精品解析：2024年山东省潍坊市诸城市中考二模英语试题

2024 年初中学业水平考试复习自测 (二) 英 语 试 题 (时间: 90分钟 满分: 110分) 2024.5 一、阅读理解 (共15 小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Dog in Wheelchair The cute dog was born without two front legs. She had to get around by jumping on her back legs. Luckily, a high school team used a 3D printer to build a wheelchair for her. She is able to move around freely. Neil, the Seal Hello, I’m Neil, a two-year-old seal (海豹). I love to travel around the land and enjoy taking a short sleep on the hot street and playing with traffic cones (交通锥). Sometimes I get myself into trouble, but many caring people kindly lead me to the safer grass. Art Is Everywhere Look! A standing goose (雁) is turning its head back to catch a fish. Can you guess what this work of art was once used for? It was a lamp from the Han Dynasty. There were also other lamps in the shapes of sheep and other animals. 1. Why is the dog in the wheelchair? A. To have fun. B. To move around freely. C. To look for her legs. D. To use a 3D printer. 2. It’s clear that ________. A. the dog can build a wheelchair B. the sheep jumps on her back legs C. the lamp was made by using a 3D printer D. the seal is loved by many people 3. What do these materials have in common? A They are all works of art. B. They can be seen everywhere. C. They have something to do with animals. D. They all like to play on the land. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了三则关于动物信息：轮椅上的狗，一只名叫尼尔的海豹，以及一些关于动物的古代艺术品。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Luckily, a high school team used a 3D printer to build a wheelchair for her. She is able to move around freely.”可知，狗用轮椅是为了能够自由活动。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Sometimes I get myself into trouble, but many caring people kindly lead me to the safer grass.”可知，很明显，海豹受到了很多人喜爱。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Dog in Wheelchair”；“Neil, the Seal”以及“A standing goose (雁) is turning its head back to catch a fish.”可知，这三则材料都与动物有关。故选C。 B One afternoon, something on the Internet caught my eye: a tiny hedgehog held by a big hand. The post read: “HELP! My hedgehog abandoned her two babies, and I cannot raise both of them. Good home with experience needed!” I had no experience with baby hedgehogs. I was an animal person and had raised cats, dogs, and birds. But this tiny animal was new to me, and it touched me that he was abandoned, and that maybe I could love him and be the best mom for him. I wrote the most heartfelt email I could. That was how I found my Louie. True to my word, he was my baby. Louie didn’t know he was a hedgehog. He never curled (蜷缩) into a ball, and he liked my two cats, no fear. The cats, however, were afraid of him, as he often moved into the room, running after the cats and blocking my way. By the time he reached old age, Louie had only three feet. However, he still managed to climb the stairs to visit other animals. Life has its meaning! Louie needed a good home, and in return, he helped me realize my dream of taking photos of the hedgehog and made it possible for me to show off photos of him and be a good mom. Hedgehogs require lots of patience, trust, and knowledge—but the pay-off is pretty great. 4. How does the writer starts the passage? A. By expressing feelings. B. By showing a post. C. By answering a question. D. By explaining reasons. 5. What does the word “abandoned” probably mean in Paragraph 1? A. Gave up. B. Picked up. C. Took out. D. Took away. 6. What’s the passage mainly about? A. A dream of taking photos of the hedgehog. B. A “HELP” post on the Internet. C. Being a mom of a hedgehog. D. Protecting animals. 7. What can we learn from the passage? A. Actions speak louder than words. B. It’s better to give than to receive. C. Many hands make light work. D. One’s effort will pay off. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了领养刺猬给作者的生活带来了变化，让她感受到生命的意义。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据“One afternoon, something on the Internet caught my eye: a tiny hedgehog held by a big hand. The post read: ‘HELP! My hedgehog abandoned her two babies, and I cannot raise both of them. Good home with experience needed!’”可知，作者通过展示一条帖子来开始本文。故选B。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“My hedgehog abandoned her two babies, and I cannot raise both of them.”可知，“我”不能同时抚养两个宝宝，说明刺猬妈妈抛弃了两个宝宝；据此可以推断划线单词“abandoned”意为“抛弃”，与gave up同义。故选A。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了领养刺猬给作者的生活带来了变化，让她感受到生命的意义；选项C“做一个刺猬妈妈”能概括本文大意。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hedgehogs require lots of patience, trust, and knowledge—but the pay-off is pretty great.”可知，照顾刺猬需要许多耐心，信任和知识，同时回报也是相当大的；选项D“一个人的努力会有回报的。”