第01讲 构词法-2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮(通用)

2024-06-08
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 词汇
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2024-06-08
更新时间 2024-08-05
作者 提分君英语工作坊
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2024-06-08
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第01讲 构词法 目录 考情探究 构词法一  派生法 4 构词法二 转化法 8 构词法三 合成法 9 语法填空词形转换常考词汇表一 11 语法填空常考词汇表二 29 考点梳理 三、好题冲关 33 近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查。通过引导学生掌握构词法,分析词的组成,有助于学生提高词汇的分析能力,扩大词汇量。此外,利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性,避免出现拼写的错误,提高综合能力。 近年高考真题名词考点细目表 年份 卷别 语法填空 阅读理解 2024年 新高考I卷 engineering (engineer) Functional (function) closed (close) invade  v. 入侵,侵略 → invasive  adj. 侵入的 restoration  n. 修复;恢复 removal  n. 移走,去掉;消除biological  n. 生物的,生物学的 defensive  adj. 戒备的,自卫的occasionally  adv. 偶然,偶尔 conventional  adj. 依照惯例的,遵循习俗的membership  n. 会员身份,会籍;会员数 complexity  n. 复杂性,错综复杂effectiveness  n. 有效性,效力 comprehension  n. 理解力,领悟力 experimenter  n. 实验者,试验者 abstraction  n. 抽象;提取;抽象概念psychologist  n. 心理学家 unlikely  adj. 不大可能发生的advanced  adj. 先进的;高级的,高等的 educational  adj. 教育的;有教育意义的observational  adj. 观测的;根据观察的 outnumber  v. 比……多oversampled  adj. 过采样的 flowering  adj. 开花的coverage  n. 覆盖范围;新闻报道 outdated  adj. 过时的,陈旧的imperfect  adj. 不完美的  threatened  adj. 受到威胁的,感到危险的improper  adj. 不正确的,错误的;不适当的 professionally  adv. 专业地;内行地reference  n. 提及,谈到;参考,查阅 definition  n. 定义,释义rewarding  adj. 值得的,有意义的 新高考II卷 Visibility (visible) beginner  n. 新手;初学者informative  adj. 提供有用信息的;给予知识的 experienced  adj. 有经验的;熟练的;有阅历的inappropriately  adv. 不适当地 absolutely  adv. 绝对地,完全地additionally  adv. 此外;另外 innovative  adj. 革新的,创新的specifically  adv. 特别地,专门地;具体来说,确切地说 surrounding  adj. 周围的,附近的sustainability  n. 可持续性 recycling  n. 回收利用reduction  n. 减少,缩小,降低 passionate  adj. 具有强烈信念的;热爱的,酷爱的employee  n. 受雇者,雇工,雇员 astonishing  adj. 令人感到惊讶的,难以置信的complicated  adj. 复杂的;难懂的 thankfully  adv. 满怀感激地,幸好professional  adj. 职业的,专业的 n. 专业人士 understandable  adj. 可理解的awareness  n. 意识;认识;感悟能力 currently  adv. 现时,当前extinction  n. 灭绝,消亡 humanity  n. 人,人类;人性,仁慈structured  adj. 有组织的,有条理的 unacceptable  adj. 不能接受地minimize/minimise  v. 使减到最少;小看;最小化 mindfully  adv. 注意地;谨慎地relatively  adv. 相当地,相对地 全国甲卷 completion(complete) demanding adj. 要求极高的;需要高技能(或耐性等)的 showcase vt. 使展现;在玻璃橱窗陈列 n. 陈列橱窗 awash adj. 被淹没;充满; 被漫过;被水覆盖 cocoon n.茧;保护膜;防护层;软罩 vt. 把…包围起来保护 undergraduate n. (尚未获得学士学位的)大学生,大学本科生 vocalization n. 发声;嗓音; 歌声;说出的话  affection    n.  感情;爱情;喜爱;钟爱   affectionate  adj.  充满深情的;表示关爱的 heightened senses 灵敏反应;敏锐感知 adorable adj. 可爱的;讨人喜爱的 modernization n. 现代化;维新 refuel     v. 补充燃料;使(情绪或想法)更强烈 moderation n. 适度;适中; 合理 mindless     adj. 盲目的;愚蠢的;机械的;没头脑的 2023年 新高考I卷 56. Tasty(taste) 64.rarely(rare) economical adj. 经济的,实惠的; Sustainable adj.可持续的; strategic adj. 重要的,合适的,战略(性)的; available adj.可用的,可得到的; additional adj. 附加的,另外的 countless adj. 无数的;多得数不清的 新高考II卷 56.arrival (arrive) 57. Confident (confidence) 63. Basically ( Basic) Occasionally adv. 偶然;偶尔;有时候 Evaluation n. 评价,评估 Emotional adj. 感情的;情感的;情绪的 Initiator n.发起人;创始人 全国甲卷 67.different(difference) 69. Warning(Warn) backbreaking adj.非常辛劳的;费力的 philosopher哲学家philosophical哲学的 Simplicity简单reawaken重新唤起 全国乙卷 Remarkable (Remark) Probably adv. 几乎肯定;很可能;大概 Uninteresting adj. 不吸引人的;无趣的;无聊的 less-than-impressive 不那么令人印象深刻的 2022 年 新高考I卷 63. eventually (eventual) honorable =honourable adj. 光荣的;可敬的;高贵的 disqualification n. 不合格;取消资格;被罚下场 disqualified 不合格的;被取消资格的 willpower   n. 意志力;毅力 新高考II卷 asleep (sleep) accidentally (accidental ) afford v-affordable adj. private adj.-privacy n. 全国甲卷 protection (protect) meaningful (meaning) trial-and-error试错实验 indicate v-indication n-indicator n. 表明一指示器,指标 浙江卷1月 roughly (rough) Independence (independent) downturn n.衰退;下降 white-out conditions(暴露于恶劣天气环境而产生的)失明 off-road biking越野骑车 lifeblood n.命脉... 全国乙卷 responsibility (responsible) characterisation n.人物刻 re-admissionn.重新入场 A hair-raising令人毛骨悚然 考点梳理 考点一:名词转和动词互相变换 1.【2024全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the ____48____(complete)of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. 2.【2024浙江1月卷】Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____40____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. 1. This development was only possible with the_________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts 2. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting_________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 3. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you1 feel a real sense of_________(achieve). 考点二:名词和形容词互相变换 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). 2.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43to find___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 1.English is a very__________(use) tool while you're traveling abroad 2. I'm very __________(please) with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. 3. Tom sounds very much __________(interest) in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. 4. He is constantly complaining. I have never met a (noise) person. 考点三:形容词和副词互相变换 1.【2022新高考I卷】 The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 1. _________ (gradual), little Tom got used to being the only child at a table full of adults. 2. Work gets done ____________(easy) when people do it together. 3.Look at you! You’re breathing so _______(heavy). We’re not even halfway there yet. 考点四:阅读理解和完形填空中的考查 【2024全国甲卷】 ... Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. (2024·北京海淀·二模)We are a social animal. Indeed, it is our sociality — such as the ability to make sense of each other, to communicate, to work cooperatively and, finally, to create culture — that marks us off from other animal species. But then why are we everywhere striving to increase our isolation and limit our contact with others? As musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last month, it is a striking fact about the new technologies that have so come to shape our lives, that they have precisely this effect: they limit our need for human contact. Online shopping? Check. Automated checkout? Check. Ride hail apps? Check. Efficiency is the key. We purchase efficiency by limiting the human aspect, known as “autonomous operation”. This is perhaps even more pronounced with new technologies on the horizon. Take the MOOC, the teacher-less virtual classroom. As Byrn e notes, this is meant to deliver the values of a learning environment without, well, without the environment — you get to stay at home — no teacher, but also, no fellow students. Byrne isn’t claiming we are consciously choosing to isolate ourselves. We shop online because it is convenient. The absence of contact with others is a side-effect. Maybe even an unavoidable one, as one of the things that makes online shopping so easy is precisely the absence of contact with other people. But Bryne’s thought is that whatever our intention, the tendency of our tech to isolate us may be a feature, not a bug. His hypothesis is that we actually, at some level, crave (渴望) the increased isolation and we are actually making technologies to satisfy impulses that, in some way, go beyond or against our social nature. But I wonder, is this really new? Even if we are social by nature, and do everything we can to embed ourselves socially, the need to find ways to be alone is, well, nothing new. It’s also striking that the very activities that risk separating us — in the old days, books, newspapers, TV; nowadays, the latest apps also connect us. We read about each other. What we read gives us information to share with each other. I am well aware of the data that shows the more time you spend on social media, the sadder and more isolated and envious you feel of others. But how novel is the isolating effect of social media? Being there reminds me a lot of what it was like to be social in high school — you have a vivid sense of your status and your standing in relation to others, and you have to deal with that. This may be isolating, sure. But it’s the isolating face of the social lives we’ve always had. It is isolating because of the ways technology brings us into real contact with others, not because it removes that contact. I wonder whether more isolation is a real option, after all. 1.Which of the following best reflects “autonomous operation”? A.Getting a toothbrush via a hotel delivery robot. B.Teaching mom how to establish a smart home. C.Seeking help by calling human customer services. D.Having an online meeting at home with colleagues. 2.Which of the following might the author agree? A.Technology offers fresh insights into our social status. B.Actions seemingly isolating can bond people. C.Social platforms help bring people closer. D.Social media has come to define our life. 3.What would be the best title for the passage? A.What Technologies Do to Human Nature B.Do Technologies Shape Our Lives? C.How Isolation Changes with Connection D.Can We Erase Human Element? 许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律,这种规律被称为构词法(word formation)。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。 构词法一  派生法 在一个词的词根(root)前面或后面加上某个词缀(affix)来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)或词缀法(affixation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix),加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义,因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。 1.形容词变副词的后缀 在形容词后加-ly可变成相应意义的副词 直接加-ly extreme → extremely尤其,非常 stupid → stupidly 傻地 改y为-ily happy → happily快乐地 merry → merrily 快乐地 去e加-ly true真的 → truly真地 2.形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -age short → shortage不足;短缺 -cy efficient → efficiency效率;功效 accurate → accuracy准确性 -dom free → freedom自由;自主 wise → wisdom明智;智慧 -ence different → difference差异 silent → silence沉默 -ness weak → weakness虚弱;弱点 careless → carelessness粗心大意 -th strong → strength力气;强项 wide → width宽 -y -ty -ity disable → disability无能;残疾 responsible → responsibility责任 3.动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -al approve → approval赞成;批准 arrive → arrival到来 -ance appear → appearance出现;外貌 perform → performance表演;节目 -ence exist → existence存在;生存 refer → reference参考;查阅 -ion construct → construction建设 evaluate → evaluation评估 -ation consider → consideration考虑 imagine → imagination想象力 -(s)sion discuss → discussion讨论;辩论 admit → admission接纳;准许入学 -ing hear → hearing听力;听觉begin → beginning开始 -ment argue → argument辩论;论据 equip → equipment设备 -ure fail → failure失败;没做到 press → pressure压力 -ture mix → mixture混合;混合物 depart → departure离开;出发 -y recover → recovery恢复;痊愈 discover → discovery发现 其他 vary → variety多样化;种类 tend → tendency趋向;趋势 4.表示"人"的后缀 在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示"人"的后缀有: 后缀 例词 -er village → villager村民 strange → stranger陌生人 -ar lie → liar说谎者 -ee employ → employee受雇者;雇员 interview → interviewee被面试者 -or invent → inventor发明家 educate → educator教育家;教师 -ess steward → stewardess 女乘务员 host → hostess 女主人;女主持人 -ese China → Chinese中国人 Japan → Japanese日本人 -an America → American美国人 Australia → Australian澳洲人 -ian history → historian历史学家 politics → politician政治家;政客 -ist special → specialist专家 tour → tourist旅行者;观光者 -ant participate → participant参加者 assist → assistant助手;图书管理员 5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀 后缀 例词 -able accept → acceptable可接受的 comfort → comfortable舒适的 -al person → personal个人的;私人的 nature → natural自然的;天生的 -ful hope → hopeful有希望的 peace → peaceful和平的 -ed confuse → confused感到困惑的 bore → bored感到厌倦的 -ing surprise → surprising令人惊讶的 convince → convincing令人信服的 -ible access → accessible容易到达的;容易取得的 horror → horrible可怕的;恐怖的 -ive effect → effective有效的;生效的 instruct → instructive有教育意义的 -ous anxiety → anxious忧虑的 curiosity → curious好奇的 -some tire → tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble → troublesome麻烦的 -y taste → tasty美味的;可口的 wealth → wealthy富裕的;丰富的 dirt → dirty有灰尘的;脏的 -ern east → eastern东方的;向东的 west → western西方的;向西的 -ish fool → foolish愚蠢的;可笑的 self → selfish自私的 -ic science → scientific科学的 history → historic历史上著名的 -ary imagine → imaginary想象中的 6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀 前缀 例词 dis- advantage → disadvantage缺点 comfort → discomfort不舒适 il- legal → illegal不合法的 logical → illogical不合逻辑的 im- patient → impatient不耐烦的 moral → immoral不道德的 in- formal → informal非正式的 convenient → inconvenient不方便的 ir- regular → irregular不规则的 responsible → irresponsible不负责任的 mis- lead → mislead误导 understand → misunderstand误解 un- willing → unwilling不愿意的 happy → unhappy不高兴的 后缀 例词 -less hope → hopeless绝望的 care → careless粗心的 7.变动词的前缀和后缀 前缀 例词 en- large → enlarge扩大 rich → enrich使充实;使丰富 后缀 例词 -en broad → broaden使变宽 hard → harden使变硬 -ify class → classify把……分类 beauty → beautify美化 -ize apology → apologize道歉 emphasis → emphasize强调 构词法二 转化法 在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,而没有加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多,但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有时差异也很大。 动词 → 名词 walk → take a walk散步 swim → have a swim游泳 名词 → 动词 book n. → v.预订 milk n. → v.挤奶 形容词 → 动词 slow adj. → v.减慢 narrow adj. → v.使变窄;(差距等)缩小 形容词↔副词 hard adj.困难的↔adv.努力地 high adj.高的↔adv.高 deep adj.深的↔adv.深 wide adj.宽的↔adv.广阔地 构词法三 合成法 把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性,最常见的包括:名词合成词,形容词合成词,动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。 1.合成名词 构成方式 例词 名词+名词 weekend周末 名词+动词 daybreak黎明 名词+动名词 handwriting书法 名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药 名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law嫂子 代词+名词 she-wolf母狼,he-goat 动词+名词 typewriter打字机 动名词+名词 reading-room阅览室 现在分词+名词 flying-fish飞鱼 形容词+名词 freshman大一新生 副词+动词 outlook景色,风光 介词+名词 afterbrain后脑 2.