暑假作业06 形容词、副词-【暑假分层作业】2024年八年级英语暑假培优练（牛津译林版）

完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业06 形容词、副词 形容词、副词的比较等级 1、 形容词、副词比较等级的构成 1.规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词　 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large later larger latest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词　 在原级前加more,most careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/ill worse worst little less least far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度) old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的) 二、形容词、副词原级的用法 1.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A+as+形容词原级+as+B”。 (2)否定句中的结构:“A...+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”。 He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.他认为汉语没有英语有趣。 (3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍及以上:基数词+times)。如: Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。 (4)half as+形容词原级+as表示“……是……的一半”。如: Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你房间的一半大。 三、形容词、副词比较级的用法 1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+be+比较级+than+B”。 2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a great deal,a lot,much,even,still,far,any等修饰形容词时,该形容词可以用比较级。 3.表示两者之间进行选择,“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。 4.表示“几倍……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如:Your room is three times bigger than mine.你的房间比我的大两倍。 5.表示“两者之间比较……的一个”时,常用“主语+be+the+比较级+of the two...”结构。如: 6.表示“越来越……”时用“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时,用“more and more+形容词原级” 7.表示“越……,越……”时,用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。如:The more,the better.越多越好。 四、形容词、副词最高级的用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前常加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。 2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。 3.表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如: 4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。 5.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。 Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是他班上最高的学生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比他班上其他所有的学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何人都高。 =No one is taller than Li Lei in his class.在班里没有人比李雷高。 =Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class.李雷比班里其他任何学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the rest of the students in his class.李雷比他班里其余的学生都高。 1.(2023苏州)Our country has a 　　　(骄傲的) record of sporting achievements.  答案　proud　考查形容词。此处为形容词修饰名词，根据汉语提示可知填proud。 2.(2023扬州)Follow these tips， and you can enjoy your summer 　　　　.(safe)  答案　safely　考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词enjoy， 应为副词，故填safely。 3.(2023苏州)Although I’ve met her only once or t　　　， I can tell that she has a strong personality.  答案　twice　考查副词。根据空前的once“一次”和并列连词or可知，此处也是次数，结合首字母提示可知，空处填twice。 4.(2023宿迁)Hongze Lake wetland is a 　　　　　(the best) place for some wild birds.  答案　perfect　the best 意为“最好的”，与perfect同义，perfect本身具有最高级的含义，设空处应填原形。故填perfect。 5.(2022连云港)With the help of the map， students found their way to the park 　　　(容易地).  答案　easily　考查副词的用法。用副词修饰动词found，故填easily。 6.(2022苏州)It’s necessary for teenagers to learn how to spend their pocket money 　　　　　(明智地).  答案　wisely　考查副词的用法。设空处修饰前面的动词spend，应用副词形式，故填wisely。 7.(2022宿迁)—Many students in our class like James because he never gets angry easily. —I agree with you. He is very 　　　　　　(有耐心的).  答案　patient　考查形容词的用法。根据所给提示以及is可知应填形容词作表语，故填patient。 8.(2022泰州)Audiobooks(有声读物) are so welcome that the number of the listeners is increasing 　　　　　　(rapid).  答案　rapidly　考查副词的用法。根据空格前的increasing可知设空处应用提示词的副词形式，故填rapidly。 考点二　形容词和副词的词义辨析 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.(2023无锡)Dressing up as a ghost is 　　　unusual in our culture. People think it will bring bad luck.  A.hardly　　　　 B.hard C.highly　　　　 D.high 答案　C　考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不;hard努力地;highly非常;high在高处。由“People think it will bring bad luck.”可知，扮鬼在我们的文化中是非常不常见的。highly符合语境。故选C。 2.(2023扬州)—I like your teapot. It has a very funny but interesting shape. —Thank you. It’s a work of art， but it is also 　　　for tea making.  