Unit 5 Launching Your Career 简单句、并列句和主从复合句 讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

简单句、并列句和主从复合句 Unit5 Launching Your Career 简单句、并列句和主从复合句 在英语中,句子可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1. 简单句 简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 简单句的五种基本句型: ①SVP(主+系+表) ②SV(主+谓) ③SVO(主+谓+宾) ④SVO0 (主+谓+间宾+直宾) ⑤SVOC (主+谓+宾+宾补) My mother is a teacher.我的妈妈是一名教师。（主语 系动词 表语） Time flies.时光飞逝。（主语 谓语） He likes reading books.他喜欢读书。（主语 及物动词 宾语） He asked me a question.他问了我一个问题。(主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语) I found the book interesting.我发现这本书很有趣。(主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语) 温馨提示： 简单句只有一个主谓结构。简单句可以有两个及两个以上的主语,也可以有两个及两个以上的谓语,但是句子中的主谓结构只能有一个。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.计算机对人类意义重大,并越来越受到人们的关注。(两个谓语,一个主语) 2. 并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子称作并列句。这些独立分句处于平等的、互不依从的并列地位,常用并列连词或分号连接。 (1)表示并列关系的连词 常见的表示并列关系的连词有:and， both... and..., not only... but (also) ..., neither... nor...等。 They are watching TV and the others are reading. 他们在看电视,而其他人在读书。 (2)表示转折关系的并列连词 常见的表示转折关系的并列连词有:but, yet， whereas等 They rushed to the hospital, but they were too late. 他们急忙赶往医院,但是已经太迟了。 The car is old, but it is in good condition.这辆车旧了,但车况很好。 (3)表示选择关系的并列连词 常见的表示选择关系的并列连词有:or,either... or..., not...but...等。 Wear your coat or take the umbrella.把大衣穿上或者把伞带上。 Either he could not come or he did not want to. 他要么是不能来,要么就是不想来。 (4)表示因果关系的并列连词 常见的表示因果关系的并列连词有:for,so等。 He shook his head, for he thought differently.他摇摇头,因为他想得不一样。 The door was locked, so we couldn't get in.门上锁了,所以我们进不去。 (5) 含并列连词的特殊句式: ①祈使句( +，) + and/or +陈述句; ②名词短语( +,)+and/or +陈述句。 Come here on time tomorrow morning, or you will miss a good chance. 明早要按时来这里,否则你会失去一个好机会。 Another five minutes( ,)and I'll finish the composition. 再给我五分钟我就能完成这篇作文了。 温馨提示： ①so 不能与because 连用。 ②but不能与although/though 连用,但yet，still(副词)可与 although/though 连用。 3. 主从复合句 主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子。复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体,从句须由一个关联词(如that/what/ why/how/if 等)引导,修饰说明主句或主句中的某个词或短语,不能独立存在。 从句可以分为三大类:定语从句、名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)、状语从句(包括时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、结果、目的、比较状语从句)。 This is the room in which he lived five years ago.这就是他五年前居住的房间。 (定语从句) That he will come to the discussion is certain.他肯定会来参加讨论的。 (主语从 句) What I have told you is important.我告诉你的事很重要。(主语从句) I want to know whether you still work in the factory.我想知道你是否还在这家 工厂工作。(宾语从句) The question is whether we can finish the work by tomorrow.问题是我们是否能 在明天之前完成这项工作。(表语从句) The news that he won the game was incorrect.他赢得比赛的消息是不真实的。 (同位语从句) When he returns, I'll tell him the news.当他回来时,我会告诉他这个消息。(时间 状语从句) Bamboo grows best where climate is very hot.竹子在气候炎热的地方长势最 好。(地点状语从句) As long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to deal with the problem.只要我 们不灰心,我们就能找到解决这个问题的办法。(条件状语从句) We'll try to finish the work though we are short of money.尽管我们资金短缺,我 们照样会努力完成工作。(让步状语从句) I had taken an early bus so that I got there in time.我乘了早班公共汽车,所以才 及时到了那里。(结果状语从句) 拓展知识：其后常接同位语从句的名词有:fact，fear, hope,wish,order， belief, idea，news,suggestion, advice, desire, thought, problem ，possibility 等。 闯关训练 一、指出下列句子的句式结构。 1. You have turned twenty already. _____________________________________________________________________ 2.On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she went pale. _____________________________________________________________________ 3.I was wondering if we could go skiing at the weekend. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. She sent her mother a nice new car. _____________________________________________________________________ 5.I want the letter to be ready tomorrow. _____________________________________________________________________ 二、判断下列复合句中含有什么从句,并用“( )”标出从句。 1. I wondered if it would grow any larger. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or to fight the government. _____________________________________________________________________ 3.Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted. _____________________________________________________________________ 4.Word came that he lost his life in the war to save another soldier. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. True friends are who share your happiness as well as sadness. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. After that , what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. _____________________________________________________________________ 7.The judge doesn't consider what each eyewitness looks like. _____________________________________________________________________ 8.Native speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. _____________________________________________________________________ 三、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1. He was very tired of doing this for a whole day,_________he felt very happy because the crops grew higher. 2._________she is very busy , she still devotes a lot of time to her children. 3.He got up early that morning _________he could attend the meeting on time. 4. I refuse to accept the blame for something _________was someone else's fault. 5.The boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _________the boy would do. 6. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _______the bus arrived. 7. Read this story ,_________you will realise that not everything can be bought with money. 8. The hospital was built _________there had been a square. 9. It was the first time_________I had come to live and study in a completely strange city. 10._________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 答案： 闯关训练 1. You have turned twenty already. 主语 系动词 表语 2.On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she went pale. 主语 系动词 表语 3.I was wondering if we could go skiing at the weekend. 主语 谓语 宾语 4. She sent her mother a nice new car. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 5.I want the letter to be ready tomorrow. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 二、1.宾语从句;(if it would grow any larger) 2.定语从句;(in which we had either to accept we were less important , or to fight the government ) 宾语从句;(we were less important ) 3.定语从句;(who have reached the agreed standard for their event) 4.同位语从句; ( that he lost his life in the war to save another soldier) 5.表语从句;( who share your happiness as well as sadness ) 6.主语从句;(what happened to the Amber Room) 7.宾语从句;(what each eyewitness looks like ) 8.状语从句; ( even if they don't speak the same kind of English ) 三、1. but/yet/whereas 2.Though/Although 3.so 4.that 5.what 6.until/till/before 7.and 8.where 9.that 10.What ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$