合成形容词 构成方式 例词 名词+形容词 bloodred血红的 名词+现在分词 French-speaking讲法语的 名词+to+名词 one-to-one一对一的 名词+过去分词 man-made人造的 数词+名词 one-way单行道的 数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old三岁的 数词+名词+ed ten-storeyed十层的 动词+副词 one-off 一次性的 形容词+名词 high-quality高质量的 形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的 形容词+形容词 light-green浅绿色的 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking相貌一般的 副词+形容词 ever-green常青的 副词+现在分词 hard-working辛勤的 副词+过去分词 well-known著名的 副词+名词 fast-food提供快餐的 介词+名词 indoor室内的 3.合成动词 构成方式 例词 名词+动词 sleep-walk梦游 形容词+动词 white-wash粉刷 副词+动词 overwhelm压倒,制服 4.合成副词 构成方式 例词 形容词+名词 hotfoot匆忙地 形容词+副词 everywhere到处 副词+副词 however尽管如此 介词+名词 beforehand事先 介词+副词 forever永远 5.合成代词 构成方式 例词 代词宾格+self herself 她自己,themselves 物主代词+self myself 我自己 形容词+名词 anything 一切 语法填空词形转换常考词汇表一 A 1. ability [əˈbɪlɪtɪ] n. 能力;才能 able [ˈeɪb(ə)l] a. 能够;有能力的 1. absence [ˈæbsəns] n. 不在,缺席 absent [ˈæbsənt] a. 缺席, 不在 3. academic [ækəˈdemɪk] a. / n. 学术的,教学的 academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n.专科学院,(美)私立学校 4. access [ˈækses] n. / v. 通道,入径,存取(计算机文件) accessible [əkˈsesɪb(ə)l] a. 可到达的,可接受的 5. achieve [əˈtʃiːv] vt. 达到,取得 achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] n. 成就,成绩,功绩 6. act [ækt] n. 法令,条例 v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事 action [ˈækʃ(ə)n] n. 行动 active [ˈæktɪv] a. 积极的,主动的 activity [ækˈtɪvɪtɪ] n. 活动 7. adapt [əˈdæpt] v. 使适应,适合,改编 adaptation [ədæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 适应,改编本 8. adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v.调整,调节,适应,习惯 adjustment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] n. 调整,适应 9. admirable [ˈædmərəb(ə)l] a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的 admire [ədˈmaɪə(r)] v. 钦佩;羡慕 admission [ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准入, 接纳 admit [ədˈmɪt] vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会) 10. advertise [ˈædvətaɪz] vt. 为……做广告 advertisement [ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt] n. 广告 11.agree [əˈɡriː] v. 同意;应允 agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 同意,一致;协定,协议 12. amaze [əˈmeɪz] v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊 amazed 感到惊讶的 amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的 be amazed at 对..感到惊讶 13.amuse [əˈmjuːz] vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐 amused 感到愉快的 amusing 令人愉快的 amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt] n. 娱乐 14. analyze/ `ænl,aɪz / v. 分析 analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析,分析结果 15.anger [ˈæŋɡə(r)] n. 怒,愤怒 angry [ˈænɡrɪ] a. 生气的,愤怒的 16.anxiety [æŋˈzaɪətɪ] n. 担忧,焦虑 anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs] a. 忧虑的,焦急的 17.apologize [əˈpɔlədʒaɪz] vi. 道歉,谢罪 apology [əˈpɔlədʒɪ] n. 道歉;歉意 18.appear [əˈpɪə(r)] vi. 出现 appearance [əˈpɪərəns] n. 出现,露面;容貌 19. application [æplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 申请 apply [əˈplaɪ]v. 申请 20. appoint [əˈpɔɪnt] v. 任命,委任,安排 appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 约会 appreciate [əˈpriːʃɪeɪt] v. 欣赏; 感激 appreciation [əpriːʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 欣赏,鉴定,评估 21.appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] a. 合适的,恰当的 approximately [əprɔksɪˈmətlɪ] ad.近似,大约 22.argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]vi. 争辩, 争论 argument [ˈɑːɡjʊmənt] n. 争论,辩论 23.arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] v. 安排,布置 arrangement [əˈreɪndʒmənt]n. 安排,布置 24.arrival [əˈraɪv(ə)l] n. 到来,到达 arrive [əˈraɪv] vi. 到达; - at 小地方,- in大地方 25.assess [əˈses] v.评价,评定(性质,质量) assessment [əˈsesmənt] n. 看法,评价 26.assist [əˈsɪst]v. 帮助,协助 assistance [əˈsɪst(ə)ns] n. 帮助,援助,支持 assistant [əˈsɪst(ə)nt] n. 助手,助理 27.associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想,联系 association [əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 协会,社团,联系 28.assume [əˈsjuːm; (US) əˈsuːm] v. 假定,假设 assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n. 假定,假设 29.attract [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引,引起 attraction [əˈtrækʃ(ə)n] n. 吸引,爱慕 attractive [əˈtræktɪv] a. 迷人的,有吸引力的 B 1. bad (worse, worst) [bæd] a. 坏的;有害的,严重的 badly [ˈbædlɪ] ad. 坏,恶劣地 2.bath [bɑːθ; (US) bæθ] n. 洗澡;浴室;澡盆 bathe [beɪð] vi. 洗澡;游泳 3.beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)l] a. 美,美丽,美观的 beauty [ˈbjuːtɪ] n. 美丽,美人 4. behave [bɪˈheɪv] v. 守规矩,行为 behaviour/ bɪ`heɪvjər / n. 行为,举止 5. beneficial [benɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l] a. 有利的,有帮助的,有用的 benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. / v.优势,益处,使…受益 6. bored / bɔrd / a.(对人,事)厌倦的,烦闷的 boring / `bɔrɪŋ / a. 乏味的,无聊的 7.brave [breɪv] a. 勇敢的 bravery [ˈbreɪvərɪ] n. 勇气 8.breath [breθ] n. 气息;呼吸 breathe [briːð] vi. 呼吸 breathless [ˈbreθlɪs] a. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的 9. build (built, built) [bɪld] v. 建筑;造 building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼 C 1.care [keə(r)] n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意……,在乎 careful [ˈkeəfʊl] a. 小心,仔细,谨慎的 careless [ˈkeəlɪs] a. 粗心的,漫不经心的 2. caution [ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 谨慎,小心,警告 cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs] a. 小心的,谨慎的 3.celebrate [ˈselɪbreɪt] v. 庆祝 celebration [selɪˈbreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 庆祝;庆祝会 4.entre 中心 central 中心的 5. certain [ˈsɜːt(ə)n] a.确定的,无疑的;一定会…… certainly [ˈsɜːtənlɪ] ad. 当然;一定,无疑 6. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n.挑战(性) challenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] a.具有挑战性的 7.changeable [ˈtʃeɪndʒəb(ə)l] a.易变的,变化无常的 change [tʃeɪndʒ] n. 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换; 8.cheer [tʃɪə(r)] n. & vi.欢呼; 喝彩 Cheer up [tʃɪə(r)-ʌp] 振作起来!提起精神! cheerful [ˈtʃɪəfʊl] a.兴高采烈的,快活的 cheers [tʃɪə(r)] int. 干杯,(口)谢谢,再见 9.chemical [ˈkemɪk(ə)l] a. 化学的 n. 化学品 chemist [ˈkemɪst] n. 药剂师;化学家 chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] n. 化学 10.child (复children) [tʃaɪld] n. 孩子,儿童 childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n. 幼年时代,童年 11.civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l] a. 国内的;平民(非军人)的;民用的 civilian [sɪˈvɪlɪən] n. 平民,老百姓 civilization [sɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n; n. 文明 12.clean [kliːn] vt. 弄干净,擦干净 a. 清洁的,干净的 cleaner [kliːnə(r)] n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂 13.clear [klɪə(r)] a. 清晰;明亮的;清楚的 clearly [ˈklɪəlɪ] ad. 清楚地,无疑地 14.cloud [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] n. 云;云状物;阴影 cloudy [ˈklaʊdɪ] a. 多云的,阴天的 15.comfort [ˈkʌmfət] n. 安慰; 慰问 comfortable [ˈkʌmfətəb(ə)l; (US) ˈkʌmfərtəbl] a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的 16.commit [kəˈmɪt] v.犯(罪,错),自杀 commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺,允诺,承担 17.communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等) communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.交际,通讯 18.compete [kəmˈpiːt] vi. 比赛,竞赛 competence [ˈkɔmpətəns] n.能力,胜任,管辖权 competition [kɔmpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n] n. 比赛,竞赛 competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə(r)] n. 竞赛者,比赛者 19.conclude [kənˈkluːd] v. 完成,结束 conclusion [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n] n. 结论;结束 20.consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)] vt. 考虑 considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] a. 体贴的 consideration [kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 考虑;关心 21.convenience n. convenient adj. 方便的 22.construct [kənˈstrʌkt] v. 构筑;建造,建设 construction [kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n.建造,建设,建筑物 D 1.danger [ˈdeɪndʒə(r)] n. 危险 dangerous [ˈdeɪndʒərəs] a. 危险的 2.dark [dɑːk] n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮 a. 黑暗的;深色的 darkness [ˈdɑːknɪs] n. 黑暗,阴暗 3.die [daɪ] v. 死 dead 死的,无生命的 death [deθ] n. 死 4.decide [dɪˈsaɪd] v. 决定;下决心 decision [dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n] n. 决定;决心 5.deep [diːp] a. 深 ad. 深;深厚 deeply [ˈdiːplɪ] ad. 深深地 depth [depθ] n. 深,深度 66.delight [dɪˈlaɪt] n. 快乐;乐事 delighted [di'laitid] a. 高兴的,快乐的 7.develop [dɪˈveləp] v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发 vt. 冲洗(照片) development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 发展,发达,发育, 8.devote [dɪˈvəʊt] vt. 把…奉献, 把…专用(于) devotion [dɪˈvəʊʃ(ə)n] n. 奉献,奉献精神 9.differ [ˈdɪfə(r)] v. 相异,有区别 difference [ˈdɪfrəns] n. 不同 different [ˈdɪfrənt] a. 不同的,有差异的 10.difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] a.难;艰难;不易相处 difficulty [ˈdɪfɪkəltɪ] n. 困难,费力 11.disagree [dɪsəˈɡriː] vi. 意见不一致,持不同意见 disagreement [dɪsəˈɡriːmənt] n. 意见不一致;争论 12.disappoint [dɪsəˈpɔɪnt]vt. 使失望 be disappointed at 感到失望的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointment [dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 失望;沮丧 13.discover [dɪˈskʌvə(r)] vt. 发现 discovery [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] n. 发现 14.discuss [dɪsˈkʌs] vt. 讨论,议论 discussion [dɪsˈkʌʃ(ə)n] n. 讨论,辩论 15.distance [ˈdɪstəns] n. 距离 distant [ˈdɪst(ə)nt] a. 远的,遥远的 E 1.easy [ˈiːzɪ] a. 容易的,不费力的 easily [ˈiːzɪlɪ] ad. 容易地 2.east [iːst]a. 东方;东部的;朝东的; ad. 在东方; eastern [ˈiːst(ə)n] a. 东方的;东部的 3.educate [ˈedjʊkeɪt] vt. 教育,培养 educator ['edju:keitə(r)] n. 教育家 education [edjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 教育,培养 4.engine [ˈendʒɪn] n. 发动机,引擎 engineer [endʒɪˈnɪə(r)] n. 工程师;技师 5.enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] vt.欣赏;享受乐趣;喜欢 enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəb(ə)l]a. 愉快的;有趣的 6.equal [ˈiːkw(ə)l] a.平等的 vt.等于,使等于 equality [iːˈkwɔlətɪ] n. 平等 82.equip [ɪˈkwɪp] vt. 提供设备;装备;配备 equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n. 装备,设备 7.exact [ɪɡˈzækt] a. 精确的;确切的 exactly [ex'act·ly] ad. 精确地;确切地 8.exist [ɪg'zɪst] vi. 存在 existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在;生存;存在物 9.explain [ɪksˈpleɪn] vt. 解释,说明 explanation [ekspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 解释,说明 10.express [ɪkˈspres] vt. 表达;表情 n. 快车,特快专递 expression [ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n]n. 表达;词句;表情 11.extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] a. 极其的,非常的 extremely [ɪkˈstriːmlɪ] ad. 极其,非常 F 1.fail [feɪl] v. 失败;不及格;衰退 failure [ˈfeɪljə(r)] n. 失败 2.fair [feə(r)] a. 公平的,合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的; (人)白肤金发的 n. 集市;庙会;展览会 fairly [ˈfeəlɪ] ad. 公正地,正当地;相当(程度)地 fairness ['fɛənis] n. 公平;公正 3.firm [fɜːm] n.公司;企业 a.坚固的,坚定的 firmly [ˈfɜːmlɪ] ad. 牢牢地 4.fluency ['fluənsi] n.(外语)流利,流畅 fluent [ˈfluːənt] a. (外语)流利的,流畅 5.fool [fuːl] n. 傻子,蠢人 foolish [ˈfuːlɪʃ] a. 愚蠢的,傻的 6.foreign [ˈfɔrən; (US) ˈfɔːrɪn] a. 外国的 foreigner [ˈfɔrənə(r)] n. 外国人 7.forget [fəˈrevə(r)] (forgot, forgotten) v. 忘记;忘掉 forgetful [fəˈɡetfʊl] a. 健忘的,不留心的 8.fortunate [ˈfɔːtʃənət] a. 幸运的; 侥幸的 fortune [ˈfɔːtjuːn, ˈfɔːtʃuːn] n. 财产;运气 9.free [friː] a. 自由,空闲的;免费的 freedom [ˈfriːdəm] n. 自由 10.friend [frend] n. 朋友 friendly [ˈfrendlɪ] a. 友好的 friendship [ˈfrendʃɪp] n. 友谊,友情 G 1.gift [ɡɪft] n. 赠品;礼物 gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] a. 有天赋的;有才华的 2.grow (grew, grown) [ɡrəʊ] v. 生长;发育;种植;变成 growth [ɡrəʊθ] n. 生长,增长 3. guidance [ˈɡaɪdəns] n. 引导,指导 guide [ɡaɪd] n. 向导,导游者 H 1. happy [ˈhæpɪ] a.幸福;快乐的,高兴的 happily ['hæpɪlɪ] ad. 幸福地,快乐地 happiness [ˈhæpɪnɪs] n. 幸福,愉快 2. hard [hɑːd] ad. 努力地;使劲;猛烈地 a.硬的;困难的;艰难的 hardly [ˈhɑːdlɪ] ad. 几乎不 hardship [ˈhɑːdʃɪp] n. 困难 3. harm [hɑːm] n.&v. 伤害;损伤 harmful [ˈhɑːmfʊl] a.有害的;致伤的 harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs] a. 无害的;不致伤的 4. health [helθ] n. 健康,卫生 healthy [ˈhelθɪ] a. 健康的,健壮的 5.heavy [ˈhevɪ] a. 重的 heavily [ˈhevɪlɪ] ad. 重地,大量地 6.help [help] n. & vt. 帮助,帮忙 helpful [ˈhelpfʊl] a. 有帮助的,有益的 7.hope [həʊp] n.& v. 希望 hopeful [ˈhəʊpfʊl] a. 有希望的;有前途的 hopeless a.没有希望,不可救药的 8.humorous [ˈhjuːmərəs] a. 富于幽默的 humour (美humor) ['hju:mə] n.幽默,幽默感 9. hunger [ˈhʌŋɡə(r)] n. 饥饿 hungry [ˈhʌŋɡrɪ] a. (饥)饿的 I 1. ill [ɪl] a. 有病的;不健康的 illness [ˈɪlnɪs] n. 疾病 1. importance [ɪmˈpɔːt(ə)ns] n. 重要性 important [ɪmˈpɔːtənt] a. 重要的 3. imagine vt. 想象 imaginary adj. 想象的 imagination n. 想象 4. impossible [ɪmˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 不可能的 possible 可能的 5. impress [ɪmˈpres] vt. 留下极深的印象 impression [ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n] n. 印象,感觉 6. improve 改善,提高 improvement 7.independent 独立的 independence 8. instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] vt. 通知;指示;教 instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 说明,须知;教导 9. interest [ˈɪntrəst] n. 兴趣,趣味;利息 interesting [ˈɪntrətɪŋ] a. 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 10. intelligence 智力,intelligent 聪明的 11. introduce [ɪntrəˈdjuːs; (US) -duːs] vt. 介绍 introduction [ɪntrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 引进,介绍 12. invent [ɪnˈvent] vt. 发明,创造 invention [ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n] n. 发明,创造 13. invitation [ɪnvɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 邀请,请帖 invite [ɪnˈvaɪt] vt. 邀请,招待 J 1. judge [dʒʌdʒ] n. 裁判;审判员;法官vt. 判断,断定 judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n. 裁判 2. juice [dʒuːs] n. 汁、液 juicy [dʒuːsɪ] a. 多汁的;水分多的 K 1. kind [kaɪnd] n. 种;类 a. 善良,友好的 kindness [ˈkaɪndnɪs] n. 仁慈;善良 L 1. last [lɑːst; (US) læst] a.最近刚过去;最后的ad.最近刚过去;最后地 n.最后v.持续 late [leɪt] a.晚的,迟的ad.晚地,迟地 lately [ˈleɪtlɪ] ad. 最近,不久前 later [ˈleɪtə(r)] a. 晚些的,迟些的 latest [ˈleɪtɪst] a.最近,最新的;最晚的 latter [ˈlætə(r)] n.(两者之中的)后者 2.lazy 懒惰的 lazily 懒惰地 laziness n. 懒惰 3. laugh [lɑːf] n.& v. 笑,大笑;嘲笑 laughter [ˈlɑːftə(r); (US) ˈlæftər] n. 笑; 笑声 4. learn (learnt, learnt;--ed --ed) [lɜːn] vt. 学,学习,学会 learned [ˈlɜːnɪd] a. 有才华的;博学的 5. live [lɪv] vi. 生活;居住;活着 a. 活的,活着的;实况,现场(直播)的 lively [ˈlaɪvlɪ] a. 活泼的;充满生气的 living [ˈlɪvɪŋ] a. 活着的 n. 生计 6. legal 合法的 illegal 违法的 7. loud [laʊd] a. 大声的 loudly [laʊdlɪ] ad. 大声地 8. love [lʌv] n.& vt. 爱;热爱;很喜欢 lovely [ˈlʌvlɪ] a. 美好的,可爱的 9. luck [lʌk] n. 运气,好运 lucky [ˈlʌkɪ] a. 运气好,侥幸 M 1. marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ] n. 结婚,婚姻 married [ˈmærɪd] a. 已婚的 marry [ˈmærɪ] v.