A.natural B.practical C.equal　　　　 D.general 答案　B　考查形容词。natural 自然的;practical有用的;equal平等的;general总体的。根据空后的for tea making可知，此处是说这个茶壶对泡茶来说很有用，故选B。 3.(2023徐州)Mum opened the door 　　　because she didn’t want to wake up her baby.  A.angrily　　　　 B.loudly C.quickly　　　　 D.quietly 答案　D　考查副词辨析。angrily生气地;loudly大声地，响亮地;quickly迅速地，快地;quietly安静地，轻声地。根据下文“because she didn’t want to wake up her baby”可知，此处指妈妈轻声地打开了门。故选D。 考点三　形容词和副词的比较等级 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.(2023扬州)Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much 　　　.  A.good　　　　 B.well C.better　　　　 D.best 答案　C　考查比较级。根据空前的much可知，此处应用比较级，much better意思是“好得多”，故选C。 2.(2022南通)—Good news! The Chinese women’s football team came first in the 2022 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. —Exactly. The final is 　　　one I have ever seen.  A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing 答案　B　考查形容词最高级的用法。根据上文内容可知，此处是对决赛的肯定评价，因此排除A、D两项。根据“...I have ever seen”可知要用形容词最高级，故选B。 3.(2021无锡)—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier B.heavy enough C.much lighter D.light enough 答案　A　考查形容词比较级的用法。句意:——你想减肥?但是这是为什么呢?对我来说，你看起来非常苗条。——这可能是真的，但我比去年重多了。根据句中的than可知，此空应填比较级，故排除B、D两项。由语境可知，此处应该是比去年重，故选A。 4.(2021徐州)Which colour do you like 　　　， purple， orange or pink?  A.well　　　　 B.good C.better　　　　 D.best 答案　D　考查副词最高级的用法。根据空格后“purple， orange or pink”可知，此处问的是这三种颜色中，你最喜欢哪个?由此可知，此处应使用最高级形式。故选D。 二.词汇运用 1.(2023连云港)The 　　　　　(努力) you practise， the greater progress you will make.  答案　harder　考查副词比较级。hard努力，为副词;本句为“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。故填harder。 2.(2023扬州)We students now use 　　　　throwaway products than before.(few)  答案　fewer　考查形容词比较级的用法。根据句子中的than可知，设空处应用比较级，故填fewer。 3.(2022苏州)Asking questions is one of the 　　　　　(最容易的) ways to lead you to active learning.  答案　easiest　考查形容词最高级的用法。“容易的”用easy表示，由空前的one of the及所给的汉语意思可知，此处应用最高级形式。故填easiest。 4.(2022扬州)After a night’s rain， the mountains are much greener and the air is much 　　　　　(fresh).  答案　fresher　考查形容词比较级的用法。根据空前的the air is much可知，此处填形容词，much修饰比较级，fresh的比较级是fresher。故填fresher。 5.(2021连云港)The programme Drive less，cycle more will reduce pollution and make streets much 　　　　　(安全的).  答案　safer　考查形容词比较级的用法。此处是“make+宾语+adj.”结构，“安全的”是safe，空格前的much修饰比较级，所以填safer。 6.(2021扬州)The next morning he got up 　　　　　than before to practise football.(early)  答案　earlier　考查形容词比较级的用法。根据设空处后面的than可知，此设空处应该用比较级，故答案为earlier。 考点四　形容词和副词的构词法 1.(2022连云港)Check the answer on the Internet if you are 　　　(不确定) about it.  答案　unsure/uncertain　考查形容词构词法。注意这里需要用形容词。 2.(2021扬州)My parents and I had a 　　　　　journey to Hainan.(wonder)  答案　wonderful　考查形容词构词法。设空处后面是名词，应该用形容词修饰，wonder的形容词形式为wonderful，故填wonderful。 3.(2021无锡)Some people think 　　　　　(high) of the film Hi， Mom.  答案　highly　考查副词构词法。think highly of指“高度赞扬，高度评价”。故填highly。 语篇填空 　　Ugly caterpillars(毛毛虫) can become 1.　　　　　(beauty) butterflies. It’s a fact， of course. But have you 2.　　　　　(曾经) seen the process? Wu Jiayu， 13， from Nanjing has! He has seen the transformation(转变) of dozens of caterpillars since he started to raise them in Grade Four.   There are four stages(阶段) of butterflies’ growth: egg， larva(幼虫) or caterpillar， chrysalis(蛹) and butterfly. Wu starts to raise them from the larva stage. He usually puts 10 caterpillars together into a plastic box and feeds them a branch(枝) of leaves once a day. He also cleans their waste 3.　　　　　(careful) once a day.  After about a month， the caterpillars become chrysalises. At this point， they don’t need any food or water. The key is to leave them 4.a　　　　. After another month， 5.　　　　(excite) stage comes—emergence(羽化)!  The emergence happens very 6.q　　　　　—within one minute to ten minutes. Wu was 7.　　　　　(幸运) enough to have witnessed the moment many times. An Asian swallowtail butterfly(燕尾蝶) even emerged on his fingers! “It climbed out to find a place. I wanted to put it back into the box. However， it suddenly climbed onto my fingers，” he said. “I saw its wings spread in just about one minute. I was so 8.　　　　　(surprise).”  However， not all chrysalises can become butterflies 9.　　　　　