符合语境。故选D。 C “Fast fashion” refers to how the clothing industry quickly produces lots of cheap clothes and gets them to stores every few weeks. The practice lets shoppers buy new styles all the time. And clothes prices are low. But many of these clothes quickly wear out or go out of style. Their price tags (标签) also don’t include all of the clothes’ environmental costs. “The problem starts with how we think about fashion,” says Kirsi Niinimaki. She’s a fashion, textile and design researcher. “Everyone nowadays owns too many clothes. And we use them a really short time and then dispose of them,” she says. Even if something stays in your closet for years, you might only end up wearing it some 20 times. Kirsi was part of a team that looked at many studies on the environmental costs of the fashion industry. They found that this industry caused 8 to 10 percent of the global emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The industry is also responsible for about one-fifth of the world’s industrial water pollution. And people produce more than 92 million tons of textile and clothing waste each year, the team found. Its report appeared in the April issue of Nature Reviews. Fashion is a global industry, as Pietra Rivoli learned. She’s an economist atGeorgetown University. Rivoli bought a cotton T-shirt in Florida. The tag said it was made in China. But, she learned, the factory had gotten most of its cotton from Texas. Used or unwanted T-shirts are often popular in Africa. There, people sold them for reuse. She wrote about her findings in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. The journey of your own clothes from fiber (纤维) to finished products comes with environmental costs. Scientists and engineers have been working on ways to limit some of these influences. 8. What do you know about “fast fashion” according to the passage? A. The clothes have no price tags. B. The prices of clothes are low. C. The clothes are never out of style. D. The quality of the clothes is perfect. 9. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “dispose of” in paragraph 2? A. Put away. B. Sell out. C. Take off. D. Throw away 10. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The fashion industry wastes resources and increases the greenhouse effects. B. The fashion industry has caused 50% of the world’s industrial water pollution. C. People produce less than 92 million tons of unwanted or used clothes each year. D. The fashion industry isn’t responsible for the global emissions of a greenhouse gas. 11. What may be discussed in the following paragraph? A. Methods of reducing the environmental costs of the fashion industry. B. Reasons why the fashion industry causes great harm to the environment. C. The importance of reducing the environmental costs of the fashion industry. D. Pietra Rivoli’s new findings in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了“快时尚”现象，即服装行业快速生产大量低价衣物，并频繁更新款式，使得消费者能不断购买新衣。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据“And clothes prices are low.”可知，“快时尚”的衣服价格很低。故选B。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Everyone nowadays owns too many clothes. And we use them a really short time and then dispose of them”可知，前文提到了每个人都有太多的衣服，我们使用它们的时间很短，因此推测划线词指的是“扔掉”。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Kirsi was part of a team that looked at many studies on the environmental costs of the fashion industry.”以及“They found that this industry caused 8 to 10 percent of the global emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.”可知，时装业浪费资源，增加温室效应。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据“The journey of your own clothes from fiber (纤维) to finished products comes with environmental costs. Scientists and engineers have been working on ways to limit some of these influences.”可推知，后文会讨论降低时装业环境成本的方法。故选A。 D Dreams are like stars. You may never catch them, but if you follow them, they will lead you to success. ____12____ Yan is a rising star in the science world. When she was young, she dreamed of being a great scientist. In 1996, she went to Tsinghua University to study biology. After graduating from Tsinghua in 2000, she went to Princeton University and finished her study abroad in 2007. Then she returned to Tsinghua and set up her own lab. When Yan was only 30, she became the youngest professor at Tsinghua. ____13____ On April 30 of 2019, she was included among the 100 new members and 25 foreign associates into the US National Academy of Sciences (国家科学院). However, it was a long and difficult road for her to make such achievements. ____14____ But she never gave up her dream. Instead, she followed her dream and fought for it. She usually works at least 14 hours a day. Sometimes she even forgets to eat and rest to work until late night. She never gets tired because she thinks doing research is the most “comfortable” job for her. In a TV interview, Yan encouraged young people to work hard for their dreams. “____15____” 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to follow them. B. Yan became a leading biology researcher at Princeton at the age of 42. C. No matter how old you are, it’s never too late to change yourself. D. She experienced a lot of failures and pains. E. Yan Ning is such a dream follower. 