精品解析：2024届江苏省南京外国语学校·金陵中学·海安中学三校联考高三下学期最后一卷英语试题

英语试卷 本试卷分四个部分。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Wash the vegetables. B. Greet the guests. C. Cut more vegetables. 2. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Librarian and student. 3. What does the man probably want the woman to do? A. Volunteer with his organization. B. Help him with some research. C. Give some money to a cause. 4. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. How often to take a car to the shop. B. How to drive a car safely. C. When to buyacar. 5. What will the man do tomorrow? A. Go out with Molly. B. Go on a business lunch. C. Go to an auto show. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What has the man been doing recently? A. Playing the violin. B. Studying for a degree. C. Working on his second book. 7. What does the woman do? A. She’s a doctor. B. She’s a writer. C. She’s a teacher. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. How is the man probably feeling recently? A Angry. B. Confused. C. Excited. 9. Where might Charlene move? A. To a different part of the country. B. To another school in the area. C. To another country. 10. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Wait a little longer. B. Talk to Sarah about it. C. Give Charlene some advice. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Why is the girl staying at her table? A. She is getting more coffee. B. She sets her computer there. C She thinks it’s the best place to study. 12. Why does the boy ask about the girl’s table? A. He always sits there. B. He wants to talk about history. C. He needs to charge his computer. 13. What does Mr Fallon do? A. He is a college professor. B. He is a high schoolteacher. C. He is a graduate student. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What does the woman suggest doing first? A. Getting the passport and a pen ready. B. Turning on the overhead light. C. Setting the table. 15. How does the woman help the man with his address? A. By showing him where to write it. B. By writing it on to the form. C. By sending him an email. 16. What does the woman tell the man to do with his fruit? A. Throw it away. B. Tell the officials about it. C. Hide it in his carry-on luggage. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Why was the village built? A. To give people a home. B. To attract visitors to the museum. C. To show how Cherokee Indians lived. 18. What is the local woman doing? A. Making food. B. Playing a traditional game. C. Talking about village life. 19. What may visitors be invited to do? A. Play basketball. B. Shoot with bows and arrows. C Visit the community buildings. 20. When can visitors enjoy a special show? A. When the evening comes. B. As soon as the village opens. C. Right after the gift shop closes. 第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Jobs for Organic Chemists Welcome to the Organic Chemistry Portal Job Market! Here you can browse recent job openings worldwide, and find jobs in research and development both in industry and academia. Some tips for your career as an organic chemist and the application process in particular can be found further down on this page. Educational Requirements Studying is an essential component of becoming a chemist. To become a chemist, you will need to complete a formal education program that provides you with a strong foundation in chemistry, mathematics, physics, or other related sciences. Networking Opportunities To find an interesting job, you should occasionally interact with industrial chemists and make personal contacts. This is best done at scientific conferences or via the social medium Linked In, where the Organic Chemistry Portal is also represented. This gives you interesting insights and allows you to focus your job search on suitable topics and companies. On the other hand, some people already know you and under some circumstances you already have references that could be listed in the application. Acquire More Knowledge For special fields, you can deepen your knowledge beforehand in order to show off some details in job interviews. Studying a specific textbook or reading journals in the field is suitable for this purpose. In some companies, you also have to talk to chemists during the application process, who ask for some basic or detailed knowledge. Name reactions in particular can be queried. The Application Process The application process for a job vacancy can vary depending on the company and the role you are applying for, but in general, it usually involves some common steps. Click here for more details. →Application Materials：Cover Letter, Resume 1. What education background is needed for a student to become a chemist? A. Evening school of Sciences. B. Self study of chemistry. C. College education of Maths. D. High school optional course of Physics. 2. What should you do to increase the chance of finding a good job? A. Attend some job hunting fairs. B. Give detailed personal information. C. Chat with chemists via social media. D. Pursue further education in related sciences. 3. Where will you find this advertisement? A. A website. B. A magazine. C. A newspaper. D. A brochure. B The lights go down, music plays, and a young woman on a bike at the front of the class encourages students to spin faster and harder. When the lights go back on, the students on the bikes pullout their notebooks, and it’s clear that this is not Soul Cycle. Instead, it’s a first-of-its-kind business school course at Fordham University that is taught on spin bikes in a university. “It’s the first class that I mention to anybody when anybody asks me what classes I’m taking,” said Amanda Vopat, 22, a business administration major. “I think people are really excited about it.” The 75-minute, twice-weekly course is the brainchild of Jul it a Haber, a business school professor at Fordham. “I have been introducing movement and fitness in my classes for the past seven years,” she said. “I found the spin class would really allow students to exercise while a professor lectures at the same time.” The course the students are taking while cycling is no joke. Managing Professional Relationships is an upper-level business school course taken primarily by juniors and seniors. The students are fully instrumental in each class, selecting the music, leading stretches before and after class and leading the intervals during the class. Haber stops her lecture every 20 minutes throughout the class. While one student turns off the lights, another student turns up the music and a third student goes to a bike in the front of the class to lead their classmates in high-intensity interval that lasts two to three minutes, just enough to re-energize the students. “It’s a fantastic way of engaging students and as a professor, as a teacher, that’s really gratifying.” she said. “They don’t have their smartphones, and they don’t have laptops so they are physically engaged and also mentally engaged in what is being said.” The course is the first of its kind at Fordham, and Haber believes it is also a first across the United States. She has authored research on the unique classroom approach, which she calls fitness integrated learning. Donna Rapaccioli, the head of Fordham’s Gabelli School of Business, described how students were “energized” by the class and said Fordham was open to expanding it to other courses. “Definitely,” Rapaccioli answered when asked if Haber’s course represents the future of learning. 4. Why are the lights adjusted now and then during the session? A. To create a tense atmosphere. B. To warn the students to work harder. C. To remind the students of their activity. D. To call the students’ attention on notebooks. 5. What can best describe Professor Haber? A. Ambitious and smart. B. Hardworking and cheerful. C. Creative and open-minded. D. Confident and humorous. 