(smooth). Once， Wu saw a chrysalis that could not spread its wings after over 10 minutes of trying. He thought it couldn’t make it. Yet， after a while， it did it!  “I was amazed by the power of life，” he said. “Every butterfly finishes the transformation on its own. It encourages me to be independent and not to give up10.　　　　　(easy).”  答案　 1.beautiful　此空用形容词修饰名词butterflies。beauty的形容词为beautiful。 2.ever　表示“曾经”的副词有ever， once，通常ever用于现在完成时，once用于一般过去时。此句使用现在完成时，所以填ever。 3.carefully　此空填副词carefully， 修饰前面的动词cleans，指“仔细地清理”。 4.alone　leave sb. alone指“把某人单独留下;不打扰某人”。根据上文“At this point， they don’t need any food or water.”可知，此处指“不要去打扰它们”。 5.the most exciting　此空应填形容词来修饰名词stage。根据第二段第一句“There are four stages of butterflies’ growth...”可知，此空应填形容词的最高级，指“四个阶段中最令人兴奋的一个阶段”。 6.quickly　根据下文“within one minute to ten minutes”可知，“羽化”的过程很快，此空填副词quickly修饰前面的动词happens。 7.lucky　根据中文提示和前面的动词was可知，此空填形容词lucky。 8.surprised　surprise的形容词形式有两个:surprised形容人的感受，指“(感到)惊讶的”;surprising形容事物的特点，指“令人吃惊的”。此空描述“我”的感受，故填surprised。 9.smoothly　此空填副词修饰become，指“顺利地变成蝴蝶”。 10.easily　此空填副词easily修饰动词短语 “give up”。 二．完形填空 Will you put others’ needs before your own? What feeling will you get if you do? Here is an 1 of mine. It was a 2 day and I had a hard time. I was busy and everyone I talked to was 3 a bad mood. What’s more, I went out without breakfast and I left my wallet at home. So I couldn’t get lunch and was terribly 4 . When I finished my work, I called to ask my 5 to meet me at the door with some money so that I could quickly go to buy dinner. Then I quickly made my way home in hope of eating my 6 meal of the day at 5 p.m. As I was halfway home, my wife told me 7 the phone that a friend of ours was in trouble and needed a lift(搭便车) home. My mind said, “I will get him 8 I get the meal.” But my mouth said, “ 9 , I’ll give him a ride.” He jumped in the car with a smile on his face and 10 how thankful he was that I would drive him home. He told me he usually walked home from his company but that day the rain 11 him making that journey. Traffic was a mess. A drive to him usually 12 10 minutes but that day it was 30 minutes. Now you would guess the person that I was helping is a/an 13 friend of mine. But, in fact, he is a friend of a friend. I wonder 14 I will see this person again, but I feel glad I was there when he needed me. So you will feel yourself 15 when you care more about others. 1．A．idea B．advice C．article D．experience 2．A．windy B．wet C．sunny D．hot 3．A．in B．at C．on D．from 4．A．ill B．hurt C．hungry D．weak 5．A．wife B．son C．friend D．neighbour 6．A．last B．second C．first D．next 7．A．by B．on C．with D．about 8．A．until B．since C．before D．after 9．A．Right B．No C．All right D．No way 10．A．repeated B．told C．explained D．asked 11．A．helped B．kept C．stopped D．dropped 12．A．cost B．paid C．took D．spent 13．A．interesting B．honest C．close D．new 14．A．that B．if C．how D．why 15．A．meaningful B．hopeful C．careful D．helpful 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一个下雨天，自己很饿的情况下，去帮助朋友的这个经历。通过这个经历作者告诉我们：在我们关心别人的时候，会感觉自己是有用的。 1．句意：这是我的一个经历。 idea主意；advice建议；article文章；experience经历。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者在一个下雨天，自己很饿的情况下，去帮助朋友的这个经历。故选D。 2．句意：那是一个雨天，我很难受。 windy多风的；wet湿的，下雨的；sunny晴朗的；hot热的。根据下文“He told me he usually walked home from his company but that day the rain…him making that journey.”可知，那是一个雨天。故选B。 3．句意：我很忙，和我交谈的每个人都心情不好。 in在……里；at在；on在……上面；from来自。in a bad mood“心情不好”。故选A。 4．句意：所以我吃不到午饭，饿得要命。 ill生病的；hurt受伤的；hungry饿的；weak虚弱的。根据“So I couldn’t get lunch”可知，应该是饿的。故选C。 5．句意：当我完成我的工作，我打电话让我的妻子在门口迎接我，给我一些钱，这样我就可以很快去买晚饭。 wife妻子；son儿子；friend朋友；neighbour邻居。根据“As I was halfway home, my wife told me…the phone that a friend of ours was in trouble and needed a lift(搭便车) home.”可知，应该是打电话让妻子在门口迎接。故选A。 6．句意：然后我迅速赶回家，希望能在下午5点吃到今天的第一顿饭。 last最后的；second第二；first第一；next下一个。根据“What’s more, I went out without breakfast and I left my wallet at home. So I couldn’t get lunch”可知，作者的早饭、午饭都没吃，因此是第一顿饭。故选C。 7．句意：在我回家的半路上，我妻子在电话里告诉我，我们的一个朋友遇到了麻烦，需要搭车回家。 by通过；on在……上面；with和；about关于。on the phone“在电话中”。故选B。 8．句意：我吃完饭后就去接他。 until直到；since自从；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“But my mouth said, ‘…, I’ll give him a ride.’”