【答案】12. E 13. B 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，通过颜宁的故事告诉我们要有勇气追逐自己的梦想。 【12题详解】 根据下文“Yan is a rising star in the science world. When she was young, she dreamed of being a great scientist.”可知，空处是引出颜宁的事例，选项E“颜宁就是这样一个梦想追随者。”符合语境。故选E。 【13题详解】 根据上文“When Yan was only 30, she became the youngest professor at Tsinghua.”及下文“On April 30 of 2019, she was included among the 100 new members and 25 foreign associates into the US National Academy of Sciences (国家科学院).”可知，此处是介绍颜宁取得的成就，选项B“颜在42岁时成为普林斯顿大学的一位领先的生物学研究员。”符合语境。故选B。 【14题详解】 根据上文“However, it was a long and difficult road for her to make such achievements.”可知，此处是介绍颜宁在取得成就的过程中经历的困难，选项D“她经历了很多失败和痛苦。”符合语境。故选D。 【15题详解】 根据“In a TV interview, Yan encouraged young people to work hard for their dreams.”可知，此处是颜宁鼓励年轻人为梦想而努力，选项A“如果我们有勇气去追寻梦想，我们所有的梦想都能实现。”符合语境。故选A。 二、语言知识运用 (共 20 小题；满分35分) A 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(每小题1.5分，满分 15分) How has technology made your life easier? When you go to a shopping mall, you can ___16___ free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all of these things can be seen as the first building blocks of a smart city. The ___17___ of a smart city was first suggested by tech company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city ____18____ uses digital (电子的) technology, such as 5G network s and the “internet of things”, to improve urban planning, save money and resources (资源), and make our lives more convenient. Cities ___19___ Boston, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are already using smart technology to improve public services. In the US cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart rubbish bins (桶) can sense how ___20___ they are and tell workers when they need to be cleaned. In Amsterdam, traffic is monitored (监测) and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. There are ___21___ traffic jams. Smart cities will allow us to ___22___ resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to check the usage of water, gas and electricity, city managers can make sure how to use these resources more efficiently. For example, water and gas pipes (管道) could ___23___ repair workers when there is a leak (泄漏). Air pollution could be more closely monitored, too. Of course, ___24___ will take time to build the smart cities of the future. But since we’ve already seen successful examples, it won’t be long ___25___ more cities join in. Tech Republic estimates (估计) that by 2050, about 60 percent of people worldwide will live in smart cities. 16. A. ask B. find C. offer D. enjoy 17. A. idea B. fact C. truth D. question 18. A. that B. who C. what D. where 19. A. as B. for C. like D. from 20. A. full B. dirty C. polluted D. expensive 21. A. less B. fewer C. busier D. heavier 22. A. use B. save C. invent D. discover 23. A. warn B. obey C. create D. remind 24. A. it B. this C. that D. they 25. A. since B. after C. before D. unless 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了智能城市，同时介绍了智能科技在世界一些城市的使用情况及优势；并提到了智能城市的发展前景。 【16题详解】 句意：当你去购物中心时，你可以在那里享受免费的Wi-Fi。 ask问；find找到；offer提供；enjoy享受。根据“When you go to a shopping mall, you can…free Wi-Fi there.”可知，是享受免费Wi-Fi。故选D。 【17题详解】 句意：2010年，科技公司IBM首次提出了智能城市概念。 idea概念；fact事实；truth真相；question问题。根据“of a smart city was first suggested by tech company IBM in 2010.”可知，这里指的是智能城市这一“概念”是被科技公司IBM首次提出的。故选A。 【18题详解】 句意：一般来说，智能城市是指使用5G网络和“物联网”等数字技术来改善城市规划，节省资金和资源，使我们的生活更方便的城市。 that关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句；where关系副词，作状语。该句是定语从句，先行词是“city”，从句中“uses digital (电子的) technology,”缺主语，故选A。 【19题详解】 句意：波士顿、阿姆斯特丹和哥本哈根等城市已经在使用智能技术来改善公共服务。 as作为；for为了；like比如；from从。根据“Boston, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are already using smart technology to improve public services.”可知，后文开始举例，介词like符合语境，故选C。 【20题详解】 句意：在美国波士顿和巴尔的摩等城市，智能垃圾桶可以感应到里面有多满，并在需要清理的时候告诉工作人员。 full满的；dirty脏的；polluted受污染的；expensive贵的。根据“smart rubbish bins (桶) can sense how”以及“ tell workers when they need to be cleaned.”可知，指的是智能垃圾桶可以感应到里面有多满，故选A。 【21题详解】 句意：交通堵塞少了。 less更少，修饰不可数名词；fewer更少，修饰可数名词；busier更忙；heavier更重。