Unit 3 On the Move Using language Grammar 不定式作定语、状语导学案-2023-2024学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

外研版高中英语必修二 Book 2 Unit 3 Grammar 不定式-定语、状语导学案 一、不定式作结果状语的常用结构: 常用结构 adj.+enough to... 足够……去做 She was brave enough to go there alone. too...to... 太……而不能 She was brave enough to go there alone. so...as to... 如此……以至于 Yesterday morning I got up so late as to be late for school. such...as to... 如此……以至于 We are not such fools as to believe that. only to... 结果却…… They lifted a stone only to drop it on their own feet. 二、填空练习: 1.Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor(拖拉机) only -(see) it move suddenly away from me. (2020浙江卷,完形填空) 2.Volunteering gives you a chance _(改变) lives, including your own. (2013 北京) 3. The plum trees are the first _ even as the snow is melting(融化). (2020新高考英语全国卷II ) A. flower B. to flower C. flowered D. to be flowered 4. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _. (2017 天津) A.catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught 三、Group work (小组合作):Write a short passage about your favorite sport in “to-infinitive” (to-不定式) form as much as you can. Structures: 1. It’s + adj. + to do... 2. S(主语)+have/has the ability/opportunity/time/courage to do... 3. S(主语)+be+adj.+enough + to do... 4. S(主语)+be+the first/best/only+to do... Words and phrases: What: swimming/basketball/badminton/running/football... How: practice/work hard/insist on(坚持)... Why: popular/interesting/funny/easy/hard... Where: school/stadium/playground... When: after class/weekend/during holiday... 一、不定式的特征及可充当的成分 不定式相当于 、 和 ,也具有动词的特征。 不定式本领强,六种成分都能当,可以充当 、 、 、 、 。 2、 动词不定式时态和语态 否定形式:在动词不定式前加 。 动词不定式的时态 1) 一般式:不定式的一般式表示的动作与句中谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或 之后发生。 例:① They know how to weave ( 织 ) cloth . [ 同时 ] ② They invited us to go to the party . [之后] 2)进行式:不定式表示的动作在谓语动作或状态发生时正在进行。 例:I am happy to be working with you. 注:不定式的进行式也可表示将来。 如:He is believed to be coming . 3) 完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作在句中谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前发生。 例:① I am sorry to have given you so much trouble . ( 给你添了这么多麻烦很抱歉) ② She is said to have been working in Shanghai for many years . ( 据说她已在上海工作多年了 ) ③ Do let your mother know all the truth . She appears A everything . A. to have been told B. to tell C. to be told D. to be telling . 4)完成进行式:发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且持续到谓语动词的动作发生时仍在进行。 实战演练: 1. He pretend _(read) when his mother came in. 2. The engine just wont's start. Something seems _ (go) wrong with it. 3.He hated_(misunderstand) by others. 三、作定语 the Attribute 2019年全国卷II She had no plans(65.)_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 位置: 作用: 逻辑主语: 非谓语作定语时通常可转化为定语从句。 动词不定式作定语的几种特殊用法 1. 表 。The swimming pool to be built next year will attract many children. 2. 当名词被序数词, 形容词最高级, the last, the first, the only/next,或no, all,any,one,least,等修饰, 且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时, 常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man (do)the job. 改错:Hengyang is a good city to live . 作定语的不定式是不及物动词(vi),其后必须加 。 练习:She has nothing to worry _. Jack has no friends to play . He has no chair to sit . 不定式作定语常位于被修饰名词或代词之后,与被修饰词之间存有以下几种逻辑关系。 ( 1 )主谓关系:被修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑主语。如:Mr White is the first to come. ( 2 ) 动宾关系:被修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑宾语。如:He had an meeting to attend. 注:①不定式与被修饰的名词或代词具有逻辑上动宾关系,如此时不定式的动词是不及物动词。或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后应有相应的介词。a room to live in. a knife to cut with P013《 高调 》高二上。 (如不定式作其它成分,也适用此原则。如;a.I find him difficult to get along with . b.The naughty boy is hard to deal with .) 但不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place, 或way 不定式后面的介词习惯上可省去。 如:I have no place to live ( in). We find a way to solve this problem(in). ②不定式与被修饰的名词或代词具有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。若是主谓关系,则用主动形式;若是动宾关系,则用被动形式。