可知，此处表示转折，因此作者想的是吃完饭后就去接他。故选D。 9．句意：好吧，我载他一程。 Right正确的；No不；All right好吧；No way不可能。根据“I’ll give him a ride.”可知，作者同意载他一程，All right符合题意。故选C。 10．句意：他跳上车，脸上带着微笑，重复着他是多么感激我开车送他回家。 repeated重复；told告诉；explained解释；asked问。根据“…how thankful he was that I would drive him home”可知，朋友一直在重复着感谢的话语。故选A。 11．句意：他告诉我，他通常从公司走回家，但那天下雨阻止了他步行回家。 helped帮助；kept保持；stopped阻止；dropped掉落。根据“the rain…him making that journey.”可知，那天下雨阻止了他步行回家。故选C。 12．句意：开车到他那里通常需要10分钟，但那天是30分钟。 cost花费（主语是物）；paid支付（钱）；took花费；spent花费（主语是人）。此句中主语是物，空处表示“花费多长时间”，动词took符合题意。故选C。 13．句意：现在你应该猜到我帮助的那个人是我的一个亲密的朋友。 interesting有趣的；honest诚实的；close亲密的；new新的。根据“But, in fact, he is a friend of a friend.”可知，此处表示转折，故读者会猜测这可能是一个亲密的朋友。故选C。 14．句意：我不知道我是否还会再见到这个人，但我很高兴在他需要我的时候我在他身边。 that那个；if是否；how怎样；why为什么。根据“I wonder…I will see this person again,”可知，作者不知道是否还会再见到这个人。故选B。 15．句意：所以当你更关心别人的时候，你会觉得自己是有用的。 meaningful有意义的；hopeful有希望的；careful仔细的；helpful有帮助的。根据“but I feel glad I was there when he needed me”可知，作者感到自己是有用的。故选D。 三．语法填空 There are many important holidays in China. The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of them. It’s 1 important traditional festival in China. People always celebrate it on the 15th day in the 2 (eight) month of Chinese calendar. At that time, the moon is the fullest and 3 (bright). The festival started in China about 3,000 years ago and 4 (be) a popular tradition already. 5 nobody knows the reason for the beginning of the festival, there are some stories about it. Story 1: Harvest Chinese used the moon 6 a calendar for harvest. The full moon meant the end of the summer harvest. At that time farmers would get together and eat delicious moon cakes. Story 2: War During Yuan Dynasty, some bad men took over China and treated the Chinese badly. To fight against them, the Chinese planned 7 (send) moon cakes to every person. They put paper messages into the center of the moon cakes. They named the time and places to beat the bad men. Story 3: Moon lady The story of the lady on the moon was described as a beautiful woman 8 (name) Chang’e. She lived in the cold palace on the moon by 9 (she). At the Mid-Autumn Festival, people can see her beauty 10 (clear). Today people often celebrate it with family and friends. People will have a family dinner and eat moon cakes. 【答案】1．an 2．eighth 3．brightest 4．has been 5．Though/Although 6．as 7．to send 8．named 9．herself 10．clearly 【导语】本文介绍的是中国很重要的节日中秋节、中国人怎样过中秋节以及关于中秋节的故事等。 1．句意：这是中国一个重要的传统节日。根据“It’s…important traditional festival”可知，此处表示泛指，应该填不定冠词a/an，important以元音音素开头，不定冠词an符合题意。故填an。 2．句意：人们总是在农历八月十五庆庆祝它。根据“on the 15th day in the…(eight) month”可知，空前有定冠词the，故此空用eight的序数词eighth，表示顺序。故填eighth。 3．句意：在那个时候，月亮是最圆最亮的。根据“fullest and…”以及and连接并列成分可知，空处应该填bright的最高级brightest。故填brightest。 4．句意：这个节日始于大约3000年前的中国，已经是一个流行的传统。根据“already”可知，此处为现在完成时“have/has done”，主语The festival是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been。 5．句意：虽然没有人知道这个节日开始的原因，但有一些关于它的故事。根据“…nobody knows the reason for the beginning of the festival, there are some stories about it.”可知，此处应该用though/although引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Though/Although。 6．句意：中国人用月亮作为丰收的日历。根据“…a calendar for harvest”可知，中国人用月亮作为丰收的日历，as“作为”符合题意。故填as。 7．句意：为了对抗他们，中国人计划给每个人发月饼。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”。故填to send。 8．句意：月亮上那位女士的故事被描述为一位名叫嫦娥的美丽女子。根据“a beautiful woman …(name) Chang’e”可知，这位漂亮的女人被叫做嫦娥，应该用动词的过去分词作定语。故填named。 9．句意：她一个人住在月亮上的冷宫里。根据“She lived in the cold palace on the moon by…”可知，她一个人住在月亮上的冷宫里，by oneself“独自地，单独”，she的反身代词为herself。故填herself。 10．句意：在中秋节，人们可以清楚地看到她的美丽。此空修饰动词see，应该用clear的副词clearly“清楚地”。故填clearly。 四．