6. What is the new course aimed at? A. Arousing the students’ interest. B. Grabbing the student’s full attention. C. Conducting a national research. D. Creating a new future of learning. 7. What was the author’s purpose in quoting Rap accioli? A. To tell the future of Haber’s course. B. To show the success of Haber’s course. C. To compare Haber’s course with others’. D. To promote the popularity of Haber’s course. C A traditional Chinese medicine has been shown to be effective at reducing complications following a heart attack after a large-scale, clinical trial. The medicine, known as tongxinluo, is made of extracts derived from seven herbs and various animals. The compound, whose name means “to open the network of the heart,” has long been used as a traditional Chinese treatment for patients who have had heart attacks and／or strokes (中风).Based on promising results in cellular (细胞的) and animal models， the State Food and Drug Administration of China approved its use for the treatment of stroke and angina pectoris—a heart condition characterized by reoccurring chest pain-in 1996. The latest study, which has been published in JAMA, represents one of the first times that a traditional Chinese medicine has been tested in a large-scale, Western-style clinical trial. The authors of the study, who include researchers from several Chinese universities and hospitals, in collaboration with experts from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center-found that tongxinluo reduced the risk of heart attacks (known as myocardial infarctions), deaths and other major cardiovascular complications for at least a year after a first heart attack. Matthew Saybolt, a cardiologist with the Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center who was not involved in the latest study, told Newsweek that he found the latest research “compelling” after reviewing the paper. “I am not aware of any other large, well-run trials like this studying traditional Chinese medicine. This is a rarely run type of study, and I congratulate the authors for their work and publication in such a prestigious medical journal,” Saybolt said. The study involved 3,777 patients at 124 clinical centers in China who had suffered the most severe form of heart attack-known as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or STEMI. Saybolt said he also observed some weaknesses in the way the study was conducted, one of which was that the participants were entirely Chinese citizens and predominantly male. “Thus the findings may not be generalizable throughout the world or to women,” he said. “Furthermore, the patients were less frequently-compared to the United States, for example-treated with traditional proven medicine after their myocardial infarctions. Therefore, the effect of the Chinese medicine may have been enlarged, by the lack of patient exposure to proven therapies. Further research will be needed to address these matters, and the benefits shown in this study would need to be copied in other populations before the treatment could get approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. 8. Why did the Chinese authority approve the use of tongxinluo? A. Because it is made of the essence from seven herbs and animals. B. Because it has already been used in traditional Chinese medicine. C. Because it has been published in Western-style journals and magazines. D. Because it has had effective results in treating patients with heart attacks and strokes. 9. What was the limitation of the study? A. The authors have only worked with one university. B. The research subjects are mainly Chinese male. C. The American patients used the unproved medicine. D. The expert Matthew Saybolt did not participate in the study. 10. What is Saybolt’s attitude towards the study? A. Objective. B. Optimistic. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful. 11. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Improvements of the study. B. Weaknesses of the study. C. Results of the study. D. Benefits of the study. D People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents (倡导者) of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 12. What will the proponents of the “nurture” theory agree with? A. Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly. B. Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor. C. Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill. D. Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood. 13. The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means . A. flexible B. rigid C. common D. new 14. Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example? A. He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society. B. He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research. C. He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support. D. He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce some theories. B. To explain a social issue. C. To solve a racial problem. D. To give further suggestions. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When I was a kid, I took traveling with my parents for granted. Sure, they paid for everything. But they were basically no different from teachers taking us to a field trip. ____16____. For example, they took us to Denali National Park instead of Disney World. And we sometimes stayed at hotels without pools. And they never let us buy anything from the SkyMall catalog (目录). Of course, some 20 years later, I consider traveling with my parents, now both in their 60s, to be the utmost privilege. ____17____. Neither am I, and every day that passes brings us closer to our last. Fortunately, since graduating college, I’ve been able to cover some serious ground with each of them. Together my dad and I have looked for the Loch Ness monster in Scotland, photographed wildlife in Grand Teton National Park, and most recently, survived the famously dangerous Drake Passage. Meanwhile, my mom and I have stayed at a $9/night treehouse hostel in Mexico, eaten at a Michelin-starred vegetarian restaurant in Vienna, and most recently, road-tripped through three states. ____18____. After all, even if you’re the apple that fell right under the tree, traveling with the people who raised you isn’t always easy. “____19____,” says Alexis Sherry, a New Jersey-based travel agent. Still, Sherry is seeing an increasing number of clients requesting vacations for more than one generation. They can be difficult to plan, but so far she says she’s had no “disasters,” and often, her clients come back closer than ever. “Our parents are our earliest attachment bonds,” says Katie d’ Autremont, a licensed professional adviser based in Bozeman, Montana. “It can be healing and fun to rekindle that bond in our adult years and as our adult selves.” She sees traveling together as the perfect opportunity for getting to know each other for who we are now, with “now” being the key word. ____20____. A. Those memories are golden B. I know they’re no longer unbeatable C. After all, as humans, we’re always evolving D. That’s not to say that all of our trips have been without flaws E. To my brothers and me, they seemed to be bent on limiting our fun F. Planning a vacation can be considerably tricky when it involves demanding parents G. There are always challenges as we are dealing with different physical abilities and interests 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mica came into my life in 2012. When I heard that a ____21____ dog had been dumped by her family at a shelter, I turned to Iske. “Look,” I said, “a dog your age, ____22____ at the shelter. Can we adopt her?” Iske’s tail thumped (击打). Her approval ____23____ a lot. After all, I may have adopted Iske, but actually she’s the one that rescued me—through a heartbreaking ____24____ and single parenthood, Iske had been my rock. ____25____, I learned from Iske, is a two-way street. And now it was time to ____26____ A few e-mails and a transport miracle later, Mica arrived. Unlike Iske, Mica