【期末备考】专题03：阅读理解说明文 -全国名校2023-2024学年高二下学期英语期末复习好题精选（全国通用）

专题03 阅读理解说明文 【01】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【02】山东省青岛第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【03】重庆市第八中学校2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【04】四川省攀枝花市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【05】江苏省镇江市八校2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 【06】安徽省六安市舒城中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【07】福建师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【08】湖北省恩施州教育联盟2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【09】浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【10】湖南省株洲市炎陵县2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【11】福建省福州市六校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【12】河南省商丘市商丘名校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 1. 标题归纳题 标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语;涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小;精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 2.文章大意题 主旨大意题，要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 3. 段落大意题(首尾兼顾知段意) 段落大意题常在说明文和议论文中考查。文章的每一个段落都要围绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一定的规律性。相对于标题类试题和文章大意类试题，段落大意类试题考查频率较低。) （2023秋·广东珠海·高二珠海市斗门区第一中学校考期末） When you visit America, you will see the word Motel on signs and notice boards. It is made up of “motor” and “hotel” and it is really a hotel for people who arrive by car (however, you don’t need a car to stay at one). You have to pay when you arrive for your room, which usually has a bath. Meals are not provided, but there will certainly be a cafeteria(自助餐馆). Americans eat a lot of salads and sandwiches. Along the main roads there are a lot of motels. Each tries to offer more than next. Some provide television in every bedroom; others have swimming pools; and so on. Motels are especially useful when you are in the country, far from a town or city. You will also find them in the big National Parks. In these great National Parks, you may meet guests you don’t expect to see. An American friend told me a little story. In the middle of a moonless night she heard strange noises outside her motel window in the Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. Thinking it might be a thief, she jumped out of bed, opened the door and crept towards a dark shadow. As she got close, she saw the thief. She was dreadfully frightened: it wasn’t a human thief - it was a big black bear. The bear was turning over some empty tins with its paw, looking for tasty bits of food. My friend decided to leave that particular thief alone! There are also, of course, places called “rooming houses”, where they receive lodgers(房客).You will see such signs as Tourists or Rooms Rent, and you could try one of these. A word of warning - looking for a room in New York during the tourist season is like looking for gold on the moon! 28．Which of the following is TRUE about motels? A．They are free for people who arrive by car. B．The word “motel” is formed by two words. C．You can only find motels in the big National Parks. D．If you want to stay at a motel, you must have a car. 29．The underlined word “crept” in the second paragraph probably means “ ”. A．moved slowly B．rushed out C．ran fast D．threw away 30．The second paragraph mainly tells us . A．an interesting story B．bears usually look for food at night C．the experience of the author’s friend D．we may meet animals in the National Parks 31．From the last paragraph, we can learn that in New York during the tourist season . A．tourists can find gold there B．it is difficult to find a room there C．tourists can have a sweet dream there D．there is warning for tourists to New York Passage 1 Endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say. As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种). With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science. The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears’ decline: their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears’ ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears’ highly specialized diets. “Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced. “We’re having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, “pizzly” bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.” 1．Why do polar bears move further south? A．To create hybrids. B．To expand territory. C．To relieve hunger. D．To contact grizzlies. 2．What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents? A．Broader habitats. B．More food options. C．Climate preference. D．Improved breeding ability. 3．What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．A rare chance. B．A critical stage. C．A positive factor. D．A constant change. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Polar bears are changing diets for climate change. B．Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change. C．“Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming. D．“Pizzly”bears have replaced polar bears for global warming. 【来源】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Passage 2 Hadi Partovi, founder of Code. org believes every student should learn the basics of computer science just like they do math, physics, or biology, regardless of what they want to do in the future. The expert says knowledge about the subject is important to understand how the world around us works and compares it to learning about photosynthesis (光合作用), even though not every student is going to be a botanist. To spark students’ interest, he created the “Hour of Code”, which introduces the world of computing to anyone, from ages 14 to 104, in a fun, interactive manner. Observed annually during Computer Science Week, the event now draws tens of millions of kids from over 180 countries. The “Hour of Code”, which can be scheduled anytime during Computer Science Week, begins with an introductory video on computer science. Participants can then select from hundreds of fun assignments that are sorted by both grade level and coding experience. Though each project is designed to last just sixty minutes, beginners can deal with as many challenges as they desire. To help introduce computer science in classrooms on a more regular basis, Code. org has also developed a catalog of online courses that can be incorporated in a school’s regular curriculum. Since the nonprofit began offering the courses in 2013, over 704, 000 teachers have signed up to teach introductory computer science to over 22 million students worldwide. Thanks to the efforts of the pioneer, about 40 percent of US schools now offer computer science as a subject. The numbers are even higher — an impressive 70 percent — if after-school offerings such as robotics clubs are included. Even more encouraging, eight years ago, just 19,390 students took an Advanced Placement Computer Science exam. By the spring of 2017, the number had jumped 415 percent to 99,868. 5．Why did Hardi Partovi create the “Hour of Code”? A．To introduce computing to more children. B．To add a programme to Computer Science Week. C．To help people learn computer science in a fun way. D．To train computer scientists for his future program. 6．The “Hour of Code” is so called most probably because ________. A．it can be scheduled anytime. B．its projects last sixty minutes each. C．it will surely attract more students to attend. D．its tasks can be sorted by coding experience. 7．What do we know about Code. org’s online courses? A．They help the developer make lots of money. B．They have existed for over 20 years up to now. C．Over 704, 000 teachers have been learning them. D．Schools can use them regularly in their classrooms. 8．What do the numbers show in the last paragraph? A．The influence of robotics clubs. B．The effect of Hadi Partovi’s efforts. C．The development of many US schools. D．The efforts that Hadi Partovi has made. 【来源】山东省青岛第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 Passage 3 Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behaviour to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC)ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs – they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats, and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved. Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too. In another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻)that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 9．According to the author, what is the significance of EC? A．It brings us closer to the truth in human cognition. B．It offers a clearer picture of the shape of human brain. C．It reveals the major role of the mind in human cognition. D．It facilitates our understanding of the origin of psychology. 10．Where does the newborns’ understanding of their surroundings start from? A．Their personal looks. B．Their mental needs. C．Their inner emotions. D．Their physical feelings. 11．What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 4? A．Human speech is alive with metaphors. B．Human senses have effects on thinking. C．Human language is shaped by visual images. D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials. 12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To deepen the readers’ understanding of EC． B．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. C．To guide the reader onto the path to career success. D．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. 【来源】重庆市第八中学校2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题 Passage 4 Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020. One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers concerns about running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA． Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models a run for their money. As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality. Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim (声称) to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner. 13．The underlined word “hurdle” in Paragraph 2 probably means________. A．aim B．difficulty C．result D．step 14．Why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars in the past? A．They were very poorly made. B．They were not widely promoted. C．They were expensive. D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed. 15．What is the function of Paragraph 4? A．To introduce the history of electric travel. B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars. C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars. D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used. 16．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Driving into a Cleaner Future B．