阅读理解 水资源面临严峻挑战 题材 体裁 难度 词汇 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 环境 说明文 ★★★★ 314 6分钟 All living things on the Earth need water to live. Yet humans pollute and waste it. More than a fifth of the world’s population doesn’t have enough water. It is likely that people will go to war over water in your lifetime. Water pollution If you had a bottle of water that you needed to keep yourself alive, would you pour it down your toilet? Of course not. And yet, that is just what people are doing with our water, all over the world. Mining and other industries pollute rivers with poisonous chemicals. Farmers use pesticides and fertilizers, which are washed into rivers and lakes. In many parts of the world, people use rivers like toilets and trash cans. Drying up our planet Near the sea, when too much water is taken from underground lakes, seawater flows, making the water salty and undrinkable. If you take more money out of a bank than you put in, you become overdrawn and, finally, go broke. We are doing this to our underground lakes all over the world. In West Asia, North Africa, China, India, Russia and the US, we use far too much water. Water shortage is one of the most important problems in the world right now. The amount of water we use has increased everywhere in the last 50 years. Between 1900 and the mid 1980s, water consumption in Asia increased from 600 to 5,000 km3 a year. In Beijing, water consumption increased almost 100 times between 1950 and 1980. The crazy thing is that, even in rich countries, a huge amount of water is lost through leaky pipes. In parts of Central Asia, the pipes are so bad that over half the water is lost through leaks. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1. The beginning of the passage mainly shows us that ______. A. people are short of water because of population growth B. people will go to war because of water sooner or later C. nowadays over 50% of the world’s population faces water shortage D. water shortage is becoming worse because of pollution and waste ( ) 2. In Paragraph 3, how many times does it mention polluted rivers or lakes? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. ( ) 3. The underlined word “combine” means “______” in Chinese. A. 分红 B.著名 C.透支 D. 盈利 ( )4. The underground water near the sea became salty and undrinkable because _____. A. sea water flows into underground lakes. B. too much underground water flows into the sea C. much salt is left when too much water is taken. D. the dry weather causes watershortage underground ( ) 5. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is TRUE? A. Asian countries use more water than any rich country. B. Over 50% of water is lost through leaking pipes in Central Asia. C. Water consumption increased quickly in the 1970s. D. Water consumption in Asia increased almost 10 times between 1900 and the mid 1980s. 【语篇导读】 地球上所有生物都需要水，然而人类却污染水、浪费水。作者运用了对比、比喻、列举数据等手法，说明了水污染、地下水质盐化、水浪费等几个问题的严重性。 【答案解析】 1. D 主旨大意题。根据第1段，通过信息整合与分析，可知作者开篇就告诉读者主题：水缺乏问题非常严重，故选D。 2. C 细节理解题。在关于水污染一段的描述中，涉及到poisonous (有毒的) chemicals、pesticides、fertilisers和trash共四种污染物，所以选C。 3. C 词义猜测题。 根据go broke（破产）和后句可知是透支的意思。故选C。 4. A 细节理解题。根据第3段中的seawater flows, making the water salty可知，地下水抽取过多导致海水流入并造成水质盐化，故选A。 5. B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句over half the water is lost through leaks可知，中亚地区有超过一半的水因管道泄漏而流失，故选B。 【生词】 mining / 'maɪnɪŋ / n. 采矿；矿业 例句：He was trained there as a mining engineer. 他在那里被培养成一名采矿工程师。 pesticide / 'pestɪsaɪd / n. 杀虫剂；农药 例句：The crops are regularly sprayed with pesticide. 庄稼定期喷洒杀虫剂。 poisonous / 'pɔɪzənəs/ adj.有毒的 例句：Some mushrooms are poisonous. 有些蘑菇有毒。 fertilizer / 'fɜːtɪlaɪzə/ n.肥料 例句：Get some more fertiliser for the garden. 给花园再多施些肥料。 consumption / kən'sʌmpʃn / n. 消耗 例句：Internet shopping is a new way of consumption. 网上购物是当今消费的一种新途径。 leaky / 'liːki / adj. 泄漏的 例句：The roof is leaky and the rain comes in. 房顶是漏的，雨进来了 【长难句分析】 Near the sea, when too much water is taken from underground lakes, seawater flows, making the water salty and undrinkable. 靠近海的地方，当人们从地下湖抽走太多的水后，海水会涨潮，会导致饮用水太咸以至于不能被饮用。 此句是一个条件状语从句，when too much water is taken from underground lakes作 seawater flows的条件状语。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业06 形容词、副词 形容词、副词的比较等级 1、 形容词、副词比较等级的构成 1.规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词　 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest 以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large later larger latest largest 以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词　 在原级前加more,most careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most bad/ill worse worst little less least far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度) old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的) 二、形容词、副词原级的用法 1.