2024届北京高三英语二模试题汇编：七选五

2024北京高三二模英语汇编 七选五 一、阅读理解 (2024北京顺义高三二模)When fighting sugar dependence, avoiding added sugar in the diet is key, which sounds simple — right? It certainly does, but things become a bit more complicated once we introduce alternative sweeteners into the mix. 1 Many people think that if they replace the sugar in their diet with alternative sweeteners, they’ll be good to go, but this isn’t necessarily the case. Alternative sweeteners are everywhere. 2 For example, Stevia is a popular sugar substitute (代替者) because it is up to 200 times sweeter than sugar and provides fewer calories. Mon k fruit is another example that is free from calories, sweeter than table sugar, and gained from the juice of monk fruit. 3 Sugar alcohols provide fewer calories than regular sugar because they are not fully absorbed by the body. Now that we know some of the common types of alternative sweeteners, let’s take a deeper dive into the problem with them. Research in animals has shown that removing calories from foods that taste sweet can interrupt the ability to control energy intake. 4 If we consume high amounts of alternative sweeteners, it may heighten our preference for sweetness, resulting in the overuse of sugar-sweetened foods and drinks. The other interesting thing about alternative sweeteners is that our brains don’t recognize them as “fake (假的)” sugar. 5 Whenever a food tastes sweet, a message is sent to the brain that communicates we are tasting a sweet food — which can further feed into the sugar dependence cycle. So what do I recommend? In order to fully put a definite end to sugar dependence, reducing your intake of alternative sweeteners should be the goal. A.The taste profile of alternative sweeteners varies. B.We can’t forget about the ever-so-popular sugar alcohols. C.There are countless alternative sweeteners on the market. D.Our brain senses something sweet and thinks it is real sugar. E.They may help reduce the calorie content of good-tasting foods and drinks. F.Artificial sweeteners may also cause one’s body to prefer sweeter-tasting foods. G.Alternative sweeteners are referred to as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie” sweeteners. (2024北京丰台高三二模)At the end of the day, most of us find ourselves on the couch, eyes glued to the television or to our smartphones, doing everything we can to conserve energy. 6 But are we hardwired (本能的) for it? According to Michael Inzlicht, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, we’re lazy and also, we’re not. All humans, given equal options, will take the easy way out. Does it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. 7 We always minimize our effort and, at the same time, maximize the amount of reward we get for that effort. A study published in the journal Neuropsychologia found that our brains may be hardwired for laziness. Even though we know the benefits of exercise, we stay glued to the couch. 8 We can’t know for sure whether there is an evolutionary (进化的) purpose to it. But that would make sense. After all, before we were able to go to the grocery store, calories were much more directly linked to effort. Every calorie we burned meant more hunting, fishing, or gathering. But there are the times when humans are the opposite of lazy and do very difficult things for no apparent reason. Some rewards only come from extensive effort. 9 Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on. But we do it anyway because putting in the effort makes us feel good, says Inzlicht. 10 So, in that sense, effort is worth the effort. While humans are economically aware of effort most of the time, “in some cases, the effort itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht. A.Think about things like running a marathon. B.It’s not completely clear why humans behave this way. C.It seems that we humans are gifted in the way of laziness. D.We similarly love to space out, our brain tired of focusing. E.But it certainly means that we’re economic with our effort. F.Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. G.Likewise, we might get a sense of pleasure or mastery from doing a crossword puzzle. (2024北京昌平高三二模)Everyone carries a shield(屏障). Our shields protect what we don’t want others to see, from our embarrassing secrets to our unpredictable feelings. 11 But the problem is that shields can become heavy burdens — easy to put on yet difficult to remove — with terrible effects. Since shields encourage us to hide negative parts of ourselves, we can start to believe that we aren’t worth showing. We might fear how our friends will judge our struggles or how our families will view our ambitions. 12 However, we have to remember that we aren’t perfect, nor should we expect to be. We need to find and cure the wounds underneath our shields, but that means we have to let down our guard. We may even have problems we haven’t admitted to ourselves. 