根据“In Amsterdam, traffic is monitored (监测) and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city.”可知，设空处应该说交通堵塞更少了，“traffic jams”为可数名词。故选B。 22题详解】 句意：智能城市将使我们节约资源。 use使用；save节约；invent发明；discover发现。根据“Smart cities will allow us”并结合语境可知，智能城市将使我们节约资源。故选B。 【23题详解】 句意：例如，水和煤气管道可以在有泄漏时提醒维修工人。 warn警告；obey遵守；create创造；remind提醒。根据“By using sensors and 5G networks to check the usage of water, gas and electricity…use these resources more efficiently.”以及“repair workers when there is a leak (泄漏).”可知，此处指的是有泄漏时提醒维修工人。故选D。 【24题详解】 句意：当然，建设未来的智能城市需要时间。 it它；this这个；that那个；they他们。根据“will take time to build the smart cities”可知，该句是固定句型“it takes time to do sth”，因此设空处填it作形式主语。故选A。 【25题详解】 句意：但由于我们已经看到了成功的例子，不久之后就会有更多的城市加入进来。 since自从；after在……以后；before在……之前；unless除非。根据“it won’t be long”并结合语境可知，此处指的是有更多的城市加入智能城市的时间不会太久，it won’t be long before“……不久就……”，故选C。 B 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。 One bright summer morning the Mole and the Rat were out on the river bank, ___26___ (watch) the world go by. The Rat was writing a song and was singing quietly to ___27___ (he), as he tried different words. “Ratty,” said the Mole, “could I ask you something?” “Mmm,” the Rat said, “Sky, fly, high, die, why…Oh dear! What did you say, Mole?” “Will you take me to visit Mr. Toad? I ___28___ (hear) so much about him, and I do want to meet him.” “Why, of course,” said the Rat ___29___ (soft). “Get the boat out, and we ___30___ (row) up there now. Toad’s always happy ___31___ (see) his friends.” “He must be a very nice animal,” said the Mole, as he got into the boat and ___32___ (take) the oars. “He’s the ___33___ (good) of animals,” replied the Rat. “Kind, friendly, not very clever perhaps, and sometimes he’s just a little bit boastful, but he’s a good fellow really.” The Mole rowed hard up the river and in a while they came to a large red house, with beautiful gardens reaching down to the water’s edge. “There’s Toad Hall,” said the Rat. “It’s a lovely old house—Toad is very ___34___ (wealth) you know, and this is really one of the nicest ___35___ (house) on the river. But we never say that to Toad, of course.” 【答案】26. watching 27. himself 28. have heard 29. softly 30. will row 31. to see 32. took 33. best 34. wealthy 35. houses 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，节选自《风语河岸柳》，文章主要讲述Mole和Rat划船去看望Toad的故事。 【26题详解】 句意：一个灿烂的夏日早晨，Mole和Rat在河岸边散步，欣赏着世界的变幻。分析句子结构可知，此处应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填watching。 【27题详解】 句意：Rat正在写一首歌，他试着用不同的词轻声地自哼自唱。根据“quietly”可知，此处指轻声地自哼自唱，应用反身代词。故填himself。 【28题详解】 句意：我已听了许多有关他的事，我确实想见他。根据“I…so much about him, and I do want to meet him.”的句意可知，此处指过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应用现在完成时have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have heard。 【29题详解】 句意：Rat柔声说。分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰动词said。故填softly。 【30题详解】 句意：去把船拿来，我们现在将要划船到那里。根据情景可知，此处还没有划船，表示将要做某事，用一般将来时。故填will row。 【31题详解】 句意：Toad一直都很乐意见他的朋友。be happy to do sth.“乐于做某事”，固定词组。故填to see。 【32题详解】 句意：“他一定是一只很不错的动物，”Mole边说边走上船拿起双桨。根据空前的“got into the boat and”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。故填took。 【33题详解】 句意：“他是动物中最好的，”Rat回答道。根据空前的“the”可知，此处表示最高级的含义。故填best。 【34题详解】 句意：这是一所可爱的老宅——Toad很富有，你知道吧，这确实是河边最好的房子之一。分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词的形容词形式，作表语。故填wealthy。 【35题详解】 句意：这是一所可爱的老宅——Toad很富有，你知道吧，这确实是河边最好的房子之一。根据空前的“one of”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填houses。 三、翻译句子 (共3 小题；每小题3分，满分 9分) 用括号内所给的词或短语，将下列句子翻译成英语。 36. 中国文化已经影响了世界几千年。(influence) ________________________________. 【答案】Chinese culture has (already) influenced the world for thousands of years 【解析】 【详解】Chinese culture“中国文化”；influence“影响”，时态为现在完成时，此处应用has influenced；already“已经”；the world“世界”；for thousands of years“几千年”。故填Chinese culture has (already) influenced the world for thousands of years。 37. 当你面对危险时，应该保持冷静。(in danger) ________________________________ 【答案】You should keep calm when you are in danger. 【解析】 【详解】分析题干可知，句子为一般现在时，且为when引导的时间状语从句；you“你”，分别作从句、主句主语，位于句首，首字母要大写；should“应该”，后接动词原形；keep calm“保持冷静”，动词短语；when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句；be in danger“处于危险中”，其中in danger为介词短语；主语为you，be用are。故填You should keep calm when you are in danger. 38. 你认为人类的一些工作是否会被Chat GPT取代？ (replace) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do you think some of humans’ jobs/work will be replaced by Chat GPT? 【解析】 【详解】根据中文意思可知，该句为一般疑问句，含有宾语从句。think认为，主语是you，借助助动词do，think后接宾语从句，语序要用陈述语序。“人类的一些工作”可翻译为“some of humans’ jobs/work”，作主语；Chat GPT，专有名词；“取代”可翻译为replace，动词。根据中文提示可知，这里句中应该用一般将来时的被动结构，表示“将被……”，结构是“will be+过去分词”。故填Do you think some of humans’ jobs/work will be replaced by Chat GPT? 四、阅读表达(共5小题；满分16分。其中第42小题4分，其余每小题3分) 阅读下面的短文，根据短文后的要求答题。 