(使)成婚,结婚 2. memory [ˈmemərɪ] n. 回忆,记忆 memorize [ˈmeməraɪz] v. 记忆 3.mental [ˈment(ə)l] a. 精神的;脑力的 mentally [ˈmentəlɪ] ad. 精神上;智力上 4.merciful [ˈmɜːsɪfʊl] a. 仁慈的;宽大的 mercy [ˈmɜːsɪ] n. 怜悯 5.mess [mes] n. 凌乱 messy [ˈmesɪ] a. 乱七八糟的 6. mistake (mistook, mistaken) [mɪsˈteɪk] n. 错误 vt. 弄错 mistaken [mɪsˈteɪkən] a. 错误的 7. mix [mɪks] v. 混合,搅拌 mixture [ˈmɪkstʃə(r)] n. 混合物 8. move [muːv] v. 移动,搬动,搬家 movement [ˈmuːvmənt] n. 运动,活动 9. modern 现代的 modernize vt.使现代化 modernization 现代化 N 1. nature [ˈneɪtʃə(r)] n. 自然, 性质,种类 natural [ˈnætʃər(ə)l] a. 自然的 2. nation 国家 national 国家的 nationality 国籍 3. near [nɪə(r)] a. 近的 ad. 附近,邻近 prep. 在……附近,靠近 nearby [ˈnɪəbaɪ] a. 附近的 nearly [ˈnɪəlɪ] ad. 将近,几乎 4. necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地 necessity n. 必需品 5. nine [naɪn] num. 九 ninth [naɪnθ] num. 第九 6. noise [nɔɪz] n. 声音,噪声,喧闹声 noisily ['nɔɪzɪlɪ] ad. 喧闹地 noisy [ˈnɔɪzɪ] a. 喧闹的,嘈杂的 7. normal [ˈnɔːm(ə)l] n.& a. 正常的(状态) abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地 8. north [nɔːθ] a.北的;朝北的;从北来的 ad.向(在,从)北方 n.北;北方;北部 northern [ˈnɔːð(ə)n] a. 北方的,北部的 northwards [ˈnɔːθwədz] ad. 向北 9. novel [ˈnɔv(ə)l] n. (长篇)小说 novelist [ˈnɔvəlɪst] n. 小说家 10. nurse [nɜːs] n. 护士;保育员 nursery [ˈnɜːsərɪ] n. 托儿所 nursing [nɜːsɪŋ] n.(职业性的)保育,护理 O 1. operate[ˈɔpəreɪt] v. 做手术,运转;实施,负责, 经营,管理 operation [ɔpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 手术,操作 operator [ˈɔpəreɪtə(r)] n. 接线员 2. oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt. 反对;反抗 opposite [ˈɔpəzɪt] n. 相反,对面 a. 相反的,对面的 3. organize ['ɔ:gənaiz] vt. 组织 organiser (organizer) ['ɔ:gənaizə] n. 组织者 organization [ɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n. 组织,机构 P 1. pain [peɪn] n. 疼痛,疼 painful [ˈpeɪnfʊl] a. 使痛的,使痛苦的 paint [peɪnt] n.油漆 vt.油漆,粉刷,绘画 painter [ˈpeɪntə(r)] n. 绘画者,(油)画家 painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ] n. 油画,水彩画 2. part [pɑːt] n. 部分;成分 partly [ˈpɑːtlɪ] ad.部分地,在一定程度上 3. patience n. 容忍;耐心 patient [ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt] n. 病人,耐心的 4. peace [piːs] n. 和平 peaceful [ˈpiːsfʊl] a. 和平的,安宁的 5. perform [pəˈfɔːm] v. 表演,履行;行动 performance [pəˈfɔːm] n. 演出,表演 performer [pəˈfɔːmə(r)] n. 表演者,执行者 6. person [ˈpɜːs(ə)n] n. 人 personal [ˈpɜːsən(ə)l] a. 个人的,私人的 personnel [pɜːsəˈnel] n. 全体人员,职员 personally [ˈpɜːsənəlɪ] ad. 就自己而言 7.physical [ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l] a. 身体的;物理的 physician [fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n.(有行医执照的)医生 8. physicist [ˈfɪzɪsɪst] n. 物理学家 physics [ˈfɪzɪks] n. 物理(学) 9. pleasant [ˈplezənt] a. 令人愉快的,舒适的 please [pliːz] v. 请,使人高兴,使人满意 pleased [pliːzd] a. 高兴的 pleasure [pliːzd] n. 高兴,愉快 10. poem [ˈpəʊɪm] n. 诗 poet [ˈpəʊɪt] n. 诗人 11. poison [ˈpɔɪz(ə)n] n. 毒药 poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs] a. 有毒的,致命的 12. pollute [pəˈluːt] vt. 污染 pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] n. 污染 13. possess [pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] vt. 占有;拥有 possession [pəˈzeʃ(ə)n] n. 所有,拥有;财产,所有物 14. possibility [pɔsɪˈbɪlɪtɪ] vn. 可能,可能性 possible [ˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 可能的 15. power [ˈpaʊdə(r)] n. 力,动力,电力 powerful [ˈpaʊəfʊl] a. 效力大的,强有力的,强大的 16. practical [ˈpræktɪk(ə)l] a. 实际的,适用的 practice(s)e [ˈpræktɪs] n. 练习 17. prefer [prɪˈfɜː(r)] vt.宁愿(选择),更喜欢 preference [ˈprefərəns] n. 选择,趋向 18. preparation [prepəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准备 prepare [prɪˈpeə(r)] vt. 准备,预备,调制,配制 19.press [ˈprezɪdənt] vt.压,按 n.新闻界,出版社 pressure [ˈpreʃə(r)] n. 压迫,压力,压强 20. probable [ˈprɔbəb(ə)l] a.很可能,很有希望的 probably [ˈprɔbəb(ə)lɪ] ad. 很可能,大概 21. produce [prəˈdjuːs; (US) -ˈduːs] vt. 生产;制造 product [ˈprɔdʌkt] n. 产品,制品 production [prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 生产;制造 22. pronounce [prəˈnaʊns] vt. 发音 pronunciation [prənʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 发音 23. proper [ˈprɔpə(r)] a. 恰当的,合适的 properly [ˈprɔpəlɪ] ad. 适当地 24. protect [prəˈtekt] vt. 保护 protection [prəˈtekʃ(ə)n] n. 保护 25. proud [praʊd] a. 自豪的;骄傲的 pride [praɪd] n. 自豪,骄傲 26. puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n. 难题,(字、画)谜 puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)l] a. 迷惑的,困惑的 R 1. rain [reɪn] n. 雨,雨水 vi. 下雨 rainy [ˈreɪnɪ] a. 下雨的;多雨的 2. real [riːl] a. 真实的,确实的 reality [rɪˈælɪtɪ] n. 现实 realise (美realize) [ˈrɪəlaɪz] vt.认识到,实现 really v [ˈrɪəlɪ] ad. 真正地;到底;确实 3. reason [ˈriːz(ə)n] vi.评理,劝说n.理由,原因 reasonable [ˈriːzənəb(ə)l] a. 合乎情理的 4. refusal [rɪˈfjuːz(ə)l] n. 拒绝 refuse [rɪˈfjuːz] vi. 拒绝,不愿 5. relate [rɪˈleɪt] vi. 有关; 涉及 relation [rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 关系; 亲属 relationship [rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp] n. 关系 relative [ˈrelətɪv] n. 亲属,亲戚 6. rely [rɪˈlaɪ] v. 依赖,依靠 reliable [rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l] a. 可信赖的,可依靠的 7. religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən] n. 宗教 religious [rɪˈlɪdʒəs] a. 宗教的 8. require [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] vt. 需求;要求 requirement [rɪˈkwaɪəmənt] n. 需要; 要求; 必要的条件 9. reservation [rezəˈveɪʃ(ə)n] n. 预定 reserve [rɪˈzɜːv] n. & v. 储备;预定 S 1.sad [sæd] a. (使人)悲伤的 sadness [ˈsædnɪs] n. 悲哀,忧伤 2. safe [seɪf] a. 安全的 n. 保险柜 safety [ˈseɪftɪ] n. 安全,保险 3. sail [seɪl] n. 航行 v. 航行,开航 sailing [ˈseɪlɪŋ] n. 航海 sailor [ˈseɪlə(r)] n. 水手,海员 4. salt [sɔːlt, sɔlt] n. 盐 salty [ˈsɔːltɪ, ˈsɔltɪ] a. 盐的,咸的,含盐的 5. scene [sɪːn] n. (戏剧、电影等的)一场,场景,布景 scenery [ˈsiːnərɪ] n. 风景,景色,风光 6.science [ˈsaɪəns] n. 科学,自然科学 scientific [saɪənˈtɪfɪk] a. 科学的 scientist [ˈsaɪəntɪst] n. 科学家 7. secure [sɪˈkjʊə(r)] a.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的 security [sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ] n. 安全,平安 8. serve [sɜːv] vt. 招待(顾客等),服务 service [ˈsɜːvɪs] n. 服务 9. settle [ˈset(ə)l] vi. 安家,定居 settlement [ˈsetəlmənt] n. 新拓居地;(美)部落,村落 settler [ˈsetlə(r)] n. 移居者,开拓者 10.sick [sɪk] a.有病,患病的,(想)呕吐 sickness [ˈsɪknɪs] n. 疾病 11. silence[ˈsaɪləns] n. 安静,沉默 silentˈsaɪlənt] a. 无声的,无对话的 12. simple[ˈsɪmp(ə)l] a. 简单的,简易的 simplify[ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ] v. 使简化,使简易 simply [ˈsɪmplɪ] ad.简单地,(加强语气)的确 13. skill [skiː] n. 技能,技巧 skilled [skiː] a. 熟练的;有技能的 skillful [ˈskɪlf(ə)l]a. 熟练,精湛的,灵巧的 skillfully ['skilfuli] ad. 精湛地,巧妙地 14. sleep [sliːp]n. 睡觉 sleep (slept, slept) [sliːp] vi. 睡觉 sleepy [sliːp]a. 想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的 15.smell (smelt, smelt 或-ed,-ed) [smel] v. 嗅,闻到;发气味 n. 气味 smelly [ˈsmelɪ] a. 有臭味的,发出臭味的 16.smoke [smaɪl] n. 烟 v. 冒烟;吸烟 smoker [ˈsməʊkə(r)] n. 吸烟者 smoking [ˈsməʊkɪŋ]n. 吸烟,抽烟;冒烟 17.snow [snəʊ] n. 雪 vi.下雪 snowy [ˈsnəʊɪ] a. 雪(白)的;下雪的;多(积)雪的 18.social [ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l]a. 社会的;社交的 socialism [ˈsəʊʃəlɪz(ə)m] n. 社会主义 socialist [ˈsəʊʃəlɪst] a. 社会主义的 society [səˈsaɪətɪ]n. 社会 19.spirit [ˈspɪrɪt]n. 精神 spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtʃʊəl]a. 精神的; 心灵的 20. strength [streŋθ] n. 力量,力气 strengthen [ˈstreŋθ(ə)n] vt. 加强,增强 strong [strɔŋ; (US) strɔːɡ] a. 强(壮)的;坚固的;强烈的;坚强的 21. succeed [səkˈsiːd] vi. 成功 success [səkˈses] n. 成功 successful [səkˈsesfʊl] a. 成功的,有成就的 22. suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)] vi. 受苦,遭受 suffering [ˈsʌfərɪŋ] n. 痛苦,苦难 23. suggest [səˈdʒest; (US) səɡˈdʒest] vt. 建议,提议 suggestion [səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n] n. 建议 24. sun [sʌn] n. 太阳,阳光 sunny [ˈsʌnɪ] a. 晴朗的;阳光充足的 25. surround [səˈraʊnd]vt. 围绕;包围 surrounding [səˈraʊndɪŋ] a. 周围的 26. survival [səˈvaɪv(ə)l] n. 存活,幸存 survive [səˈvaɪv] v.生存,存活,幸免于难 T 1. technical [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] a. 技术的,工艺的 technique [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] n. 技术;技巧,方法 technology [tekˈnɔlədʒɪ] n. 技术 2. thank [θæŋk] vt. 感谢,致谢,道谢 n. (复)感谢,谢意 thankful [ˈθæŋkfʊl] a. 感谢的,感激的 3. theoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] a. 理论的 theory [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] n. 理论 4. thirst [θɜːd] n. 渴; 口渴 thirsty [ˈθɜːstɪ] a. 渴 5. tire [ˈtaɪə(r)] vi. 使疲劳 tired [ˈtaɪəd] a. 疲劳的,累的 tiresome a. 令人厌倦的 6. total [ˈtəʊt(ə)l] a. 总数的;总括的;完全的,全然的 n.合计,总计 v.合计为 totally [ˈtɔt(ə)lɪ] ad. 总合地,完全地 7. tour [tʊə(r)] n. 参观, 观光, 旅行 tourism [ˈtʊərɪz(ə)m] n. 旅游业;观光 tourist [ˈtʊərɪst] vn. 旅行者,观光者 8. tradition [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] n. 传统,风俗 traditional [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] a. 传统的,风俗的 9. train [treɪn] n. 火车 v. 培训,训练 trainer [treɪˈnə(r)] n. 训练人;教练 training [ˈtreɪnɪŋ] n. 培训 10. translate [trænsˈleɪt] vt. 翻译 translation [trænsˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 翻译;译文 translator [træns'leitə] n. 翻译家,译者 11. travel [ˈtræv(ə)l] n.& vi.旅行 traveler [ˈtrævələ(r)] n. 旅行者 12. treat [triːt] vt. 对待,看待 treatment [ˈtriːtmənt] n. 治疗,疗法 13. trouble [ˈtrʌb(ə)l] vt. 使苦恼,使忧虑,使麻烦 n.问题,疾病,烦恼,麻烦 troublesome [ˈtrʌb(ə)lsəm] a.令人烦恼, 讨厌 14. true [truː] a. 真的,真实的;忠诚的 truly [ˈtruːlɪ] ad. 真正地,真实地 truth [truːθ] n. 真理,事实,真相,实际 15. type [ˈtaɪp] vt. 打字 typist [ˈtaɪpɪst] n. 打字员 U-V 1.unfortunate [ʌnˈfəʊld] a. 不幸的 unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnətlɪ] ad. 不幸地 2. use [juːz] n.& vt.利用,使用,应用 useful [ˈjuːsfʊl] a. 有用的,有益的 useless [ˈjuːslɪs] a. 无用的 user [ˈjuːzə] n. 使用者;用户 3. usual [ˈjuːʒʊəl] a. 通常的,平常的 usually [ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ] ad. 通常,经常 4. valuable [ˈvæljʊəb(ə)l] a. 值钱的,贵重的 value [ˈvæljuː] n. 价值,益处 V-W 1.variety [vəˈraɪətɪ] n. 种种,种类 various [ˈveərɪəs] a. 各种各样的,不同的 2. violence [ˈvaɪələns] n. 暴力行为 violent [ˈvaɪələnt] a. 暴力的 3. violin [vaɪəˈlɪn] n. 小提琴 violinist [vaɪəˈlɪnɪst] n. 提琴家,提琴手 4. visit [ˈviːzə] n.& vt. 参观,访问,拜访 visitor [ˈvɪzɪtə(r)] n. 访问者,参观者 5. wait [weɪt] vi. 等,等候 waiter [ˈweɪtə(r)] n. (餐厅)男服务员 waitress [tres] n. 女服务员 6. warm [wɔːm] a. 暖和的,温暖的;热情的 warmth [wɔːmθ] n. 暖和,温暖 7. weak [wiːk] a. 差的,弱的,淡的 weakness [ˈwiːknɪs] n. 软弱 8. wealth [welθ] n. 财产,财富 wealthy [ˈwelθɪ] a. 富的 9. week [wiːk] n. 星期,周 weekday [ˈwiːkdeɪ] n. 平日 weekend [wiːkˈend, ˈwiːkend] n. 周末 weekly [ˈwiːklɪ] a. 每周的 10. weigh [weɪ] vt. 称…的重量,重(若干) weight [weɪt] n. 重,重量 11. wind [wɪnd] n. 风 windy [ˈwɪndɪ] a. 有风的,多风的 12. wisdom [ˈwɪzdəm] n. 智慧 wise [waɪz] a. 聪明,英明的,有见识的 13. wonder [ˈwʌndə(r)] v. 对…疑惑,感到惊奇,想知道 n. 惊讶,惊叹;奇迹 wonderful [ˈwʌndəfʊl] a. 美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了 14. wood [ˈwʌndəfʊl] n.木头,木材,(复)树木,森林 wooden [ˈwʊd(ə)n] a. 木制的 15. woo [wʊl] l n. 羊毛,羊绒 woollen ['wulin] a. 羊毛的,羊毛制的 16. work [wɜːk] n. 工作,劳动,事情 vi. 工作;(机器、器官等)运转,活动 workday ['wə:kdei] n. 工作日 worker [ˈwɜːkə(r)] n. 工人;工作者 workforce ['wə:kfɔ:s] n. 劳动力 workmate ['wə:kfɔ:s] n. 同事;工友 workplace [wɜːkpleɪs] n.工作场所,车间 works [wɜːks] n. 著作,作品 17. worried ['wɜrɪd /'wʌ-] a. 担心的,烦恼的 worry [ˈwʌrɪ] n.& v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰 18. worth [wɜːθ] a. 有…的价值,值得…的 worthless [ˈwɜːθlɪs] a.没有价值,没有用的 worthwhile [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a. 值得做的 worthy [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a. 值得的 语法填空常考词汇表二 1. -able是形容词后缀, 表示“能……的, 可……的; 具有……” movable   可移动的 believable 可相信的 enjoyable 令人愉快的 changeable 易变的 favourable    adj. 赞同的 respectable adj. 可敬的 adaptable adj. 可适应的 deniable adj. 可否认的 reasonable adj. 合理的 2.表示程度 -ly的副词 entirely    adv. 完全地, 全部地 completely adv. 完全地, 十分地. extremely adv. 非常, 极其 totally adv. 完全 perfectly完美地 3. -ship表示状态; 性质; 品质; 地位; 职位 scholarship 奖学金  friendship 友谊 leadership 领导地位 relationship 关系 hardship 苦难 membership 成员资格 professorship 教授职位 membership 全体成员 ownership 所有权 4. -ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦 shocking令人震惊的 shocked感到震惊的 frightening令人恐惧的 frightened受惊的 terrifying令人害怕的 terrified感到害怕的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的 5. 后缀-al加在动词或名词后面构成形容词或名词, 表示“事物的动作, 过程” original     原来的, 起初 traditional 传统的 personal 个人的 occasional 偶尔; 有时候 emotional 情感的 nutritional adj. 营养(物)的 refusal n. 拒绝, 回绝; 谢绝 arrival n. 到来; 到达; 到达者 survival n. 幸存(者); 继续生存 approval n. 赞成, 赞同, 赞许; 批准 practical   实践的 essential 不可或缺的 mental 精神的 vital 重要的 electrical 与电有关的 physical 身体的 6. 后缀-ing在动词后构成形容词, “令人……的” frightening    吓人的; 可怕的 exciting 令人兴奋的; 令人激动的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 moving 令人感动的 astonishing 令人震惊的 7. 形容词变为名词将词尾的-t变成-ce的单词 dependent adj. 依靠的→dependence n. 依靠 existent adj. 存在的→existence n. 存在 important adj. 重要的→importance n. 重要性 patient adj. 有耐心的→patience n. 耐心 convenient adj. 方便的→convenience n. 方便 independent adj. 独立的→independence absent adj. 缺席的, 缺少的→absence significant adj. 重大的; 有意义的→significance brilliant adj.灿烂的; 杰出的→brilliance 8. 动词+ing→形容词 embarrass vt.→embarrassing adj. 让人难堪的 disappoint vt.→disappointing adj. 令人失望的 excite vt.→exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 interest vt.→interesting adj. 有趣的 frighten v.→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 warn vt →warning adj. 警告的; 告诫的 move vt→moving adj. 令人感动的 touch vt→touching adj. 动人的; 令人感伤的 dare vt→daring adj. 勇敢的; 大胆的; 蛮横的 interest vt→interesting adj. 有趣味的 surprise vt→surprising adj. 惊人的; 奇异的; 意外的 9.后缀-ion, -sion, -tion加在动词后面, 表示“行为的过程, 结果, 状况” indication n. 表明 hesitation n. 犹豫 graduation n. 毕业 translation n. 翻译 accommodation n. 住宿 prohibition    n. 禁止; 阻止; 禁令 action n. 行动, 作用 conclusion n. 结论; 推论; 最后的决定 construction n. 建设; 建筑 expression n. 表达; 词句; 表情 position    位置 action 行动; 行为 invention 发明 collection 收藏; 收藏品 instruction 指示; 说明 -sion 名词后缀 extension   延长, 扩展 profession 职业 decision 决定 conclusion 结论 expansion 扩张 10. 后缀-ment加在动词后面构成名词, 表示“行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果” commitment n. 承诺; 交托 treatment n. 对待; 治疗 movement n. 运动; 移动 judgment n. 审判; 判决 punishment n. 罚, 处罚; 刑罚 11. 以-ness结尾的名词 ill→illness     疾病 kind→kindness 仁慈; 好意 soft→ softness 柔软 dark→ darkness 黑暗 happy→happiness 幸福; 快乐 12. 以“-ify”结尾的动词荟萃 简化 simplify 美化 beautify 净化 purify 鉴定; 识别出 identify 分类 classify 使恐惧 horrify 13. 以-ial结尾的形容词 influential有影响力的 artificial人工的 official官方的 beneficial有益的 social社会的 essential至关重要的 facial面部的 potential潜在的 special特殊的 racial种族的 14. 