但不定式与被修饰的名词或代词具有逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式又与该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式还是用主动形 式。不定式与被修饰的名词或代词具有逻辑上动宾关系,但它不与该句的主 语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式用被动形式。 例: He had an meeting to attend. ③ 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。如: Have you got a key to unlock the door ? ④ 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所 不同。比较: A.Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗?( 不定式to send 的 动作执行者是you ) B.Have you anything to be sent ? 你有怎么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗? 不定式to be sent 的动作的执行者是已被省略的me 或someone else . ) ( 3 )同位关系:不定式是被修饰名词的同位语。 如:The soldiers received the order to retreat( 撤退) 总结:①不定式作定语常用主动,常表将来。它相当于一个定语从句。 如: We need someone to help him \ We need someone who will help him . ②不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all,any,one,least等限定的中心词 例:He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. 四、作状语 the Adverbial to do 表 She got up very early (catch up) the first bus. 表 I rushed to the airport, only (find )that John had gone. 1.He hurried to the bus stop, only _(find )that the bus had already gone. 2. The poor man died, only (leave)nothing but debts. only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语,表示 的结果。常被only 或just 所修饰。(only) doing sth. 表示 的结果。 作状语 位置: 逻辑主语: 非谓语作状语语时通常可转化为状语从句。 不定式作状语 :表原因、目的、结果、条件等。 ( 1 )作目的状语:目的状语通常用不定式,不用分词。 如:① He came to borrow my bike . ② To master English ,we must study hard . 为了强调目的,可用“ in order to ”“ so as to ”结构。in order to 用在句首、句中都行。so as to只能用在句中。 ( 2 )作结果\程度状语:如:① He lived to ninety .他活到九十岁。 ② He hurried to school only to find nobody there . A.so\such…as to 如此 …… 以至于 例:① He shouted so loudly as to be heard a mile away . ② He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students . B. enough to 足够 例:①The boy is old enough to go to school . ②The room is big enough to hold us . 注:不定式作结果状语往往表示出乎意料或不愉快的结果,现在分词作结果状语往往表示意料之中的结果。如:① He hurried to school only to find nobody there . C. too … to 太 … … 而不能 ( 3 )作原因状语:形容词或过去分词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有:happy, surprised, ,等富含感情色彩( 喜、怒、哀、乐)的词和easy,, important, 等,。构成“主语+be+形容词/过去分词+easy, hard, pleasant, comfortable不定式”结构, 不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 例: I am sorry to trouble you . ( 4 )作条件状语:如:To look at him, you would like him . 注意:( 1 )不定式作状语,句子的主语常是不定式的逻辑主语。所以不定式作状语时,要注意不定式的逻辑主语必须要与句子的主语保持一致,如不一致,不定式要用独立主格结构。 ( 2 )不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面或作宾补用的形容词后面作状语。 例:① The school will be expensive to run . ② The question is hard to answer . ③ I find him difficult to get along with . A. 不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 例: ① He is hard to talk to . ② The book is difficult to understand . 但如果强调句中的受事者时, 亦可用不定式的被动式。 例:The handwriting is very difficult to be read . The box is heavy to be lifted . B. 不定式作表语形容词的状语,当形容词说明主语具有某一种特征时,不定式使用主动形式。 ( 3 ) 当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式多用主动形式 。 例:The naughty boy is hard to deal with. 有时主动被动无区别: The house is to let \ be let .(待租 ) ( 4 )A.不定式与疑问词who, which , when , where, how, what 等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当宾语、表语、主语等。如:How to solve the problem is very important . B .动词不定式作动词tell,show,understand,explain,teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide, wonder,find out等词的宾语时,常有wh 引导词,即how,what,whether,where,when,who等+to do。注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致,否则用宾语从句。 He showed us how to do the work.=He showed us how we should do the work. I don't know what to do.=I don't know what I'll do. 学以致用 1. (高考英语全国卷 ) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _ (create) special designs. 2. (高考英语北京卷) _ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand. 3.We got together after school. We wanted to discuss what to prepare for the party. 用不定式改写把两句合成一句 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$