串讲05名词性从句用法讲解（课件） - 2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

新牛津译林版高中英语 选择性必修三Unit2-Unit4 选择性必修四Unit3 Grammar and usage Grammar 1 主语从句 Road to Grammar 在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。主语从句必须用陈述语序。 the earth moves around the sun is well known. he will come or not is not known yet. That Whether 1.连词 that/ whether that不做成分，不表意思，不能省略。 whether不做成分，表意思“是否”。 1 定义 用whether不用if的情况： 1.①_________we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. ② It makes no difference _______ you will go today or tomorrow. 2.① _________ or not he will come still remains a question. __________we'll succeed remains to be seen. 1.主语从句位于句首时； 2.从句后有or或紧跟or not时 Whether Whether Whether whether 2 用法 主语从句中用 whether 不用 if 的情况： 1.主语从句位于句首时; 2.从句后有or或紧跟or not时。 1.__________ he'll come this evening is uncertain. 2. It’s uncertain _________ he’ll come this evening. 3. __________ she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much. Whether whether/if Whether He doesn’t know _____________you will leave. 3. It makes no difference___________ you will go today or tomorrow. 1.________ he'll come this evening is uncertain. 2. It’s uncertain _________ he’ll come this evening. Whether whether/if whether 4. 他不确定你什么时候走。 What he is not sure is _________you will leave. whether whether/ if 主语从句中用 whether 不用 if 的情况： 1.主语从句位于句首时; 2.从句后有or或紧跟or not时。 5. ____ you work hard, you are sure to succeed. If 宾语从句中whether和 if 可互换，表语从句、同位语从句用 whether 不用 if . 条件状语从句用 if 不用 whether. _____will be sent there has not been decided. ______you need is more practice. _______one is the best is not clear. _________ comes first will get a free book. _________ he did was right. __________ team gains the most points wins. 连接代词 Who What Which Whoever Whatever Whichever who，what， which，whoever, whatever, whichever _______they will come hasn't been made public. ________he has gone is a question. ______there is gravity is hard to understand. _____ he can earn a living in Britainremains a big problem. 1. when, where, why, how 连接副词 When Where Why How ③_____ he didn't attend the meeting wasn't clear. 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 ④_____ the plane will take off has not been announced. ①_____ will come to teach us is not known. ②_____ hurt my feelings was the judge's comment. Who What Why When 连接代词通常在主语从句中充当成分 who/whoever引导名词从句的区别： who引导的表“一件事”， whoever引导表“一个人” 英译中： Who will be sent there has not been decided. What you need is more practice. Whoever comes first will get a free book. Whatever he did was right. Whichever team gains the most points wins. 谁会被派出去还不知道。 无论谁第一个到(任何第一个到的人)都会得一本免费书。 他做的任何事情都是对的。 无论哪个队获得最多分就算赢。 2.连接代词 who/what/which/whoever/ whatever/whichever 连接代词做主干成分，表意思，不能省略。 中译英： 1.他们什么时候会来还没有公布。 2.他去了哪里还是个问题。 3.为什么会有重力难以理解。 4.他能如何在英国谋生依然还是一个问题。 they will come hasn't been made public. he has gone is a question. there is gravity is hard to understand. he can earn a living in Britain remains a big problem. when, where why, how 3.连接副词 When Where Why How 连接副词引导名词从句，在句中不做主干成分， 表意思。 6. What we need ______ more books. 1. Who won the match _____ still unknown. 5. What she lacks ______ experience. 2. What you said ______ perfectly true. 3. When and why he will leave there _____ unknown. 4. What you said and what you did ______all right. was was is were is were 一个主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 多个主语从句后的谓语动词用复数形式。 一个主语从句的几个方面也用单数形式。 what引导的主语从句，谓语动词的数由后面的表语决定。 3 谓语动词的数 1. Whether the patient will be taken ______ unknown. 2. When and where the patient will be taken _____ unknown. 3. When the task can be finished and whether he can have a rest ________ unknown. 4. What he wants most _________ staying with his family. What they need _______ masks(口罩). 主句的谓语动词，大多数使用_______ (单数？复数？) 由两个连接词引导同一个主从，谓动使用____ (单数？复数？) 主语为and连接的两个主从时，谓动使用____ (单数？复数？) what在主从中做宾语时，谓动由______决定单复数 (主语？表语？) 单数 单数 复数 表语 is is are is are 1)_____ you said yesterday is right. 2)_____ she is still alive is exciting. 3)_____ he lost the bike worried him a lot. 4)_____ he lost yesterday is his bike. What That That what 与 that在引导主语从句时的区别 what 在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。 What 4 (1) It +be+形容词+that从句. 做......是......的 It is clear that the girl told a lie. (2) It+ be+名词(短语))+that从句. 据...... It is a pity that your parents didn’t allow you to go shopping. (3) It+ be+过去分词+that从句. 做......是......的 It is suggested that the building (should) be built next year. (4) It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that从句. It seems that they have made the same mistake. 