内容正文:
第04讲 动词ing作宾语和表语
(
学习目标
)
内容
要求
动词ing作宾语和表语
1.了解动词ing基本情况
2. 动词ing作宾语
3. 动词ing作表语
(
知识讲解
)
关于动词ing形式的基本情况
(1). 动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
(2). 动词ing形式的时态和语态。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Having studied his lessons very hard, he passed the exam.
努力学习了功课, 他通过了考试。
The building being built now will be finished next month.
正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。
Having been laughed at for his lameness, the boy became shy and inhibited.
那男孩因跛脚被人讥笑, 变得羞怯。
【归纳用法】
时态、语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
Having done
having been done
动词ing形式作表语
1、v-ing形式作表语,表示主语的内容是什么。
Their job is building houses.
The real question is getting to know the needs of the people.
2、v-ing形式作表语,表示主语所具有的特征。
This story is very interesting.
The problem is quite puzzling.
3、注意:分词作表语有两种情况一种是-ing形式作表语,一种是-ed形式作表语。
-ing形式用来描述事物的特征,表示“令人...的”,-ed形式用来描述人的感受,表示“感到...的”。
如:exciting 令人激动的 excited 兴奋的
interesting 使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的
动词ing形式作宾语
1、v-ing形式在句中既可以用作动词后面的宾语,也可以用作介词后面的宾语。
常用v-ing形式作宾语的动词有:mind, admit, practice, risk, miss, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, suggest, appreciate, delay, imagine, keep, resist, deny, look forward to,insist on,set about等。
2、常见的动介词搭配+-ing形式:look forward to,insist on,set about, can’t help,,be proud of,be responsible for,keep on,think of,dream of,hear of,prevent…from,keep…from,stop…from,be engaged in,depend on,thank…for,aim at,be fond of,be afraid of,be tired of,succeed in,put off,give up,be worth,be busy (in) doing sth ,be interested in,be ashamed of等。
3、★高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing形式或名词:
look forward to(渴望,盼望),contribute to(捐助、贡献),get down to(着手做),give way to(让位),take to(从事),stick to(忠于、坚持),be used to (习惯于),devote oneself to (献身于),object to(反对,抗议),pay attention to(注意) ,adjust oneself to...(调整以适应...)
4、动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补语。
allow doing (√) allow to do(×) allow sb to do (√)
advise doing (√) advise to do(×) advise sb to do (√)
forbid doing (√) forbid to do(×) forbd sb to do (√)
permit doing (√) permit to do(×) permit sb to do (√)
We don’t permit smoking here.
Please permit me to say a few words.
5、以下及物动词后既可接不定式又可接动词-ing作宾语,但两者意义上有区别
remember to do记住要去做的事
remember doing记得过去曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要去做的事
forget doing忘记了过去做过的事
regret doing后悔做了某事
regret to do很遗憾地去做某事
try to do sth 努力/企图做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
6、用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构是:
sb.+动词+it+adj.+动词-ing形式
常用动词有: think, like, hate, consider, find, feel, believe等
I feel it difficult trying again.
I found it useless/no use crying over the split milk.
7、动词-ing形式的复合结构:
名词宾格/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动词-ing形式
Would you mind my/me opening the window?
Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window?
(
巩固练习
)
一、语法填空
1.She doesn’t like (label) as an incapable woman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.I have never imagined there (be) such a good hotel in this town. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.Young children across the globe enjoy (play) games of hide and seek. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.The best approach to (build) up your body is to do exercise every day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.You can’t avoid (make) mistakes in language learning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.Every worker looks forward to (have) a good boss who is kind to them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.With the locals explaining the customs in detail, we had no difficulty (figure) out the hidden spirit of the festival. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.Her job is (keep) the whole building clean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.The only thing that interests him is (dance). (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.My hobby is (collect) stamps from different countries. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14.The crucial thing is (use) body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.One of the traditions of the Spring Festival is (make)dumplings. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16.By comparison,his worst habit is (smoke) while having dinner. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17.Dr. Susan suggested Tom (take) his daughter to the zoo every Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18.We greatly appreciate your (give) us a hand when we’re faced with troubles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19.Miss Lin suggested us (adopt) a more imaginative approach to essay writing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20.The tips given in this book are useful and . (motivate) (所给词的适当形式填空)
21.The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22.She remained (stand)though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.(所给词的适当形式填空)
23.Your task is (clean) the old car over there on your own. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24.The most popular pastime for a number of old people is (play) chess. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25.The real problem is (understand) how the system works. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26.I really appreciate your (make) time in your schedule to attend the meeting today. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27.As a matter of fact ,Tom did not mind her (leave) home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28.Can you imagine his (refuse) to accept the task? (所给词的适当形式填空)
29.All the people present at the meeting think that the problem is worthy of (discuss). (所给词的适当形式填空)
30.Hence, many educators are strongly opposed to (protect)children too much in our daily routine. (所给词的适当形式填空)
二、完成句子
31.我上学期间一直讨厌别人取笑我的红头发。
I used to hate about my red hair when I was at school.
