reading books can strengthen our abilities. （即使我们不读书，我们仍然每天在读，读书可以……我们的能力。）可知，划线单词“strengthen”意思与improve（提高）相近。故选B。 5．标题归纳题。本文第一段点明了读书很重要，第二段总体概括了读书的好处，第三、四段列举不读书的坏处，最后两段概述书籍为人们带来的乐趣，因此“人们为什么应该读书”最适合作文章的标题。故选C。 三 It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health. First, it is bad for your eyes. A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain (劳损), headaches and dry eyes. So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone. Second, screen use can do harm to children’s brains. A new study shows that using screens too much can affect (影响) how children’s brains grow. If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains. White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills. So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens. Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep. According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20. Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed. Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep. So you’d better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime. To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn’t use screens for long hours. 1．The blue light from your screens can cause _________. A．eye strain B．headaches C．dry eyes D．all of above 2．According to the passage, you can’t sleep well because you _________. A．are the people from 13 to 64 B．take a break every 15 minutes C．have lower levels of white matter D．use screens too much before bed 3．Where may the passage come from? A．A science magazine. B．A travel diary. C．A guide book. D．A storybook. 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The ways to keep healthy. B．The harm of using screens too much. C．The ways of using screens. D．The advantages of using screens. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲长时间面对（电子产品的）屏幕对健康的危害。最后，呼吁人们不要长时间使用电子产品。 1．细节理解题。根据“Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain (劳损), headaches and dry eyes”可知，长时间看智能手机会导致眼睛疲劳， 头痛和干眼症。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“..make you excited before you go to bed. Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep.”可知，（人们）睡眠不好是因为在睡前长时间使用电子产品，面对电子屏幕。故选D。 3．推理判断题。本文主要讲长时间面对（电子产品的）屏幕对健康的危害，属于科学范畴。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health”及全文描述可知，本文主要讲长时间面对（电子产品的）屏幕对健康的危害。故选B。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 第 2 页 共 20 页 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$