5 it做形式主语 ①划从句 ②补残缺 不缺成分 缺成分 连接代词（what, who, which, whom, wh-ever, whose） 缺意思 不缺意思 是否whether 状语 when/why/where/how 缺什么意思，就填什么词！ that 一句一主谓，两谓一连词，无连用非谓 ________ can't kill you will make you stronger. It is uncertain __________ he is still alive. 6 主语从句的解题步骤 Grammar 2 宾语从句 Road to Grammar 在复合句中，如作宾语的是一个从句，该从句被称为宾语从句。 I don't care whether he is rich or not. I've made it clear I will never go back there. Noun Clauses as the object ( 宾语从句) 1 定义 宾语从句类型 连接词 例句 I think that you are right. that（在口语或非正式文体中常省略） I wonder if/whether they will have the races again next year. whether, if (在口语中常用if) Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? who, what, which, when, where, how, why 由that引导的陈述性的宾语从句 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句 由wh-引导的宾语从句 2 用法 (1) 动词 + it + that从句，常见于take, have, put等动词之后。 I take it that he will finish the task by himself. 我认为他能自己完成这项任务。 (2) 动词 + it + when / if从句，常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, prefer等动词之后。 We really appreciate it if you could do us a favour. 如果您能帮助我们，我们会很感激。 it作形式宾语 3 He made it known to everyone that he was right. 他让每个人都明白他是对的。 (3) 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句，常见于owe it to sb, take it for granted等结构中。 We owe it to you that we are still alive. 多亏有你，我们还活着。 (5) 动词 + it + V-ed + 从句 (4) 动词 + 介词+ it + that从句，常见于look to, depend on, insist on, stick to, answer for等结构中。 She insisted on it that she was innocent. 她坚持说自己是无辜的。 (1)主句是现在的时态， 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 (2)主句是过去的某种时态， 从句一定要用过去的某种时态。 Does anyone know where I can find a home? We didn't know why she had missed the flight. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句是什么时态, 从句都要用一般现在时。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 4 宾语从句的时态 Grammar 3 表语从句 Road to Grammar  The fact is that he has not been seen recently.　  My suggestion is that we should turn the land into rice fields. 在复合句中，如作表语的是一个从句，该从句被称为表语从句。 Noun Clauses as the predicative ( 表语从句) 系动词+表语构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 你知道常见的系动词有哪些吗? 1 定义 读下面的句子，关注并回忆常见的系动词有哪些： 系动词 常见的系动词有： be动词: _________________________________ 感官动词: _______________________________ “变得词”: _______________________________ “持续词”: _______________________________ 1. William is excited about his promotion. 2. She appears upset about the announcement. 3. The eggs smell rotten. 4. Your plans for the wedding sound nice. 5. You look exhausted after studying all night. 6. Bob felt sleepy after eating the whole pizza. 7. The audience fell silent when the conductor walked on stage. 8. The theater gets dark when the show is about to begin. 9. The store stays open until late on Thursdays. am, is, are, was, were feel, look, smell, sound, taste, seem, ... get, become, turn, grow, fall, ... remain, keep, stay, ... ① The most important thing is that we finish the final task. ② The question is whether we can finish it in such a short time. ③ The reason why he was late is that he got up late. that& whether 用法归纳： a. that引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，有/没有意义。 b. whether引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻译为“______”。注意:引导表语从句时通常不用if。 连接 √ √ 连接 √ 是否 c. 注意下面这个结构：The reason why ... is / was that ... 1. 从属连词 2 用法 ① She is not who she was. ② Exercise is what keeps us healthy. ③ The winner will be whoever solves that problem. ④ My part will be whatever you give to me. 2. 连接代词 用法归纳： 连接代词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作__________________等)。 连接 主语，宾语，表语 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever, ... 3. 连接副词 ① The house is where Lu Xun once lived. ② Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient. ③ By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. ④ That's why you should push yourself. ⑤ The best time to start is whenever you are ready. 用法归纳： 连接副词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。 连接 状语 where, when, how, why, whenever, wherever, ... ① That’s because we were in need of money at that time. ② He looked as if he was going to cry. ③ It looked as though it might rain at any minute.  4. 其他词 because, as if, as though, ... 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 “建议”或者“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等, 那么从句中的动词通常用(should)+动词原形。 My suggestion is that we all ___________ (take) an active part in the coming sports meet. 2. His proposal was that the work _________________ (finish) in five hours. (should) be finished (should) take Grammar 4 同位语从句 Road to Grammar 在复合句中，从句作某一名词的同位语，对该名词作进一步解释说明，该从句被称为同位语从句。 