History of Electric Cars C．Problems with Petrol and Diesel Cars D．Best Means of Transportation 【来源】四川省攀枝花市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 Passage 5 The world’s forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented. Most are likely in the tropics, according to the new research. The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets: One, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide. The other, TREECHANGE, puts together sightings of individual species. Together they suggest there are approximately 64,100 recorded tree species on the planet — up from previous estimates of around 60,000. The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases. Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare, found in limited numbers in small geographical areas, says the quantitative forest ecologist Jingjing Liang. The team’s result is “a rather conservative estimate,” Liang says, “because scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.” “If we can focus the resources on those rain forests in the Amazon,” Liang adds, “then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.” Silman, a conservation biologist, who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate. His and his colleagues’ local surveys suggest there are at least 3,000 and possibly more than 6,000 unknown tree species in the Amazon basin alone. Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance, he notes, so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity. Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. “How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon — or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption? How many “species” already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet?” he says. Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out, Silman says. “Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as common as trees out there that are still left to be discovered,” he adds, “I find pretty inspirational.” 17．What is the finding of the new research? A．About nine thousand new tree species have been identified. B．Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science. C．Maintaining tree diversity has become a global challenge. D．Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees. 18．What can be learned about the research method? A．The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data. B．The researchers did extensive field study in out-of-the-way spots. C．Inferring from the existing dada is the main research method. D．Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method. 19．What does the underlined word “preponderance” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．majority B．evolution C．cultivation D．capability 20．According to Silman, one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species may be that ________. A．genetic analysis technique failed to produce accurate information B．trees of similar sizes in the Amazon basin are grouped together C．too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented D．the local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species. 【来源】江苏省镇江市八校2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Passage 6 Learning New Vocabulary During Deep Sleep Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language? Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is considerable evidence for wake-learned information undergoing revision by a replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory traces and embeds (嵌入) the newly acquired information in the preexisting store of knowledge. If the replay during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information, then first-play, i.e. the initial processing of new information,  should also be possible during sleep. The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells’ active states, the so-called “Up-states”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up-state” and the inactive state “Down-state”. The two states alternate (交替) about every half-second. New evidence for sleep-learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep as an encapsulated (被概括的) mental state, in which we are separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. “We could disprove that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep,” says Simon Ruch, co-first-author. “In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied to the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years, ” says Katharina Henke. The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation (IRC). Thirteen research groups in medicine, biology, psychology and information science are part of the IRC． The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness and cognition. 21．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．“Up-state” and “Down-state” appear in turn during deep sleep. B．“Up-states” is another name for the brain cells’ active states. C．Semantic associations are important for language learning. D．The brain cells’ active states are central for sleep-learning. 22．What will researchers do within several years according to the passage? A．Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology. B．Separate us from the physical environment. C．Apply deep sleep to information learning. D．Discover the concept of sleep. 23．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning. B．To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms. C．To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory. D．To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep. 24．Where is this text most likely from? A．A novel. B．A guidebook. C．A scientific research website. D．A diary. 【来源】安徽省六安市舒城晓天中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Passage 7 All human languages use vowels and consonants to express ideas. Most primates (灵长类) communicate almost using vowel-like calls, but non-human great apes, like chimpanzees, produce consonant-like sounds to varying degrees, This raises the question of where consonants came from, says Adriano Lameira at the University of Warwick. To find it out, he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes. He found that orangutans (猩猩), which spend most of their time in the trees: produce a greater number and variety of consonant sounds than gorillas and chimpanzees living. on the ground. “Orangutans have rich sounds like kiss sounds, scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. hey typically use these sounds while building nests or commencing with their young. Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are experts at processing protected foods. Like nuts, which often requires tools. While living in trees however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to maintain stability. They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to use their mouths as a “fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example. This advanced motor skill enables orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira. This could mean, that our early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “ There’s a growing sense that our dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira. The link between feeding and sounds doesn’t apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues Lameira, because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently “This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says. 25．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Why vowels and consonants are used B．What ideas the consonants express. C．How common the consonants are. D．Where the consonants came from 26．What fact can support Adriano Lamerica’s assumption about orangutans? A．They build nests with their young. B．They are skillful in employing tools C．They gain advanced motor skill of mouths D．They show stability in controlling arms. 27．What can we infer from Adriano Lameira’s findings? A．Monkeys differ from orangutans in eating habits. B．Our ancestors depended more on trees than believed. C．Consonant sounds were made by our earliest, ancestors. D．The link between feeding and sounds applies to monkeys 28．What is Chris Petkov’s attitude to Adriano Lameira’s assumption ? A．Confident B．Cautious C．Opposed D．Puzzled 【来源】福建师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Passage 8 Have you ever taken a personality test and found the results to be scarily accurate, checked your horoscope and had everything come true or taken an online quiz that told you precisely what your favorite Disney princess means about you? Well, we certainly have done so too many times, so we decided to do a little investigation into how Internet -quizzes, magazines and horoscope books seem to know us so well. We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. It was named after P. T. Barnum, a famous 19th century showman, who would famously say, “There’s a fool born every minute.” Indeed, Barnum proved to be right, as pseudoscience —such as astrology and personality tests — remains popular to this day. The Bamum effect explains why extremely general statements, such as the results of your personality test, seem so specific to you. Don’t believe us? Well, late psychology professor Bertram Forer offered some proof. In a historic study, Forer conducted a personality test to his students. Forer copied statements such as “You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.” and “You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.” from the newspaper’s horoscope column and gave a test to every student. Forer asked his students to rate the accuracy of the test from one to five, with “one” being the least accurate and “five” being the most accurate. The average rating was 4.26. The universally high ratings from students on the personality test supported the Barnum effect. One of the most important factors when reproducing this study is to keep the statements as vague as possible, with a mix of mostly positive and some negative content. For example, using the phrase “at times” makes for a powerful Barnum Effect. See “At times you are outgoing and sociable, while at other times you are shy and reserved” who would not agree with that statement? So, keep in mind that we are not immune to the Barnum effect. Take everything you hear with several grains of salt. 29．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To present a controversial opinion. B．To provide an example of an idea. C．To offer a solution to a problem. D．To define the meaning of a term. 30．