After two years, Rick and Morty, the popular animated sci-fi series (科幻系列), has at last returned. Season four started airing on November 10 in the US. Since 2013, the show has become a hit for the strange situations that its characters find themselves in. The series follows an anxious teenager named Morty and his grandpa Rick. When they travel through the universe, they jump through green doors and experience all sorts of crazy sci-fi adventures. In addition to strange imaginary problems, the characters also deal with realistic problems. The show touches on topics such as depression, failed marriages and self-sabotage. Rick’s negative attitude towards life always breaks his relationships. But behind all of that self-loading (自我厌恶), there is a guy who is human. For example, in one part, he and his grandchildren break time. This makes the universe separated into many timelines. In one of these timelines, Rick loses his life in order to save Morty. Things like this explain why the show has won, so many fans. Will you watch? 39. In which year was Season four of the animated sci-fi series on? ________________________________________________________________ 40. What is the movie about? (Less than 15 words) (不超过 15个词) ________________________________________________________________ 41. List three examples to show the “realistic problems” in Paragraph 3. ________________________________________________________________ 42. What do you think of Rick? (用3 个词描述) ________________________________________________________________ 43. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】39. In 2015. 40. It’s about an anxious teenager named Morty and his grandpa Rick./Rick and Morty’s experience of all sorts of crazy sci-fi adventures. 41. Depression, failed marriages and self-sabotage. 42. Negative, self-loading, brave. 43. 类似于/像这样的事情说明了这部电影为什么赢得如此多的粉丝/影迷。 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了流行的科幻动画系列《瑞奇与莫蒂》终于回归。第四季于11月10日在美国开播，文中介绍了这个动画片的故事情节以及感人的地方。 【39题详解】 根据第一段“After two years, Rick and Morty, the popular animated sci-fi series (科幻系列), has at last returned. Season four started airing on November 10 in the US.”和第二段“Since 2013, the show has become a hit for the strange situations that its characters find themselves in.”可知，自2013年以来，这部剧因其角色所处的奇怪情境而大受欢迎；两年后（2015年）第四季上映。故填In 2015. 【40题详解】 根据第二段“The series follows an anxious teenager named Morty and his grandpa Rick. When they travel through the universe, they jump and fly through green doors and experience all sorts of crazy sci-fi adventures.”可知，该电影讲述了一个名叫莫蒂的焦虑少年和他的爷爷瑞奇的故事。当他们在宇宙中旅行时，他们跳着飞着穿过绿色的门，经历各种疯狂的科幻冒险。故填It’s about an anxious teenager named Morty and his grandpa Rick./Rick and Morty’s experience of all sorts of crazy sci-fi adventures. 【41题详解】 根据第三段“In addition to strange imaginary problems, the characters also deal with realistic problems. The show touches on topics such as depression, failed marriages and self-sabotage.”可知，现实问题包括抑郁、失败的婚姻和自我伤害。故填Depression, failed marriages and self-sabotage. 【42题详解】 根据第四段“Rick’s negative attitude towards life always breaks his relationships. But behind all of that self-loading (自我厌恶), there is a guy who is human. For example, in one part, he and his grandchildren break time. This makes the universe separated into many timelines.In one of these timelines, Rick loses his life in order to save Morty.”可知，一方面，瑞奇生活态度消极，自我厌恶；另一方面，他也很有人性，很勇敢，为了救莫蒂，他勇敢地献出了自己的生命。故填Negative, self-loading, brave. 【43题详解】 things like this“类似于/像这样的事情”；explain“解释，说明”，动词；why“为什么”，引导宾语从句；the show“这部电影”；has won, so many fans“赢得如此多的粉丝/影迷”。故填：类似于/像这样的事情说明了这部电影为什么赢得如此多的粉丝/影迷。 五、写作(满分 20分) 44. 你们学校将举办以“如何应对压力，尽享快乐生活”为主题的英语短文比赛。请根据以下通知要求，并结合自身实际，用英文写一篇短文。 Notice You’ve all worked very hard over the last three years. Are you under much pressure? Where is the pressure from? How do you deal with pressure? What is your way to get pleasure in your life? Share with us! SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 要求： (1)你的短文至少包含通知中提到的两项（黑体部分）； (2)文中不得出现个人真实的姓名和校名； (3)词数80词左右，标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Pressure and Pleasure Nowadays many students say they are under much pressure. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Pressure and Pleasure Nowadays many students say they are under much pressure. So am I. Senior High School Entrance Examination is coming! I believe everyone wants to enter a good high school. But entering a good high school is challenging for me. Besides, my parents expect me to be excellent, which makes me stressful. To deal with my pressure, I usually turn to my parents or teachers for help, share my feelings with them and they offer me advice. In addition, I often do something interesting like exercising, reading and listening to music and so on. They are good ways to relax ourselves. It’s important to learn to relax ourselves so that we can live a happy and healthy life. 