Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Learning about Language 词汇课 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 adversity and courage Learning about Language 主讲人：南昌二中 Catherine Learning Objectives Ernest Shackleton Learn the new words with strategies including using context to guess the meaning, paying attention to affixes and roots; Understand and use the key words and expressions in this unit in different contexts; Deepen the awareness of how important it is to persevere in face of adversity. Step 1： Context clues: When you meet with new words, look at the other words and use what you know about the topic to guess their meanings. WORD LEARNING STRATEGIES DICTIONARIES PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, AND ROOTS CONTEXT CLUES Introducing word learning strategies Step 2: Guessing words and learning language points Sb happened to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 Sth happened to sb 某事发生在某人身上 …Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 1) You __________________ (碰巧在外面) when I came to your house. 2) ___________________ (真巧) I know someone who might be able to help. 3) It’s the best thing that has ever ________________ (发生在我身上). happened to be out It (so) happens that happened to me DIARY I 1914.10.31 How he joined Sir Shackleton’s expedition. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied to join the expedition Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. What do the red-bolded words mean and why? full of vigour: fit -> The word “vigour” means health and energy. Synonym同义: The word means the same as a word I know, and it appears in the context. applied->too young and wasn't qualified->so->The phrase “turned…down” means to reject or refuse something or someone. Inference推断（cause and result） text clues + general knowledge+logic Step 2: Guessing words and learning language points Step 2: Guessing words and learning language points The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. ship: stuck in the frozen ice->? by the ice->sank Inference推断（cause and result）The word “crushed” means to be squeezed until damaged. DIARY II 1915.11.21 The crew had to abandon Endurance which was stuck and crushed by ice. be sunk in sth.: to be in a state of unhappiness or deep thought 陷入不快（或沉思）中 sink sink-sank/sunk-sunk move slowly downwards below the surface of the sea sing-sang-sung 唱 ring-rang-rung 响铃 spring-sprang-sprung 跳起；反弹 drink-drank-drunk 饮 swim-swam-swum游泳 v. 下沉；沉没；沉降；下陷 adj. 位于贫穷地区的；贫民窟的 n. 洗碗槽 Step 2: Guessing words and learning language points But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up. play the banjo->up Inference推断(common sense&referential relation) The phrase “keep our spirits up” means to stay positive usually in a bad situation. Step 2: Guessing words and learning language points Step 3: Match the words with the correct definition. unpleasantly cold; a strong taste without sugar physical/mental energy and determination person whose job is to serve food and drinks to passengers on a plane/ship to wish that you had someone else’s possessions, abilities etc. to press sth. so hard that it breaks or is damaged bitter vigor steward envy crush to go down below the surface of sth. the things you own to travel to a place, especially by ship following moral standards; of a good enough standard or quality a feeling that you really feel, not one you pretend to feel determination to keep trying to achieve something in spite of difficulties – use this to show approval sink belongings voyage decent genuine perseverance Step 3: Match the words with the correct definition. 1. Find the suitable adjectives from the reading text A Successful Failure to complete the sentences.The first letter of each word has been given. 1. He behaves in a d_____ manner and we think he is a real gentleman. 2. With the gentle music, soft lights, and comfortable sofas, this café is everything you need after a tiring day. It is a c____ and relaxing place. 3. He used to be so cross and b_____________ that nobody could tolerate him, but the birth of his son changed his life and made him a better person. 4. Life was cruel to oliver when he was young. Although living a m________ life, he had a very kind heart. 5. Try to learn from your mistakes and b_____ failures. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere. 6. The young boy has demonstrated a g_______ interest in the expedition to the Antarctic. iserable enuine ecent osy ad-tempered itter ______________________拒绝(某人) ______________________生火 ______________________放出(热、光、气味或气体) ______________________ 振作精神 ______________________ 设法做某事 ______________________ 完全地 ；彻底地 ______________________ 热衷于 ______________________ 上船 ______________________ 成为被困在 ______________________ 到一个地方的探险 turn sb. down make fire give off keep one’s spirits up manage to do sth well and truly be enthusiastic about go aboard the ship become stuck in the expedition to a place Build up vocabulary 1．