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Potential application of the Barnum effect. B．Further explanation of the Barnum effect. C．Supporting evidence for the Barnum effect. D．A reasonable doubt of the research process. 31．Why do so many people believe the statements in horoscope and personality tests? A．They are so specific. B．They are unclear. C．They are positive. D．They are believable. 32．How is the passage organized? A．Phenomenon—analysis. B．Cause—effect. C．Problem—solution. D．Claim—counterclaim. 【来源】湖北省恩施州教育联盟2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Passage 9 For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the open highway with the wind on your back. As gas prices rise, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener way to travel. Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a helmet, the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can wear to better protect your life. Airbags have been protecting people in car accidents for decades. Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technology company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle riders, to design and produce the airbag jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s lower body, especially the tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag technology to protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause of disability among motorcycle riders.” The airbag jeans look like conventional trousers. Its component is removable and the jeans can be washed, dried, and worn again. The jeans are made of a fabric called Armalith which is stronger and weighs less than steel. Armalith helps to prevent riders from injuries caused by force of friction after a fall. The airbags fixed into the fabric help protect the rider if he or she falls off the motorcycle. If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in seconds. That’s because the mechanism is actually a chain that connects the jeans to the motorcycle. Mo’cycle’s airbag jeans are available on the company’s crowdfunding campaign along with an airbag shirt and a complete protection package. Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making the roads safer for them is certainly a worthy effort. 33．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To stress the necessity of airbags jeans. B．To show the popularity of motorcycles. C．To state the importance of wearing helmets. D．To display the excitement of highway riding. 34．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A．The tailbone injuries are hard to identify. B．The airbag jeans offer overall protection for riders. C．The airbag jeans are based on the existing technology. D．Mo’ cycle is famous for airbag design and production. 35．What is a feature of airbag jeans? A．They need fixing regularly. B．They are quick in response. C．They are comfortable to wear. D．They lead a new fashion trend. 36．How does the author feel about the prospect of the airbag jeans? A．Indifferent. B．Uncertain. C．Curious. D．Promising. 【来源】浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Passage 10 It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate? Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a bad effect on task performance. Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration. However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are certainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away. It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.” “Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.” 37．What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Making it difficult for someone to concentrate. B．Causing great excitement. C．Making someone want to do something. D．Making someone feel frightened. 38．What can we learn from the small study? A．Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music. B．Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity. C．Different types of music lead to different performances. D．The volume of music affects concentration. 39．What do Taj and Danela have in common? A．They believe music doesn’t help concentrate. B．They use music to help with their paper-writing. C．They can’t focus on reading while listening to music. D．They don’t listen to music while doing math problems. 40．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Should Students Listen to Music? B．Does Music Help Concentration? C．Is Music Related to Reading? D．Can Music Change Mood? 【来源】湖南省株洲市炎陵县2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题 Passage 11 Technology use seems to be the new wave of addiction hitting people of all ages. Its extreme use can be compared to the use of drugs, which is called Plug-in Heroin. The next time you’re in a crowded public place, look at the people around you. It’s hard to find someone who isn’t glued to the tiny screen, fingers moving at lightning speeds, texting their friends, emailing co-workers or listening to music. It may seem ridiculous that someone is that addicted to such a small object. I’ve seen people who seem to be at their wits’ end (不知所措) if their phone or iPad has been taken away, lost or left at home. Some people may ask, “What’s wrong with technology use? It’s a way for people to communicate.” While this is true, the overuse of technology isn’t always appropriate in certain settings. Schools are becoming stricter about the use of cell phones, iPads and other electronics in classrooms. Various workplaces have signs hanging on their walls warning employees that “Cell phone use is not permitted ”or “Cell phones are forbidden.” Electronics may be a way for people to communicate and stay in touch with each other, but the disadvantages may outweigh the benefits. People are losing the ability to hold face-to-face conversations with others. However, it’s hard to avoid electronics in this day and age because almost everything is turning into an electronic format. Books, originally meant for paper design, are now being transferred (转存) to electronic forms. Photo albums, and even yearbooks, can now be viewed via the internet. With this growing trend, future generations are bound to become even more addicted to technology. Is there a cure for electronic addiction? Simply turning electronics off for an hour or two a day may help to an extent, but it will not completely rid electronic addiction. There only seems to be one cure left, and it may be the hardest: self control. 41．What is Plug-in Heroin? A．The growing popularity of electronics. B．The serious consequences of technology use. C．The future possibility of technology development. D．The unreasonable dependence on electronics. 42．The second paragraph is intended to ________. A．prove electronics are harmful to people B．show people’s addiction to electronics C．persuade people to quit electronics D．tell people it is ridiculous to use electronics 43．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．Cell phones can be used in all kinds of work situations. B．Cell phones and iPads can be freely applied in schools. C．Overuse of electronic products should be limited. D．There’s nothing wrong with using technology, because it’s the only way people communicate. 44．In the author’s opinion, what is the best way to cure electronic addiction? A．Turn off the electronics for an hour or two. B．Cell phones are forbidden in the workplaces. C．Be stricter about the use of cell phones, iPads and other electronics in classrooms. D．Learn to control yourself. 【来源】福建省福州市六校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（含听力） Passage 12 Two years ago, enormous fires swept through some 46 million acres of forest in Russia, the country’s worst fire season on record. Now, researchers have a clearer sense of just how significant the 2021 boreal (北方的) forest fires were in terms of emissions. The study showed that for the past decade or so, boreal forests, especially forests in the uppermost reaches of Alaska, Canada, and Russia, have steadily become drier and hotter as heat waves and drought affected the environment. Fires in boreal forests are a normal part of the life cycle of trees that grow there. But climate change is throwing that cycle out of whack. Just in the past handful of years, forests in northern latitudes (纬度) reached a tipping point and started to produce far more emissions than usual. The researchers obtained the data for their study by tracking concentrations of emissions in the atmosphere using satellites, and then they put that information into a computer model to determine where, geographically, those emissions came from. They found that boreal forests, which typically produce about 10 percent of the globe’s annual wildfire emissions, accounted for 23 percent of the world’s wildfire emissions in 2021—more than twice as much as normal. While previous analyses have regarded 2021 as a particularly destructive year for boreal forests, the study is a valuable contribution to the field because it “offers meaningful insights about where fire emissions increased the most within boreal regions and provides potential explanations for why those emissions are increasing,” said Canadell, one author of the study. Canadell’s biggest worry is the study’s main conclusion: boreal forests have served an important and underappreciated role in reducing carbon emissions, but climate change threatens to release that stored carbon. “We need to be very careful with these systems in terms of their future evolution,” he said. 45．What does the underlined part “out of whack” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Out of date. B．Out of place. C．Out of order. D．Out of sight. 46．How did the scientists get necessary data? A．By using modern technology. B．By analyzing previous data. C．By turning to citizen scientists. D．By downloading them from the Internet. 47．What is the significance of the study? A．It worked out the solution to the emission problem. B．It found out the year 2021 was destructive for forests. C．It filled a gap in the study of the function of boreal forests. D．It pointed out the reason for increased emissions in boreal areas. 48．How does Canadell feel about the findings? A．Surprised. B．Concerned. C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed. 