13 Even if it seems insignificant, every problem should be acknowledged before it grows. Before being cured, we must know that we need to be cured, and be okay with admitting that. Knowing this takes bravery and patience, so it’ll be hard. 14 Yet asking for help means admitting our problems to somebody else — it means letting them see what’s behind our shields. To make it easier, we can reveal ourselves to somebody close to us who we trust will understand us and provide personal support. Or, if we fear judgement, we can open up to someone distant but knowledgeable, such as a counsellor or a help line. No matter what, we can find help when we begin searching. 15 We can be more forgiving of faults so we can become comfortable with ours and encourage others to follow. Most importantly, we can let people know that we are willing to listen and help and make it easier to let down our shields. A. This is not a bad thing. B. We need to be understood. C. We shouldn’t expect to do any of it without help. D. In short, we have the power to change this phenomenon. E. Hence we decide to hide ourselves underneath our masks. F. If you can’t trust your partner, it won’t be easy to let them in. G. Maybe we’re hiding something from a friend or scared to admit an error. (2024北京朝阳高三二模)Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method. 16 The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem. 17 Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe. 18 In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilience and progress on the day’s tasks. 19 The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious. 20 Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily work outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.” A. A positive dream brings a sense of sudden insight, giving rise to awe. B. The increased awe was also proved to be associated with greater resilience. C. In fact, dreaming may help improve problem-solving skills in daily routine. D. Here, too, good dreams boosted awe and resilience, fueling progress on work goals. E. It finds that remembering a good dream can help people make progress in the day’s tasks. F. Researchers acknowledge that dreams may involve content related to waking experiences. G. They then answered the question about whether they thought the dream was positive or negative. (2024北京东城高三二模)Socrates, Galileo, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in common? They all practiced deliberate doubt and used it as a tool to improve their thinking and generate creative ideas. 21 It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived(先入为主的) notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities. 22 Doubt can, of course, be unsettling, but it can also result in a greater understanding of a subject and inspire fresh thoughts and insights. 23 But it doesn’t mean we should use it all the time. While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way. It’s important to keep in mind that deliberate doubt is not constant doubt. If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion. 24 We spend so much time doubting everything and end up not doing anything. 25 We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As a result, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks. To avoid these traps, it’s important to strike a balance between doubt and certainty, and to use doubt as a tool to stimulate creative thinking and exploration, rather than as a means of undermining ourselves or others. A. Deliberate doubt can also lead to a lack of confidence. B. But when we doubt, we’re forced to consider other perspectives. C. In this case, deliberate doubt can prevent us from making decisions. D. When practiced all the time, deliberate doubt can lead to a different belief. E. By turning doubt into a deliberate process, we open ourselves to new possibilities. F. Deliberate doubt is the practice of actively questioning our beliefs and assumptions. G. Deliberate doubt can help us to develop a more open-minded approach to the world. (2024北京海淀高三二模)Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. 26 The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power”. 27 For example, those working on complex research projects with “sluggish power” persist with focus and determination in the face of challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resources. Their resilience facilitates effective problem-solving, ensuring the successful completion of tasks despite obstacles. 28 That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability—a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go. Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset. 29 Additionally, detach from external influences. Avoid excessive concern over others’ opinions and speculation on others’ thoughts. Lastly, manage relationships. Recognize our personal responsibilities while respecting others’ boundaries. Don’t interfere with other people’s subjects and don’t let others interfere with ours either. 30 Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A. Learn to view the problem as two parts. B. That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C. I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. D. Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness. E. Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. F. It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward. G. Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment. (2024北京西城高三二模)Want to write better? There’s a new book that says simple writing is best. Do you check your text messages before sending? 31 If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect. This book argues that it’s important to write carefully, even for quick messages. Todd Rogers and Jessica Lasky Fink, from Harvard, wrote “Writing For Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyone’s busy today. People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts. 32 Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone. The authors share good writing tips, like cutting unnecessary words and using simple words everyone knows. They say it’s important to keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is more. For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%). 33 The same is true for text messages. In another test, they sent a short message asking parents to take a survey. It got more responses than a longer, more sympathetic one. Sometimes, being short and clear works better than being kind but ignored. It’s not just what you say, but how quickly you say it that matters. It’s not just about word count. 34 Reducing the number of options has the same effect. Short, active sentences with common words are best. From posts to online reviews, following these rules gets more likes and shares. Serious writers should pay attention too. A study found that companies using long sentences and complicated words were seen as less moral and trustworthy. 35 It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all. A. If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer too. B. They can also get puzzled by social media platforms. C. If you do, you probably like making even the simplest messages perfect. D. They found that longer messages make people think the task will take longer. E. Keeping messages to one idea, or as few as possible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted on. F. Your goal is to convey enough passion that your readers think the issue in your message is worth caring about. G. Explaining the thinking behind your messages will allow readers to see that you know what you’re talking about. 参考答案 1.G 2.C 3.B 4.F 5.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文,主要讲述了在对抗糖依赖时,避免在饮食中添加糖以及替代甜味剂。 1.根据下文“Many people think that if they replace the sugar in their diet with alternative sweeteners, they’ll be good to go, but this isn’t necessarily the case. (许多人认为,如果他们用替代甜味剂代替饮食中的糖,那就很好了,但事实并非如此。)”可知此处讲述了有关替代甜味剂的内容,许多人认为如果他们用替代甜味剂代替饮食中的糖,就很好,所以选项G“替代甜味剂被称为“低热量”或“无热量”甜味剂。”符合语境,故选G。 2.根据上文“Alterative sweeteners are everywhere.(替代甜味剂无处不在。)”结合下文的两个例子“Stevia”和“Monk fruit”可知此处说明市场上有很多替代甜味剂,所以选项C“市场上有无数的替代甜味剂。”符合语境,故选C。 3.根据上文的两个例子“Stevia”和“Monk fruit”以及下文“Sugar alcohols provide fewer calories than regular sugar because they are not fully absorbed by the body. (糖醇提供的卡路里比普通糖少,因为它们没有被身体完全吸收。)”可知又给出了一个例子“Sugar alcohols”,所以选项B“我们不能忘记一直很受欢迎的糖醇。”符合语境,故选B。 4.根据下文“If we consume high amounts of alternative sweeteners, it may heighten our preference for sweetness, resulting in the overuse of sugar-sweetened foods and drinks.(如果我们摄入大量的替代甜味剂,它可能会增强我们对甜味的偏好,导致过度使用含糖的食物和饮料。)”可知此处说明人造甜味剂对人体的影响,让你更喜欢甜的食物,摄入更多的糖,所以选项F“人造甜味剂也可能使人的身体更喜欢味道更甜的食物。”符合语境,故选F。 5.根据上文“The other interesting thing about alternative sweeteners is that our brains don’t recognize them as “fake (假的)” sugar. (替代甜味剂的另一个有趣之处在于,我们的大脑不会将其识别为“假”糖。)”可知大脑会觉得替代甜味剂是真正的糖,所以选项D“我们的大脑感觉到甜的东西,认为那是真正的糖。”符合语境,故选D。 6.C 7.E 8.B 9.A 10.G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类有时是懒惰的,最小化付出的努力,同时最大化努力所得到的回报,但是有时候也会毫无理由地做一些非常困难的事情,比如马拉松和填字游戏。文章对此进行了介绍。 6.根据前文“At the end of the day, most of us find ourselves on the couch, eyes glued to the television or to our smartphones, doing everything we can to conserve energy.(在一天结束的时候,我们大多数人发现自己躺在沙发上,眼睛盯着电视或智能手机,尽我们所能来节省能量。)”可知,此处是指人类在偷懒这方面很有天赋,所以选项C“看来我们人类在懒惰方面是有天赋的。”切合文意。故选C。 7.根据后文“We always minimize our effort and, at the same time, maximize the amount of reward we get for that effort.(我们总是最小化我们的努力,同时最大化我们的努力所得到的回报。)”可知,此处是指我们会使自己的努力最经济,所以选项E“But it certainly means that we’re economic with our effort.(但这肯定意味着我们的努力是经济的。)”切合文意。故选E。 8.根据后文“We can’t know for sure whether there is an evolutionary (进化的) purpose to it.(我们不能确定这是否有进化的目的。)”可知,此处是指目前并不清楚人类为什么会懒惰,所以选项B“目前还不完全清楚为什么人类会有这种行为。”切合文意。故选B。 9.根据后文“Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on.(跑这么远可能会造成更多的伤害,比如应力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。)”和前文“Some rewards only come from extensive effort.(有些回报只来自于大量的努力。)”可知,此处是用马拉松来对前文进行举例说明,所以选项A“想想跑马拉松这样的事情。”切合文意。故选A。 10.根据前文“Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on. But we do it anyway because putting in the effort makes us feel good, says Inzlicht.(跑这么远可能会造成更多的伤害,比如应力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。但我们还是会这样做,因为付出努力会让我们感觉良好,Inzlicht说。)”可知,此处是举出像马拉松这样的类似的例子,所以选项G“同样地,我们可能会从做填字游戏中获得愉悦感或精通感。”切合文意。故选G。 11. A 12. E 13. G 14. C 15. D 16.F 17.G 18.B 19.D 20.A 21. F 22. B 23. G 24. C 25. A 26.B 27.F 28.D 29.G 30.C 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. E 35. A 第1页/共1页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$