The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. Noun Clauses as the appositive ( 同位语从句) 1 定义 ①The fact that we cannot travel faster than light means that it will take a long time to reach those planets. ②He can't answer the question how he got the money. ③I have no idea where he comes from. 同位语从句常放在抽象名词，如fact, idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, reply, answer, thought等之后，以具体说明这些词的含义。 2 用法 1. that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，无具体意义，不能省略。 引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, what, who, whom, whose, when, where, how等。 Lily asked me the question whether the novel was worth reading. 2. whether引导同位语从句，意为“是否”，不能用if代替。 They were surprised at the news that their team had won. 连接词 3. 连接代词和连接副词引导同位语从句，在从句中作成分。 宾语 在从句中作： 主语 状语 1. 间隔式同位语从句 同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名 词后，有些情况下，同位语从句和名词被其他词隔开。 ①Word came that the concert had been put off. ②An idea occurred to her that she could try another way. 3 特殊句式 2. 在某些名词(如demand, suggestion, wish, advice, request, proposal, order等)后的同位语从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 ①We followed his advice that we (should) turn to our teacher for help. ②We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. ③I can understand their wishes that they (should) have a holiday. 同位语从句 定语从句 性质 实例 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴 同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴 The news that our team has won the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 (定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语) 4 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句 定语从句 先行词 实例 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等抽象名词 定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句 ①He told me the news that he would come home from abroad soon. ②Word came that he had been abroad. ③Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. (同位语从句) (定语从句) (同位语从句) 同位语从句 定语从句 引导词 实例 引导同位语从句的词有:that, whether, what, who, whom, whose, when, where, how等。 that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，无具体意义，在从句中不作成分，不能用which代替，且不能省略。 有些引导词如how, whether, what不能引导定语从句。 that引导定语从句时，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中作成分，作宾语时可以省略 The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. (同位语从句，是对order的具 体解释，that虽不作成分, 但 不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. (定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that在从句中作 received的宾语, 可以省略) 单句语法填空 1. (2022·新课标全国卷II) “He saved my son’s life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know _____ to thank him.” 解析：考查连接词。根据句子结构可知，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do结构做宾语，相当于一个宾语从句，表示“我不知道如何感谢他”，故填how。 2. (2022·浙江卷1月) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak __________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 解析：考查宾语从句连接词。句意：为了她的政党，科布开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者是否可以远程发言; 大约四分之三的时间，他们同意了。故填whether/if。 how whether/if 高考实战 3. (2020·浙江卷6月) Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on _______ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 解析：考查宾语从句连接词。此空用作介词to的宾语，引导词同时在从句中充当主语。故填what。 4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I’m not sure _______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用who。 what who 高考实战 5. (全国Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析：分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词，故填how。 6. (广东) We were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didn’t understand _______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。由语境可知，此处意为：我不明白为什么会发生这样的事。故填why。 how why 高考实战 单句语法填空 7. (2023·新课标全国卷II) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ______ they need an English trainer. 解析：考查连接词。句意：他们还需要准备好接受国际记者的英语采访。这就是为什么他们需要一个英语教练。所填词引导表语从句，说明他们需要英语教练的原因。故填why。 8. (2020·河南中原名校联考) Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is _____ we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it. 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导表语从句，从句的结构和意义完整，所以用that引导。 why that 高考实战 单句语法填空 9. (2021·全国卷I) ______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 解析：考查主语从句。句意：这次经历中最令人激动的莫过于那些世外桃源的场景了。根据句子结构分析可知，这里是主语从句引导词，同时在从句中做主语。故填What。 10. (2019·全国卷I)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 解析：考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 What that 高考实战 11. (2019·江苏卷) Scientists have obtained more evidence _____ plastic is finding its way into the human body. 解析：考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。 12. (2018·浙江卷11月) It is possible _____ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too. 解析：考查主语从句。句意：咖啡因也可能导致人类出生缺陷。句中It是形式主语，代替后面的主语从句。主语从句中主、谓、宾齐全，不缺任何成分。故填that。 that that 高考实战 $$