had a tough time adjusting—She refused to be ____27____, walking away from all affection. She missed her family, ____28____ as it was. We loved her and hoped her heart would ____29____ enough to let us in. After a few weeks of training and bonding, I decided to take her for a short hike. She had _____30_____ her name and came when I called her, so I weighed the risk against the joy hiking might bring her. I made the decision. As soon as I took off the leash (狗绳) in the forest, she _____31_____, leaping over logs along the trail. At the lookout, she posed upon a rock and _____32_____ the layers of hills dropping away towards New Jersey and beyond. Obviously, hiking gave her joy to be _____33_____ and running free. After that, we committed ourselves to completing the highest 35 mountains in the Catskill region. It would have been amazing for any dog to hike at this level of _____34_____, but Mica bravely conquered those mountains at age twelve. From a pitiful creature on the end of a _____35_____ to barking upon the summit of Mountains, Mica’s spirit has shown me just what a miracle is. 21. A. lucky B. senior C. young D. special 22. A. reserved B. preserved C. abandoned D. accompanied 23. A. revealed B. linked C. made D. meant 24. A. breakup B. cleanup C. checkup D. backup 25 A. Agreement B. Rescue C. Adoption D. Respect 26. A. look head B. give back C. step down D. hold on 27. A. pulled B. commanded C. petted D. ignored 28. A. awful B. awesome C. familiar D. similar 29. A. swell B. hurt C. sink D. heal 30. A. loved B. learned C. forgotten D. heard 31. A. observed B. raced C. hesitated D. wandered 32. A. monitored B. occupied C. tracked D. surveyed 33. A. secure B. loose C. close D. tense 34. A. intensity B. complexity C. accuracy D. severity 35. A. chapter B. day C. street D. chain 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years,____36____ (kick) off with bricks made of moon soil, according to scientists related to the project, the local news agency reported. Ding Lieyun, ____37____ leading scientist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told local media that the first brick ____38____(make) from moon soil during the Chang’e 8 mission around 2028. China has previously said its lunar base will likely be powered by nuclear energy, and will include a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover, all of ____39____would be constructed by the Chang’e 6, 7 and 8 missions. It wasn’t immediately clear in the interview ____40____ the entire base will be built with lunar soil. “Eentually, building habitation ____41____ the Earth is essential not only for all humanity’s quest for space exploration, but also for China’s____42____ (strategy) needs as a space power,” Ding said in a separate interview. The moon is believed ____43____ (contain) a source of waste-free nuclear energy that could meet global energy demands for 250 years, meaning potentially hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of resources. Yu Dengyun, from the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, provided an____44____ (update) timeline for the next three Chang’e missions. Chang’e 6 will launch in 2025 to collect samples from the far side of the moon, Chang’e 7 will blastoff the following year to search for water-ice,____45____ Chang’e 8 should land some two years after that. 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 你校英文报正在开展学生使用拍照搜题类软件（snap-for-answers applications）的调查。请根据图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.软件使用情况描述； 2.分析该现象的原因； 3.简要谈谈你的看法。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.短文开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 As is shown in the survey conducted by our school’s English newspaper, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The summer finally came. That afternoon, the hot sun was shining brightly, making the tree leaves almost burn and making people’s bodies seem to be on fire. Having nothing interesting to do at home, I decided to go to the pool to enjoy the coolness instead of going swimming. The reason was simple — I still couldn’t swim. I was impatient, and I always failed to do something and suffered losses. So the swimming lesson was put off again and again. Upon arriving at the gym’s pool, I was greeted by a lively scene. Some people just jumped into the water, with hands entering first and the body following in a smooth motion. Some were kicking their legs rhythmically below the surface. All were happy. That was infectious, and I couldn’t help but feel deep admiration. Then I made a decision! Taking a deep breath, I followed their example, closing my eyes and jumping into the “vast water” with a plop (扑通声). At this moment, my head was pointing to the ground and my feet to the sky. When I “plopped” to the bottom, my whole body was swinging hard and my hands and feet lost their ability to feel. I just felt water rushing towards me, and my nose was filled with water. It was very terrible. Suddenly, I was hit by something. I struggled out of the light blue water bit by bit as if being dragged. “That’s horrible!” I shouted 1oudly and while I was complaining, I suddenly realized that I couldn’t swim in the first place, so why should I be shocked? Just when I decided to stay away from water, someone gently patted my shoulder and said, “Don’t be discouraged, little girl. Look, swimming requires...” The lady introduced herself as Allison. She gave me a “1ecture” on how to hold my breath, how to kick gently, and how to start with floating with the help of a swimming ring, being patient while giving me a demonstration. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Why not try one more time?” said Allison. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As the day drew to a close, I still could not swim very well. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1-5 CACAB 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 CCBAB 16-20 BCABA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 英语试卷 本试卷分四个部分。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Wash the vegetables. B. Greet the guests. C. Cut more vegetables. 2. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Librarian and student. 3. What does the man probably want the woman to do? A. Volunteer with his organization. B. Help him with some research. C. Give some money to a cause. 4. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. How often to take a car to the shop. B. How to drive a car safely. C. When to buyacar. 5. What will the man do tomorrow? A. Go out with Molly. B. Go on a business lunch. C. Go to an auto show. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What has the man been doing recently? A. Playing the violin. B. Studying for a degree. C. Working on his second book. 7. What does the woman do? A. She’s a doctor. B. She’s a writer. C. She’s a teacher. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. How is the man probably feeling recently? A. Angry. B. Confused. C. Excited. 9. Where might Charlene move? A. To a different part of the country. B. To another school in the area. C. To another country. 10. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Wait a little longer. B. Talk to Sarah about it. C. Give Charlene some advice. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Why is the girl staying at her table? A. She is getting more coffee. B. She sets her computer there. C. She thinks it’s the best place to study. 12. Why does the boy ask about the girl’s table? A. He always sits there. B. He wants to talk about history. C. He needs to charge his computer. 13. What does Mr Fallon do? A. He is a college professor. B. He is a high schoolteacher. C. He is a graduate student. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What does the woman suggest doing first? A. Getting the passport and a pen ready. B. Turning on the overhead light. C. Setting the table. 