32.I can tolerate the house , but I hate it if it’s not clean.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐,但是我讨厌房间里脏乱不堪。
33.My daughter has changed a lot these days; that is to say, the film was (worth).
我女儿这些天变了很多,也就是说,这部电影很值得一看。
34.Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound .
多亏了英国人发明的“静音机”,你可以在不惹恼男孩或他的父母的情况下摆脱声音。
35.她忙着浇花,没有注意到发生的一切。(employ)
the flowers, she didn’t notice what was happening.
36.I was really grateful to my colleagues for (帮助我度过难关) difficulties. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
37.仁慈是向那些无法回报你的人伸出援手。
Mercy is who have nothing to give back to you.
38.The main task for students at school is teachers.
学生在学校的主要任务是向老师学习知识。
39.I don’t think her joke is 我认为她的笑话无趣。
40.The development of our aviation industry is
我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。
三、翻译
41.职业生涯成功的秘诀在于找到你所热爱的。(汉译英)
42.我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。(动词-ing形式作表语)(汉译英)
43.吃饺子的习俗可以追溯到汉代。(汉译英)
44.修手机他向我要了50元。(汉译英)
45.我想知道你是否方便和我一起去参观展览。(汉译英)
46.约翰已经两次跑步测试没有通过了,还扭伤了脚裸,他似乎正对自己失去信心。(seem) (汉译英)
47.顺便问一下,你是否考虑去听后天的讲座? (consider)(汉译英)
48.我喜欢走路,但是每天走着去对我来说太远了。(汉译英)
49.坐在教室里或者看电视是学不会开车的。(汉译英)
50.我父母不能容忍我在学业上落后于其他同学。(tolerate doing sth) (汉译英)
(
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第04讲 动词ing作宾语和表语
(
学习目标
)
内容
要求
动词ing作宾语和表语
1.了解动词ing基本情况
2. 动词ing作宾语
3. 动词ing作表语
(
知识讲解
)
关于动词ing形式的基本情况
(1). 动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
(2). 动词ing形式的时态和语态。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Having studied his lessons very hard, he passed the exam.
努力学习了功课, 他通过了考试。
The building being built now will be finished next month.
正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。
Having been laughed at for his lameness, the boy became shy and inhibited.
那男孩因跛脚被人讥笑, 变得羞怯。
【归纳用法】
时态、语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
Having done
having been done
动词ing形式作表语
1、v-ing形式作表语,表示主语的内容是什么。
Their job is building houses.
The real question is getting to know the needs of the people.
2、v-ing形式作表语,表示主语所具有的特征。
This story is very interesting.
The problem is quite puzzling.
3、注意:分词作表语有两种情况一种是-ing形式作表语,一种是-ed形式作表语。
-ing形式用来描述事物的特征,表示“令人...的”,-ed形式用来描述人的感受,表示“感到...的”。
如:exciting 令人激动的 excited 兴奋的
interesting 使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的
exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的
动词ing形式作宾语
1、v-ing形式在句中既可以用作动词后面的宾语,也可以用作介词后面的宾语。
常用v-ing形式作宾语的动词有:mind, admit, practice, risk, miss, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, suggest, appreciate, delay, imagine, keep, resist, deny, look forward to,insist on,set about等。
2、常见的动介词搭配+-ing形式:look forward to,insist on,set about, can’t help,,be proud of,be responsible for,keep on,think of,dream of,hear of,prevent…from,keep…from,stop…from,be engaged in,depend on,thank…for,aim at,be fond of,be afraid of,be tired of,succeed in,put off,give up,be worth,be busy (in) doing sth ,be interested in,be ashamed of等。
3、★高中阶段常见的带介词to的短语,后接-ing形式或名词:
look forward to(渴望,盼望),contribute to(捐助、贡献),get down to(着手做),give way to(让位),take to(从事),stick to(忠于、坚持),be used to (习惯于),devote oneself to (献身于),object to(反对,抗议),pay attention to(注意) ,adjust oneself to...(调整以适应...)