后缀-ern构成的方位形容词 eastern  东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的 western 西方的; 西部的; 来自西方的 southern 南方的; 南部的; 来自南方的 northern 北方的; 北部的; 来自北方的 northwestern 西北方的; 来自西北的 southeastern 东南方的; 来自东南的 15. un-常用于形容词前构成反义词 un+believable→unbelievable   难以置信的 un+happy→unhappy 不幸福的 un+kind→unkind 不友善的 un+fit→unfit 不健康的 un+comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒适的 16. “n. +后缀-y”构成形容词 foggy   有浓雾的 healthy 健康的 noisy 嘈杂的 tasty 美味的 smelly 有味的 1.The ____ (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather. 2.His ____ (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest. 3.And day after day, the once beautiful river has turned into a _________(smell) dustbin. 4.Since then, there has been no _________(office) communication with the kidnappers(绑架者). 5.It was ________(extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine. 6.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need ________(practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble. 7.Men and women have to sit in separate areas-----the men with the bridegroom, and the women with the bride, at wedding_________(receive). 8.A ________(retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years. 9.He found he could no longer deal with his _______ (demand) job. 10.I must make an _____(apologize) to him for not going to his party. 11.Some media _________ the conflict was under control, but there has still been no official _________ . (confirm) 12._________, I thought I could adapt to the climate there.(initial) 13.Even if you _________ once again,it doesn't suggest that you are a _________. (fail) 14.Kara's phone has been ringing _____. We are really bored with the _____. (frequent) 15.Due to a small fire, the office will be closed _____, but it will be open very soon. (temporary) 16.When food had been _____ to the villagers, they complained that its _____ was not fair. (distribute) 17.Seeing the cat killed in the _____, the little girl trembled _____. (violent) 18.The great _________ united the small states into a powerful _________. (empire) 19.Her face was covered with _________, which made it look rather _________ than usual. (dirty) 20.Though with _________ feet, the girl _________ felt a bit cold. (bare) 21.The pretty girl looked _________, and no one could match with her _________. (elegant) 22.He _________ the skills required for the job, so we didn't admit him into our group due to _________ of interest. (lack) 23.My daughter _________ described what she had heard and seen in the wildlife zoo. (vivid) 24.My boss _____ me to work overtime every day, and I had an _____ to hit him. (urge) 25.They are discussing how to build up a (power) government. 26.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _____(wonder). 27.__________(compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient in communication nowadays. 28.Children are allowed much more __________(free) these days. 29.They fought a long battle against prejudice and __________(ignorant). 30.South Africa has submitted an __________(apply) to host the World Cup. 31.He took a very __________(science) approach to management. 32.We moved into a cabin with _________(electric) hut no running water. 33.He remained the most popular _________(politic) in Arkansas. 34.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their _________(surround). 35.The author's __________(intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end. 36.His only chance of __________(survive)was a heart transplant. 37.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of _________(entertain). 38.Join us to taste a _________(various) of fresh local food and drinks. 39.Since most students are in need of a nap, proper ________(arrange) should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole morning's hard work. 40.They believe the civilisation of a city can be judged by people's ________(aware) of animal protection. 41.While I have only listed two of each, there are ________(obvious) many other situations that can arise. 42.The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with _________(curious). 43.There are energy savings to be made from all __________(recycle) materials, sometimes huge savings. 44.Operators said the dark spot is about two times the ________(long) of the United States. 45.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were __________(poison), she would not have picked them for dinner. 46.Both locally and _______(global) , the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. 47.However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the ________(extinct) of this precious species. 48.There are many ways to increase ________(agriculture) efficiency in the poorer areas of the world. 49.The ________(disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. 50.The title will be __________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 51.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts. 52.It is essential to get good _________(profession) advice. 53.The method is _________(specific) designed for use in small groups. 54.I think it was ___________ that they should have been aware of the ___________ of the rules. (significance) 55.In the experiment, we want to know the _________ data, so you must assure the _________. (accurate) 56.I am beginning to feel embarrassed at my complete _____ (ignore) of world history. 57.This kind of soil is not _____ (suit) for growing peanuts. 58.It is _______ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country. 59.The fish is a bit ____ (smell). We can't eat it. 60.____ (unfortunate), Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm. 【2024】 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). 2.【2024全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the ____48____(complete)of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. 3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 4.【2024浙江1月卷】Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____40____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. 【2023】 1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists. 2.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty __69___ (warn) about environmental destruction. 3.【2023年全国乙卷】The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 4.【2023年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. 5.【2023年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out. 6.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning? ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 7.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 8.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____64____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____65_____ (want) more next time. 9.【2023年全国甲卷】 ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 10.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps. 【2022】 11. (2022年全国甲卷语法填空) ...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___A 64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 12.(2022年全国甲卷短文改错)I felt so closely to him. 13.(2022年全国乙卷语法填空) ...As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 14. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错)We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.... 15. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 2、 构词法在阅读理解中的运用 写出下列段落中划线词的构词形式及汉语意思 1.(2023年新高考I卷C篇)The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 2.(2022年全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. 2.(2022年新高考I卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 【2021】 1. (2021年新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are. 2. (2021年全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people… 3. (2021年全国乙卷)… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas. 4. (2021年全国乙卷) Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 5. (2021年1月浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 30. (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. 6. (2021年6月浙江卷)…Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 7.(2021年新高考I卷)It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 17..(2021年全国甲卷)… to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines. 8.(2021年全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 _ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,… 9. Provide 68 (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. 10.(2021年1月浙江卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35(sharp). 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!20 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 构词法 目录 考情探究 构词法一  派生法 4 构词法二 转化法 8 构词法三 合成法 9 语法填空词形转换常考词汇表一 11 语法填空常考词汇表二 29 考点梳理 三、好题冲关 33 近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查。通过引导学生掌握构词法,分析词的组成,有助于学生提高词汇的分析能力,扩大词汇量。此外,利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性,避免出现拼写的错误,提高综合能力。 近年高考真题名词考点细目表 年份 卷别 语法填空 阅读理解 2024年 新高考I卷 engineering (engineer) Functional (function) closed (close) invade  v. 入侵,侵略 → invasive  adj. 侵入的 restoration  n. 修复;恢复 removal  n. 移走,去掉;消除biological  n. 生物的,生物学的 defensive  adj. 戒备的,自卫的occasionally  adv. 偶然,偶尔 conventional  adj. 依照惯例的,遵循习俗的membership  n. 会员身份,会籍;会员数 complexity  n. 复杂性,错综复杂effectiveness  n. 有效性,效力 comprehension  n. 理解力,领悟力 experimenter  n. 实验者,试验者 abstraction  n. 抽象;提取;抽象概念psychologist  n. 心理学家 unlikely  adj. 不大可能发生的advanced  adj. 先进的;高级的,高等的 educational  adj. 教育的;有教育意义的observational  adj. 观测的;根据观察的 outnumber  v. 比……多oversampled  adj. 过采样的 flowering  adj. 开花的coverage  n. 覆盖范围;新闻报道 outdated  adj. 过时的,陈旧的imperfect  adj. 不完美的  threatened  adj. 受到威胁的,感到危险的improper  adj. 不正确的,错误的;不适当的 professionally  adv. 专业地;内行地reference  n. 提及,谈到;参考,查阅 definition  n. 定义,释义rewarding  adj. 值得的,有意义的 新高考II卷 Visibility (visible) beginner  n. 新手;初学者informative  adj. 提供有用信息的;给予知识的 experienced  adj. 有经验的;熟练的;有阅历的inappropriately  adv. 不适当地 absolutely  adv. 绝对地,完全地additionally  adv. 此外;另外 innovative  adj. 革新的,创新的specifically  adv. 特别地,专门地;具体来说,确切地说 surrounding  adj. 周围的,附近的sustainability  n. 可持续性 recycling  n. 回收利用reduction  n. 减少,缩小,降低 passionate  adj. 具有强烈信念的;热爱的,酷爱的employee  n. 受雇者,雇工,雇员 astonishing  adj. 令人感到惊讶的,难以置信的complicated  adj. 复杂的;难懂的 thankfully  adv. 满怀感激地,幸好professional  adj. 职业的,专业的 n. 专业人士 understandable  adj. 可理解的awareness  n. 意识;认识;感悟能力 currently  adv. 现时,当前extinction  n. 灭绝,消亡 humanity  n. 人,人类;人性,仁慈structured  adj. 有组织的,有条理的 unacceptable  adj. 不能接受地minimize/minimise  v. 使减到最少;小看;最小化 mindfully  adv. 注意地;谨慎地relatively  adv. 相当地,相对地 全国甲卷 completion(complete) demanding adj. 要求极高的;需要高技能(或耐性等)的 showcase vt. 使展现;在玻璃橱窗陈列 n. 陈列橱窗 awash adj. 被淹没;充满; 被漫过;被水覆盖 cocoon n.茧;保护膜;防护层;软罩 vt. 把…包围起来保护 undergraduate n. (尚未获得学士学位的)大学生,大学本科生 vocalization n. 发声;嗓音; 歌声;说出的话  affection    n.  感情;爱情;喜爱;钟爱   affectionate  adj.  充满深情的;表示关爱的 heightened senses 灵敏反应;敏锐感知 adorable adj. 可爱的;讨人喜爱的 modernization n. 现代化;维新 refuel     v. 补充燃料;使(情绪或想法)更强烈 moderation n. 适度;适中; 合理 mindless     adj. 盲目的;愚蠢的;机械的;没头脑的 2023年 新高考I卷 56. Tasty(taste) 64.rarely(rare) economical adj. 经济的,实惠的; Sustainable adj.可持续的; strategic adj. 重要的,合适的,战略(性)的; available adj.可用的,可得到的; additional adj. 附加的,另外的 countless adj. 无数的;多得数不清的 新高考II卷 56.arrival (arrive) 57. Confident (confidence) 63. Basically ( Basic) Occasionally adv. 偶然;偶尔;有时候 Evaluation n. 评价,评估 Emotional adj. 感情的;情感的;情绪的 Initiator n.发起人;创始人 全国甲卷 67.different(difference) 69. Warning(Warn) backbreaking adj.非常辛劳的;费力的 philosopher哲学家philosophical哲学的 Simplicity简单reawaken重新唤起 全国乙卷 Remarkable (Remark) Probably adv. 几乎肯定;很可能;大概 Uninteresting adj. 不吸引人的;无趣的;无聊的 less-than-impressive 不那么令人印象深刻的 2022 年 新高考I卷 63. eventually (eventual) honorable =honourable adj. 光荣的;可敬的;高贵的 disqualification n. 不合格;取消资格;被罚下场 disqualified 不合格的;被取消资格的 willpower   n. 意志力;毅力 新高考II卷 asleep (sleep) accidentally (accidental ) afford v-affordable adj. private adj.-privacy n. 全国甲卷 protection (protect) meaningful (meaning) trial-and-error试错实验 indicate v-indication n-indicator n. 表明一指示器,指标 浙江卷1月 roughly (rough) Independence (independent) downturn n.衰退;下降 white-out conditions(暴露于恶劣天气环境而产生的)失明 off-road biking越野骑车 lifeblood n.命脉... 全国乙卷 responsibility (responsible) characterisation n.人物刻 re-admissionn.重新入场 A hair-raising令人毛骨悚然 考点梳理 考点一:名词转和动词互相变换 1.【2024全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the ____48____(complete)of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. 【答案】completion 【解析】考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。 2.【2024浙江1月卷】Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____40____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 1. This development was only possible with the_________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts 2. When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting_________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 3. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you1 feel a real sense of_________(achieve). 1. introduction 2. competition 3. achievement 考点二:名词和形容词互相变换 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). 56.【答案】engineering 【解析】考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。 57.【答案】functional 【解析】考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。 2.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43to find___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 42.【答案】visibility 【解析】考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 1.English is a very__________(use) tool while you're traveling abroad 2. I'm very __________(please) with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. 3. Tom sounds very much __________(interest) in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. 4. He is constantly complaining. I have never met a (noise) person. 