15. How does the woman help the man with his address? A. By showing him where to write it. B. By writing it on to the form. C. By sending him an email. 16. What does the woman tell the man to do with his fruit? A. Throw it away. B. Tell the officials about it. C. Hide it in his carry-on luggage. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Why was the village built? A. To give people a home. B. To attract visitors to the museum. C. To show how Cherokee Indians lived. 18. What is the local woman doing? A. Making food. B. Playing a traditional game. C. Talking about village life. 19. What may visitors be invited to do? A. Play basketball. B. Shoot with bows and arrows. C. Visit the community buildings. 20. When can visitors enjoy a special show? A. When the evening comes. B. As soon as the village opens. C. Right after the gift shop closes. 第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Jobs for Organic Chemists Welcome to the Organic Chemistry Portal Job Market! Here you can browse recent job openings worldwide, and find jobs in research and development both in industry and academia. Some tips for your career as an organic chemist and the application process in particular can be found further down on this page. Educational Requirements Studying is an essential component of becoming a chemist. To become a chemist, you will need to complete a formal education program that provides you with a strong foundation in chemistry, mathematics, physics, or other related sciences. Networking Opportunities To find an interesting job, you should occasionally interact with industrial chemists and make personal contacts. This is best done at scientific conferences or via the social medium Linked In, where the Organic Chemistry Portal is also represented. This gives you interesting insights and allows you to focus your job search on suitable topics and companies. On the other hand, some people already know you and under some circumstances you already have references that could be listed in the application. Acquire More Knowledge For special fields, you can deepen your knowledge beforehand in order to show off some details in job interviews. Studying a specific textbook or reading journals in the field is suitable for this purpose. In some companies, you also have to talk to chemists during the application process, who ask for some basic or detailed knowledge. Name reactions in particular can be queried. The Application Process The application process for a job vacancy can vary depending on the company and the role you are applying for, but in general, it usually involves some common steps. Click here for more details. →Application Materials：Cover Letter, Resume 1. What education background is needed for a student to become a chemist? A. Evening school of Sciences. B. Self study of chemistry. C College education of Maths. D. High school optional course of Physics. 2. What should you do to increase the chance of finding a good job? A. Attend some job hunting fairs. B. Give detailed personal information. C. Chat with chemists via social media. D. Pursue further education in related sciences. 3. Where will you find this advertisement? A. A website. B. A magazine. C. A newspaper. D. A brochure. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了有关有机化学家的工作机会、教育要求、网络机会、获取更多知识以及申请流程的信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Educational Requirements”下的“Studying is an essential component of becoming a chemist. To become a chemist, you will need to complete a formal education program that provides you with a strong foundation in chemistry, mathematics, physics, or other related sciences.(学习是成为一名化学家的关键要素。要想成为一名化学家，你需要完成正规的教育课程，为你提供化学、数学、物理学或其他相关科学的坚实基础)”可知，学生要成为化学家需要具有正规的大学化学、数学、物理学或其他相关科学教育背景。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Networking Opportunities”部分中“To find an interesting job, you should occasionally interact with industrial chemists and make personal contacts. This is best done at scientific conferences or via the social medium Linked In, where the Organic Chemistry Portal is also represented. This gives you interesting insights and allows you to focus your job search on suitable topics and companies. On the other hand, some people already know you and under some circumstances you already have references that could be listed in the application.(要找到一份有趣的工作，你应该偶尔与工业化学家互动，并建立个人联系。这最好在科学会议上或通过社交媒体Linked In完成，其中有机化学门户网站也有代表。这会给你带来有趣的见解，让你把求职重点放在合适的主题和公司上。另一方面，有些人已经认识你了，在某些情况下，你已经有了可以在申请中列出的参考资料)”可知，通过社交媒体与化学家聊天能增加找到好工作的机会。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根基“The Application Process”部分中的“The application process for a job vacancy can vary depending on the company and the role you are applying for, but in general, it usually involves some common steps. Click here for more details.(职位空缺的申请流程可能会因公司和你申请的职位而异，但总的来说，它通常包括一些共同的步骤。点击这里了解更多详情)”可知，只有网页才会有Click here for more details.链接，所以本文来自一个网站。故选A项。 B The lights go down, music plays, and a young woman on a bike at the front of the class encourages students to spin faster and harder. When the lights go back on, the students on the bikes pullout their notebooks, and it’s clear that this is not Soul Cycle. Instead, it’s a first-of-its-kind business school course at Fordham University that is taught on spin bikes in a university. “It’s the first class that I mention to anybody when anybody asks me what classes I’m taking,” said Amanda Vopat, 22, a business administration major. “I think people are really excited about it.” The 75-minute, twice-weekly course is the brainchild of Jul it a Haber, a business school professor at Fordham. “I have been introducing movement and fitness in my classes for the past seven years,” she said. “I found the spin class would really allow students to exercise while a professor lectures at the same time.” The course the students are taking while cycling is no joke. Managing Professional Relationships is an upper-level business school course taken primarily by juniors and seniors. The students are fully instrumental in each class, selecting the music, leading stretches before and after class and leading the intervals during the class. Haber stops her lecture every 20 minutes throughout the class. While one student turns off the lights, another student turns up the music and a third student goes to a bike in the front of the class to lead their classmates in high-intensity interval that lasts two to three minutes, just enough to re-energize the students. “It’s a fantastic way of engaging students and as a professor, as a teacher, that’s really gratifying.” she said. “They don’t have their smartphones, and they don’t have laptops so they are physically engaged and also mentally engaged in what is being said.” The course is the first of its kind at Fordham, and Haber believes it is also a first across the United States. She has authored research on the unique classroom approach, which she calls fitness integrated learning. Donna Rapaccioli, the head of Fordham’s Gabelli School of Business, described how students were “energized” by the class and said Fordham was open to expanding it to other courses. “Definitely,” Rapaccioli answered when asked if Haber’s course represents the future of learning. 4. Why are the lights adjusted now and then during the session? A. To create a tense atmosphere. B. To warn the students to work harder. C. To remind the students of their activity. D. To call the students’ attention on notebooks. 5 What can best describe Professor Haber? A. Ambitious and smart. B. Hardworking and cheerful. C. Creative and open-minded. D. Confident and humorous. 6. What is the new course aimed at? A. Arousing the students’ interest. B. Grabbing the student’s full attention. C. Conducting a national research. D. Creating a new future of learning. 7. What was the author’s purpose in quoting Rap accioli? A To tell the future of Haber’s course. B. To show the success of Haber’s course. C. To compare Haber’s course with others’. D. To promote the popularity of Haber’s course. 