4、动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补语。
allow doing (√) allow to do(×) allow sb to do (√)
advise doing (√) advise to do(×) advise sb to do (√)
forbid doing (√) forbid to do(×) forbd sb to do (√)
permit doing (√) permit to do(×) permit sb to do (√)
We don’t permit smoking here.
Please permit me to say a few words.
5、以下及物动词后既可接不定式又可接动词-ing作宾语,但两者意义上有区别
remember to do记住要去做的事
remember doing记得过去曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要去做的事
forget doing忘记了过去做过的事
regret doing后悔做了某事
regret to do很遗憾地去做某事
try to do sth 努力/企图做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
6、用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。其结构是:
sb.+动词+it+adj.+动词-ing形式
常用动词有: think, like, hate, consider, find, feel, believe等
I feel it difficult trying again.
I found it useless/no use crying over the split milk.
7、动词-ing形式的复合结构:
名词宾格/名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动词-ing形式
Would you mind my/me opening the window?
Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window?
(
巩固练习
)
一、语法填空
1.She doesn’t like (label) as an incapable woman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be labeled/being labeled
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她不喜欢被称之为无能的女人。此处为非谓语动词作宾语,根据like to do sth.和like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”可知,此处使用不定式或动名词形式作宾语,且label与逻辑主语she之间为被动关系,所以此处使用不定式或动名词的被动形式。故填to be labeled/being labeled。
2.This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being touched
【详解】考查动名词。句意:这包括阻止原始环境被接触。设空处接在介词from后,应用动名词作宾语,和它的逻辑主语the original environment之间是被动关系,所以应用动名词的被动语态,故填being touched。
3.My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】chatting
【详解】考查动名词。句意:我的孩子每天花几个小时在电话上和她的朋友聊天。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.,此处为动名词作宾语,表示花费时间聊天。故填chatting。
4.I have never imagined there (be) such a good hotel in this town. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我从来没有想到这个镇上会有这么好的旅馆。作imagined的宾语,固定短语imagine doing意为“想象做某事”,因此应用be的动名词形式,there being是there be句型的非限定形式。故填being。
5.Young children across the globe enjoy (play) games of hide and seek. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】playing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:全世界的小孩都喜欢玩捉迷藏的游戏。短语enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”,动名词作宾语。故填playing。
6.The best approach to (build) up your body is to do exercise every day. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】building
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:锻炼身体的最好方法是每天锻炼。to是介词,应用动名词作宾语,故填building。
7.As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】making/having made
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一个男人,你应该有承认错误的勇气。admit doing/having done意为:承认做(过)某事,空处用动名词或者动名词的完成式形式作宾语,动名词的完成式强调“犯错误”这件事发生在“承认”之前。故填making/having made。
8.You can’t avoid (make) mistakes in language learning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在语言学习中,你无法避免犯错误。avoid是动词,意思是“避免”,后面通常跟动名词形式作宾语,即avoid doing something,表示“避免做某事”。故答案填making。
9.Every worker looks forward to (have) a good boss who is kind to them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】having
【详解】考查动名词。句意:每个工人都希望有一个对他们友善的好老板。分析可知,“look forward to doing…”,固定短语,意为“期待做某事”,“to”为介词,动名词作宾语。故填having。
10.With the locals explaining the customs in detail, we had no difficulty (figure) out the hidden spirit of the festival. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】figuring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有了当地人对习俗的详细解释,我们不难理解这个节日隐藏的精神。have no difficulty doing sth“做某事没有困难”,故填figuring。
11.Her job is (keep) the whole building clean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】keeping
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她的工作是保持整栋楼的清洁。设空处在句中作表语,可用keep“保持”的动名词,解释说明主语的具体内容。故填keeping。
12.The only thing that interests him is (dance). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dancing
【详解】考查动名词。句意:他唯一感兴趣的就是跳舞。此处表示一般性的抽象的动作,应用动名词dancing作表语,故填dancing。
13.My hobby is (collect) stamps from different countries. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】collecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我的爱好是收集来自不同国家的邮票。根据空格前系动词is可知,后面应是表语,不定式作表语强调的是具体的、将要发生的、一次性的动作;动名词作表语强调的是抽象的、经常发生的、一般性的动作。 现在分词说明主语的特征,过去分词说明主语的状态。动名词可以作表语,表示经常性的动作,根据句意,此处表示经常性的动作,用动名词作表语。故填collecting。
14.The crucial thing is (use) body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】using