1. useful 2. pleased 3. interested 4. noisy 考点三:形容词和副词互相变换 1.【2022新高考I卷】 The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 答案:eventually 解析:考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。 1. _________ (gradual), little Tom got used to being the only child at a table full of adults. 2. Work gets done ____________(easy) when people do it together. 3.Look at you! You’re breathing so _______(heavy). We’re not even halfway there yet. 1. Gradually 2. easily 3. heavily 考点四:阅读理解和完形填空中的考查 【2024全国甲卷】 ... Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 【答案】 9. D 【9题详解】 推理判断题,第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. ”可以推断,Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助,故选D。 populated populated 作形容词,意为“有人口居住的,聚居了的栖息了的”,由“populale v.居住于,生活于,构成……的人口,移居+-d”构成。heavily populated 人口稠密的。 (2024·北京海淀·二模)We are a social animal. Indeed, it is our sociality — such as the ability to make sense of each other, to communicate, to work cooperatively and, finally, to create culture — that marks us off from other animal species. But then why are we everywhere striving to increase our isolation and limit our contact with others? As musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last month, it is a striking fact about the new technologies that have so come to shape our lives, that they have precisely this effect: they limit our need for human contact. Online shopping? Check. Automated checkout? Check. Ride hail apps? Check. Efficiency is the key. We purchase efficiency by limiting the human aspect, known as “autonomous operation”. This is perhaps even more pronounced with new technologies on the horizon. Take the MOOC, the teacher-less virtual classroom. As Byrn e notes, this is meant to deliver the values of a learning environment without, well, without the environment — you get to stay at home — no teacher, but also, no fellow students. Byrne isn’t claiming we are consciously choosing to isolate ourselves. We shop online because it is convenient. The absence of contact with others is a side-effect. Maybe even an unavoidable one, as one of the things that makes online shopping so easy is precisely the absence of contact with other people. But Bryne’s thought is that whatever our intention, the tendency of our tech to isolate us may be a feature, not a bug. His hypothesis is that we actually, at some level, crave (渴望) the increased isolation and we are actually making technologies to satisfy impulses that, in some way, go beyond or against our social nature. But I wonder, is this really new? Even if we are social by nature, and do everything we can to embed ourselves socially, the need to find ways to be alone is, well, nothing new. It’s also striking that the very activities that risk separating us — in the old days, books, newspapers, TV; nowadays, the latest apps also connect us. We read about each other. What we read gives us information to share with each other. I am well aware of the data that shows the more time you spend on social media, the sadder and more isolated and envious you feel of others. But how novel is the isolating effect of social media? Being there reminds me a lot of what it was like to be social in high school — you have a vivid sense of your status and your standing in relation to others, and you have to deal with that. This may be isolating, sure. But it’s the isolating face of the social lives we’ve always had. It is isolating because of the ways technology brings us into real contact with others, not because it removes that contact. I wonder whether more isolation is a real option, after all. 1.Which of the following best reflects “autonomous operation”? A.Getting a toothbrush via a hotel delivery robot. B.Teaching mom how to establish a smart home. C.Seeking help by calling human customer services. D.Having an online meeting at home with colleagues. 2.Which of the following might the author agree? A.Technology offers fresh insights into our social status. B.Actions seemingly isolating can bond people. C.Social platforms help bring people closer. D.Social media has come to define our life. 3.What would be the best title for the passage? A.What Technologies Do to Human Nature B.Do Technologies Shape Our Lives? C.How Isolation Changes with Connection D.Can We Erase Human Element? 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.D 1.推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Efficiency is the key. We purchase efficiency by limiting the human aspect, known as “autonomous operation”. This is perhaps even more pronounced with new technologies on the horizon. Take the MOOC, the teacher-less virtual classroom. As Byrn e notes, this is meant to deliver the values of a learning environment without, well, without the environment — you get to stay at home — no teacher, but also, no fellow students. (效率是关键。我们通过限制人的方面来获得效率,被称为“自主操作”。随着新技术的出现,这一点可能更加明显。以MOOC为例,即没有教师的虚拟课堂。正如伯恩所指出的,这意味着在没有环境的情况下,传递学习环境的价值——你可以呆在家里——没有老师,也没有同学)”可知,通过限制人为因素(即自主操作)来提高效率。由此推知,通过酒店送货机器人获取牙刷正好符合“自主操作”的定义,因为这一过程中没有人为的参与,完全由机器人自主完成。故选A。 2.推理判断题。由文章第六段中“Even if we are social by nature, and do everything we can to embed ourselves socially, the need to find ways to be alone is, well, nothing new. It’s also striking that the very activities that risk separating us — in the old days, books, newspapers, TV; nowadays, the latest apps — also connect us. We read about each other. What we read gives us information to share with each other. (即使我们天生具有社交性,并尽我们所能融入社会,寻找独处方式的需求也不是什么新鲜事。同样令人吃惊的是,那些有可能把我们分开的活动——在过去,书籍、报纸、电视;如今,最新的应用程序也连接着我们。我们互相了解对方。我们所读的东西给我们提供信息,让我们彼此分享)” 可推知,作者认为看似孤立的行为实际上可以让人们产生联系。故选B。 3.主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第二段“But then why are we everywhere striving to increase our isolation and limit our contact with others? As musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last month, it is a striking fact about the new technologies that have so come to shape our lives, that they have precisely this effect: they limit our need for human contact. Online shopping? Check. Automated checkout? Check. Ride hail apps? Check. (但是,为什么我们到处都在努力增加我们的孤立,限制我们与他人的接触呢?正如音乐家David Byrn在上月发表的一篇文章中所指出的那样,新技术如此塑造了我们的生活,一个令人震惊的事实是,它们恰恰具有这样的效果:它们限制了我们对人际交往的需求。)”可知,文章主语讨论了在线购物和社交媒体如何可能无意中导致人们感到孤独,但同时强调这些活动也提供了与他人建立联系的机会,反映了现代社会中人们在追求便利与社交之间的平衡。由此可知,D项“Can We Erase Human Element? (我们能抹去人类元素吗?)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 【名师点评】此试题中出现大量的派生词如:sociality, cooperatively,triving,isolation,striking, precisely, consciously,side-effect, unavoidable, toothbrush ,delivery, seemingly,erase等,这些都是解答试题的关键。 许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律,这种规律被称为构词法(word formation)。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法(Composition)和转换法(Conversion)三大类。 构词法一  派生法 在一个词的词根(root)前面或后面加上某个词缀(affix)来产生新词,这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)或词缀法(affixation)。加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix),加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。一般情况下,前缀往往改变词根的词义,不改变词根的词性;而后缀往往改变词根的词性,有些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义,因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。 1.形容词变副词的后缀 在形容词后加-ly可变成相应意义的副词 直接加-ly extreme → extremely尤其,非常 stupid → stupidly 傻地 改y为-ily happy → happily快乐地 merry → merrily 快乐地 去e加-ly true真的 → truly真地 2.形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -age short → shortage不足;短缺 -cy efficient → efficiency效率;功效 accurate → accuracy准确性 -dom free → freedom自由;自主 wise → wisdom明智;智慧 -ence different → difference差异 silent → silence沉默 -ness weak → weakness虚弱;弱点 careless → carelessness粗心大意 -th strong → strength力气;强项 wide → width宽 -y -ty -ity disable → disability无能;残疾 responsible → responsibility责任 3.动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -al approve → approval赞成;批准 arrive → arrival到来 -ance appear → appearance出现;外貌 perform → performance表演;节目 -ence exist → existence存在;生存 refer → reference参考;查阅 -ion construct → construction建设 evaluate → evaluation评估 -ation consider → consideration考虑 imagine → imagination想象力 -(s)sion discuss → discussion讨论;辩论 admit → admission接纳;准许入学 -ing hear → hearing听力;听觉begin → beginning开始 -ment argue → argument辩论;论据 equip → equipment设备 -ure fail → failure失败;没做到 press → pressure压力 -ture mix → mixture混合;混合物 depart → departure离开;出发 -y recover → recovery恢复;痊愈 discover → discovery发现 其他 vary → variety多样化;种类 tend → tendency趋向;趋势 4.表示"人"的后缀 在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示"人"的后缀有: 后缀 例词 -er village → villager村民 strange → stranger陌生人 -ar lie → liar说谎者 -ee employ → employee受雇者;雇员 interview → interviewee被面试者 -or invent → inventor发明家 educate → educator教育家;教师 -ess steward → stewardess 女乘务员 host → hostess 女主人;女主持人 -ese China → Chinese中国人 Japan → Japanese日本人 -an America → American美国人 Australia → Australian澳洲人 -ian history → historian历史学家 politics → politician政治家;政客 -ist special → specialist专家 tour → tourist旅行者;观光者 -ant participate → participant参加者 assist → assistant助手;图书管理员 5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀 后缀 例词 -able accept → acceptable可接受的 comfort → comfortable舒适的 -al person → personal个人的;私人的 nature → natural自然的;天生的 -ful hope → hopeful有希望的 peace → peaceful和平的 -ed confuse → confused感到困惑的 bore → bored感到厌倦的 -ing surprise → surprising令人惊讶的 convince → convincing令人信服的 -ible access → accessible容易到达的;容易取得的 horror → horrible可怕的;恐怖的 -ive effect → effective有效的;生效的 instruct → instructive有教育意义的 -ous anxiety → anxious忧虑的 curiosity → curious好奇的 -some tire → tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble → troublesome麻烦的 -y taste → tasty美味的;可口的 wealth → wealthy富裕的;丰富的 dirt → dirty有灰尘的;脏的 -ern east → eastern东方的;向东的 west → western西方的;向西的 -ish fool → foolish愚蠢的;可笑的 self → selfish自私的 -ic science → scientific科学的 history → historic历史上著名的 -ary imagine → imaginary想象中的 6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀 前缀 例词 dis- advantage → disadvantage缺点 comfort → discomfort不舒适 il- legal → illegal不合法的 logical → illogical不合逻辑的 im- patient → impatient不耐烦的 moral → immoral不道德的 in- formal → informal非正式的 convenient → inconvenient不方便的 ir- regular → irregular不规则的 responsible → irresponsible不负责任的 mis- lead → mislead误导 understand → misunderstand误解 un- willing → unwilling不愿意的 happy → unhappy不高兴的 后缀 例词 -less hope → hopeless绝望的 care → careless粗心的 7.变动词的前缀和后缀 前缀 例词 en- large → enlarge扩大 rich → enrich使充实;使丰富 后缀 例词 -en broad → broaden使变宽 hard → harden使变硬 -ify class → classify把……分类 beauty → beautify美化 -ize apology → apologize道歉 emphasis → emphasize强调 构词法二 转化法 在词形不变的情况下,把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性,而没有加任何词缀,这种构词方法称为转换法。转换法种类很多,但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系,但有时差异也很大。 动词 → 名词 walk → take a walk散步 swim → have a swim游泳 名词 → 动词 book n. → v.预订 milk n. → v.挤奶 形容词 → 动词 slow adj. → v.减慢 narrow adj. → v.使变窄;(差距等)缩小 形容词↔副词 hard adj.困难的↔adv.努力地 high adj.高的↔adv.高 deep adj.深的↔adv.深 wide adj.宽的↔adv.广阔地 构词法三 合成法 把两个或两个以上的词素放到一起,这种构词法称为合成法。合成词通常由两个或两个以上的自由词素构成不同词性,最常见的包括:名词合成词,形容词合成词,动词合成词。之间有的用连字符连接,有的直接连接在一起。 1.合成名词 构成方式 例词 名词+名词 weekend周末 名词+动词 daybreak黎明 名词+动名词 handwriting书法 名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药 名词+介词+名词 sister-in-law嫂子 代词+名词 she-wolf母狼,he-goat 动词+名词 typewriter打字机 动名词+名词 reading-room阅览室 现在分词+名词 flying-fish飞鱼 形容词+名词 freshman大一新生 副词+动词 outlook景色,风光 介词+名词 afterbrain后脑 2.合成形容词 构成方式 例词 名词+形容词 bloodred血红的 名词+现在分词 French-speaking讲法语的 名词+to+名词 one-to-one一对一的 名词+过去分词 man-made人造的 数词+名词 one-way单行道的 数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old三岁的 数词+名词+ed ten-storeyed十层的 动词+副词 one-off 一次性的 形容词+名词 high-quality高质量的 形容词+名词+ed noble-minded高尚的 形容词+形容词 light-green浅绿色的 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking相貌一般的 副词+形容词 ever-green常青的 副词+现在分词 hard-working辛勤的 副词+过去分词 well-known著名的 副词+名词 fast-food提供快餐的 介词+名词 indoor室内的 3.合成动词 构成方式 例词 名词+动词 sleep-walk梦游 形容词+动词 white-wash粉刷 副词+动词 overwhelm压倒,制服 4.合成副词 构成方式 例词 形容词+名词 hotfoot匆忙地 形容词+副词 everywhere到处 副词+副词 however尽管如此 介词+名词 beforehand事先 介词+副词 forever永远 5.合成代词 构成方式 例词 代词宾格+self herself 她自己,themselves 物主代词+self myself 我自己 形容词+名词 anything 一切 语法填空词形转换常考词汇表一 A 1. ability [əˈbɪlɪtɪ] n. 能力;才能 able [ˈeɪb(ə)l] a. 能够;有能力的 1. absence [ˈæbsəns] n. 不在,缺席 absent [ˈæbsənt] a. 缺席, 不在 3. academic [ækəˈdemɪk] a. / n. 学术的,教学的 academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n.专科学院,(美)私立学校 4. access [ˈækses] n. / v. 通道,入径,存取(计算机文件) accessible [əkˈsesɪb(ə)l] a. 可到达的,可接受的 5. achieve [əˈtʃiːv] vt. 达到,取得 achievement [əˈtʃiːvmənt] n. 成就,成绩,功绩 6. act [ækt] n. 法令,条例 v. (戏)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏);行动,做事 action [ˈækʃ(ə)n] n. 行动 active [ˈæktɪv] a. 积极的,主动的 activity [ækˈtɪvɪtɪ] n. 活动 7. adapt [əˈdæpt] v. 使适应,适合,改编 adaptation [ədæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 适应,改编本 8. adjust [əˈdʒʌst] v.调整,调节,适应,习惯 adjustment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] n. 调整,适应 9. admirable [ˈædmərəb(ə)l] a.值得赞赏的,可钦佩的 admire [ədˈmaɪə(r)] v. 钦佩;羡慕 admission [ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准入, 接纳 admit [ədˈmɪt] vt. 承认,准许(入场,入学,入会) 10. advertise [ˈædvətaɪz] vt. 为……做广告 advertisement [ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt] n. 广告 11.agree [əˈɡriː] v. 同意;应允 agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 同意,一致;协定,协议 12. amaze [əˈmeɪz] v. 惊奇,惊叹;震惊 amazed 感到惊讶的 amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的 be amazed at 对..感到惊讶 13.amuse [əˈmjuːz] vt. (使人)快乐,逗乐 amused 感到愉快的 amusing 令人愉快的 amusement [əˈmjuːzmənt] n. 娱乐 14. analyze/ `ænl,aɪz / v. 分析 analysis [əˈnæləsɪs] n. 分析,分析结果 15.anger [ˈæŋɡə(r)] n. 怒,愤怒 angry [ˈænɡrɪ] a. 生气的,愤怒的 16.anxiety [æŋˈzaɪətɪ] n. 担忧,焦虑 anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs] a. 忧虑的,焦急的 17.apologize [əˈpɔlədʒaɪz] vi. 道歉,谢罪 apology [əˈpɔlədʒɪ] n. 道歉;歉意 18.appear [əˈpɪə(r)] vi. 