________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→________ v．(使)具有资格；(使)合格→____________ n．资格；资历；资格证书 2．__________ adj.热情的；热心的→_______________ adv.热情地→___________ n．热情；热忱 3．______ vt.分派；布置；分配→_____________ n．任务；作业；分配 4．_________ n．[pl.]财物；动产→________ vi.属于；应在(某处) 5．________ adj.自私的→________ adv.自私地→__________ n．自私 6．________ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求 7．________ vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)　n．决心；坚定的信念→___________ n．决议；解决；坚定；决心 8．________ adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→________ adv.残忍地；残酷地→________ n．残忍；残酷 qualified qualify qualification enthusiastic enthusiastically enthusiasm assign assignment belongings belong selfish selfishly selfishness perseverance persevere resolve resolution cruel cruelly cruelty 9．____________ adv.不幸地；遗憾地→___________ (反) adv.幸运地→________ n．运气；财产 10．________ n．指导；引导；导航→________ n．导游；指南　vt.带领；引导；为……领路 11．______________ n．广告活动；广告业→____________ vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→________________ n．广告；宣传 12．________ adj.忠诚的；忠实的→________ n．忠诚；忠实 13．___________ n．承诺；保证；奉献→________ vt.犯(错误、罪行等)　vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→___________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 unfortunately fortunately fortune guidance guide advertising advertise advertisement loyal loyalty commitment commit committed 1. The fire alarm caused a panic / worry in the theatre and the crowd fled in all directions. 2. Although my grandpa is retired, he is very enthusiastic / concerned about volunteer work. 3. The officer was assigned / employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident. 4. The sun was sinking / falling behind the mountains when we reached the top. 5. It took him a lot of vigour / energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house. 2. Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence. panic worry 1. The fire alarm caused a panic / worry in the theatre and the crowd fled in all directions. 2. Although my grandpa is retired, he is very enthusiastic / concerned about volunteer work. enthusiastic concerned employ assign 3. The officer was assigned / employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident. sink fall vigour energy 4. The sun was sinking / falling behind the mountains when we reached the top. 5. It took him a lot of vigour / energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house. abandon aboard assign crew cupboard resolve set off sink turn … down voyage After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow _________ to join the Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead. Unfortunately, his application ________________ because he was too young and not qualified enough. However, he managed to get __________ the Endurance with his friend’s help. He hid in a __________, but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. Although the captain was angry, he __________ the boy the job of cooking for the __________. Their __________ did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became stuck in the ice. Before the Endurance was crushed and __________ into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to __________ ship, and the crew had to camp on ice. They then sailed to Elephant Island. Soon after that, Shackleton selected a boat party and __________ for South Georgia Island to get help. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. resolved was turned down aboard cupboard assigned crew voyage sank set off abandon candidate commitment cruel dam motive resolution wage One hundred years ago, exploring the Antarctic was a dangerous business. Because of the __________ weather and very little knowledge of how to survive in the Antarctic, the chances of success were quite slim and many explorers died. The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low__________ and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold and_________ weather. They also had to have a strong ____________to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was, great personal discipline, and a firm__________ to the other members of the team. Yet, many__________ still applied to join such explorations. Some might have wanted to become famous. Others were looking for rewards. However, the__________ for many was to experience a great adventure. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. cruel wages damp commitment resolution candidates motive LANGUAGE POINTS 1．cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 (P40)Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young. 【翻译】奥利弗年轻时，生活对他来说是残酷的。 (1)it is cruel to do sth. 做某事是残忍的、残酷的 be cruel to sb. 对某人残酷 (2)cruelly adv. 