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:最关键的是,使用肢体语言的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处用动名词作表语,对主语的内容进行进一步的说明和解释,故填using。
15.One of the traditions of the Spring Festival is (make)dumplings. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:春节的传统之一是包饺子。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中做表语使用非谓语动词,因空白处表示的是一个抽象的、不具体的动作,使用动名词,故填making。
16.By comparison,his worst habit is (smoke) while having dinner. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】smoking
【详解】考查动名词。句意:相比之下,他最坏的习惯是吃饭时抽烟。分析句子可知,此空应填动名词作表语。故填smoking。
17.Dr. Susan suggested Tom (take) his daughter to the zoo every Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】taking
【详解】考查动名词。句意:苏珊医生建议汤姆每周日带他女儿去动物园。动词suggest后跟doing (sth)作宾语,设空处填动名词taking,Tom与动词take之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系, Tom taking his daughter to the zoo every Sunday为动名词复合结构作动词suggested宾语。故填taking。
18.We greatly appreciate your (give) us a hand when we’re faced with troubles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】giving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们非常感谢你在我们遇到困难时给予的帮助。appreciate one’s doing sth表示“感激某人做某事”,用动名词作宾语,前面的“your”是动名词的逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构。故填giving。
19.Miss Lin suggested us (adopt) a more imaginative approach to essay writing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】adopting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:林老师建议我们用一种更有想象力的方法来写论文。短语suggest sb. doing sth.,为动名词的复合结构,作宾语,故填adopting。
20.The tips given in this book are useful and . (motivate) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】motivating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这本书中给出的建议是有用的和激励的。作表语,此处表示激励人的,应用现在分词motivating,作表语。故填motivating。
21.The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absorbing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这出戏的情节如此吸引人,女孩被它吸引住了。分析句子结构,此处用非谓语动词形式。修饰前面主语,指物用动词现在分词形式,相当于形容词作表语,absorbing吸引人的,符合题意。故填absorbing。
22.She remained (stand)though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】standing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然我们再三地请她坐下,她还是站着。remain doing一直做某事,符合题意,故填standing。
23.Your task is (clean) the old car over there on your own. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】cleaning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你的任务是自己清理那边的旧车。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作表语,根据下文“the old car over there on your own(自己……那边的旧车)”可知下文是主语task的内容,应使用动名词,故填cleaning。
24.The most popular pastime for a number of old people is (play) chess. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】playing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:对许多老年人来说,最受欢迎的消遣是下棋。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语动词,应用动名词形式作句子表语,符合题意。故填playing。
25.The real problem is (understand) how the system works. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】understanding/to understand
【详解】考查动名词/不定式。句意:真正的问题是明白该系统是如何运转的。空处应填非谓语动词作表语,表示一般性的、泛指的行为,用所给词的动名词形式,也可用不定式作表语,表示一次性的或者将来的动作,故填understanding/to understand。
26.I really appreciate your (make) time in your schedule to attend the meeting today. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】making
【详解】考查动名词复合结构。句意:我非常感谢你们今天抽空来参加这个会议。分析可知,“appreciate sb’s doing”,意为“感谢某人做的事”,动名词复合结构作宾语。故填making。
27.As a matter of fact ,Tom did not mind her (leave) home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】leaving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:事实上,汤姆并不介意她离开家。此处动名词作宾语,与her构成动名词的复合结构。故填leaving。
28.Can you imagine his (refuse) to accept the task? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】refusing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你能想象他拒绝接受这项任务吗?imagine one’s doing sth.固定搭配,意为“想象某人做某事”,故填refusing。
29.All the people present at the meeting think that the problem is worthy of (discuss). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being discussed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:所有出席会议的人都认为这个问题值得讨论。作介词的宾语,应用动名词形式,且discuss与problem构成被动关系,应用being done形式。故填being discussed。
30.Hence, many educators are strongly opposed to (protect)children too much in our daily routine. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】protecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,许多教育工作者强烈反对在日常生活中过多地保护儿童。be opposed to doing意思为:反对做某事,空处缺少动名词作宾语。故填protecting。
二、完成句子
31.我上学期间一直讨厌别人取笑我的红头发。
I used to hate about my red hair when I was at school.