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：本文应使用“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要点应结合给出的通知写作，并适当补充，使文章内容充实。 [写作步骤] 第一步，描述自己的压力以及自己是如何处理这种压力的； 第二步，说明放松的方式。 [亮点词汇] ①in addition此外 ②so that以便 [高分句型] Besides, my parents expect me to be excellent, which makes me stressful.（定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024 年初中学业水平考试复习自测 (二) 英 语 试 题 (时间: 90分钟 满分: 110分) 2024.5 一、阅读理解 (共15 小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Dog in Wheelchair The cute dog was born without two front legs. She had to get around by jumping on her back legs. Luckily, a high school team used a 3D printer to build a wheelchair for her. She is able to move around freely. Neil, the Seal Hello, I’m Neil, a two-year-old seal (海豹). I love to travel around the land and enjoy taking a short sleep on the hot street and playing with traffic cones (交通锥). Sometimes I get myself into trouble, but many caring people kindly lead me to the safer grass. Art Is Everywhere Look! A standing goose (雁) is turning its head back to catch a fish. Can you guess what this work of art was once used for? It was a lamp from the Han Dynasty. There were also other lamps in the shapes of sheep and other animals. 1. Why is the dog in the wheelchair? A. To have fun. B. To move around freely. C. To look for her legs. D. To use a 3D printer. 2. It’s clear that ________. A. the dog can build a wheelchair B. the sheep jumps on her back legs C. the lamp was made by using a 3D printer D. the seal is loved by many people 3. What do these materials have in common? A. They are all works of art. B. They can be seen everywhere. C. They have something to do with animals. D. They all like to play on the land. B One afternoon, something on the Internet caught my eye: a tiny hedgehog held by a big hand. The post read: “HELP! My hedgehog abandoned her two babies, and I cannot raise both of them. Good home with experience needed!” I had no experience with baby hedgehogs. I was an animal person and had raised cats, dogs, and birds. But this tiny animal was new to me, and it touched me that he was abandoned, and that maybe I could love him and be the best mom for him. I wrote the most heartfelt email I could. That was how I found my Louie. True to my word, he was my baby. Louie didn’t know he was a hedgehog. He never curled (蜷缩) into a ball, and he liked my two cats, no fear. The cats, however, were afraid of him, as he often moved into the room, running after the cats and blocking my way. By the time he reached old age, Louie had only three feet. However, he still managed to climb the stairs to visit other animals. Life has its meaning! Louie needed a good home, and in return, he helped me realize my dream of taking photos of the hedgehog and made it possible for me to show off photos of him and be a good mom. Hedgehogs require lots of patience, trust, and knowledge—but the pay-off is pretty great. 4. How does the writer starts the passage? A. By expressing feelings. B. By showing a post. C. By answering a question. D. By explaining reasons. 5. What does the word “abandoned” probably mean in Paragraph 1? A. Gave up. B. Picked up. C. Took out. D. Took away. 6. What’s the passage mainly about? A. A dream of taking photos of the hedgehog. B. A “HELP” post on the Internet. C. Being a mom of a hedgehog. D. Protecting animals. 7. What can we learn from the passage? A. Actions speak louder than words. B. It’s better to give than to receive. C. Many hands make light work. D. One’s effort will pay off. C “Fast fashion” refers to how the clothing industry quickly produces lots of cheap clothes and gets them to stores every few weeks. The practice lets shoppers buy new styles all the time. And clothes prices are low. But many of these clothes quickly wear out or go out of style. Their price tags (标签) also don’t include all of the clothes’ environmental costs. “The problem starts with how we think about fashion” says Kirsi Niinimaki. She’s a fashion, textile and design researcher. “Everyone nowadays owns too many clothes. And we use them a really short time and then dispose of them,” she says. Even if something stays in your closet for years, you might only end up wearing it some 20 times. Kirsi was part of a team that looked at many studies on the environmental costs of the fashion industry. They found that this industry caused 8 to 10 percent of the global emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The industry is also