出现 appearance [əˈpɪərəns] n. 出现,露面;容貌 19. application [æplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 申请 apply [əˈplaɪ]v. 申请 20. appoint [əˈpɔɪnt] v. 任命,委任,安排 appointment [əˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 约会 appreciate [əˈpriːʃɪeɪt] v. 欣赏; 感激 appreciation [əpriːʃɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 欣赏,鉴定,评估 21.appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] a. 合适的,恰当的 approximately [əprɔksɪˈmətlɪ] ad.近似,大约 22.argue [ˈɑːɡjuː]vi. 争辩, 争论 argument [ˈɑːɡjʊmənt] n. 争论,辩论 23.arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] v. 安排,布置 arrangement [əˈreɪndʒmənt]n. 安排,布置 24.arrival [əˈraɪv(ə)l] n. 到来,到达 arrive [əˈraɪv] vi. 到达; - at 小地方,- in大地方 25.assess [əˈses] v.评价,评定(性质,质量) assessment [əˈsesmənt] n. 看法,评价 26.assist [əˈsɪst]v. 帮助,协助 assistance [əˈsɪst(ə)ns] n. 帮助,援助,支持 assistant [əˈsɪst(ə)nt] n. 助手,助理 27.associate [əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt] v. 联想,联系 association [əsəʊsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 协会,社团,联系 28.assume [əˈsjuːm; (US) əˈsuːm] v. 假定,假设 assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n. 假定,假设 29.attract [əˈtrækt] v. 吸引,引起 attraction [əˈtrækʃ(ə)n] n. 吸引,爱慕 attractive [əˈtræktɪv] a. 迷人的,有吸引力的 B 1. bad (worse, worst) [bæd] a. 坏的;有害的,严重的 badly [ˈbædlɪ] ad. 坏,恶劣地 2.bath [bɑːθ; (US) bæθ] n. 洗澡;浴室;澡盆 bathe [beɪð] vi. 洗澡;游泳 3.beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)l] a. 美,美丽,美观的 beauty [ˈbjuːtɪ] n. 美丽,美人 4. behave [bɪˈheɪv] v. 守规矩,行为 behaviour/ bɪ`heɪvjər / n. 行为,举止 5. beneficial [benɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l] a. 有利的,有帮助的,有用的 benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. / v.优势,益处,使…受益 6. bored / bɔrd / a.(对人,事)厌倦的,烦闷的 boring / `bɔrɪŋ / a. 乏味的,无聊的 7.brave [breɪv] a. 勇敢的 bravery [ˈbreɪvərɪ] n. 勇气 8.breath [breθ] n. 气息;呼吸 breathe [briːð] vi. 呼吸 breathless [ˈbreθlɪs] a. 气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的 9. build (built, built) [bɪld] v. 建筑;造 building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物;房屋;大楼 C 1.care [keə(r)] n. 照料,保护;小心v. 介意……,在乎 careful [ˈkeəfʊl] a. 小心,仔细,谨慎的 careless [ˈkeəlɪs] a. 粗心的,漫不经心的 2. caution [ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 谨慎,小心,警告 cautious [ˈkɔːʃəs] a. 小心的,谨慎的 3.celebrate [ˈselɪbreɪt] v. 庆祝 celebration [selɪˈbreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 庆祝;庆祝会 4.entre 中心 central 中心的 5. certain [ˈsɜːt(ə)n] a.确定的,无疑的;一定会…… certainly [ˈsɜːtənlɪ] ad. 当然;一定,无疑 6. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n.挑战(性) challenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] a.具有挑战性的 7.changeable [ˈtʃeɪndʒəb(ə)l] a.易变的,变化无常的 change [tʃeɪndʒ] n. 零钱;找头v. 改变,变化;更换; 8.cheer [tʃɪə(r)] n. & vi.欢呼; 喝彩 Cheer up [tʃɪə(r)-ʌp] 振作起来!提起精神! cheerful [ˈtʃɪəfʊl] a.兴高采烈的,快活的 cheers [tʃɪə(r)] int. 干杯,(口)谢谢,再见 9.chemical [ˈkemɪk(ə)l] a. 化学的 n. 化学品 chemist [ˈkemɪst] n. 药剂师;化学家 chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] n. 化学 10.child (复children) [tʃaɪld] n. 孩子,儿童 childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n. 幼年时代,童年 11.civil [ˈsɪv(ə)l] a. 国内的;平民(非军人)的;民用的 civilian [sɪˈvɪlɪən] n. 平民,老百姓 civilization [sɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n; n. 文明 12.clean [kliːn] vt. 弄干净,擦干净 a. 清洁的,干净的 cleaner [kliːnə(r)] n.清洁工.,清洁器.,清洁剂 13.clear [klɪə(r)] a. 清晰;明亮的;清楚的 clearly [ˈklɪəlɪ] ad. 清楚地,无疑地 14.cloud [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] n. 云;云状物;阴影 cloudy [ˈklaʊdɪ] a. 多云的,阴天的 15.comfort [ˈkʌmfət] n. 安慰; 慰问 comfortable [ˈkʌmfətəb(ə)l; (US) ˈkʌmfərtəbl] a. 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的 16.commit [kəˈmɪt] v.犯(罪,错),自杀 commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺,允诺,承担 17.communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] v. 交际;传达(感情,信息等) communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n.交际,通讯 18.compete [kəmˈpiːt] vi. 比赛,竞赛 competence [ˈkɔmpətəns] n.能力,胜任,管辖权 competition [kɔmpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n] n. 比赛,竞赛 competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə(r)] n. 竞赛者,比赛者 19.conclude [kənˈkluːd] v. 完成,结束 conclusion [kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n] n. 结论;结束 20.consider [kənˈsɪdə(r)] vt. 考虑 considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] a. 体贴的 consideration [kənsɪdəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 考虑;关心 21.convenience n. convenient adj. 方便的 22.construct [kənˈstrʌkt] v. 构筑;建造,建设 construction [kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n.建造,建设,建筑物 D 1.danger [ˈdeɪndʒə(r)] n. 危险 dangerous [ˈdeɪndʒərəs] a. 危险的 2.dark [dɑːk] n. 黑暗;暗处;日暮 a. 黑暗的;深色的 darkness [ˈdɑːknɪs] n. 黑暗,阴暗 3.die [daɪ] v. 死 dead 死的,无生命的 death [deθ] n. 死 4.decide [dɪˈsaɪd] v. 决定;下决心 decision [dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n] n. 决定;决心 5.deep [diːp] a. 深 ad. 深;深厚 deeply [ˈdiːplɪ] ad. 深深地 depth [depθ] n. 深,深度 66.delight [dɪˈlaɪt] n. 快乐;乐事 delighted [di'laitid] a. 高兴的,快乐的 7.develop [dɪˈveləp] v. (使)发展;(使)发达;(使)发育;开发 vt. 冲洗(照片) development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 发展,发达,发育, 8.devote [dɪˈvəʊt] vt. 把…奉献, 把…专用(于) devotion [dɪˈvəʊʃ(ə)n] n. 奉献,奉献精神 9.differ [ˈdɪfə(r)] v. 相异,有区别 difference [ˈdɪfrəns] n. 不同 different [ˈdɪfrənt] a. 不同的,有差异的 10.difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] a.难;艰难;不易相处 difficulty [ˈdɪfɪkəltɪ] n. 困难,费力 11.disagree [dɪsəˈɡriː] vi. 意见不一致,持不同意见 disagreement [dɪsəˈɡriːmənt] n. 意见不一致;争论 12.disappoint [dɪsəˈpɔɪnt]vt. 使失望 be disappointed at 感到失望的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointment [dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 失望;沮丧 13.discover [dɪˈskʌvə(r)] vt. 发现 discovery [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] n. 发现 14.discuss [dɪsˈkʌs] vt. 讨论,议论 discussion [dɪsˈkʌʃ(ə)n] n. 讨论,辩论 15.distance [ˈdɪstəns] n. 距离 distant [ˈdɪst(ə)nt] a. 远的,遥远的 E 1.easy [ˈiːzɪ] a. 容易的,不费力的 easily [ˈiːzɪlɪ] ad. 容易地 2.east [iːst]a. 东方;东部的;朝东的; ad. 在东方; eastern [ˈiːst(ə)n] a. 东方的;东部的 3.educate [ˈedjʊkeɪt] vt. 教育,培养 educator ['edju:keitə(r)] n. 教育家 education [edjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 教育,培养 4.engine [ˈendʒɪn] n. 发动机,引擎 engineer [endʒɪˈnɪə(r)] n. 工程师;技师 5.enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] vt.欣赏;享受乐趣;喜欢 enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəb(ə)l]a. 愉快的;有趣的 6.equal [ˈiːkw(ə)l] a.平等的 vt.等于,使等于 equality [iːˈkwɔlətɪ] n. 平等 82.equip [ɪˈkwɪp] vt. 提供设备;装备;配备 equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n. 装备,设备 7.exact [ɪɡˈzækt] a. 精确的;确切的 exactly [ex'act·ly] ad. 精确地;确切地 8.exist [ɪg'zɪst] vi. 存在 existence [ɪɡˈzɪst(ə)ns] n.存在;生存;存在物 9.explain [ɪksˈpleɪn] vt. 解释,说明 explanation [ekspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 解释,说明 10.express [ɪkˈspres] vt. 表达;表情 n. 快车,特快专递 expression [ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n]n. 表达;词句;表情 11.extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] a. 极其的,非常的 extremely [ɪkˈstriːmlɪ] ad. 极其,非常 F 1.fail [feɪl] v. 失败;不及格;衰退 failure [ˈfeɪljə(r)] n. 失败 2.fair [feə(r)] a. 公平的,合理的 a. (肤色)白皙的; (人)白肤金发的 n. 集市;庙会;展览会 fairly [ˈfeəlɪ] ad. 公正地,正当地;相当(程度)地 fairness ['fɛənis] n. 公平;公正 3.firm [fɜːm] n.公司;企业 a.坚固的,坚定的 firmly [ˈfɜːmlɪ] ad. 牢牢地 4.fluency ['fluənsi] n.(外语)流利,流畅 fluent [ˈfluːənt] a. (外语)流利的,流畅 5.fool [fuːl] n. 傻子,蠢人 foolish [ˈfuːlɪʃ] a. 愚蠢的,傻的 6.foreign [ˈfɔrən; (US) ˈfɔːrɪn] a. 外国的 foreigner [ˈfɔrənə(r)] n. 外国人 7.forget [fəˈrevə(r)] (forgot, forgotten) v. 忘记;忘掉 forgetful [fəˈɡetfʊl] a. 健忘的,不留心的 8.fortunate [ˈfɔːtʃənət] a. 幸运的; 侥幸的 fortune [ˈfɔːtjuːn, ˈfɔːtʃuːn] n. 财产;运气 9.free [friː] a. 自由,空闲的;免费的 freedom [ˈfriːdəm] n. 自由 10.friend [frend] n. 朋友 friendly [ˈfrendlɪ] a. 友好的 friendship [ˈfrendʃɪp] n. 友谊,友情 G 1.gift [ɡɪft] n. 赠品;礼物 gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] a. 有天赋的;有才华的 2.grow (grew, grown) [ɡrəʊ] v. 生长;发育;种植;变成 growth [ɡrəʊθ] n. 生长,增长 3. guidance [ˈɡaɪdəns] n. 引导,指导 guide [ɡaɪd] n. 向导,导游者 H 1. happy [ˈhæpɪ] a.幸福;快乐的,高兴的 happily ['hæpɪlɪ] ad. 幸福地,快乐地 happiness [ˈhæpɪnɪs] n. 幸福,愉快 2. hard [hɑːd] ad. 努力地;使劲;猛烈地 a.硬的;困难的;艰难的 hardly [ˈhɑːdlɪ] ad. 几乎不 hardship [ˈhɑːdʃɪp] n. 困难 3. harm [hɑːm] n.&v. 伤害;损伤 harmful [ˈhɑːmfʊl] a.有害的;致伤的 harmless [ˈhɑːmlɪs] a. 无害的;不致伤的 4. health [helθ] n. 健康,卫生 healthy [ˈhelθɪ] a. 健康的,健壮的 5.heavy [ˈhevɪ] a. 重的 heavily [ˈhevɪlɪ] ad. 重地,大量地 6.help [help] n. & vt. 帮助,帮忙 helpful [ˈhelpfʊl] a. 有帮助的,有益的 7.hope [həʊp] n.& v. 希望 hopeful [ˈhəʊpfʊl] a. 有希望的;有前途的 hopeless a.没有希望,不可救药的 8.humorous [ˈhjuːmərəs] a. 富于幽默的 humour (美humor) ['hju:mə] n.幽默,幽默感 9. hunger [ˈhʌŋɡə(r)] n. 饥饿 hungry [ˈhʌŋɡrɪ] a. (饥)饿的 I 1. ill [ɪl] a. 有病的;不健康的 illness [ˈɪlnɪs] n. 疾病 1. importance [ɪmˈpɔːt(ə)ns] n. 重要性 important [ɪmˈpɔːtənt] a. 重要的 3. imagine vt. 想象 imaginary adj. 想象的 imagination n. 想象 4. impossible [ɪmˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 不可能的 possible 可能的 5. impress [ɪmˈpres] vt. 留下极深的印象 impression [ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n] n. 印象,感觉 6. improve 改善,提高 improvement 7.independent 独立的 independence 8. instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] vt. 通知;指示;教 instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 说明,须知;教导 9. interest [ˈɪntrəst] n. 兴趣,趣味;利息 interesting [ˈɪntrətɪŋ] a. 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 10. intelligence 智力,intelligent 聪明的 11. introduce [ɪntrəˈdjuːs; (US) -duːs] vt. 介绍 introduction [ɪntrəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 引进,介绍 12. invent [ɪnˈvent] vt. 发明,创造 invention [ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n] n. 发明,创造 13. invitation [ɪnvɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 邀请,请帖 invite [ɪnˈvaɪt] vt. 邀请,招待 J 1. judge [dʒʌdʒ] n. 裁判;审判员;法官vt. 判断,断定 judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt] n. 裁判 2. juice [dʒuːs] n. 汁、液 juicy [dʒuːsɪ] a. 多汁的;水分多的 K 1. kind [kaɪnd] n. 种;类 a. 善良,友好的 kindness [ˈkaɪndnɪs] n. 仁慈;善良 L 1. last [lɑːst; (US) læst] a.最近刚过去;最后的ad.最近刚过去;最后地 n.最后v.持续 late [leɪt] a.晚的,迟的ad.晚地,迟地 lately [ˈleɪtlɪ] ad. 最近,不久前 later [ˈleɪtə(r)] a. 晚些的,迟些的 latest [ˈleɪtɪst] a.最近,最新的;最晚的 latter [ˈlætə(r)] n.(两者之中的)后者 2.lazy 懒惰的 lazily 懒惰地 laziness n. 懒惰 3. laugh [lɑːf] n.& v. 笑,大笑;嘲笑 laughter [ˈlɑːftə(r); (US) ˈlæftər] n. 笑; 笑声 4. learn (learnt, learnt;--ed --ed) [lɜːn] vt. 学,学习,学会 learned [ˈlɜːnɪd] a. 有才华的;博学的 5. live [lɪv] vi. 生活;居住;活着 a. 活的,活着的;实况,现场(直播)的 lively [ˈlaɪvlɪ] a. 活泼的;充满生气的 living [ˈlɪvɪŋ] a. 活着的 n. 生计 6. legal 合法的 illegal 违法的 7. loud [laʊd] a. 大声的 loudly [laʊdlɪ] ad. 大声地 8. love [lʌv] n.& vt. 爱;热爱;很喜欢 lovely [ˈlʌvlɪ] a. 美好的,可爱的 9. luck [lʌk] n. 运气,好运 lucky [ˈlʌkɪ] a. 运气好,侥幸 M 1. marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ] n. 结婚,婚姻 married [ˈmærɪd] a. 已婚的 marry [ˈmærɪ] v.(使)成婚,结婚 2. memory [ˈmemərɪ] n. 回忆,记忆 memorize [ˈmeməraɪz] v. 记忆 3.mental [ˈment(ə)l] a. 精神的;脑力的 mentally [ˈmentəlɪ] ad. 精神上;智力上 4.merciful [ˈmɜːsɪfʊl] a. 仁慈的;宽大的 mercy [ˈmɜːsɪ] n. 怜悯 5.mess [mes] n. 凌乱 messy [ˈmesɪ] a. 乱七八糟的 6. mistake (mistook, mistaken) [mɪsˈteɪk] n. 错误 vt. 弄错 mistaken [mɪsˈteɪkən] a. 错误的 7. mix [mɪks] v. 混合,搅拌 mixture [ˈmɪkstʃə(r)] n. 混合物 8. move [muːv] v. 移动,搬动,搬家 movement [ˈmuːvmənt] n. 运动,活动 9. modern 现代的 modernize vt.使现代化 modernization 现代化 N 1. nature [ˈneɪtʃə(r)] n. 自然, 性质,种类 natural [ˈnætʃər(ə)l] a. 自然的 2. nation 国家 national 国家的 nationality 国籍 3. near [nɪə(r)] a. 近的 ad. 附近,邻近 prep. 在……附近,靠近 nearby [ˈnɪəbaɪ] a. 附近的 nearly [ˈnɪəlɪ] ad. 将近,几乎 4. necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地 necessity n. 必需品 5. nine [naɪn] num. 九 ninth [naɪnθ] num. 第九 6. noise [nɔɪz] n. 声音,噪声,喧闹声 noisily ['nɔɪzɪlɪ] ad. 喧闹地 noisy [ˈnɔɪzɪ] a. 喧闹的,嘈杂的 7. normal [ˈnɔːm(ə)l] n.& a. 正常的(状态) abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地 8. north [nɔːθ] a.北的;朝北的;从北来的 ad.向(在,从)北方 n.北;北方;北部 northern [ˈnɔːð(ə)n] a. 北方的,北部的 northwards [ˈnɔːθwədz] ad. 向北 9. novel [ˈnɔv(ə)l] n. (长篇)小说 novelist [ˈnɔvəlɪst] n. 小说家 10. nurse [nɜːs] n. 护士;保育员 nursery [ˈnɜːsərɪ] n. 托儿所 nursing [nɜːsɪŋ] n.(职业性的)保育,护理 O 1. operate[ˈɔpəreɪt] v. 做手术,运转;实施,负责, 经营,管理 operation [ɔpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 手术,操作 operator [ˈɔpəreɪtə(r)] n. 接线员 2. oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt. 反对;反抗 opposite [ˈɔpəzɪt] n. 相反,对面 a. 相反的,对面的 3. organize ['ɔ:gənaiz] vt. 组织 organiser (organizer) ['ɔ:gənaizə] n. 组织者 organization [ɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n]n. 组织,机构 P 1. pain [peɪn] n. 疼痛,疼 painful [ˈpeɪnfʊl] a. 使痛的,使痛苦的 paint [peɪnt] n.油漆 vt.油漆,粉刷,绘画 painter [ˈpeɪntə(r)] n. 绘画者,(油)画家 painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ] n. 油画,水彩画 2. part [pɑːt] n. 部分;成分 partly [ˈpɑːtlɪ] ad.部分地,在一定程度上 3. patience n. 容忍;耐心 patient [ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt] n. 病人,耐心的 4. peace [piːs] n. 和平 peaceful [ˈpiːsfʊl] a. 和平的,安宁的 5. perform [pəˈfɔːm] v. 表演,履行;行动 performance [pəˈfɔːm] n. 演出,表演 performer [pəˈfɔːmə(r)] n. 表演者,执行者 6. person [ˈpɜːs(ə)n] n. 人 personal [ˈpɜːsən(ə)l] a. 个人的,私人的 personnel [pɜːsəˈnel] n. 全体人员,职员 personally [ˈpɜːsənəlɪ] ad. 就自己而言 7.physical [ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l] a. 身体的;物理的 physician [fɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n] n.(有行医执照的)医生 8. physicist [ˈfɪzɪsɪst] n. 物理学家 physics [ˈfɪzɪks] n. 物理(学) 9. pleasant [ˈplezənt] a. 令人愉快的,舒适的 please [pliːz] v. 请,使人高兴,使人满意 pleased [pliːzd] a. 高兴的 pleasure [pliːzd] n. 高兴,愉快 10. poem [ˈpəʊɪm] n. 诗 poet [ˈpəʊɪt] n. 诗人 11. poison [ˈpɔɪz(ə)n] n. 毒药 poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs] a. 有毒的,致命的 12. pollute [pəˈluːt] vt. 污染 pollution [pəˈluːʃ(ə)n] n. 污染 13. possess [pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] vt. 占有;拥有 possession [pəˈzeʃ(ə)n] n. 所有,拥有;财产,所有物 14. possibility [pɔsɪˈbɪlɪtɪ] vn. 可能,可能性 possible [ˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 可能的 15. power [ˈpaʊdə(r)] n. 力,动力,电力 powerful [ˈpaʊəfʊl] a. 