【来源】河南省商丘市商丘名校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解说明文 【01】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【02】山东省青岛第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【03】重庆市第八中学校2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【04】四川省攀枝花市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【05】江苏省镇江市八校2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 【06】安徽省六安市舒城中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【07】福建师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【08】湖北省恩施州教育联盟2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【09】浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【10】湖南省株洲市炎陵县2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【11】福建省福州市六校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【12】河南省商丘市商丘名校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 技巧点拨： 主旨大意题 1. 标题归纳题 标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语;涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小;精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 2.文章大意题 主旨大意题，要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 3. 段落大意题(首尾兼顾知段意) 段落大意题常在说明文和议论文中考查。文章的每一个段落都要围绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一定的规律性。相对于标题类试题和文章大意类试题，段落大意类试题考查频率较低。) （2023秋·广东珠海·高二珠海市斗门区第一中学校考期末） When you visit America, you will see the word Motel on signs and notice boards. It is made up of “motor” and “hotel” and it is really a hotel for people who arrive by car (however, you don’t need a car to stay at one). You have to pay when you arrive for your room, which usually has a bath. Meals are not provided, but there will certainly be a cafeteria(自助餐馆). Americans eat a lot of salads and sandwiches. Along the main roads there are a lot of motels. Each tries to offer more than next. Some provide television in every bedroom; others have swimming pools; and so on. Motels are especially useful when you are in the country, far from a town or city. You will also find them in the big National Parks. In these great National Parks, you may meet guests you don’t expect to see. An American friend told me a little story. In the middle of a moonless night she heard strange noises outside her motel window in the Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. Thinking it might be a thief, she jumped out of bed, opened the door and crept towards a dark shadow. As she got close, she saw the thief. She was dreadfully frightened: it wasn’t a human thief - it was a big black bear. The bear was turning over some empty tins with its paw, looking for tasty bits of food. My friend decided to leave that particular thief alone! There are also, of course, places called “rooming houses”, where they receive lodgers(房客).You will see such signs as Tourists or Rooms Rent, and you could try one of these. A word of warning - looking for a room in New York during the tourist season is like looking for gold on the moon! 28．Which of the following is TRUE about motels? A．They are free for people who arrive by car. B．The word “motel” is formed by two words. C．You can only find motels in the big National Parks. D．If you want to stay at a motel, you must have a car. 29．The underlined word “crept” in the second paragraph probably means “ ”. A．moved slowly B．rushed out C．ran fast D．threw away 30．The second paragraph mainly tells us . A．an interesting story B．bears usually look for food at night C．the experience of the author’s friend D．we may meet animals in the National Parks 31．From the last paragraph, we can learn that in New York during the tourist season . A．tourists can find gold there B．it is difficult to find a room there C．tourists can have a sweet dream there D．there is warning for tourists to New York 【答案】28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国国家公园里的汽车旅馆。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is made up of “motor” and “hotel” and it is really a hotel for people who arrive by car (however, you don’t need a car to stay at one).”（它由“motor”(汽车)和“hotel”(酒店)组成，实际上是为开车来的人准备的酒店(然而，你不需要一辆车就能住进去)。）可知，关于汽车旅馆，这个单词是由两个词组成的。故选B项。 29．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句子中“Thinking it might be a thief, she jumped out of bed, opened the door…”（想到可能是小偷，她跳下床，打开门……）可知，她认为那个黑影是个小偷，所以缓慢地移动，靠近那个黑影。所以该词的意思是“缓慢移动”，结合选项A项moved slowly“缓慢移动”，意思一致。故选A项。 30．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In these great National Parks, you may meet guests you don’t expect to see. An American friend told me a little story.”（在这些伟大的国家公园里，你可能会遇到意想不到的客人。一位美国朋友给我讲了一个小故事。）可知，本段主要讲的是论述作者的朋友的一个经历。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A word of warning - looking for a room in New York during the tourist season is like looking for gold on the moon!”（提醒一句——在旅游旺季在纽约找房间就像在月球上找金子一样困难！）可推知，从最后一段，我们可以得知在纽约旅游期间很难找到一个房间。故选B项。 Passage 1 Endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say. As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种). With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, hybrids aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science. The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears’ decline: their numbers are estimated to decrease by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears’ ranges, where they outcompete them, but also to polar bears’ highly specialized diets. “Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs, it could be a tipping point for their survival.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced. “We’re having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, “pizzly” bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given current warming trends.” 1．Why do polar bears move further south? A．To create hybrids. B．To expand territory. C．To relieve hunger. D．To contact grizzlies. 2．What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents? A．Broader habitats. B．More food options. C．Climate preference. D．Improved breeding ability. 3．What does the underlined phrase “a tipping point” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．A rare chance. B．A critical stage. C．A positive factor. D．A constant change. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Polar bears are changing diets for climate change. B．Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change. C．“Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming. D．“Pizzly”bears have replaced polar bears for global warming. 【来源】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards.(随着全球变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫向南迁徙，在那里它们遇到了活动范围向北扩展的灰熊。)”可知，北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““Usually, hybrids aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources,” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science.(Vanderbilt大学生物科学副教授Larisa DeSantis告诉Live Science：“通常情况下，杂交后代并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交后代能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。”)”可知，更多的食物选择让“小熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources, like seabird eggs(尽管所有这些饥饿的北极熊都在试图寻找其他食物来源，比如海鸟蛋)”可知，饥饿的北极熊寻找食物来源，这对它们的生存至关重要，因此a tipping point的意思是“至关重要的阶段”，和A critical stage意思相近，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Endangered polar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.(科学家说，濒危的北极熊正在与灰熊繁殖，创造出小灰熊，这是由气候变化驱动的。)”和倒数第二段“This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.(这可能会导致栖息地准备好让杂交物种进入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的丧失。)”可知，本文主要介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕，因此主旨是C选项““Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming.(由于全球变暖，“小灰熊”的数量正在上升。)”。故选C。 Passage 2 Hadi Partovi, founder of Code. org believes every student should learn the basics of computer science just like they do math, physics, or biology, regardless of what they want to do in the future. The expert says knowledge about the subject is important to understand how the world around us works and compares it to learning about photosynthesis (光合作用), even though not every student is going to be a botanist. To spark students’ interest, he created the “Hour of Code”, which introduces the world of computing to anyone, from ages 14 to 104, in a fun, interactive manner. Observed annually during Computer Science Week, the event now draws tens of millions of kids from over 180 countries. The “Hour of Code”, which can be scheduled anytime during Computer Science Week, begins with an introductory video on computer science. Participants can then select from hundreds of fun assignments that are sorted by both grade level and coding experience. Though each project is designed to last just sixty minutes, beginners can deal with as many challenges as they desire. To help introduce computer science in classrooms on a more regular basis, Code. org has also developed a catalog of online courses that can be incorporated in a school’s regular curriculum. Since the nonprofit began offering the courses in 2013, over 704, 000 teachers have signed up to teach introductory computer science to over 22 million students worldwide. Thanks to the efforts of the pioneer, about 40 percent of US schools now offer computer science as a subject. The numbers are even higher — an impressive 70 percent — if after-school offerings such as robotics clubs are included. Even more encouraging, eight years ago, just 19,390 students took an Advanced Placement Computer Science exam. By the spring of 2017, the number had jumped 415 percent to 99,868. 5．Why did Hardi Partovi create the “Hour of Code”? A．To introduce computing to more children. B．To add a programme to Computer Science Week. C．To help people learn computer science in a fun way. D．To train computer scientists for his future program. 6．The “Hour of Code” is so called most probably because ________. A．it can be scheduled anytime. B．its projects last sixty minutes each. C．it will surely attract more students to attend. D．its tasks can be sorted by coding experience. 7．What do we know about Code. org’s online courses? A．They help the developer make lots of money. B．They have existed for over 20 years up to now. C．Over 704, 000 teachers have been learning them. D．Schools can use them regularly in their classrooms. 8．What do the numbers show in the last paragraph? A．The influence of robotics clubs. B．The effect of Hadi Partovi’s efforts. C．The development of many US schools. D．The efforts that Hadi Partovi has made. 【来源】山东省青岛第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是Hadi Partovi为了推广计算机科学的学习所付出的努力，并且取得了显著的效果。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To spark students’ interest, he created the “Hour of Code”, which introduces the world of computing to anyone, from ages 14 to 104, in a fun, interactive manner.(为了激发学生们的兴趣，他创造了“编码一小时”，以一种有趣的互动方式向14岁至104岁的任何人介绍计算世界。)”可知，Hardi Partovi创造“编码一小时”是为了以有趣的方式帮助人们学习计算机科学。故选C项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Though each project is designed to last just sixty minutes, beginners can deal with as many challenges as they desire.