【答案】 being teased
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“取笑”为动词为tease,“讨厌做某事”为hate doing sth.,主语“I”与“取笑”之间是逻辑上的被动关系,设空处填动名词被动语态作宾语。故填being teased。
32.I can tolerate the house , but I hate it if it’s not clean.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐,但是我讨厌房间里脏乱不堪。
【答案】being untidy
【详解】考查现在分词。对比中英文可知设空处意思是“不整齐”,译为“be untidy”,tolerate (sb/sth) doing,意为“忍受某人/某事……”,用动名词的复合结构作宾语,故填being untidy。
33.My daughter has changed a lot these days; that is to say, the film was (worth).
我女儿这些天变了很多,也就是说,这部电影很值得一看。
【答案】well worth seeing
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“很值得”短语为be well worth doing sth.;表示“看”应用动名词seeing,作宾语。故填well worth seeing。
34.Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound .
多亏了英国人发明的“静音机”,你可以在不惹恼男孩或他的父母的情况下摆脱声音。
【答案】without upsetting the boy or his parents
【详解】考查介词和动名词。 表示“不会做某事”可以使用without doing sth.,“惹恼某人”为upset sb.,“男孩”为the boy,“或”为or,“他的父母”为his parents,介词后接动名词作宾语。故填without upsetting the boy or his parents。
35.她忙着浇花,没有注意到发生的一切。(employ)
the flowers, she didn’t notice what was happening.
【答案】Employed in watering
【详解】考查非谓语。“忙于做”be employed in doing,空处在句中作状语,动词employ与主语she之间是被动关系,用过去分词employed,用于句首首字母大写;“浇花”water,用动名词形式作介词in的宾语。故填Employed in watering。
36.I was really grateful to my colleagues for (帮助我度过难关) difficulties. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 carrying me through
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我真的很感激我的同事们帮助我度过难关。动词短语“帮助某人度过难关”为“carry sb through”,宾语“我”为“me”,介词for后接动名词形式作宾语,故填①carrying,②me,③through。
37.仁慈是向那些无法回报你的人伸出援手。
Mercy is who have nothing to give back to you.
【答案】reaching out to those
【详解】考查动词。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知,需翻译部分是“向那些人伸出援手”,“伸出援手”可用动词短语:reach out to意为“向...提供帮助”,根据句意,此处用以描述“仁慈”的定义或特性,应用动名词作表语,译为“reaching out to those”。故填:reaching out to those
38.The main task for students at school is teachers.
学生在学校的主要任务是向老师学习知识。
【答案】learning knowledge from their
【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据句意“向……学习知识”是learn knowledge from...,可用动名词作表语;修饰teachers用物主代词their表示“他们的”。故填learning knowledge from their。
39.I don’t think her joke is 我认为她的笑话无趣。
【答案】interesting.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。现在分词作定语或表语时,一般修饰物;过去分词则一般修饰人。根据主语“her joke”及中文提示可知,用interesting。故填interesting。
40.The development of our aviation industry is
我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。
【答案】quite encouraging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。现在分词作定语或表语时,一般修饰物;过去分词则一般修饰人。根据主语“The development of our aviation industry”及中文提示“令人鼓舞的”可知用 encouraging。前用副词quite修饰。故填quite encouraging。
三、翻译
41.职业生涯成功的秘诀在于找到你所热爱的。(汉译英)
【答案】The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about.
【详解】考查定语从句。句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时。the secret to...“……成功的秘密”。“职业生涯”可用单词career。句子为主系表结构,用现在分词作表语。“找到”用动词find,“你所热爱的事情”可以翻译为someting that you are passionate about,不定代词作先行词,在定语从句中作宾语,用关系代词that引导。故翻译为The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about.
42.我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。(动词-ing形式作表语)(汉译英)
【答案】The film we saw last night was very moving.
【详解】考查定语从句,现在分词作表语。表示“非常感人的”短语为very moving,作系动词was后表语;表示“我们昨晚看的那部电影”短语为the film we saw last night ,其中we saw last night是定语从句,先行词是the film 。故翻译为The film we saw last night was very moving。
43.吃饺子的习俗可以追溯到汉代。(汉译英)
【答案】The custom of eating dumplings can date back to the Han Dynasty.
【详解】考查固定短语和主谓一致。“……的习俗”是the custom of,“吃饺子”是eat dumplings,用eating作of的宾语,“可以”是can,是情态动词,其后跟动词原形,“追溯到”是date back to,date用原形,“汉代”是the Han Dynasty,因此整句话翻译为“The custom of eating dumplings can date back to the Han Dynasty”。故答案为The custom of eating dumplings can date back to the Han Dynasty.
44.修手机他向我要了50元。(汉译英)
【答案】He charged me 50 yuan for repairing the phone.