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了福特汉姆大学开设的一项创新业务学校课程，该课程在自行车上进行，名为“管理职业关系”。该课程由教授Julita Haber提出，旨在通过让学生在上课时骑自行车的方式，同时锻炼身体和学习知识。学生们在课程中积极参与，选择音乐、进行伸展运动和高强度间歇训练。这种教学方式不仅使学生身体得到锻炼，还提高了他们的学习专注度和参与度，被认为是一种创新和有效的教学方法。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The lights go down, music plays, and a young woman on a bike at the front of the class encourages students to spin faster and harder. When the lights go back on, the students on the bikes pullout their notebooks (灯光熄灭，音乐响起，教室前面骑着自行车的年轻女子鼓励学生们更快更用力地让车轮旋转。当灯重新亮起时，骑自行车的学生拿出他们的笔记本)”可知，灯光熄灭时，教室里的学生开始用力踩踏板，让自行车飞快旋转，灯光重新亮起时，学生拿出他们的笔记本上课。这说明课堂上不时调整灯光是为了提醒学生他们应该开始何种活动。故选C项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Instead, it’s a first-of-its-kind business school course at Fordham University that is taught on spin bikes in a university.(相反，这是福特汉姆大学商学院开设的首个此类课程，在大学里骑着动感单车上课)”、第三段中“The 75-minute, twice-weekly course is the brainchild of Julit a Haber, a business school professor at Fordham.(这门每周两次、每次75分钟的课程是福特汉姆商学院教授茱莉特•哈伯(Julit a Haber)的创意)”和第七段中“The course is the first of its kind at Fordham, and Haber believes it is also a first across the United States. She has authored research on the unique classroom approach, which she calls fitness integrated learning.(这是福特汉姆大学开设的首个此类课程，哈伯认为这在全美也是首创。她撰写了关于独特课堂方法的研究，她称之为健身综合学习)”可推知，哈伯教授她引入了一种独特而创新的方式，将体育锻炼与学术学习结合起来，在动感单车上教授商学院课程。这表明了她的创造力(creative)和对新的和非传统的教育方法的开放态度(open-minded)。故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中哈伯教授的话“It’s a fantastic way of engaging students and as a professor, as a teacher, that’s really gratifying.(这是一种吸引学生的奇妙方式，作为一名教授，作为一名老师，这真的很令人满意)”和“They don’t have their smartphones, and they don’t have laptops so they are physically engaged and also mentally engaged in what is being said.(他们没有智能手机，也没有笔记本电脑，所以他们既在身体上，也在精神上也投入到学习和锻炼中)”可推知，这一门新课程的目标是吸引学生的全部注意力，让他们投入到学习中。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Donna Rapaccioli, the head of Fordham’s Gabelli School of Business, described how students were “energized” by the class and said Fordham was open to expanding it to other courses. “Definitely,” Rapaccioli answered when asked if Haber’s course represents the future of learning.(福特汉姆大学加贝利商学院院长唐娜•拉帕乔利(Donna Rapaccioli)描述了学生们是如何被这门课程“激励”的，并表示福特汉姆大学愿意将其扩展到其他课程。当被问及哈伯的课程是否代表了学习的未来时，拉帕乔利回答说：“当然。”)”可知，拉帕乔利的话表明她对这一新课程的认可，证明了哈伯课程的成功。故选B项。 C A traditional Chinese medicine has been shown to be effective at reducing complications following a heart attack after a large-scale, clinical trial. The medicine, known as tongxinluo, is made of extracts derived from seven herbs and various animals. The compound, whose name means “to open the network of the heart,” has long been used as a traditional Chinese treatment for patients who have had heart attacks and／or strokes (中风).Based on promising results in cellular (细胞的) and animal models， the State Food and Drug Administration of China approved its use for the treatment of stroke and angina pectoris—a heart condition characterized by reoccurring chest pain-in 1996. The latest study, which has been published in JAMA, represents one of the first times that a traditional Chinese medicine has been tested in a large-scale, Western-style clinical trial. The authors of the study, who include researchers from several Chinese universities and hospitals, in collaboration with experts from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center-found that tongxinluo reduced the risk of heart attacks (known as myocardial infarctions), deaths and other major cardiovascular complications for at least a year after a first heart attack. Matthew Saybolt, a cardiologist with the Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center who was not involved in the latest study, told Newsweek that he found the latest research “compelling” after reviewing the paper. “I am not aware of any other large, well-run trials like this studying traditional Chinese medicine. This is a rarely run type of study, and I congratulate the authors for their work and publication in such a prestigious medical journal,” Saybolt said. The study involved 3,777 patients at 124 clinical centers in China who had suffered the most severe form of heart attack-known as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or STEMI. Saybolt said he also observed some weaknesses in the way the study was conducted, one of which was that the participants were entirely Chinese citizens and predominantly male. “Thus the findings may not be generalizable throughout the world or to women,” he said. “Furthermore, the patients were less frequently-compared to the United States, for example-treated with traditional proven medicine after their myocardial infarctions. Therefore, the effect of the Chinese medicine may have been enlarged, by the lack of patient exposure to proven therapies. Further research will be needed to address these matters, and the benefits shown in this study would need to be copied in other populations before the treatment could get approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. 8. Why did the Chinese authority approve the use of tongxinluo? A. Because it is made of the essence from seven herbs and animals. B. Because it has already been used in traditional Chinese medicine. C. Because it has been published in Western-style journals and magazines. D. Because it has had effective results in treating patients with heart attacks and strokes. 9. What was the limitation of the study? A. The authors have only worked with one university. B. The research subjects are mainly Chinese male. C. The American patients used the unproved medicine. D. The expert Matthew Saybolt did not participate in the study. 10. What is Saybolt’s attitude towards the study? A. Objective. B. Optimistic. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful. 11. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Improvements of the study. B. Weaknesses of the study. C. Results of the study. D. Benefits of the study. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中药“通心络”的相关内容。该药已被中国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗中风和心绞痛，最近的一项研究发现它还可以降低心脏病发作后的死亡和其他主要心血管并发症的风险，但这项研究也存在一些局限性。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Based on promising results in cellular(细胞的)and animal models, the State Food and Drug Administration of China approved its use for the treatment of stroke and angina pectoris—a heart condition characterized by reoccurring chest pain-in 1996. (基于在细胞和动物模型上的有希望的结果，中国国家食品药品监督管理局于 1996 年批准其用于治疗中风和心绞痛——一种以反复发作的胸痛为特征的心脏病。)”可知，中国当局批准使用通心络是因为它在治疗中风和心绞痛方面有显著效果。故选 D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Saybolt said he also observed some weaknesses in the way the study was conducted, one of which was that the participants were entirely Chinese citizens and predominantly male. (Saybolt 说，他还观察到这项研究进行方式的一些弱点，其中之一是参与者完全是中国公民，而且主要是男性。)”可知，这项研究的局限性之一是参与者主要是中国男性。故选 B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Matthew Saybolt, a cardiologist with the Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center who was not involved in the latest study, told Newsweek that he found the latest research “compelling” after reviewing the paper. “I am not aware of any other large, well-run trials like this studying traditional Chinese medicine. This is a rarely run type of study, and I congratulate the authors for their work and publication in such a prestigious medical journal,” Saybolt said. (哈肯萨克子午线泽西海岸大学医学中心心脏病专家马修·萨博尔特（Matthew Saybolt）没有参与最新的研究，他在接受《新闻周刊》采访时表示，在审查了这篇论文后，他发现最新的研究“很有说服力”。“我不知道还有其他类似的研究中药的大型、运行良好的试验。这是一种很少进行的研究类型，我祝贺作者们的工作和在如此有声望的医学杂志上发表。”)”可知，Saybolt 对这项研究的评价是积极的，他认为这是一项罕见的研究，并祝贺作者在如此有声望的医学杂志上发表。由此推知，Saybolt 对这项研究的态度是客观的。故选 A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Further research will be needed to address these matters, and the benefits shown in this study would need to be copied in other populations before the treatment could get approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. (需要进一步的研究来解决这些问题，并且在这种治疗方法得到美国食品和药物管理局的批准之前，需要在其他人群中复制这项研究中显示的益处。)”