效力大的,强有力的,强大的 16. practical [ˈpræktɪk(ə)l] a. 实际的,适用的 practice(s)e [ˈpræktɪs] n. 练习 17. prefer [prɪˈfɜː(r)] vt.宁愿(选择),更喜欢 preference [ˈprefərəns] n. 选择,趋向 18. preparation [prepəˈreɪʃ(ə)n] n. 准备 prepare [prɪˈpeə(r)] vt. 准备,预备,调制,配制 19.press [ˈprezɪdənt] vt.压,按 n.新闻界,出版社 pressure [ˈpreʃə(r)] n. 压迫,压力,压强 20. probable [ˈprɔbəb(ə)l] a.很可能,很有希望的 probably [ˈprɔbəb(ə)lɪ] ad. 很可能,大概 21. produce [prəˈdjuːs; (US) -ˈduːs] vt. 生产;制造 product [ˈprɔdʌkt] n. 产品,制品 production [prəˈdʌkʃ(ə)n] n. 生产;制造 22. pronounce [prəˈnaʊns] vt. 发音 pronunciation [prənʌnsɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 发音 23. proper [ˈprɔpə(r)] a. 恰当的,合适的 properly [ˈprɔpəlɪ] ad. 适当地 24. protect [prəˈtekt] vt. 保护 protection [prəˈtekʃ(ə)n] n. 保护 25. proud [praʊd] a. 自豪的;骄傲的 pride [praɪd] n. 自豪,骄傲 26. puzzle [ˈpʌz(ə)l] n. 难题,(字、画)谜 puzzled [ˈpʌz(ə)l] a. 迷惑的,困惑的 R 1. rain [reɪn] n. 雨,雨水 vi. 下雨 rainy [ˈreɪnɪ] a. 下雨的;多雨的 2. real [riːl] a. 真实的,确实的 reality [rɪˈælɪtɪ] n. 现实 realise (美realize) [ˈrɪəlaɪz] vt.认识到,实现 really v [ˈrɪəlɪ] ad. 真正地;到底;确实 3. reason [ˈriːz(ə)n] vi.评理,劝说n.理由,原因 reasonable [ˈriːzənəb(ə)l] a. 合乎情理的 4. refusal [rɪˈfjuːz(ə)l] n. 拒绝 refuse [rɪˈfjuːz] vi. 拒绝,不愿 5. relate [rɪˈleɪt] vi. 有关; 涉及 relation [rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 关系; 亲属 relationship [rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp] n. 关系 relative [ˈrelətɪv] n. 亲属,亲戚 6. rely [rɪˈlaɪ] v. 依赖,依靠 reliable [rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l] a. 可信赖的,可依靠的 7. religion [rɪˈlɪdʒən] n. 宗教 religious [rɪˈlɪdʒəs] a. 宗教的 8. require [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] vt. 需求;要求 requirement [rɪˈkwaɪəmənt] n. 需要; 要求; 必要的条件 9. reservation [rezəˈveɪʃ(ə)n] n. 预定 reserve [rɪˈzɜːv] n. & v. 储备;预定 S 1.sad [sæd] a. (使人)悲伤的 sadness [ˈsædnɪs] n. 悲哀,忧伤 2. safe [seɪf] a. 安全的 n. 保险柜 safety [ˈseɪftɪ] n. 安全,保险 3. sail [seɪl] n. 航行 v. 航行,开航 sailing [ˈseɪlɪŋ] n. 航海 sailor [ˈseɪlə(r)] n. 水手,海员 4. salt [sɔːlt, sɔlt] n. 盐 salty [ˈsɔːltɪ, ˈsɔltɪ] a. 盐的,咸的,含盐的 5. scene [sɪːn] n. (戏剧、电影等的)一场,场景,布景 scenery [ˈsiːnərɪ] n. 风景,景色,风光 6.science [ˈsaɪəns] n. 科学,自然科学 scientific [saɪənˈtɪfɪk] a. 科学的 scientist [ˈsaɪəntɪst] n. 科学家 7. secure [sɪˈkjʊə(r)] a.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的 security [sɪˈkjʊərɪtɪ] n. 安全,平安 8. serve [sɜːv] vt. 招待(顾客等),服务 service [ˈsɜːvɪs] n. 服务 9. settle [ˈset(ə)l] vi. 安家,定居 settlement [ˈsetəlmənt] n. 新拓居地;(美)部落,村落 settler [ˈsetlə(r)] n. 移居者,开拓者 10.sick [sɪk] a.有病,患病的,(想)呕吐 sickness [ˈsɪknɪs] n. 疾病 11. silence[ˈsaɪləns] n. 安静,沉默 silentˈsaɪlənt] a. 无声的,无对话的 12. simple[ˈsɪmp(ə)l] a. 简单的,简易的 simplify[ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ] v. 使简化,使简易 simply [ˈsɪmplɪ] ad.简单地,(加强语气)的确 13. skill [skiː] n. 技能,技巧 skilled [skiː] a. 熟练的;有技能的 skillful [ˈskɪlf(ə)l]a. 熟练,精湛的,灵巧的 skillfully ['skilfuli] ad. 精湛地,巧妙地 14. sleep [sliːp]n. 睡觉 sleep (slept, slept) [sliːp] vi. 睡觉 sleepy [sliːp]a. 想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的 15.smell (smelt, smelt 或-ed,-ed) [smel] v. 嗅,闻到;发气味 n. 气味 smelly [ˈsmelɪ] a. 有臭味的,发出臭味的 16.smoke [smaɪl] n. 烟 v. 冒烟;吸烟 smoker [ˈsməʊkə(r)] n. 吸烟者 smoking [ˈsməʊkɪŋ]n. 吸烟,抽烟;冒烟 17.snow [snəʊ] n. 雪 vi.下雪 snowy [ˈsnəʊɪ] a. 雪(白)的;下雪的;多(积)雪的 18.social [ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l]a. 社会的;社交的 socialism [ˈsəʊʃəlɪz(ə)m] n. 社会主义 socialist [ˈsəʊʃəlɪst] a. 社会主义的 society [səˈsaɪətɪ]n. 社会 19.spirit [ˈspɪrɪt]n. 精神 spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtʃʊəl]a. 精神的; 心灵的 20. strength [streŋθ] n. 力量,力气 strengthen [ˈstreŋθ(ə)n] vt. 加强,增强 strong [strɔŋ; (US) strɔːɡ] a. 强(壮)的;坚固的;强烈的;坚强的 21. succeed [səkˈsiːd] vi. 成功 success [səkˈses] n. 成功 successful [səkˈsesfʊl] a. 成功的,有成就的 22. suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)] vi. 受苦,遭受 suffering [ˈsʌfərɪŋ] n. 痛苦,苦难 23. suggest [səˈdʒest; (US) səɡˈdʒest] vt. 建议,提议 suggestion [səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n] n. 建议 24. sun [sʌn] n. 太阳,阳光 sunny [ˈsʌnɪ] a. 晴朗的;阳光充足的 25. surround [səˈraʊnd]vt. 围绕;包围 surrounding [səˈraʊndɪŋ] a. 周围的 26. survival [səˈvaɪv(ə)l] n. 存活,幸存 survive [səˈvaɪv] v.生存,存活,幸免于难 T 1. technical [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] a. 技术的,工艺的 technique [ˈteknɪk(ə)l] n. 技术;技巧,方法 technology [tekˈnɔlədʒɪ] n. 技术 2. thank [θæŋk] vt. 感谢,致谢,道谢 n. (复)感谢,谢意 thankful [ˈθæŋkfʊl] a. 感谢的,感激的 3. theoretical [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] a. 理论的 theory [θɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] n. 理论 4. thirst [θɜːd] n. 渴; 口渴 thirsty [ˈθɜːstɪ] a. 渴 5. tire [ˈtaɪə(r)] vi. 使疲劳 tired [ˈtaɪəd] a. 疲劳的,累的 tiresome a. 令人厌倦的 6. total [ˈtəʊt(ə)l] a. 总数的;总括的;完全的,全然的 n.合计,总计 v.合计为 totally [ˈtɔt(ə)lɪ] ad. 总合地,完全地 7. tour [tʊə(r)] n. 参观, 观光, 旅行 tourism [ˈtʊərɪz(ə)m] n. 旅游业;观光 tourist [ˈtʊərɪst] vn. 旅行者,观光者 8. tradition [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] n. 传统,风俗 traditional [trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n] a. 传统的,风俗的 9. train [treɪn] n. 火车 v. 培训,训练 trainer [treɪˈnə(r)] n. 训练人;教练 training [ˈtreɪnɪŋ] n. 培训 10. translate [trænsˈleɪt] vt. 翻译 translation [trænsˈleɪʃ(ə)n] n. 翻译;译文 translator [træns'leitə] n. 翻译家,译者 11. travel [ˈtræv(ə)l] n.& vi.旅行 traveler [ˈtrævələ(r)] n. 旅行者 12. treat [triːt] vt. 对待,看待 treatment [ˈtriːtmənt] n. 治疗,疗法 13. trouble [ˈtrʌb(ə)l] vt. 使苦恼,使忧虑,使麻烦 n.问题,疾病,烦恼,麻烦 troublesome [ˈtrʌb(ə)lsəm] a.令人烦恼, 讨厌 14. true [truː] a. 真的,真实的;忠诚的 truly [ˈtruːlɪ] ad. 真正地,真实地 truth [truːθ] n. 真理,事实,真相,实际 15. type [ˈtaɪp] vt. 打字 typist [ˈtaɪpɪst] n. 打字员 U-V 1.unfortunate [ʌnˈfəʊld] a. 不幸的 unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnətlɪ] ad. 不幸地 2. use [juːz] n.& vt.利用,使用,应用 useful [ˈjuːsfʊl] a. 有用的,有益的 useless [ˈjuːslɪs] a. 无用的 user [ˈjuːzə] n. 使用者;用户 3. usual [ˈjuːʒʊəl] a. 通常的,平常的 usually [ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ] ad. 通常,经常 4. valuable [ˈvæljʊəb(ə)l] a. 值钱的,贵重的 value [ˈvæljuː] n. 价值,益处 V-W 1.variety [vəˈraɪətɪ] n. 种种,种类 various [ˈveərɪəs] a. 各种各样的,不同的 2. violence [ˈvaɪələns] n. 暴力行为 violent [ˈvaɪələnt] a. 暴力的 3. violin [vaɪəˈlɪn] n. 小提琴 violinist [vaɪəˈlɪnɪst] n. 提琴家,提琴手 4. visit [ˈviːzə] n.& vt. 参观,访问,拜访 visitor [ˈvɪzɪtə(r)] n. 访问者,参观者 5. wait [weɪt] vi. 等,等候 waiter [ˈweɪtə(r)] n. (餐厅)男服务员 waitress [tres] n. 女服务员 6. warm [wɔːm] a. 暖和的,温暖的;热情的 warmth [wɔːmθ] n. 暖和,温暖 7. weak [wiːk] a. 差的,弱的,淡的 weakness [ˈwiːknɪs] n. 软弱 8. wealth [welθ] n. 财产,财富 wealthy [ˈwelθɪ] a. 富的 9. week [wiːk] n. 星期,周 weekday [ˈwiːkdeɪ] n. 平日 weekend [wiːkˈend, ˈwiːkend] n. 周末 weekly [ˈwiːklɪ] a. 每周的 10. weigh [weɪ] vt. 称…的重量,重(若干) weight [weɪt] n. 重,重量 11. wind [wɪnd] n. 风 windy [ˈwɪndɪ] a. 有风的,多风的 12. wisdom [ˈwɪzdəm] n. 智慧 wise [waɪz] a. 聪明,英明的,有见识的 13. wonder [ˈwʌndə(r)] v. 对…疑惑,感到惊奇,想知道 n. 惊讶,惊叹;奇迹 wonderful [ˈwʌndəfʊl] a. 美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了 14. wood [ˈwʌndəfʊl] n.木头,木材,(复)树木,森林 wooden [ˈwʊd(ə)n] a. 木制的 15. woo [wʊl] l n. 羊毛,羊绒 woollen ['wulin] a. 羊毛的,羊毛制的 16. work [wɜːk] n. 工作,劳动,事情 vi. 工作;(机器、器官等)运转,活动 workday ['wə:kdei] n. 工作日 worker [ˈwɜːkə(r)] n. 工人;工作者 workforce ['wə:kfɔ:s] n. 劳动力 workmate ['wə:kfɔ:s] n. 同事;工友 workplace [wɜːkpleɪs] n.工作场所,车间 works [wɜːks] n. 著作,作品 17. worried ['wɜrɪd /'wʌ-] a. 担心的,烦恼的 worry [ˈwʌrɪ] n.& v.烦恼,担忧,发怒,困扰 18. worth [wɜːθ] a. 有…的价值,值得…的 worthless [ˈwɜːθlɪs] a.没有价值,没有用的 worthwhile [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a. 值得做的 worthy [wɜːθˈwaɪl] a. 值得的 语法填空常考词汇表二 1. -able是形容词后缀, 表示“能……的, 可……的; 具有……” movable   可移动的 believable 可相信的 enjoyable 令人愉快的 changeable 易变的 favourable    adj. 赞同的 respectable adj. 可敬的 adaptable adj. 可适应的 deniable adj. 可否认的 reasonable adj. 合理的 2.表示程度 -ly的副词 entirely    adv. 完全地, 全部地 completely adv. 完全地, 十分地. extremely adv. 非常, 极其 totally adv. 完全 perfectly完美地 3. -ship表示状态; 性质; 品质; 地位; 职位 scholarship 奖学金  friendship 友谊 leadership 领导地位 relationship 关系 hardship 苦难 membership 成员资格 professorship 教授职位 membership 全体成员 ownership 所有权 4. -ing/-ed”结尾的形容词聚焦 shocking令人震惊的 shocked感到震惊的 frightening令人恐惧的 frightened受惊的 terrifying令人害怕的 terrified感到害怕的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的 surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的 5. 后缀-al加在动词或名词后面构成形容词或名词, 表示“事物的动作, 过程” original     原来的, 起初 traditional 传统的 personal 个人的 occasional 偶尔; 有时候 emotional 情感的 nutritional adj. 营养(物)的 refusal n. 拒绝, 回绝; 谢绝 arrival n. 到来; 到达; 到达者 survival n. 幸存(者); 继续生存 approval n. 赞成, 赞同, 赞许; 批准 practical   实践的 essential 不可或缺的 mental 精神的 vital 重要的 electrical 与电有关的 physical 身体的 6. 后缀-ing在动词后构成形容词, “令人……的” frightening    吓人的; 可怕的 exciting 令人兴奋的; 令人激动的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 moving 令人感动的 astonishing 令人震惊的 7. 形容词变为名词将词尾的-t变成-ce的单词 dependent adj. 依靠的→dependence n. 依靠 existent adj. 存在的→existence n. 存在 important adj. 重要的→importance n. 重要性 patient adj. 有耐心的→patience n. 耐心 convenient adj. 方便的→convenience n. 方便 independent adj. 独立的→independence absent adj. 缺席的, 缺少的→absence significant adj. 重大的; 有意义的→significance brilliant adj.灿烂的; 杰出的→brilliance 8. 动词+ing→形容词 embarrass vt.→embarrassing adj. 让人难堪的 disappoint vt.→disappointing adj. 令人失望的 excite vt.→exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 interest vt.→interesting adj. 有趣的 frighten v.→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 warn vt →warning adj. 警告的; 告诫的 move vt→moving adj. 令人感动的 touch vt→touching adj. 动人的; 令人感伤的 dare vt→daring adj. 勇敢的; 大胆的; 蛮横的 interest vt→interesting adj. 有趣味的 surprise vt→surprising adj. 惊人的; 奇异的; 意外的 9.后缀-ion, -sion, -tion加在动词后面, 表示“行为的过程, 结果, 状况” indication n. 表明 hesitation n. 犹豫 graduation n. 毕业 translation n. 翻译 accommodation n. 住宿 prohibition    n. 禁止; 阻止; 禁令 action n. 行动, 作用 conclusion n. 结论; 推论; 最后的决定 construction n. 建设; 建筑 expression n. 表达; 词句; 表情 position    位置 action 行动; 行为 invention 发明 collection 收藏; 收藏品 instruction 指示; 说明 -sion 名词后缀 extension   延长, 扩展 profession 职业 decision 决定 conclusion 结论 expansion 扩张 10. 后缀-ment加在动词后面构成名词, 表示“行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果” commitment n. 承诺; 交托 treatment n. 对待; 治疗 movement n. 运动; 移动 judgment n. 审判; 判决 punishment n. 罚, 处罚; 刑罚 11. 以-ness结尾的名词 ill→illness     疾病 kind→kindness 仁慈; 好意 soft→ softness 柔软 dark→ darkness 黑暗 happy→happiness 幸福; 快乐 12. 以“-ify”结尾的动词荟萃 简化 simplify 美化 beautify 净化 purify 鉴定; 识别出 identify 分类 classify 使恐惧 horrify 13. 以-ial结尾的形容词 influential有影响力的 artificial人工的 official官方的 beneficial有益的 social社会的 essential至关重要的 facial面部的 potential潜在的 special特殊的 racial种族的 14. 后缀-ern构成的方位形容词 eastern  东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的 western 西方的; 西部的; 来自西方的 southern 南方的; 南部的; 来自南方的 northern 北方的; 北部的; 来自北方的 northwestern 西北方的; 来自西北的 southeastern 东南方的; 来自东南的 15. un-常用于形容词前构成反义词 un+believable→unbelievable   难以置信的 un+happy→unhappy 不幸福的 un+kind→unkind 不友善的 un+fit→unfit 不健康的 un+comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒适的 16. “n. +后缀-y”构成形容词 foggy   有浓雾的 healthy 健康的 noisy 嘈杂的 tasty 美味的 smelly 有味的 1.The ____ (fly) was cancelled as a result of the terrible weather. 2.His ____ (careless) resulted in his failure in the math contest. 3.And day after day, the once beautiful river has turned into a _________(smell) dustbin. 4.Since then, there has been no _________(office) communication with the kidnappers(绑架者). 5.It was ________(extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine. 6.Your ideas are very interesting, but we need ________(practice) suggestions to get us out of trouble. 7.Men and women have to sit in separate areas-----the men with the bridegroom, and the women with the bride, at wedding_________(receive). 8.A ________(retire) engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years. 9.He found he could no longer deal with his _______ (demand) job. 10.I must make an _____(apologize) to him for not going to his party. 11.Some media _________ the conflict was under control, but there has still been no official _________ . (confirm) 12._________, I thought I could adapt to the climate there.(initial) 13.Even if you _________ once again,it doesn't suggest that you are a _________. (fail) 14.Kara's phone has been ringing _____. We are really bored with the _____. (frequent) 15.Due to a small fire, the office will be closed _____, but it will be open very soon. (temporary) 16.When food had been _____ to the villagers, they complained that its _____ was not fair. (distribute) 17.Seeing the cat killed in the _____, the little girl trembled _____. (violent) 18.The great _________ united the small states into a powerful _________. (empire) 19.Her face was covered with _________, which made it look rather _________ than usual. (dirty) 20.Though with _________ feet, the girl _________ felt a bit cold. (bare) 21.The pretty girl looked _________, and no one could match with her _________. (elegant) 22.He _________ the skills required for the job, so we didn't admit him into our group due to _________ of interest. (lack) 23.My daughter _________ described what she had heard and seen in the wildlife zoo. (vivid) 24.My boss _____ me to work overtime every day, and I had an _____ to hit him. (urge) 25.They are discussing how to build up a (power) government. 26.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _____(wonder). 27.__________(compare) with letters, e-mails are more convenient in communication nowadays. 28.Children are allowed much more __________(free) these days. 29.They fought a long battle against prejudice and __________(ignorant). 30.South Africa has submitted an __________(apply) to host the World Cup. 31.He took a very __________(science) approach to management. 32.We moved into a cabin with _________(electric) hut no running water. 33.He remained the most popular _________(politic) in Arkansas. 34.The buildings have been designed to blend in with their _________(surround). 35.The author's __________(intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end. 36.His only chance of __________(survive)was a heart transplant. 