responsible for about one-fifth of the world’s industrial water pollution. And people produce more than 92 million tons of textile and clothing waste each year, the team found. Its report appeared in the April issue of Nature Reviews. Fashion is a global industry, as Pietra Rivoli learned. She’s an economist atGeorgetown University. Rivoli bought a cotton T-shirt in Florida. The tag said it was made in China. But, she learned, the factory had gotten most of its cotton from Texas. Used or unwanted T-shirts are often popular in Africa. There, people sold them for reuse. She wrote about her findings in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. The journey of your own clothes from fiber (纤维) to finished products comes with environmental costs. Scientists and engineers have been working on ways to limit some of these influences. 8. What do you know about “fast fashion” according to the passage? A. The clothes have no price tags. B. The prices of clothes are low. C. The clothes are never out of style. D. The quality of the clothes is perfect. 9. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “dispose of” in paragraph 2? A. Put away. B. Sell out. C. Take off. D. Throw away 10. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The fashion industry wastes resources and increases the greenhouse effects. B. The fashion industry has caused 50% of the world’s industrial water pollution. C. People produce less than 92 million tons of unwanted or used clothes each year. D. The fashion industry isn’t responsible for the global emissions of a greenhouse gas. 11. What may be discussed in the following paragraph? A Methods of reducing the environmental costs of the fashion industry. B. Reasons why the fashion industry causes great harm to the environment. C. The importance of reducing the environmental costs of the fashion industry. D. Pietra Rivoli’s new findings in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. D Dreams are like stars. You may never catch them, but if you follow them, they will lead you to success. ____12____ Yan is a rising star in the science world. When she was young she dreamed of being a great scientist. In 1996, she went to Tsinghua University to study biology. After graduating from Tsinghua in 2000, she went to Princeton University and finished her study abroad in 2007. Then she returned to Tsinghua and set up her own lab. When Yan was only 30, she became the youngest professor at Tsinghua. ____13____ On April 30 of 2019, she was included among the 100 new members and 25 foreign associates into the US National Academy of Sciences (国家科学院). However, it was a long and difficult road for her to make such achievements. ____14____ But she never gave up her dream. Instead, she followed her dream and fought for it. She usually works at least 14 hours a day. Sometimes she even forgets to eat and rest to work until late night. She never gets tired because she thinks doing research is the most “comfortable” job for her. In a TV interview, Yan encouraged young people to work hard for their dreams. “____15____” 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to follow them. B. Yan became a leading biology researcher at Princeton at the age of 42. C. No matter how old you are, it’s never too late to change yourself. D. She experienced a lot of failures and pains. E. Yan Ning is such a dream follower. 二、语言知识运用 (共 20 小题；满分35分) A 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(每小题1.5分，满分 15分) How has technology made your life easier? When you go to a shopping mall, you can ___16___ free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all of these things can be seen as the first building blocks of a smart city. The ___17___ of a smart city was first suggested by tech company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city ____18____ uses digital (电子的) technology, such as 5G network s and the “internet of things”, to improve urban planning, save money and resources (资源), and make our lives more convenient. Cities ___19___ Boston, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are already using smart technology to improve public services. In the US cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart rubbish bins (桶) can sense how ___20___ they are and tell workers when they need to be cleaned. In Amsterdam, traffic is monitored (监测) and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. There are ___21___ traffic jams. Smart cities will allow us to ___22___ resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to check the usage of water, gas and electricity, city managers can make sure how to use these resources more efficiently. For example, water and gas pipes (管道) could ___23___ repair workers when there is a leak (泄漏). Air pollution could be more closely monitored, too. Of course, ___24___ will take time to build the smart cities of the future. But since we’ve already seen successful examples, it won’t be long ___25___ more cities join in. Tech Republic estimates (估计) that by 2050, about 60 percent of people worldwide will live in smart cities. 