可知，最后一段主要是关于这项研究的改进方向。故选 A。 D People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents (倡导者) of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 12. What will the proponents of the “nurture” theory agree with? A. Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly. B. Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor. C. Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill. D. Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood. 13. The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means . A. flexible B. rigid C. common D. new 14. Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example? A. He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society. B. He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research. C. He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support. D. He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce some theories. B. To explain a social issue. C. To solve a racial problem. D. To give further suggestions. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了人的性格和行为模式是如何形成的，是什么决定了每个人的性格行为与他人不同。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.”（“先天”理论的支持者，或者通常被称为行为主义者，认为我们的环境比我们基于生物的本能更重要，决定我们将如何行动。）可知，养育理论的支持者认为环境对我们的行为影响更大。因此，彼得喜欢茶是因为他的母亲从小就给他喝茶，这符合“先天”理论的观点。故选D。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.”（他们坚持认为，像机器一样，人们以对环境刺激的反应是行为的基础。）可知，行为主义者认为人的行为反应像机器一样，推测划线单词mechanistic意为“刚性的，机械的”。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.”（例如，在美国，黑人在标准化智力测试中的得分通常低于白人。这使得一些“先天”理论的支持者得出结论，黑人在基因上劣于白人。相反，行为主义者说，分数的差异是因为黑人常常被剥夺白人享有的许多教育和其他环境优势，因此，他们没有发展出与白人相同的反应。）可知，作者引用美国黑人作为例子是为了展示这些理论如何深刻影响社会。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents (倡导者) of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”.”（前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种截然不同的思想流派。正如人们所预料的那样，这两种方法彼此非常不同，每种理论的支持者之间都有大量的争论。这种争议通常被方便地称为“先天/后天”。）可知，本文的目的是介绍一些理论。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When I was a kid, I took traveling with my parents for granted. Sure, they paid for everything. But they were basically no different from teachers taking us to a field trip. ____16____. For example, they took us to Denali National Park instead of Disney World. And we sometimes stayed at hotels without pools. And they never let us buy anything from the SkyMall catalog (目录). Of course, some 20 years later, I consider traveling with my parents, now both in their 60s, to be the utmost privilege. ____17____. Neither am I, and every day that passes brings us closer to our last. Fortunately, since graduating college, I’ve been able to cover some serious ground with each of them. Together my dad and I have looked for the Loch Ness monster in Scotland, photographed wildlife in Grand Teton National Park, and most recently, survived the famously dangerous Drake Passage. Meanwhile, my mom and I have stayed at a $9/night treehouse hostel in Mexico, eaten at a Michelin-starred vegetarian restaurant in Vienna, and most recently, road-tripped through three states. ____18____. After all, even if you’re the apple that fell right under the tree, traveling with the people who raised you isn’t always easy. “____19____,” says Alexis Sherry, a New Jersey-based travel agent. Still, Sherry is seeing an increasing number of clients requesting vacations for more than one generation. They can be difficult to plan, but so far she says she’s had no “disasters,” and often, her clients come back closer than ever. “Our parents are our earliest attachment bonds,” says Katie d’ Autremont, a licensed professional adviser based in Bozeman, Montana. “It can be healing and fun to rekindle that bond in our adult years and as our adult selves.” She sees traveling together as the perfect opportunity for getting to know each other for who we are now, with “now” being the key word. ____20____. A. Those memories are golden B. I know they’re no longer unbeatable C. After all, as humans, we’re always evolving D. That’s not to say that all of our trips have been without flaws E. To my brothers and me, they seemed to be bent on limiting our fun F. Planning a vacation can be considerably tricky when it involves demanding parents G. There are always challenges as we are dealing with different physical abilities and interests 【答案】16. E 17. B 18. D 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是记叙文。作者回忆了和父亲一起在苏格兰寻找尼斯湖水怪，拍摄野生动物，还一起渡过了危险的德雷克海峡；他和母亲一起住在墨西哥的树屋旅馆，品尝维也纳的米其林星级素食餐厅，还一起穿越了三个州。作者认为，即使有时候和父母一起旅行并不容易，但这是一种重新建立联系的好机会。 【16题详解】 根据上文“When I was a kid, I took traveling with my parents for granted.（当我还是个孩子的时候，我认为和父母一起旅行是理所当然的。）”以及下文“For example, they took us to Denali National Park instead of Disney World. And we sometimes stayed at hotels without pools. And they never let us buy anything from the SkyMall catalog(目录).（例如，他们带我们去德纳利国家公园而不是迪士尼世界。我们有时住在没有游泳池的酒店。他们从不允许我们从《空中商城目录》上买任何东西。）”可知，父母的一些行为在作者小时候看来是限制了自己的乐趣，与 E 项“To my brothers and me, they seemed to be bent on limiting our fun（对我和我的兄弟们来说，他们似乎一心想要限制我们的乐趣）”表达的意思一致，故选E项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Of course, some 20 years later, I consider traveling with my parents, now both in their 60s,to be the utmost privilege.（当然，大约 20 年后，我认为和现在都 60 多岁的父母一起旅行是最大的荣幸。）”以及下文“Neither am I, and every day that passes brings us closer to our last.（我也不是，每过一天，我们就离最后一天更近一步。）”可知，作者意识到父母不再是不可战胜的，与 B 项“I know they’re no longer unbeatable（我知道他们不再是不可战胜的）”表达的意思一致，故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据下文“After all, even if you’re the apple that fell right under the tree, traveling with the people who raised you isn’t always easy.（毕竟，即使你是正好掉在树下的苹果，和养育你的人一起旅行并不总是容易的。）”可知，作者是想说和父母旅行并不都是完美的，与D项“That’s not to say that all of our trips have been without flaws（这并不是说我们所有的旅行都没有缺陷）”表达的意思一致，故选D项。 【19题详解】 根据空前一句提到的“traveling with the people who raised you isn't always easy（和养育你的人一起旅行并不总是容易的）”，以及下文提到的“Her clients come back closer than ever（她的客户回来后比以往任何时候都要亲密）”，可知，旅行中虽然有挑战，但也有可能增进关系，G选项“There are always challenges as we are dealing with different physical abilities and interests（我们在应对不同的身体能力和兴趣时总会遇到挑战）”符合语境，既说明了旅行中的挑战，又与后文的积极结果形成对比，故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“She sees traveling together as the perfect opportunity for getting to know each other for who we are now, with “now” being the key word.（她认为一起旅行是一个完美的机会，让我们了解彼此现在的样子，“现在”是关键词。）”可知，因为现在是关键，所以作为人类，我们总是在不断发展变化的，与C项“After all, as humans, we’re always evolving（毕竟，作为人类，我们总是在不断进化）”表达的意思一致，故选C项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mica came into my life in 2012. When I heard that a ____21____ dog had been dumped by her family at a shelter, I turned to Iske. “Look,” I said, “a dog your age, ____22____ at the shelter. Can we adopt her?” Iske’s tail thumped (击打). Her approval ____23____ a lot. After all, I may have adopted Iske, but actually she’s the one that rescued me—through a heartbreaking ____24____ and single parenthood, Iske had been my rock. ____25____, I learned from Iske, is a two-way street. And now it was time to ____26____ A few e-mails and a transport miracle later, Mica arrived. Unlike Iske, Mica had a tough time adjusting—She refused to be ____27____, walking away from all affection. She missed her family, ____28____ as it was. We loved her and hoped her heart would ____29____ enough to let us in. After a few weeks of training and bonding, I decided to take her for a short hike. She had _____30_____ her name and came when I called her, so I weighed the risk against the joy hiking might bring her. I made the decision. As soon as I took off the leash (狗绳) in the forest, she _____31_____, leaping over logs along the trail. At the lookout, she posed upon a rock and _____32_____ the layers of hills dropping away towards New Jersey and beyond. Obviously, hiking gave her joy to be _____33_____ and running free. After that, we committed ourselves to completing the highest 35 mountains in the Catskill region. It would have been amazing for any dog to hike at this level of _____34_____, but Mica bravely conquered those mountains at age twelve. From a pitiful creature on the end of a _____35_____ to barking upon the summit of Mountains, Mica’s spirit has shown me just what a miracle is. 21. A. lucky B. senior C. young D. special 22. A. reserved B. preserved C. abandoned D. accompanied 23. A. revealed B. linked C. made D. meant 24. A. breakup B. cleanup C. checkup D. backup 25. A. Agreement B. Rescue C. Adoption D. Respect 26. A. look head B. give back C. step down D. hold on 27. A. pulled B. commanded C. petted D. ignored 28. A. awful B. awesome C. familiar D. similar 29. A. swell B. hurt C. sink D. heal 30. A. loved B. learned C. forgotten D. heard 31. A. observed B. raced C. hesitated D. wandered 32. A. monitored B. occupied C. tracked D. surveyed 33. A. secure B. loose C. close D. tense 34. A. intensity B. complexity C. accuracy D. severity 35. A. chapter B. day C. street D. chain 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者收养了一只年老的被遗弃的狗Mica，在作者精心的照顾下，Mica从一条可怜的动物，变成了一条山顶上狂吠的故事。