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A+as+形容词原级+as+B”。 (2)否定句中的结构:“A...+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”。 He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.他认为汉语没有英语有趣。 (3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍及以上:基数词+times)。如: Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。 (4)half as+形容词原级+as表示“……是……的一半”。如: Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你房间的一半大。 三、形容词、副词比较级的用法 1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+be+比较级+than+B”。 2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a great deal,a lot,much,even,still,far,any等修饰形容词时,该形容词可以用比较级。 3.表示两者之间进行选择,“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。 4.表示“几倍……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如:Your room is three times bigger than mine.你的房间比我的大两倍。 5.表示“两者之间比较……的一个”时,常用“主语+be+the+比较级+of the two...”结构。如: 6.表示“越来越……”时用“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时,用“more and more+形容词原级” 7.表示“越……,越……”时,用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。如:The more,the better.越多越好。 四、形容词、副词最高级的用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前常加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。 2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。 3.表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如: 4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。 5.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。 Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是他班上最高的学生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比他班上其他所有的学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何人都高。 =No one is taller than Li Lei in his class.在班里没有人比李雷高。 =Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class.李雷比班里其他任何学生都高。 =Li Lei is taller than the rest of the students in his class.李雷比他班里其余的学生都高。 1.(2023苏州)Our country has a 　　　(骄傲的) record of sporting achievements.  2.(2023扬州)Follow these tips， and you can enjoy your summer 　　　　.(safe)  3.(2023苏州)Although I’ve met her only once or t　　　， I can tell that she has a strong personality.  4.(2023宿迁)Hongze Lake wetland is a 　　　　　(the best) place for some wild birds.  5.(2022连云港)With the help of the map， students found their way to the park 　　　(容易地).  6.(2022苏州)It’s necessary for teenagers to learn how to spend their pocket money 　　　　　(明智地).  7.(2022宿迁)—Many students in our class like James because he never gets angry easily. —I agree with you. He is very 　　　　　　(有耐心的).  8.(2022泰州)Audiobooks(有声读物) are so welcome that the number of the listeners is increasing 　　　　　　(rapid).  考点二　形容词和副词的词义辨析 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.(2023无锡)Dressing up as a ghost is 　　　unusual in our culture. People think it will bring bad luck.  A.hardly　　　　 B.hard C.highly　　　　 D.high 2.(2023扬州)—I like your teapot. It has a very funny but interesting shape. —Thank you. It’s a work of art， but it is also 　　　for tea making.  A.natural B.practical C.equal　　　　 D.general 3.(2023徐州)Mum opened the door 　　　because she didn’t want to wake up her baby.  A.angrily　　　　 B.loudly C.quickly　　　　 D.quietly 考点三　形容词和副词的比较等级 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.(2023扬州)Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat much 　　　.  A.good　　　　 B.well C.better　　　　 D.best 2.(2022南通)—Good news! The Chinese women’s football team came first in the 2022 AFC Women’s Asian Cup. —Exactly. The final is 　　　one I have ever seen.  A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing 3.(2021无锡)—You want to lose weight? But why? You look quite slim to me. —That may be true. But I’m 　　　than last year.  A.much heavier B.heavy enough C.much lighter D.light enough 4.(2021徐州)Which colour do you like 　　　， purple， orange or pink?  A.well　　　　 B.good C.better　　　　 D.best 二.词汇运用 1.(2023连云港)The 　　　　　(努力) you practise， the greater progress you will make.  2.(2023扬州)We students now use 　　　　throwaway products than before.(few)  3.(2022苏州)Asking questions is one of the 　　　　　(最容易的) ways to lead you to active learning.  