残酷地；非常地 (3)cruelty n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为 【用法详解】 [针对练习] 选用cruel, cruelly或cruelty填空 (1)I can’t stand people who are ________ to animals. (2)So ________ is the man that he never shows any mercy to whoever is against his opinion. (3)Their beautiful dream was broken ________ . (4)You will answer for your ________ to the people around you. (5)Both were ________ tired, yet Becky said she thought she could go a little farther. cruel cruel cruelly cruelty cruelly 2. thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的；考虑周到的 【教材原句】p.40 The officer was assigned/employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident. 这名官员被指派/ 受雇对该事件进行彻底调查。 thorough understanding 透彻的了解 thorough cleaning彻底的打扫 thorough description详尽的描写 I gave the radio a thorough inspection before buying it. He was even more thorough about reading the article. 【词语积累】thoroughly adv. 非常；彻底；完全；仔细；缜密 写出句中thorough 的含义 （1）This very thorough survey goes back to 1784. ______________ （2）Martin would be a good judge，I thought. He was calm and thorough._______　 　 （3）In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan. ________　 　 【完成句子】 （4）The police officers decided to 　　_________　　　 　　（进行一次彻底的审查）of the case. （5）We are trying to 　　____________　　　 （全面了解） of the government’s financial policy. 彻底的　 细致的 考虑周到的 conduct a thorough review 　 get a thorough understanding 3．application n. 应用；申请；应用程序；敷用 (P40)Unfortunately, his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough. 【翻译】不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，不够资格。 The committee came down in support of his application. 委员会决定并宣布支持他的申请。 She applied some cream to her arms before she went out. 她出去前在胳膊上涂了些药膏。 She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher. (1)apply vt. 应用；敷药，涂抹　vi. 申请，适用；专心 apply for sth. 申请(得到)某物 apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物 be applied to适用于；应用于 apply sth. to…将某物涂抹于…… be applied to应用于 apply oneself to致力于 (2)applicant n. 申请人 [针对练习] 单句语法填空 (1)He slowed the bleeding by ________ (apply) pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. (2)So far, more than one hundred people have applied ________ this position. (3)This new medicine can be applied to ________ (treat) COVID-19． (4)His grandfather has applied ________ (he) to teaching all his life. (5)Twenty ____ ____ (apply) have asked for this job, so you are lucky to have been admitted. (6)You ought to hand in your _ _______ by the end of this month if you want this job. applying for treating himself applicants application 句式解读 1．(P41)I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. 【翻译】我肯定打了十几次电话才在这里碰到你。 【句式剖析】 在句中must have tried表示对过去情况的推测，意为“一定试过了”，语气非常肯定。 【归纳拓展】 (1)“should have＋过去分词”表示过去该做而没有做的事情。它含有责备的语气。其中，should可换用ought to(即ought to have＋过去分词)，意思不变。 You should/ought to have been here five minutes ago. 你应该在五分钟之前到达这里的。 (2)“could have＋过去分词”表示过去本来能够做但是没有做成的事。 He could have passed the entrance examination last year. 他去年本来可以考上大学的。 (3)“must have＋过去分词”表示过去一定做过某事，一种很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。注意：这个句型不可直接在must的后面加not构成否定式。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨天晚上一定下过雨，因为地上是湿的。 (4)“can’t/couldn’t have＋过去分词”也用来表示对过去情况的推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。第(3)个句型的否定式要用本句型表示其否定意义。 It can’t have rained last night. 昨天晚上不可能下了雨。 (5)“may/might have＋过去分词”表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事”。may的可能性又比might大些。He hasn’t turned up yet; he may/might have been ill. 他还没有来。他可能病了。 [针对练习] 完成句子 (1)She __might/may not have heard_____ this song. 她可能还没有听过这首歌。 (2)As there was so much noise, we couldn’t have heard_ what they were talking about. 由于有那么多的噪音，我们不可能听见他们在谈论什么。 (3)I should have paid enough attention to grammar, otherwise I wouldn’t/ shouldn’t have made these grammatical mistakes in my composition. 我本应该足够注意语法的，否则，我就不会在我的作文里犯这些语法错误了。(实际上没足够注意语法) 随堂小练 1．We are discussing something important, so could you please ________________ the TV a little? 2．___________________ I have visited this city twice, I still feel like visiting it a third time in the future. 3．The ship for Shanghai will ________________ in ten minutes. Please get on board immediately. 4．___________________ this old man，we were able to complete our research successfully. 5．Work hard, or your laziness will only ________________ failure in your future life. 6．Hearing the gun shots, the wild animals all fled ________________ in the mountain. conducted an investigation into in all directions, result in set off turn down sank into are proud of Under the guidance of Even though gets stuck in 7．All of us ________________ the great achievements we have made in the past thirty years. 8．The police ____________ ____ the accident，and finally discovered the cause of the incident. 9．The ship knocked into a huge stone underwater and ________________ the sea in the end. 10．It has been raining for several days and my car ________________ the mud and I can’t get it out. conducted an investigation into in all directions, result in set off turn down sank into are proud of under the guidance of even though gets stuck in Homework Textbook P40 ①, P46 ①; Workbook P82 ①②③； Write a summary of the reading passage. 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