(虽然每个项目的设计时间只有60分钟，但初学者想要应对多少挑战都可以。)”可知，“编码一小时”之所以被称为“编码一小时”，很可能是因为它的每个项目持续60分钟。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “To help introduce computer science in classrooms on a more regular basis, Code. org has also developed a catalog of online courses that can be incorporated in a school’s regular curriculum. (为了帮助在课堂上更定期地介绍计算机科学，Code.org还开发了一个在线课程目录，可以纳入学校的常规课程。)”可知，Code.org的在线课程目录可以纳入学校的常规课程中，由此可知，学校可以经常在教室里使用Code. org的在线课程。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Thanks to the efforts of the pioneer, about 40 percent of US schools now offer computer science as a subject. (由于先驱的努力，大约40%的美国学校现在提供计算机科学作为一门学科。)”可知，现在大约40%的美国学校提供计算机科学作为一门学科，结合下文中的“Even more encouraging, eight years ago, just 19,390 students took an Advanced Placement Computer Science exam. By the spring of 2017, the number had jumped 415 percent to 99,868. (更令人鼓舞的是，八年前，只有19,390名学生参加了大学先修课程计算机科学考试。到2017年春季，这一数字增长了415%，达到99868人。)”可知，2017年春季参加大学先修课程计算机考试的人数比八年前增长了415%，综合以上信息可知，最后一段中的数字显示了Hadi Partovi努力的效果。故选B项。 Passage 3 Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behaviour to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC)ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs – they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats, and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved. Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too. In another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻)that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 9．According to the author, what is the significance of EC? A．It brings us closer to the truth in human cognition. B．It offers a clearer picture of the shape of human brain. C．It reveals the major role of the mind in human cognition. D．It facilitates our understanding of the origin of psychology. 10．Where does the newborns’ understanding of their surroundings start from? A．Their personal looks. B．Their mental needs. C．Their inner emotions. D．Their physical feelings. 11．What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 4? A．Human speech is alive with metaphors. B．Human senses have effects on thinking. C．Human language is shaped by visual images. D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials. 12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To deepen the readers’ understanding of EC． B．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. C．To guide the reader onto the path to career success. D．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. 【来源】重庆市第八中学校2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了心理学家的一项EC理论表明，我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知，我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确的说思想塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思想。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC理论表明，我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维。) ”可知，EC理论让我们更接近人类认知的真相。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In the real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved.(在现实世界中，他们冷了就哭，然后被拥抱。这样，他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来) ”可推知，新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“For further proof, we can look at the metaphors (比喻) that we use without even thinking.(为了进一步证明，我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用的比喻)”和倒数第三段“Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction.(更多的研究支持了身心互动) ”可知，两个自然段都是为了证明上文第一段EC的观点“The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.(EC理论表明，我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维) ”。所以，作者想要印证的是人类的感官对思维有影响。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? (既然您已经掌握了身心互动的知识，为什么不使用它呢?) ”可知，最后一段作者鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。故选B。 Passage 4 Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020. One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers concerns about running out of electricity on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA． Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed greatly over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade picky consumers. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine (内燃机) models a run for their money. As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality. Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions (排放). If the US could replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 percent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim (声称) to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner. 13．The underlined word “hurdle” in Paragraph 2 probably means________. A．aim B．difficulty C．result D．step 14．Why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars in the past? A．They were very poorly made. B．They were not widely promoted. C．They were expensive. D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed. 15．What is the function of Paragraph 4? A．To introduce the history of electric travel. B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars. C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars. D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used. 16．Which is the best title for this passage? A．Driving into a Cleaner Future B．History of Electric Cars C．Problems with Petrol and Diesel Cars D．Best Means of Transportation 【来源】四川省攀枝花市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽油和柴油汽车虽然仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。电动汽车不产生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发展，而未来的车辆一定是电动时代。 13．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety” —drivers concerns about running out of electricity on a journey.(电动汽车被广泛采用的一个hurdle是“里程焦虑”——驾驶者担心在旅途中电量耗尽)”可知，“驾驶员担心在旅途中耗尽电能”是电动汽车的缺点，这是电动汽车普及的一个“障碍，难关”。故划线词意思是“困难”。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Not that long ago, electric cars met with distrust, and their high prices drove customers away. (不久前，电动汽车遭遇了不信任，高昂的价格让消费者望而却步)”可知，过去很多人拒绝购买电动汽车是因为人们认为电动车太贵了不值得买。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.(除了在公路上的发展，电动汽车正在走向海洋和天空。电动船是最古老的电动旅行方式之一，从19世纪末到20世纪初，在汽油动力的舷外发动机接管之前，它已经流行了几十年。现在，全球对可再生能源的推动正在使电动船回归。电动航空旅行也正在取得进展，空中客车公司和美国国家航空航天局等组织正在开发和测试电池驱动的飞机。这些实验可能很快使商业电动飞行成为现实)”可知，电动交通工具以不同的方式出现在陆路，海上及空中。由此推知，第四段的作用是描述电动交通工具的不同的用途。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Vehicles on our roads are now mostly petrol and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannot continue for much longer. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 percent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 percent by 2020.(现在我们道路上的车辆大多是汽油和柴油汽车，但它们的日子不会持续太久了。最近的一项大学研究发现，目前电动汽车可以用于美国87%的日常汽车旅行。到2020年，这一数字可能上升到98%)”和第四段“As well as development on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.(除了在公路上的发展，电动汽车正在走向海洋和天空)”结合文章主要介绍了汽油和柴油汽车虽然仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。电动汽车不产生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发展，而未来的车辆一定是电动时代。故A项“驶入更清洁的未来”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 5 The world’s forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented. Most are likely in the tropics, according to the new research. The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets: One, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide. The other, TREECHANGE, puts together sightings of individual species. Together they suggest there are approximately 64,100 recorded tree species on the planet — up from previous estimates of around 60,000. The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases. Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare, found in limited numbers in small geographical areas, says the quantitative forest ecologist Jingjing Liang. The team’s result is “a rather conservative estimate,” Liang says, “because scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.” “If we can focus the resources on those rain forests in the Amazon,” Liang adds, “then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.” Silman, a conservation biologist, who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate. His and his colleagues’ local surveys suggest there are at least 3,000 and possibly more than 6,000 unknown tree species in the Amazon basin alone. Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance, he notes, so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity. Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. “How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon — or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption? How many “species” already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet?” he says. Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out, Silman says. “Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as common as trees out there that are still left to be discovered,” he adds, “I find pretty inspirational.” 17．What is the finding of the new research? A．About nine thousand new tree species have been identified. B．Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science. C．Maintaining tree diversity has become a global challenge. D．Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees. 18．What can be learned about the research method? A．The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data. B．The researchers did extensive field study in out-of-the-way spots. C．Inferring from the existing dada is the main research method. D．Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method. 19．What does the underlined word “preponderance” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．majority B．evolution C．cultivation D．capability 20．According to Silman, one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species may be that ________. A．genetic analysis technique failed to produce accurate information B．trees of similar sizes in the Amazon basin are grouped together C．too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented D．the local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species. 【来源】江苏省镇江市八校2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A 20．D 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过新的调查研究，得出的对全球的树木生物种类的数量估算，其中还包括一些未记录在案的树种；同时一些生物学家通过调查认为在亚马逊热带雨林里面，还有许多不知名的树种等待人们去发现，这也令这些生物学家们倍受鼓舞。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“The world’s forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented.(世界上的森林可能蕴藏着比以前认为的更多的秘密：一项新的全球树木生物多样性估计表明，大约有9200种树木未被记录在案)”可知，该项新研究指出成千上万的树种仍不为科学所知。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees in two huge data sets. (这项新研究利用了数百名贡献者的努力，他们在两个巨大的数据集中对树木进行了分类)”和第三段“The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the databases. (根据数据库中已有的稀有物种的数量，研究人员得出了他们对另外9200个尚未记录的物种的估计)”可知，该研究的主要方法是从已有的数据中进行推断得出结论。