4.(2022扬州)After a night’s rain， the mountains are much greener and the air is much 　　　　　(fresh).  5.(2021连云港)The programme Drive less，cycle more will reduce pollution and make streets much 　　　　　(安全的).  6.(2021扬州)The next morning he got up 　　　　　than before to practise football.(early)  考点四　形容词和副词的构词法 1.(2022连云港)Check the answer on the Internet if you are 　　　(不确定) about it.  2.(2021扬州)My parents and I had a 　　　　　journey to Hainan.(wonder)  3.(2021无锡)Some people think 　　　　　(high) of the film Hi， Mom.  语篇填空 　　Ugly caterpillars(毛毛虫) can become 1.　　　　　(beauty) butterflies. It’s a fact， of course. But have you 2.　　　　　(曾经) seen the process? Wu Jiayu， 13， from Nanjing has! He has seen the transformation(转变) of dozens of caterpillars since he started to raise them in Grade Four.   There are four stages(阶段) of butterflies’ growth: egg， larva(幼虫) or caterpillar， chrysalis(蛹) and butterfly. Wu starts to raise them from the larva stage. He usually puts 10 caterpillars together into a plastic box and feeds them a branch(枝) of leaves once a day. He also cleans their waste 3.　　　　　(careful) once a day.  After about a month， the caterpillars become chrysalises. At this point， they don’t need any food or water. The key is to leave them 4.a　　　　. After another month， 5.　　　　(excite) stage comes—emergence(羽化)!  The emergence happens very 6.q　　　　　—within one minute to ten minutes. Wu was 7.　　　　　(幸运) enough to have witnessed the moment many times. An Asian swallowtail butterfly(燕尾蝶) even emerged on his fingers! “It climbed out to find a place. I wanted to put it back into the box. However， it suddenly climbed onto my fingers，” he said. “I saw its wings spread in just about one minute. I was so 8.　　　　　(surprise).”  However， not all chrysalises can become butterflies 9.　　　　　(smooth). Once， Wu saw a chrysalis that could not spread its wings after over 10 minutes of trying. He thought it couldn’t make it. Yet， after a while， it did it!  “I was amazed by the power of life，” he said. “Every butterfly finishes the transformation on its own. It encourages me to be independent and not to give up10.　　　　　(easy).”  二．完形填空 Will you put others’ needs before your own? What feeling will you get if you do? Here is an 1 of mine. It was a 2 day and I had a hard time. I was busy and everyone I talked to was 3 a bad mood. What’s more, I went out without breakfast and I left my wallet at home. So I couldn’t get lunch and was terribly 4 . When I finished my work, I called to ask my 5 to meet me at the door with some money so that I could quickly go to buy dinner. Then I quickly made my way home in hope of eating my 6 meal of the day at 5 p.m. As I was halfway home, my wife told me 7 the phone that a friend of ours was in trouble and needed a lift(搭便车) home. My mind said, “I will get him 8 I get the meal.” But my mouth said, “ 9 , I’ll give him a ride.” He jumped in the car with a smile on his face and 10 how thankful he was that I would drive him home. He told me he usually walked home from his company but that day the rain 11 him making that journey. Traffic was a mess. A drive to him usually 12 10 minutes but that day it was 30 minutes. Now you would guess the person that I was helping is a/an 13 friend of mine. But, in fact, he is a friend of a friend. I wonder 14 I will see this person again, but I feel glad I was there when he needed me. So you will feel yourself 15 when you care more about others. 1．A．idea B．advice C．article D．experience 2．A．windy B．wet C．sunny D．hot 3．A．in B．at C．on D．from 4．A．ill B．hurt C．hungry D．weak 5．A．wife B．son C．friend D．neighbour 6．A．last B．second C．first D．next 7．A．by B．on C．with D．about 8．A．until B．since C．before D．after 9．A．Right B．No C．All right D．No way 10．A．repeated B．told C．explained D．asked 11．A．helped B．kept C．stopped D．dropped 12．A．cost B．paid C．took D．spent 13．A．interesting B．honest C．close D．new 14．A．that B．if C．how D．why 15．A．meaningful B．hopeful C．careful D．helpful 三．