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我听说一只年老的狗被她的家人遗弃在收容所时，我转向Iske。A. lucky幸运的；B. senior年老的；C. young年轻的；D. special特殊的。根据下文中的“but Mica bravely conquered those mountains at age twelve.”可知，在Mica12岁的时候征服了这些山脉，由此可知，此处指的是一只“年老的”狗。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“看，”我说，“一只和你一样大的狗，被遗弃在收容所。A. reserved预订；B. preserved保存；C. abandoned遗弃；D. accompanied陪伴。根据上文中的“When I heard that a ____1____ dog had been dumped by her family at a shelter”可知，一条年老的狗被遗弃在收容所，由此可知，此处指的是被“遗弃”的，符合语境。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的赞同意义重大。A. revealed揭露；B. linked连接；C. made制造；D. meant意味着。根据下文中的“After all, I may have adopted Iske, but actually she’s the one that rescued me—through a heartbreaking ____4____ and single parenthood, Iske had been my rock.”可知，Iske也是被作者收养的，但是Iske也救过作者，由此可知推断，此处指的是Iske同意收养Mica意义重大，所以此处使用“意味着”符合语境。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，我可能是收养了Iske，但实际上是她拯救了我——经历了令人心碎的分手和单亲家庭，Iske一直是我的基石。A. breakup分手，解散；B. cleanup清除；C. checkup检查；D. backup备份。根据下文中的“and single parenthood”可知，作者经历单亲家庭，由此可推断，此处指的是作者经历了“分手”这样令人心碎的事情，符合语境。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从Iske身上学到，救援是一条双行道。A. Agreement同意；B. Rescue援救；C. Adoption收养，采纳；D. Respect尊敬。根据上文中的“but actually she’s the one that rescued me”可知，作者收养了Iske，实际上Iske也救过作者，由此可知，此处指的是“救援”符合语境。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在是时候回报了。A. look head向前看；B. give back回报，归还；C. step down向下走；D. hold on坚持。根据上文中的“After all, I may have adopted Iske, but actually she’s the one that rescued me”可知，Iske救过作者，结合上文中的““Look,” I said, “a dog your age, ____2____ at the shelter. Can we adopt her?””可知，现在Mica需要收养，由此可推断，此处指的是作者认为到了该“回报”的时候了。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与Iske不同的是，Mica经历了一段艰难的时期——她拒绝被爱抚，远离所有的爱。A. pulled拉，拽；B. commanded命令；C. petted爱抚；D. ignored忽视。根据下文中的“walking away from all affection.”可知，Mica远离所有的爱，由此可知，此处指的是Mica拒绝被“爱抚”符合语境。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她想念她的家人，尽管这很可怕。A. awful令人讨厌的；B. awesome让人惊叹的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. similar相似的。根据上文中的“a ____1____ dog had been dumped by her family at a shelter”可知，一只年老的狗被她的家人遗弃在收容所，由此可知，此处指的是尽管这家人是“令人讨厌的”，但是她还想念他们。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们爱她，希望她的心能痊愈，让我们进入她的心。A. swell肿胀；B. hurt伤害；C. sink寸沉；D. heal治愈。根据语境和下文中的“enough to let us in.”可知，Mica的家人把她遗弃，这让Mica的心受到伤害，由此可知，此处指的是作者希望Mica的信能尽快的“痊愈”以至于可以让作者他们进入她的心。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她已经记住了她的名字，我叫她的时候她就来了，所以我权衡了徒步旅行可能给她带来的快乐和风险。A. loved爱；B. learned记住，学会；C. forgotten忘记；D. heard听见。根据下文中的“and came when I called her”可知，Mica听到作者喊她，她就会过来，由此可知，Mica应该是“记住”了她的名字。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在森林里，我一解开狗绳，她就跑起来，沿着小路跳过原木。A. observed观察；B. raced快速移动；C. hesitated犹豫；D. wandered漫游。根据下文中的“leaping over logs along the trail.”可知，作者一放开狗绳，Mica就跳过原木，由此可推断，此处指的是Mica跑起来，也就是“快速移动”。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在瞭望台，她在一块岩石上摆好姿势，眺望着向新泽西和更远的地方延伸的一层层小山。A. monitored监视；B. occupied占据；C. tracked跟踪；D. surveyed审视，查看。根据常识和上文中的“At the lookout, she posed upon a rock”可知，Mica站在瞭望塔，摆好了姿势，“审视”着远方，符合语境。故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，徒步旅行给了她放松的自由奔跑的乐趣。A. secure安全的；B. loose放松的；C. close近的；D. tense紧张的。根据下文中的“and running free.”可知，Mica自由的奔跑，由此可知，此处指的是徒步旅行使Mica感到“放松的”符合语境。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于任何一只狗来说，以这样的强度徒步旅行都是令人惊叹的，但Mica在12岁时勇敢地征服了这些山脉。A. intensity强度；B. complexity复杂性；C. accuracy准确性；D. severity严重性。根据上文中的“we committed ourselves to completing the highest 35 mountains in the Catskill region.”可知，作者要完成卡茨基尔地区最高的35座山，结合下文中的“but Mica bravely conquered those mountains at age twelve.”可知，Mica在12岁时勇敢地征服那些山，由此可知，此处指的是徒步旅行的“强度”符合语境。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从一个链条末端的可怜生物到在山顶上吠叫，米卡的精神向我展示了奇迹是什么。A. chapter章节；B. day日子；C. street街道；D. chain链条。根据语境以及下文中的“Mica’s spirit has shown me just what a miracle is.”可知，此处讲述的是一只被收养的被人遗弃的年老的狗完成的壮举，所以此处指的“链子”的末端，符合语境。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years,____36____ (kick) off with bricks made of moon soil, according to scientists related to the project, the local news agency reported. Ding Lieyun, ____37____ leading scientist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told local media that the first brick ____38____(make) from moon soil during the Chang’e 8 mission around 2028. China has previously said its lunar base will likely be powered by nuclear energy, and will include a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover, all of ____39____would be constructed by the Chang’e 6, 7 and 8 missions. It wasn’t immediately clear in the interview ____40____ the entire base will be built with lunar soil. “Eentually, building habitation ____41____ the Earth is essential not only for all humanity’s quest for space exploration, but also for China’s____42____ (strategy) needs as a space power,” Ding said in a separate interview. The moon is believed ____43____ (contain) a source of waste-free nuclear energy that could meet global energy demands for 250 years, meaning potentially hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of resources. Yu Dengyun, from the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, provided an____44____ (update) timeline for the next three Chang’e missions. Chang’e 6 will launch in 2025 to collect samples from the far side of the moon, Chang’e 7 will blastoff the following year to search for water-ice,____45____ Chang’e 8 should land some two years after that. 【答案】36. kicking 37. a 38. would be made 39. which 40. if##whether 41. beyond##outside 42. strategic 43. to contain 44. updated 45. and 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国计划在大约四年内开始在月球上建造一个月球基地，该计划将以月球土壤制成的砖块作为开端。 【36题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：据当地新闻机构报道，与该项目的科学家表示，中国计划在大约四年内开始建造月球基地，并将以月球土壤制成的砖块为开端。分析句子结构可知，kick off在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，它和“China plans to start building a lunar base in about four years”之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语，故填kicking。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：华中科技大学首席科学家丁烈云在接受当地媒体采访时表示，第一块砖将在2028年左右的嫦娥8号任务期间从月球土壤中制成。 scientist 为可数名词，leading是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词a，故填a。 【38题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：华中科技大学首席科学家丁烈云在接受当地媒体采访时表示，第一块砖将在2028年左右的嫦娥8号任务期间从月球土壤中制成。make是谓语动词，它和“the first brick”之间为被动关系，并且make的动作发生在told 之后，则用过去将来时的被动语态“would be done”，故填would be made。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：中国此前曾表示，其月球基地可能由核能供电，包括着陆器、料斗、轨道器和月球车，所有这些都将由嫦娥6号、7号和8号任务建造。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，“a lander, hopper, orbiter and rover”是先行词，它在从句中作宾语，指物，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。 【40题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：在采访中，目前还不清楚整个基地是否会用月球土壤建造。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，需要的词义为“是否”，使用连词if或whethe，故填if或whether。