【详解】考查短语和动词时态。“因做某事向某人收费”译为charge sb. for doing sth.;“修理”使用动词repair,动名词作宾语,句子陈述过去事情,应用一般过去时。结合其他句意,翻译为He charged me 50 yuan for repairing the phone.
45.我想知道你是否方便和我一起去参观展览。(汉译英)
【答案】I wonder if it is convenient for you to join me in visiting the exhibition.
【详解】考查宾语从句、短语和时态。说话当时的场景为“现在”,则“我想知道”使用一般现在时,翻译为“I wonder”,“是否”为“if”,它在wonder后面引导宾语从句。“对于某人而言做某事是方便的”可以使用句型“It is convenient for sb to do sth”。“for”后的宾语“你”为“you”。“和某人一起做某事”为短语“join sb in doing sth”,其中的宾语“我”为“me”,“参观展览”为“visit the exhibition”,介词“in”后面使用动名词作宾语,即“visiting”,故“我想知道你是否方便和我一起去参观展览”翻译为:I wonder if it is convenient for you to join me in visiting the exhibition.
46.约翰已经两次跑步测试没有通过了,还扭伤了脚裸,他似乎正对自己失去信心。(seem) (汉译英)
【答案】John seems to be losing confidence in himself after failing the running tests twice and twisting his ankle.
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态、不定式和介词短语。分析句子可知,“约翰已经两次跑步测试没有通过了,还扭伤了脚裸”是时间状语,用介词after构成介词短语作时间状语,“两次跑步测试没有通过”用fail the running tests twice表示,“扭伤了脚裸”用twisting his ankle表示,用并列连词and连接,在介词after后用动名词形式failing the running tests twice and twisting his ankle作宾语;“他似乎正对自己失去信心”是句子主干,主语“他”即“约翰”,用专有名词John,“似乎”作谓语,用系动词seem,描述主语现在的状态用一般现在时,单数形式,“正对自己失去信心”作表语,用不定式短语to be losing confidence in himself,其中使用了不定式的进行式,表示动作正在发生。综上, 全句译为:John seems to be losing confidence in himself after failing the running tests twice and twisting his ankle.
47.顺便问一下,你是否考虑去听后天的讲座? (consider)(汉译英)
【答案】By the way, do you consider attending the lecture the day after tomorrow?
【详解】考查动词和一般疑问句。“顺便问一下”为短语by the way,“考虑做某事”为consider doing sth,“后天”为the day after tomorrow,“听后天的讲座”表达为attend the lecture the day after tomorrow,本句询问现在的事情,表达为一般疑问句,用一般现在时,主语为“你(you)”,用助动词为do置于主语之前,故翻译为:By the way, do you consider attending the lecture the day after tomorrow?
48.我喜欢走路,但是每天走着去对我来说太远了。(汉译英)
【答案】I like walking, but it’s too far for me to walk every day.
【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。表示“我”应用I;表示“喜欢做某事”应用like doing sth.,此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为I,谓语动词用原形;表示“走路”应用walk,使用动名词形式;表示“但是”应用but;表示“每天”应用every day;表示“走着去对我来说太远了”应用it’s too far for me to walk ,it为形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。故翻译成:I like walking, but it’s too far for me to walk every day.。
49.坐在教室里或者看电视是学不会开车的。(汉译英)
【答案】You couldn’t learn to drive a car by sitting in a classroom or watching television.
【详解】考查情态动词和非谓语动词。“你”作主语,译为“you”,“学不会”作谓语,描述已发生的事,用一般过去时,译为“couldn’t learn”,“开车”为不定式作宾语,译为“to drive a car”,“坐在教室里或者看电视”用介词by引导的介词短语作方式状语,译为“by sitting in a classroom or watching television”。故译为:You couldn’t learn to drive a car by sitting in a classroom or watching television.
50.我父母不能容忍我在学业上落后于其他同学。(tolerate doing sth) (汉译英)
【答案】My parents can’t tolerate my falling behind other students in my studies.
【详解】考查动名词的复合结构和固定短语。“我的父母”为“my parents”,“不能”为“ can’t”,后接动词原形,“容忍做某事”为“tolerate doing”,其中动名词doing前面可以使用形容词性物主代词my,它是动名词的逻辑主语,“落后”为“fall behind”,fall使用动名词形式,“其他同学”为“other students ”,“在学业上”为“in my studies”,句子的谓语动词使用一般现在时,故翻译为My parents can't tolerate my falling behind other students in my studies.
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