语法填空 There are many important holidays in China. The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of them. It’s 1 important traditional festival in China. People always celebrate it on the 15th day in the 2 (eight) month of Chinese calendar. At that time, the moon is the fullest and 3 (bright). The festival started in China about 3,000 years ago and 4 (be) a popular tradition already. 5 nobody knows the reason for the beginning of the festival, there are some stories about it. Story 1: Harvest Chinese used the moon 6 a calendar for harvest. The full moon meant the end of the summer harvest. At that time farmers would get together and eat delicious moon cakes. Story 2: War During Yuan Dynasty, some bad men took over China and treated the Chinese badly. To fight against them, the Chinese planned 7 (send) moon cakes to every person. They put paper messages into the center of the moon cakes. They named the time and places to beat the bad men. Story 3: Moon lady The story of the lady on the moon was described as a beautiful woman 8 (name) Chang’e. She lived in the cold palace on the moon by 9 (she). At the Mid-Autumn Festival, people can see her beauty 10 (clear). Today people often celebrate it with family and friends. People will have a family dinner and eat moon cakes. 四．阅读理解 水资源面临严峻挑战 题材 体裁 难度 词汇 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 环境 说明文 ★★★★ 314 6分钟 All living things on the Earth need water to live. Yet humans pollute and waste it. More than a fifth of the world’s population doesn’t have enough water. It is likely that people will go to war over water in your lifetime. Water pollution If you had a bottle of water that you needed to keep yourself alive, would you pour it down your toilet? Of course not. And yet, that is just what people are doing with our water, all over the world. Mining and other industries pollute rivers with poisonous chemicals. Farmers use pesticides and fertilizers, which are washed into rivers and lakes. In many parts of the world, people use rivers like toilets and trash cans. Drying up our planet Near the sea, when too much water is taken from underground lakes, seawater flows, making the water salty and undrinkable. If you take more money out of a bank than you put in, you become overdrawn and, finally, go broke. We are doing this to our underground lakes all over the world. In West Asia, North Africa, China, India, Russia and the US, we use far too much water. Water shortage is one of the most important problems in the world right now. The amount of water we use has increased everywhere in the last 50 years. Between 1900 and the mid 1980s, water consumption in Asia increased from 600 to 5,000 km3 a year. In Beijing, water consumption increased almost 100 times between 1950 and 1980. The crazy thing is that, even in rich countries, a huge amount of water is lost through leaky pipes. In parts of Central Asia, the pipes are so bad that over half the water is lost through leaks. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1. The beginning of the passage mainly shows us that ______. A. people are short of water because of population growth B. people will go to war because of water sooner or later C. nowadays over 50% of the world’s population faces water shortage D. water shortage is becoming worse because of pollution and waste ( ) 2. In Paragraph 3, how many times does it mention polluted rivers or lakes? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. ( ) 3. The underlined word “combine” means “______” in Chinese. A. 分红 B.著名 C.透支 D. 盈利 ( )4. The underground water near the sea became salty and undrinkable because _____. A. sea water flows into underground lakes. B. too much underground water flows into the sea C. much salt is left when too much water is taken. D. the dry weather causes watershortage underground ( ) 5. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is TRUE? A. Asian countries use more water than any rich country. B. Over 50% of water is lost through leaking pipes in Central Asia. C. Water consumption increased quickly in the 1970s. D. Water consumption in Asia increased almost 10 times between 1900 and the mid 1980s. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$