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：丁在一次单独的采访中说：“最终，在地球外部建造居住地不仅对人类追求太空探索至关重要，而且对中国作为太空大国的战略需求也至关重要。”根据句意的需要可知，此处应该填入介词，表示“在……之外”，可以使用beyond或outside，故填beyond或outside。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：丁在一次单独的采访中说：“最终，在地球外部建造居住地不仅对人类追求太空探索至关重要，而且对中国作为太空大国的战略需求也至关重要。”此处需填入形容词作定语修饰needs，需要的词义为“战略的”，即strategic，故填strategic。 【43题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：据信，月球上蕴藏着一种无废料的核能资源，可以满足全球250年的能源需求，这意味着潜在价值数千亿美元的资源。be believed to do表示“被认为做某事”，故填to contain。 【44题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：来自中国航天科技集团公司的于登云提供了未来三次嫦娥任务的最新时间表。update和timeline之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作定语，需要的词义为“最新的”，即updated，故填updated。 【45题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：嫦娥六号将于2025年发射，从月球背面收集样本，嫦娥七号将于次年发射，寻找水冰，嫦娥八号将在两年后着陆。根据“provided an...( update) timeline for the next three Chang’e missions”可知，“Chang’e 6”和“Chang’e 7”以及“Chang’e 8”是并列关系，使用并列连词and来连接，故填and。 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 你校英文报正在开展学生使用拍照搜题类软件（snap-for-answers applications）的调查。请根据图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.软件使用情况描述； 2.分析该现象的原因； 3.简要谈谈你的看法。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.短文开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 As is shown in the survey conducted by our school’s English newspaper, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As is shown in the survey conducted by our school’s English newspaper, the usage of snap-for-answers applications is on the rise among high school students, with 40% of freshmen, 60% of sophomores, and 80% of seniors using them. This trend can be attributed to the increasing academic pressure and the convenience offered by these apps. Additionally, some students may lack the necessary study support, leading them to rely on these tools. In my view, while they can be helpful for quick reference, overreliance on them may discourage deep learning and critical thinking skills. Therefore, we should use these tools wisely, balancing their benefits with the need for independent study. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表类作文。校英文报正在开展学生使用拍照搜题类软件的调查。要求考生根据图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 增加：on the rise → on the increase 另外：additionally → in addition/besides 依赖：rely on → depend on 我认为：in one's view→from one's point of view 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Additionally, some students may lack the necessary study support, leading them to rely on these tools. 拓展句：Additionally, some students may lack the necessary study support, which leads them to rely on these tools. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This trend can be attributed to the increasing academic pressure and the convenience offered by these apps.(运用了过去分词短语作后置状语) [高分句型2] Therefore, we should use these tools wisely, balancing their benefits with the need for independent study. (运用了现在分词作伴随状语) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The summer finally came. That afternoon, the hot sun was shining brightly, making the tree leaves almost burn and making people’s bodies seem to be on fire. Having nothing interesting to do at home, I decided to go to the pool to enjoy the coolness instead of going swimming. The reason was simple — I still couldn’t swim. I was impatient, and I always failed to do something and suffered losses. So the swimming lesson was put off again and again. Upon arriving at the gym’s pool, I was greeted by a lively scene. Some people just jumped into the water, with hands entering first and the body following in a smooth motion. Some were kicking their legs rhythmically below the surface. All were happy. That was infectious, and I couldn’t help but feel deep admiration. Then I made a decision! Taking a deep breath, I followed their example, closing my eyes and jumping into the “vast water” with a plop (扑通声). At this moment, my head was pointing to the ground and my feet to the sky. When I “plopped” to the bottom, my whole body was swinging hard and my hands and feet lost their ability to feel. I just felt water rushing towards me, and my nose was filled with water. It was very terrible. Suddenly, I was hit by something. I struggled out of the light blue water bit by bit as if being dragged. “That’s horrible!” I shouted 1oudly, and while I was complaining, I suddenly realized that I couldn’t swim in the first place, so why should I be shocked? Just when I decided to stay away from water, someone gently patted my shoulder and said, “Don’t be discouraged, little girl. Look, swimming requires...” The lady introduced herself as Allison. She gave me a “1ecture” on how to hold my breath, how to kick gently, and how to start with floating with the help of a swimming ring, being patient while giving me a demonstration. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “Why not try one more time?” said Allison. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As the day drew to a close, I still could not swim very well. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Version 1: “Why not try one more time?” said Allison. Her words echoed in my mind, and I found myself nodding in agreement. After all, I had come here with a purpose — to learn how to swim. So why give up now? With renewed determination, I took a deep breath and prepared to give it another go. This time, I focused on her instructions and tried to mimic her movements as closely as possible. Surprisingly, I was able to stay afloat for a few seconds longer than before. Progress, however small, was still progress. As the day drew to a close, I still could not swim very well. But I didn’t feel defeated or discouraged. Instead, I felt a sense of accomplishment and pride. After all, I had taken the first step towards overcoming my fear of water and learning a new skill. And even though I wasn’t quite there yet, I knew that with practice and patience, I would eventually get it. Besides, today had been more than just about learning how to swim. It had also been about finding the courage to face my fears and trying something new. And for that, I was grateful to Allison and the encouragement she had given me. Version 2: “Why not try one more time?” said Allison. She smiled at me encouragingly, her eyes filled with warmth and confidence. “You can do it, girl. I know it seems scary, but with the right techniques and some practice, you’ll be swimming like a fish in no time.” She handed me a swimming ring and gently guided me back to the shallow end of the pool. Together, we began the slow process of teaching me to float and then, eventually, to swim. As the day drew to a close, I still could not swim very well. But I had made progress, and that was what mattered. I could now float comfortably with the help of the swimming ring, and my kicks were becoming more coordinated. Allison praised me for my efforts and told me to keep practicing. She knew that with time and dedication, I would overcome my fears and learn to swim. And so, with a renewed sense of determination, I bid farewell to the pool that day, knowing that my journey to becoming a confident swimmer had just begun. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述作者在这个炎热的夏季我决定去游泳池享受凉爽，被游泳池的热闹景象所感染，决定去学习游泳，当跳进水里的时候作者感到了恐惧，在作者决定放弃的时候，一位叫艾利森的女士鼓励作者不要放弃并教作者如何游泳。 【详解】①由第一段首句内容“‘为什么不再试一次呢?’艾利森说。”可知，本段可描写作者决定继续尝试，按照艾利森所教的方法、模仿她的动作继续学习游泳。 ②由第二段首句内容“当这一天接近尾声时，我仍然不能很好地游泳。”可知，本段可以描写作者尽管没有很好学会游泳，但是感到自豪，因为作者能够鼓起勇气面对恐惧，尝试新事物。 2. 续写线索：决定继续——反复练习——有所进步——并不气馁——收获与感悟——感谢鼓励 3. 词类激活 行为类 ①克服：overcome/get over ②放弃：give up/quit ③面对，正视：face/confront 情绪类 ①感到沮丧、泄气：feel discouraged/feel frustrated ②感激：grateful/thankful 【点睛】【高分句型1】After all, I had taken the first step towards overcoming my fear of water and learning a new skill. (运用了动名词短语作宾语) 【高分句型2】And for that, I was grateful to Allison and the encouragement she had given me. (运用了省略关系代词的限制性定语从句) 听力1-5 CACAB 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 CCBAB 16-20 BCABA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$