16. A. ask B. find C. offer D. enjoy 17. A. idea B. fact C. truth D. question 18. A. that B. who C. what D. where 19. A. as B. for C. like D. from 20. A. full B. dirty C. polluted D. expensive 21. A. less B. fewer C. busier D. heavier 22. A. use B. save C. invent D. discover 23. A. warn B. obey C. create D. remind 24. A. it B. this C. that D. they 25. A. since B. after C. before D. unless B 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。 One bright summer morning the Mole and the Rat were out on the river bank, ___26___ (watch) the world go by. The Rat was writing a song and was singing quietly to ___27___ (he), as he tried different words. “Ratty,” said the Mole, “could I ask you something?” “Mmm,” the Rat said, “Sky, fly, high, die, why…Oh dear! What did you say, Mole?” “Will you take me to visit Mr. Toad? I ___28___ (hear) so much about him, and I do want to meet him.” “Why, of course,” said the Rat ___29___ (soft). “Get the boat out, and we ___30___ (row) up there now. Toad’s always happy ___31___ (see) his friends.” “He must be a very nice animal,” said the Mole, as he got into the boat and ___32___ (take) the oars. “He’s the ___33___ (good) of animals,” replied the Rat. “Kind, friendly, not very clever perhaps, and sometimes he’s just a little bit boastful, but he’s a good fellow really.” The Mole rowed hard up the river and in a while they came to a large red house, with beautiful gardens reaching down to the water’s edge. “There’s Toad Hall,” said the Rat. “It’s a lovely old house—Toad is very ___34___ (wealth) you know, and this is really one of the nicest ___35___ (house) on the river. But we never say that to Toad, of course.” 三、翻译句子 (共3 小题；每小题3分，满分 9分) 用括号内所给的词或短语，将下列句子翻译成英语。 36. 中国文化已经影响了世界几千年。(influence) ________________________________. 37. 当你面对危险时，应该保持冷静(in danger) ________________________________ 38. 你认为人类的一些工作是否会被Chat GPT取代？ (replace) ______________________________________________________________ 四、阅读表达(共5小题；满分16分。其中第42小题4分，其余每小题3分) 阅读下面的短文，根据短文后的要求答题。 After two years, Rick and Morty, the popular animated sci-fi series (科幻系列), has at last returned. Season four started airing on November 10 in the US. Since 2013 the show has become a hit for the strange situations that its characters find themselves in. The series follows an anxious teenager named Morty and his grandpa Rick. When they travel through the universe, they jump through green doors and experience all sorts of crazy sci-fi adventures. In addition to strange imaginary problems, the characters also deal with realistic problems. The show touches on topics such as depression, failed marriages and self-sabotage. Rick’s negative attitude towards life always breaks his relationships. But behind all of that self-loading (自我厌恶), there is a guy who is human. For example, in one part, he and his grandchildren break time. This makes the universe separated into many timelines. In one of these timelines, Rick loses his life in order to save Morty. Things like this explain why the show has won, so many fans. Will you watch? 39. In which year was Season four of the animated sci-fi series on? ________________________________________________________________ 40. What is the movie about? (Less than 15 words) (不超过 15个词) ________________________________________________________________ 41. List three examples to show the “realistic problems” in Paragraph 3. ________________________________________________________________ 42. What do you think of Rick? (用3 个词描述) ________________________________________________________________ 43. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. ________________________________________________________________ 五、写作(满分 20分) 44. 你们学校将举办以“如何应对压力，尽享快乐生活”为主题的英语短文比赛。请根据以下通知要求，并结合自身实际，用英文写一篇短文。 Notice You’ve all worked very hard over the last three years. Are you under much pressure? Where is the pressure from? How do you deal with pressure? What is your way to get pleasure in your life? Share with us! SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION 要求： (1)你的短文至少包含通知中提到的两项（黑体部分）； (2)文中不得出现个人真实的姓名和校名； (3)词数80词左右，标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Pressure and Pleasure Nowadays many students say they are under much pressure. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$