故选C。 19．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else. (比如亚马逊，在那里偏僻的地方可能有一些其他地方没有的不常见的树种)”可知，这里通过举例子说明划线词所在部分“scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon (科学家们对亚马逊等地大多数不常见的树木知之甚少)”中，在如亚马逊雨林这种地方有很多科学家们没见过、不了解的树种，所以他们对这里大多数不常见的树木都知之甚少，故划线词表示“大多数”，与“the majority of”同义。故选A。 20．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sliman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. “How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon — or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption? How many “species” already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet?” he says. (Sliman想知道有多少树种会在科学家描述它们之前灭绝。“已经有多少树种被亚马逊当地人所熟知，又有多少是被因殖民、疾病或同化而灭绝的民族或文化所知道的？有多少“物种”已经有干燥的样本放在橱柜里？”他说)。”可知，Sliman认为当地的民族或文化也不完全了解这些树种，所以这也是树种数量被低估的一个原因。故选D。 Passage 6 Learning New Vocabulary During Deep Sleep Sleeping time is sometimes considered unproductive time. This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language? Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined. There is considerable evidence for wake-learned information undergoing revision by a replay in the sleeping brain. The replay during sleep strengthens the still weak memory traces and embeds (嵌入) the newly acquired information in the preexisting store of knowledge. If the replay during sleep improves the storage of wake-learned information, then first-play, i.e. the initial processing of new information,  should also be possible during sleep. The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells’ active states, the so-called “Up-states”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable. When we reach deep sleep stages, our brain cells progressively coordinate their activity. During deep sleep, the brain cells are commonly active for a brief period of time before they jointly enter into a state of brief inactivity. The active state is called “Up-state” and the inactive state “Down-state”. The two states alternate (交替) about every half-second. New evidence for sleep-learning challenges current theories of sleep and theories of memory. The concept of sleep as an encapsulated (被概括的) mental state, in which we are separated from the physical environment is no longer reasonable. “We could disprove that complex learning be impossible during deep sleep,” says Simon Ruch, co-first-author. “In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied to the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years, ” says Katharina Henke. The research group of Katharina Henke is part of the Interfaculty Research Cooperation (IRC). Thirteen research groups in medicine, biology, psychology and information science are part of the IRC． The aim of these research groups is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in sleep, consciousness and cognition. 21．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．“Up-state” and “Down-state” appear in turn during deep sleep. B．“Up-states” is another name for the brain cells’ active states. C．Semantic associations are important for language learning. D．The brain cells’ active states are central for sleep-learning. 22．What will researchers do within several years according to the passage? A．Make study in the following fields such as medicine and biology. B．Separate us from the physical environment. C．Apply deep sleep to information learning. D．Discover the concept of sleep. 23．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new way of vocabulary learning. B．To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms. C．To challenge current theories of sleep and theories of memory. D．To explain the possibility of vocabulary learning during deep sleep. 24．Where is this text most likely from? A．A novel. B．A guidebook. C．A scientific research website. D．A diary. 【来源】安徽省六安市舒城晓天中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．D 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究论证了在深度睡眠中学习新词汇的可能性。 21．推理判断题。根据第三段“The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells’ active states, the so-called “Up-states”. It turned out to be that what they thought was reasonable.(卡塔琳娜·亨克的研究小组研究了一个睡觉的人在脑细胞活跃状态下，即所谓的“向上状态”，是否能够在外来词和翻译词之间形成新的语义联系。事实证明，他们认为的事情是合理的)”可推知，脑细胞的活跃状态是睡眠学习的核心。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“In how far and with what consequences deep sleep can be applied to the acquisition of new information will be a topic of research in upcoming years(深度睡眠在获取新信息方面的应用程度和影响将是未来几年的研究主题)”可知，研究人员将在几年内将深度睡眠应用于信息学习。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“This raises the question whether the time spent during sleeping could be used more productively, e. g. for learning a new language?(这就提出了一个问题:睡眠时间是否可以被更有效地利用，比如用于学习一门新语言？)”提出是否可以更有效地利用睡眠时间，例如用于学习一种新语言？第二段回答该问题。第三段通过研究证明了第二段的猜想。最后两段进行了补充说明。可推知，解释深度睡眠中词汇学习的可能性。故选D。 24．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sleep research to date focused on the stabilization and strengthening of memories that had been formed during previous wakefulness. However, learning during sleep has rarely been examined.(迄今为止的睡眠研究主要集中在稳定和加强之前清醒时形成的记忆。然而，睡眠中的学习很少被研究过)”；第三段“The research group of Katharina Henke examined whether a sleeping person is able to form new semantic associations between played foreign words and translation words during the brain cells’ active states, the so-called “Up-states”.(卡塔琳娜·亨克的研究小组研究了一个睡觉的人在脑细胞活跃状态下，即所谓的“向上状态”，是否能够在外来词和翻译词之间形成新的语义联系)”结合文章主旨是在深度睡眠中学习新词汇方面的科学研究，可以推断出，本文可能出自一个科研网站，故选C。 Passage 7 All human languages use vowels and consonants to express ideas. Most primates (灵长类) communicate almost using vowel-like calls, but non-human great apes, like chimpanzees, produce consonant-like sounds to varying degrees, This raises the question of where consonants came from, says Adriano Lameira at the University of Warwick. To find it out, he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes. He found that orangutans (猩猩), which spend most of their time in the trees: produce a greater number and variety of consonant sounds than gorillas and chimpanzees living. on the ground. “Orangutans have rich sounds like kiss sounds, scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. hey typically use these sounds while building nests or commencing with their young. Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are experts at processing protected foods. Like nuts, which often requires tools. While living in trees however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to maintain stability. They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to use their mouths as a “fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example. This advanced motor skill enables orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira. This could mean, that our early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “ There’s a growing sense that our dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira. The link between feeding and sounds doesn’t apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues Lameira, because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently “This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says. 25．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Why vowels and consonants are used B．What ideas the consonants express. C．How common the consonants are. D．Where the consonants came from 26．What fact can support Adriano Lamerica’s assumption about orangutans? A．They build nests with their young. B．They are skillful in employing tools C．They gain advanced motor skill of mouths D．They show stability in controlling arms. 27．What can we infer from Adriano Lameira’s findings? A．Monkeys differ from orangutans in eating habits. B．Our ancestors depended more on trees than believed. C．Consonant sounds were made by our earliest, ancestors. D．The link between feeding and sounds applies to monkeys 28．What is Chris Petkov’s attitude to Adriano Lameira’s assumption ? A．Confident B．Cautious C．Opposed D．Puzzled 【来源】福建师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【答案】25．D 26．C 27．B 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究者发现大部分时间生活在树上的猩猩比生活在地面上的大猩猩和黑猩猩发出的辅音数量和种类都要多。 25．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“This raises the question of where consonants came from(这就提出了辅音从何而来的问题)”和“he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes(他研究了现存的文献，想看看类人猿的辅音有多普遍)”可知，Adriano Lameira是为了发现辅音从何而来，it指的是“辅音来自哪里”，故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段的“While living in trees, however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to maintain stability. They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to use their mouths as a “fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example.(然而，当生活在树上时，猩猩必须至少使用一只手臂来保持稳定。因此，它们已经发展出对嘴唇、舌头和下颚的更复杂的控制，使它们能够把嘴作为“第五肢”来使用，例如，猩猩只用嘴唇就能剥橙子。)”和第四段的“This advanced motor skill enables orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira.(拉米拉认为，这种先进的运动技能使猩猩能够发出类似辅音的声音。)”可知，支持Adriano Lameira关于猩猩的假设的是他们获得了高级的嘴巴运动技能，故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“This could mean that our early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “There’s a growing sense that our dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.(这可能意味着我们的早期祖先在树上闲逛时也学会了辅音。Lameira说：“人们越来越意识到，我们对树木的依赖比我们想象的要大得多，也要深得多。”)”可知，从这项发现可知，我们的祖先比人们想象的更依赖树木，故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.(“这是一个值得检验的有趣假设，”Newcastle大学的Chris Petkov说，尽管他对某些方面提出了质疑。他说，由于人类不是在树上生活的，所以辅音保留下来一定有其他原因，这可以通过在不同物种之间更系统地描述类似辅音的声音来验证。)”可知，从Chris Petkov的评论可知，对Adriano Lameira的假设的态度是谨慎的，故选B。 Passage 8 Have you ever taken a personality test and found the results to be scarily accurate, checked your horoscope and had everything come true or taken an online quiz that told you precisely what your favorite Disney princess means about you? Well, we certainly have done so too many times, so we decided to do a little investigation into how Internet -quizzes, magazines and horoscope books seem to know us so well. We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. It was named after P. T. Barnum, a famous 19th century showman, who would famously say, “There’s a fool born every minute.” Indeed, Barnum proved to be right, as pseudoscience —such as astrology and personality tests — remains popular to this day. The Bamum effect explains why extremely general statements, such as the results of your personality test, seem so specific to you. Don’t believe us? Well, late psychology professor Bertram Forer offered some proof. In a historic study, Forer conducted a personality test to his students. Forer copied statements such as “You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.” and “You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.” from the newspaper’s horoscope column and gave a test to every student. Forer asked his students to rate the accuracy of the test from one to five, with “one” being the least accurate and “five” being the most accurate. The average rating was 4.26. The universally high ratings from students on the personality test supported the Barnum effect. One of the most important factors when reproducing this study is to keep the statements as vague as possible, with a mix of mostly positive and some negative content. For example, using the phrase “at times” makes for a powerful Barnum Effect. See “At times you are outgoing and sociable, while at other times you are shy and reserved” who would not agree with that statement? So, keep in mind that we are not immune to the Barnum effect. Take everything you hear with several grains of salt. 29．