37.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of _________(entertain). 38.Join us to taste a _________(various) of fresh local food and drinks. 39.Since most students are in need of a nap, proper ________(arrange) should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole morning's hard work. 40.They believe the civilisation of a city can be judged by people's ________(aware) of animal protection. 41.While I have only listed two of each, there are ________(obvious) many other situations that can arise. 42.The people in the hall seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with _________(curious). 43.There are energy savings to be made from all __________(recycle) materials, sometimes huge savings. 44.Operators said the dark spot is about two times the ________(long) of the United States. 45.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were __________(poison), she would not have picked them for dinner. 46.Both locally and _______(global) , the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. 47.However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the ________(extinct) of this precious species. 48.There are many ways to increase ________(agriculture) efficiency in the poorer areas of the world. 49.The ________(disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. 50.The title will be __________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 51.This kind of soil is not (suit) for growing peanuts. 52.It is essential to get good _________(profession) advice. 53.The method is _________(specific) designed for use in small groups. 54.I think it was ___________ that they should have been aware of the ___________ of the rules. (significance) 55.In the experiment, we want to know the _________ data, so you must assure the _________. (accurate) 56.I am beginning to feel embarrassed at my complete _____ (ignore) of world history. 57.This kind of soil is not _____ (suit) for growing peanuts. 58.It is _______ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country. 59.The fish is a bit ____ (smell). We can't eat it. 60.____ (unfortunate), Chaplin and his friend didn't find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm. 1.答案:flight 解析:考查名词。句意:由于糟糕的天气,这次航班被取消了。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词flight“航班”。 2.答案:carelessness 解析:考查名词。句意:他的粗心导致了他在数学竞赛中的失败。本空在句中作主语,故应用名词carelessness“粗心”。 3.答案:smelly 解析:考查形容词。句意为:日复一日,这条曾经美丽的河流已经变成了发臭的垃圾桶。此处应用形容词修饰名词"dustbin", smelly意为"有臭味的,有难闻气味的",符合句意。故填smelly。 4.答案:official 解析: 考查形容词。句意为:从那时起,便没有了与绑架者(进行)的官方的沟通。此处应用形容词修饰名词"communication"。故填official。 5.答案:extremely 解析:此空并不是系动词was后的表语,作表语的是difficult,空格处所填的词修饰 difficult,故应填副词 。注意以e结尾的形容词转换为副词的拼写规律:除以le结尾的形容词和true等以"元音字母+e"结尾的词外,其他都是直接加ly,不能去e。 6.答案:practical 解析:此处表示可是我们需要切实可行的建议帮我们脱离困境,故此处用 practice的形容词形式 practical作定语修饰名词 suggestions。因为有些考生对 need doing= need to be done结构比较熟悉,故容易忽视语境而误填practicing。 7.答案:receptions 解析:考查名词。句意:在婚宴上,男人和女人必须坐在不同的地方—新郎这边坐的是男人,新娘这边坐的是女人。根据areas可知,空格处应该用名词复数,分析句子成分可知,此处at wedding receptions是地点状语,意为 "在婚礼宴会上" 。故填receptions。 8.答案:retired 9.答案:demanding 10.答案:apology 解析:此处是一个固定短语,make an apology to sb,向某人道歉,所以需要apologize的名词形式,即apology. 11.答案:confirmed, confirmation 12.答案:Initially 13.答案:fail, failure 14.答案:frequently, frequency 15.答案:temporarily 16.答案:distributed, distribution 17.答案:violence, violently 18.答案:emperor, empire 19.答案:dirt, dirtier 20.答案:bare, barely 21.答案:elegant, elegance 22.答案:lacked, lack 23.答案:vividly 24.答案:urged, urge 25.答案:powerful 解析:修饰名词government应用形容词,根据句意可知此处表示“强大的”,故填powerful。 26.答案:wonderful 解析:句意: 然后我们收到了官方的来信, 我们大吃一惊, 我们为她骄傲。那太棒了。根据句子结构可知, 在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语, 故填wonderful。 27.答案:Compared 解析:句意:和信件相比,如今电子邮件更方便交流。分析句子结构可知,compare与句子主语e-mails构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故填Compared。 28.答案:freedom 解析:句意为:现在,孩子们被给予了更多的自由。句中的allow是双宾动词,用法为 allow sb sth,故此处应使用名词形式freedom。 29.答案:ignorance 解析:句意为:他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。句中and表示并列,连接的是名词prejudice和设空处,故此处应使用名词形式 ignorance。 30.答案:application 解析:句意为:南非已经提交了举办世界杯的申请。此处应使用名词形式作宾语。 31.答案:scientific 解析:句意为:他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。此处应使用形容词来修饰名词 approach。 32.答案:electricity 解析:句意为:我们搬进了一间有电但是没有自来水的小木屋。此处应使用名词作介词with的宾语。 33.答案:politician 解析:句意为:他仍是阿肯色州最受喜爱的政治家。此处前有形容词 popular修饰且指He,应使用名词 politician。 34.答案:surroundings 解析:句意为:这些建筑物设计巧妙,与周围环境浑然一体。表示“环境;周围的事物”时应使用名词 surroundings,且其为复数形式。 35.答案:intention 解析:句意为:这位作者的意图是在最终悲痛的结尾前让所有人都猜不透。此处应使用名词作主语。 36.答案:survival 解析:句意为:只有进行心脏移植,他才有机会活下去。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。 37.答案:entertainment 解析:句意为:另一个反对电视的论据说,它作为一种消遣的形式替代了阅读。a form of 意为“一种……的形式”,后面要接名词作宾语,故填entertainment。 38.答案:variety 解析:句意为:加入我们,一起来尝一尝各种各样的当地的新鲜食物和饮料。a variety of 意为“各种各样的”,相当于形容词various。 39.答案:arrangements 解析:设空处在句中作主语,应用名词,arrangement作“安排,准备”讲时为可数名词,且常用复数形式。故填arrangements。 40.答案:awareness 解析:句意为:他们认为一个城市的文明可以通过人们保护动物的意识来评价。设空处作介词by 的宾语,应用名词,故填awareness。 41.答案:obviously 解析:句意为:尽管我只分别列出了两个,但显然还有很多其他的情况可能出现。此处要用 obvious 的副词形式 obviously 修饰be动词are。 42.答案:curiosity 解析:句意为:大厅里的人们似乎非常爱管闲事,一直好奇地看着我。介词with后应用名词作宾语。 43.答案:recyclable 解析:句意为:所有可回收的材料都可以节省能源,有时被节省下来的能源量是巨大的。此处需要形容词,修饰空后的 materials,表示“可回收的材料”,故填形容词recyclable。 44.答案:length 解析:句意为:操作员表示,这个黑斑大约有横跨整个美国的长度的两倍长。此处考查倍数的表达:“A + be +倍数+ the +名词+ of + B”,意为“A是B在某个方面的多少倍”,故填length。 45.答案:poisonous 解析:句意为:要是她之前意识到了蘑菇是有毒的,那么她就不会把它们摘下来当晚餐了。此处应用形容词,表示“有毒的”,与空前的be动词构成系表结构,故填poisonous。 46.答案:globally 解析:句意为:但无论是从当地还是从全球来看,全日照咖啡园的持续扩张都可能意味着对热带雨林生态的破坏。此处修饰后面的句子,应用副词,同时根据and前的locally也可知应填副词。 47.答案:extinction 解析:句意为:然而,这两名动物园管理员不愿意看到这种珍贵物种的灭绝。此处作see的宾语,应用名词,故填extinction。 48.答案:agricultural 解析:句意为:人们有许多可以提高世界较贫困地区农业效能的方法。agriculture意为“农业”,此处需要形容词,修饰空后的efficiency(效率;效能),故填agricultural。 49.答案:disappearance 解析:句意为:恐龙的灭绝并不一定是由天文方面的事件导致的。disappear是动词,此处应填名词,作主语,故填 disappearance,意为“消失”。 50.答案:officially 解析:句意为:这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上被正式授予我。此处需要填入副词,修饰句子的谓语部分 will be given to,故填officially,表示“官方地;正式地”。 51.答案:suitable 解析: 句意:这种土壤不适合种植花生。be suitable for 意为 “适合...”。 52.答案:professional 解析:句意为:获得好的专业建议是非常重要的。设空处修饰后面的名词advice,需填形容词。 53.答案:specifically 解析:句意为:这个方法是专为小组使用而设计的。设空处修饰动词designed,需用副词。 54.答案:significant, significance 55.答案:accurate, accuracy 56.答案:ignorance 解析:考查名词。句意:我开始因自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。根据空前形容词complete及空后介词of可知,本空应用名词ignorance“无知”。 57.答案:suitable 解析:考查形容词。句意:这种土壤不适合种植花生。本空在句中作表语,故应用形容词suitable“适合的”。be suitable for“适合……”。 58.答案:illegal 解析:考查形容词。句意:在我们国家,酒后开车是违法的。本空在句中作表语,根据句意可知,本空应用形容词illegal“违法的”。 59.答案:smelly 解析:考查形容词。句意:这条鱼有点儿臭了。我们不能吃它了。本空在句中作表语,根据空前a bit可知,本空应用形容词smelly“有臭味的”。 60.答案:Unfortunately 解析:考查副词。句意:不幸的是,卓别林和他的朋友没找到任何金子,却遇上了暴风雪。本空位于句首修饰整个句子,故应用副词;根据句意可知,本空应用副词Unfortunately“不幸地”。 【2024】 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). 56.【答案】engineering 【解析】考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。 57.【答案】functional 【解析】考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。 2.【2024全国甲卷】They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the ____48____(complete)of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. 【答案】completion 【解析】考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。 3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 42.【答案】visibility 【解析】考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 43.【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 4.【2024浙江1月卷】Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____40____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 【2023】 1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists. 考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。 考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。 2.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty __69___ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 3.【2023年全国乙卷】The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50means_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【49题详解】 考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 4.【2023年全国乙卷】However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. 8.考查副词。句意:然而,她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发,而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词got,应用副词,作状语。故final改为finally。 5.【2023年全国乙卷】At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn’t wash out. 10.考查形容词。句意:至少有一件事被证明是正确的:这种颜色洗不掉。prove为系动词,表示“证明是”,后接形容词。故truth改为true。 6.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】So, what are they learning? ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。 7.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。 8.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____64____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____65_____ (want) more next time. 考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。 考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。 9.【2023年全国甲卷】 ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 10.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps. 4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意:根据上文The bees可知,此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。 5.考查形容词。句意:蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词lovely后跟形容词beautiful,作表语。故beautifully改为beautiful。 【2022】 11. (2022年全国甲卷语法填空) ...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___A 64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 65.【答案】protection 【解析】考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。 66.【答案】meaningful 【解析】考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 12.(2022年全国甲卷短文改错)I felt so closely to him. 【答案】closely→close 【解析】考查形容词。句意:我对他感觉如此亲近。felt为系动词,后面用形容词作表语,表示“亲近的”,closely为副词,此处用close。故将closely改为close。 13.(2022年全国乙卷语法填空) ...As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 65. responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 14. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错)We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.... 1.【答案】greatly → great 【解析】考查形容词。句意: 我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好运动。需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。 15. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 62.【答案】populations 考查名词。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式,注意population为可数名词。本句句意:大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系,并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。故填populations。 63.【答案】eventually 【解析】 考查副词。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。本句句意:大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系,并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。故填eventually。 2、 构词法在阅读理解中的运用 写出下列段落中划线词的构词形式及汉语意思 1.(2023年新高考I卷C篇)The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 【答案】 sustainable adj. 可持续的; Minimalism n. 极简主义 necessity n. 必要(性); (迫切)需要;必需品 high-quality adj.高质; mindless adj. 无须动脑筋的; toolbox 合成词 工具箱; minimalist n. 简约主义者; 2.(2022年全国乙卷)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. 【答案】 high-tension adj. 高(电)压的 precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/ adj. 准确地;恰好地 * precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 精确的,准确的;恰好的 regularly /ˈreɡjələli/ adv. 定期地,有规律地;频繁地 * regular/ˈreɡjələ(r)/ adj. 恒定的,规则的 reliability /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ n. 可靠性;可信度 * reliable /rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l/ adj. 可靠的,可信赖的 2.(2022年新高考I卷)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 【答案】unthinkingly adv. 轻率地 jaw-dropping adj. 使人十分惊奇的;惊人的 【2021】 1. (2021年新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are. 2. (2021年全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people… 3. (2021年全国乙卷)… and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas. 4. (2021年全国乙卷) Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 5. (2021年1月浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 30. (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. 6. (2021年6月浙江卷)…Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842. 1.【57题】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。 2.(2021年全国甲卷) 【49题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。 3. (2021年全国乙卷) 【62题】考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 4. (2021年全国乙卷) 【69题】考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。 5. (2021年1月浙江卷) 30.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。 6. (2021年6月浙江卷) 【38题】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。 7.(2021年新高考I卷)It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 17..(2021年全国甲卷)… to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines. 8.(2021年全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 _ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,… 9. Provide 68 (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. 10.(2021年1月浙江卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 35(sharp). 1.【57题】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。 2.【49题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。 3. 【62题】考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 4. 【69题】考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。 5. 30.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。 6. 【38题】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。 7.【58题】考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。 【50题】考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。 8. 【61题】考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。 9. 【68题】考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知,空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid,finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。 10. 35.考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!20 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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