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To present a controversial opinion. B．To provide an example of an idea. C．To offer a solution to a problem. D．To define the meaning of a term. 30．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Potential application of the Barnum effect. B．Further explanation of the Barnum effect. C．Supporting evidence for the Barnum effect. D．A reasonable doubt of the research process. 31．Why do so many people believe the statements in horoscope and personality tests? A．They are so specific. B．They are unclear. C．They are positive. D．They are believable. 32．How is the passage organized? A．Phenomenon—analysis. B．Cause—effect. C．Problem—solution. D．Claim—counterclaim. 【来源】湖北省恩施州教育联盟2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【答案】29．D 30．C 31．B 32．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格测试等”这一现象并分析了其原因。 29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. It was named after P. T. Barnum, a famous 19th century showman, who would famously say, “There’s a fool born every minute.” (我们发现我们都成了巴纳姆效应的受害者。巴纳姆效应是一种现象，当人们认为性格描述只适用于他们时，尽管事实上这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息。它是以19世纪著名的表演家P.T.巴纳姆的名字命名的，他有句名言：“每分钟都有一个傻瓜出生。”)”可知，文章第二段主要解释了巴纳姆效应的概念。由此推知，第二段的目的是给“巴纳姆效应”这一专业术语下定义。故选D项。 30．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段最后一句“ Don’t believe us? Well, late psychology professor Bertram Forer offered some proof. (不相信我们？嗯，已故的心理学教授Bertram Forer提供了一些证据)”和第四段“In a historic study, Forer conducted a personality test to his students. Forer copied statements such as “You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.” and “You have a tendency to be critical of yourself.” from the newspaper’s horoscope column and gave a test to every student. Forer asked his students to rate the accuracy of the test from one to five, with “one” being the least accurate and “five” being the most accurate. The average rating was 4.26. The universally high ratings from students on the personality test supported the Barnum effect. (在一项历史研究中，弗莱尔对他的学生进行了性格测试。永远复制这样的话：“你非常需要别人喜欢和钦佩你。”和“你有挑剔自己的倾向”，然后给每个学生做了一个测试，让他的学生给测试的准确性打分，从1到5，“1”是最不准确的，“5”是最准确的。平均评分为4.26分。学生们在性格测试中普遍获得的高分支持了巴纳姆效应)”可知，文章第四段通过Forer对学生的性格测试，为巴纳姆效应提供论据。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“We discovered that we’ve all been falling victim to the Barnum effect. The Barnum Effect is the phenomenon that occurs when individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them, despite the fact that the description is actually filled with information that applies to everyone. (我们发现我们都成了巴纳姆效应的受害者。巴纳姆效应是一种现象，当人们认为性格描述只适用于他们时，尽管事实上这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息)”以及倒数第二段“One of the most important factors when reproducing this study is to keep the statements as vague as possible, with a mix of mostly positive and some negative content. (在复制这项研究时，最重要的因素之一是让陈述尽可能模糊，主要是积极的内容和一些消极的内容)”可推知，很多人相信占卜和性格描述，是因为这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息，也就是说这些描述其实是很模棱两可的。故选B项。 32．推理判断题。阅读文章可知，文章第一段“Have you ever taken a personality test and found the results to be scarily accurate, checked your horoscope and had everything come true or taken an online quiz that told you precisely what your favorite Disney princess means about you? Well, we certainly have done so too many times, so we decided to do a little investigation into how Internet -quizzes, magazines and horoscope books seem to know us so well. (你是否曾经做过性格测试，发现结果非常准确？你是否曾经检查过你的星座，一切都成真了？你是否曾经做过一个在线测验，告诉你你最喜欢的迪士尼公主对你意味着什么？好吧，我们已经这么做过太多次了，所以我们决定做一个小调查，看看网络测验、杂志和占星书是如何如此了解我们的。)”提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格测试等”这一现象，而后面几个段落都在分析其原因。由此可知，本文的篇章结构为“现象——分析”。故选A项。 Passage 9 For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the open highway with the wind on your back. As gas prices rise, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener way to travel. Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a helmet, the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can wear to better protect your life. Airbags have been protecting people in car accidents for decades. Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle, teamed up with an airbag technology company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle riders, to design and produce the airbag jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s lower body, especially the tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag technology to protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause of disability among motorcycle riders.” The airbag jeans look like conventional trousers. Its component is removable and the jeans can be washed, dried, and worn again. The jeans are made of a fabric called Armalith which is stronger and weighs less than steel. Armalith helps to prevent riders from injuries caused by force of friction after a fall. The airbags fixed into the fabric help protect the rider if he or she falls off the motorcycle. If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in seconds. That’s because the mechanism is actually a chain that connects the jeans to the motorcycle. Mo’cycle’s airbag jeans are available on the company’s crowdfunding campaign along with an airbag shirt and a complete protection package. Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making the roads safer for them is certainly a worthy effort. 33．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To stress the necessity of airbags jeans. B．To show the popularity of motorcycles. C．To state the importance of wearing helmets. D．To display the excitement of highway riding. 34．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A．The tailbone injuries are hard to identify. B．The airbag jeans offer overall protection for riders. C．The airbag jeans are based on the existing technology. D．Mo’ cycle is famous for airbag design and production. 35．What is a feature of airbag jeans? A．They need fixing regularly. B．They are quick in response. C．They are comfortable to wear. D．They lead a new fashion trend. 36．How does the author feel about the prospect of the airbag jeans? A．Indifferent. B．Uncertain. C．Curious. D．Promising. 【来源】浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．B 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是安全气囊牛仔裤这种新的发明的优点。 33．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Along with the benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected by steel like you are while driving your car. Besides a helmet, the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can wear to better protect your life.(随着这些好处而来的是，如果发生事故，人身伤害的风险。毕竟，你不像开车时那样受到钢铁的保护。除了头盔，最新的安全创新，新的安全气囊牛仔裤，是个人安全气囊，你可以穿上它来更好地保护你的生命。)”可知，第1段说明了骑摩托车时如果发生事故会有人身伤害的风险，因此目的是强调安全气囊牛仔裤的必要性。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据第二段的“It reformed the airbag technology to protect the first bone of the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause of disability among motorcycle riders.(它改革了安全气囊技术，以保护脊柱的第一块骨头，因为脊柱损伤是摩托车骑手致残的主要原因。)”可知，安全气囊牛仔裤是基于现有技术的。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in seconds.(如果骑手与车辆分离，安全气囊会在几秒钟内被触发。)”可知，安全气囊牛仔裤反应迅速。故选B。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making the roads safer for them is certainly a worthy effort.(显然，他们可以为更多的摩托车骑手提供保护。让道路对他们来说更安全当然是值得的。)”可知，作者觉得安全气囊牛仔裤是有前景的。故选D。 Passage 10 It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate? Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration. In one small study, 133 students performed reading tasks while listening to either light music, hip hop, or no music at all. Students who performed the reading tasks in silence scored the highest. Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting and had a bad effect on task performance. Volume (音量) plays a more important role than the type of music. The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration. The type of music didn’t matter. Data from the study showed once again that silence was the best environment to improve concentration. However, music has a positive effect on work performance. Studies have showed that listening to music leads to positive changes in mood, as well as creativity. In fact, in music-listening cultures, which students are certainly part of, there’s actually a change in mood when the music is taken away. It’s hard to convince my students that music doesn’t help with their concentration. Taj, a senior told me, “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read. However, when I write, I feel like music helps me concentrate deeply. I don’t have writer’s block. It’s easy for me to put my words on paper.” “Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me. “You could actually be singing along with what you’re listening to and doing well in math.” 37．What does the underlined word “distracting” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Making it difficult for someone to concentrate. B．Causing great excitement. C．Making someone want to do something. D．Making someone feel frightened. 38．What can we learn from the small study? A．Students do well in reading tasks while listening to music. B．Music can’t improve people’s mood and creativity. C．Different types of music lead to different performances. D．The volume of music affects concentration. 39．What do Taj and Danela have in common? A．They believe music doesn’t help concentrate. B．They use music to help with their paper-writing. C．They can’t focus on reading while listening to music. D．They don’t listen to music while doing math problems. 40．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Should Students Listen to Music? B．Does Music Help Concentration? C．Is Music Related to Reading? D．Can Music Change Mood? 【来源】湖南省株洲市炎陵县2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题 【答案】37．A 38．D 39．C 40．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听音乐是否有助于集中注意力的问题。 37．词句猜测题。 根据第二段第一句“Research offers little to back up the idea that listening to music improves concentration.(研究几乎没有提供什么支持听音乐可以提高注意力的观点)”可知，本段主要讨论听音乐是否能提高注意力，结合画线单词上文和下文“Music with a higher intensity (强度) like hip hop was more distracting had a greater negative effect on task performance and concentration.(高强度的音乐，如嘻哈音乐更distracting，对任务表现和注意力有更大的负面影响)”可知，高强度的音乐，如嘻哈音乐是不能提高注意力的，是使人分心的，所以划线单词“distracting”的意思是“使人分心的”，和A选项“Making it difficult for someone to concentrate.(让人难以集中注意力)”意思相近，故选A。 38．细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“The study found that the louder the music, the worse the performance in concentration.(研究发现，音乐越响，注意力越差)”可知，音量会影响注意力，故选D。 39．细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段中的“Taj, a senior told me “I wouldn’t be able to concentrate if I were listening to music and trying to read.(Taj，一个高年级学生，他告诉我，“如果我听音乐并试图阅读，我会不能集中注意力”)”和最后一段中的““Maybe not with reading, but when it comes to math, listening to music certainly helps,” Danela told me.(Danela告诉我：“听音乐也许对阅读没有好处，但是当涉及到数学时，听音乐肯定有帮助。”)”可知，Taj和Danela的共同之处在于，他们在听音乐时，无法集中精力阅读，故选C。 40．主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其是第一段“It is difficult for a teacher to decide whether to allow students to listen to music in the classroom. Every time students need to write an essay or work on a problem, they say, “Can I put my headphones on? I think better that way.” But is that really true? Does music help concentrate?(老师很难决定是否允许学生在教室里听音乐。每次学生需要写文章或解决问题时，他们都会说：“我能戴上耳机吗？”我觉得这样更好。”但这是真的吗？音乐有助于集中注意力吗？)”可知，文章主要就听音乐是否有助于集中注意力进行了讨论，所以B项“Does Music Help Concentration?(音乐有助于集中注意力吗？)”适合做文章的标题，故选B。 Passage 11 Technology use seems to be the new wave of addiction hitting people of all ages. Its extreme use can be compared to the use of drugs, which is called Plug-in Heroin. The next time you’re in a crowded public place, look at the people around you. It’s hard to find someone who isn’t glued to the tiny screen, fingers moving at lightning speeds, texting their friends, emailing co-workers or listening to music. It may seem ridiculous that someone is that addicted to such a small object. I’ve seen people who seem to be at their wits’ end (不知所措) if their phone or iPad has been taken away, lost or left at home. Some people may ask, “What’s wrong with technology use? It’s a way for people to communicate.” While this is true, the overuse of technology isn’t always appropriate in certain settings. Schools are becoming stricter about the use of cell phones, iPads and other electronics in classrooms. Various workplaces have signs hanging on their walls warning employees that “Cell phone use is not permitted ”or “Cell phones are forbidden.” Electronics may be a way for people to communicate and stay in touch with each other, but the disadvantages may outweigh the benefits. People are losing the ability to hold face-to-face conversations with others. However, it’s hard to avoid electronics in this day and age because almost everything is turning into an electronic format. Books, originally meant for paper design, are now being transferred (转存) to electronic forms. Photo albums, and even yearbooks, can now be viewed via the internet. With this growing trend, future generations are bound to become even more addicted to technology. Is there a cure for electronic addiction? Simply turning electronics off for an hour or two a day may help to an extent, but it will not completely rid electronic addiction. There only seems to be one cure left, and it may be the hardest: self control. 41．What is Plug-in Heroin? A．The growing popularity of electronics. B．The serious consequences of technology use. C．The future possibility of technology development. D．The unreasonable dependence on electronics. 42．The second paragraph is intended to ________. A．prove electronics are harmful to people B．show people’s addiction to electronics C．persuade people to quit electronics D．tell people it is ridiculous to use electronics 43．According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．Cell phones can be used in all kinds of work situations. B．Cell phones and iPads can be freely applied in schools. C．Overuse of electronic products should be limited. D．There’s nothing wrong with using technology, because it’s the only way people communicate. 44．In the author’s opinion, what is the best way to cure electronic addiction? A．Turn off the electronics for an hour or two. B．Cell phones are forbidden in the workplaces. C．Be stricter about the use of cell phones, iPads and other electronics in classrooms. D．Learn to control yourself. 【来源】福建省福州市六校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（含听力） 【答案】41．D 42．B 43．C 44．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了科技使用成为了新的上瘾浪潮，人们无论年龄都受到其极端使用的影响，文章具体阐明了这一成瘾行为的危害、社会背景原因及可能的解决途径。 41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Technology use seems to be the new wave of addiction hitting people of all ages. Its extreme use can be compared to the use of drugs, which is called Plug-in Heroin.(科技产品的使用似乎是冲击各个年龄段人群的新一波上瘾潮。它的极端使用可以与毒品的使用相比，这被称为通电版的海洛因)”可知，Plug-in Heroin是指过度使用电子产品的成瘾行为。故选D。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s hard to find someone who isn’t glued to the tiny screen, fingers moving at lightning speeds, texting their friends, emailing co-workers or listening to music. (很难发现某个人不盯着手机屏幕，手指快速地翻阅手机，给朋友们发短信，给同事发电子邮件或听音乐)”以及“I’ve seen people who seem to be at their wits’ end (不知所措) if their phone or iPad has been taken away, lost or left at home.( 我见过一些人，如果他们的手机或iPad被拿走、丢失或留在家里，他们似乎就会不知所措)”可知，第二段主要描写了人们沉迷于电子产品的现象。故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Electronics may be a way for people to communicate and stay in touch with each other, but the disadvantages may outweigh the benefits. People are losing the ability to hold face-to-face conversations with others(电子产品可能是人们相互交流和保持联系的一种方式，但缺点可能大于优点。人们正在失去与他人面对面交谈的能力)”可知，过度使用电子产品这种行为危害明显，因为人们正在失去与他人面对面交谈的能力，应当被限制。故选C。 44．推理判断题。根据文章尾段“There only seems to be one cure left, and it may be the hardest: self control. (似乎只剩下一种解决办法了，这也是最难的：增强自控力)”可知，作者认为最好的摆脱沉迷电子产品的方法是增强自控力，学习控制自己。故选D。 Passage 12 Two years ago, enormous fires swept through some 46 million acres of forest in Russia, the country’s worst fire season on record. Now, researchers have a clearer sense of just how significant the 2021 boreal (北方的) forest fires were in terms of emissions. The study showed that for the past decade or so, boreal forests, especially forests in the uppermost reaches of Alaska, Canada, and Russia, have steadily become drier and hotter as heat waves and drought affected the environment. Fires in boreal forests are a normal part of the life cycle of trees that grow there. But climate change is throwing that cycle out of whack. Just in the past handful of years, forests in northern latitudes (纬度) reached a tipping point and started to produce far more emissions than usual. The researchers obtained the data for their study by tracking concentrations of emissions in the atmosphere using satellites, and then they put that information into a computer model to determine where, geographically, those emissions came from. They found that boreal forests, which typically produce about 10 percent of the globe’s annual wildfire emissions, accounted for 23 percent of the world’s wildfire emissions in 2021—more than twice as much as normal. While previous analyses have regarded 2021 as a particularly destructive year for boreal forests, the study is a valuable contribution to the field because it “offers meaningful insights about where fire emissions increased the most within boreal regions and provides potential explanations for why those emissions are increasing,” said Canadell, one author of the study. Canadell’s biggest worry is the study’s main conclusion: boreal forests have served an important and underappreciated role in reducing carbon emissions, but climate change threatens to release that stored carbon. “We need to be very careful with these systems in terms of their future evolution,” he said. 45．What does the underlined part “out of whack” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Out of date. B．Out of place. C．Out of order. D．Out of sight. 46．How did the scientists get necessary data? A．By using modern technology. B．By analyzing previous data. C．By turning to citizen scientists. D．By downloading them from the Internet. 47．What is the significance of the study? A．It worked out the solution to the emission problem. B．It found out the year 2021 was destructive for forests. C．It filled a gap in the study of the function of boreal forests. D．It pointed out the reason for increased emissions in boreal areas. 48．How does Canadell feel about the findings? A．Surprised. B．Concerned. C．Satisfied. D．Disappointed. 【来源】河南省商丘市商丘名校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题 【答案】45．C 46．A 47．D 48．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于2021年北方森林大火的研究。研究深入了解了北方哪些地区的森林大火导致碳排放量有所增多，并解释了可能导致碳排放量增多的原因。 【详解】1. 词句猜测题。根据画线词组上文的“Fires in boreal forests are a normal part of the life cycle of trees that grow there.( 北方针叶林的火灾是生长在那里的树木生命周期的正常组成部分。)”可知，大火是北方森林生命周期循环的一部分。下文“Just in the past handful of years, forests in northern latitudes (纬度) reached a tipping point and started to produce far more emissions than usual.(就在过去的几年里，北纬地区的森林达到了一个临界点，开始产生比平时多得多的排放量。)”指出在过去的几年里，北纬地区的森林所产生的碳排放量比以往多得多。且画线词组所在句子以But开头，表示转折，由此可知，气候变化使这个循环失常、混乱。由此可推断出，out of order与画线词组意思接近，表示“次序颠倒的，混乱的”。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The researchers obtained the data for their study by tracking concentrations of emissions in the atmosphere using satellites, and then they put that information into a computer model to determine where, geographically, those emissions came from.(研究人员通过利用卫星跟踪大气中的排放浓度，获得了用于研究的数据，然后他们将这些信息输入计算机模型，以确定这些排放从地理上来自哪里。)”可知，科学家在研究过程中使用了现代技术来统计必要的资料。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Canadell所说的话“offers meaningful insights about where fire emissions increased the most within boreal regions and provides potential explanations for why those emissions are increasing,(提供了关于北方地区火灾排放增加最多的地方的有意义的见解，并为这些排放增加的原因提供了潜在的解释)”可知，这项研究解释了这些地区碳排放量增加的潜在原因。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Canadell’s biggest worry is the study’s main conclusion(Canadell最担心的是这项研究的主要结论)”可知，Canadell对研究的结果是比较担心的。故选B。 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$