Unit 1-Unit 5 拓展阅读汇总 导学案-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

选择性必修四拓展阅读 选择性必修四Unit1 Science Fiction 时文领读 主题:人与社会--科学与技术 背景导入:人工智能是一门基于计算机科学、生物学、心理学、神经科 学、数学和哲学等学科的技术科学。人工智能只是一种技术,就像任何技术一样,可以用来造福人类,也可能会给人类带来危害。我们需要以负责和道德的方式使用人工智能,国际社会也需要应对人工智能带来的挑战。 体裁:说明文 词数:401 难度:中 能带来的挑战。 阅读用时:8 分钟 阅读技巧:训练学生理解文章细节的能力。 拓展阅读原文 In the years ahead, AI will raise three big questions for bosses and governments. One is the effect on jobs. Although bosses publicly praise the broad benefits AI will bring very much, their main interest lies in cutting costs. One European bank asked a technology company to find a way of reducing the staff in its operations department from 50,000to 500.A special report has shown that AI-enhanced" tools can help reduce staff in departments such as customer service and human resources by a large amount. The McKinsey Global Institute finds that by 2030 up to 375 million people, or 14% of the global workers in companies or countries, could have their jobs automated away. Bosses will need to decide whether they are prepared to offer and pay for retraining, and whether they will give workers time off for it. Many companies say they are all for workers developing new skills, but not at employers' expense. The second important question is how to protect privacy as AI spreads. The Internet has already made it possible to track people's digital behaviour in extremely small detail.AI will provide even better tools for businesses to monitor consumers and workers, both online and in the physical world. Consumers are sometimes happy to go along with this if it results in personalised services. But AI probably brings privacy violations that are seen as shocking and morally unacceptable. In the wrong hands, useful technology could be against fair and equal treatment. The police around the world will use AI to spot criminals, but may also look on ordinary citizens secretly, in order to discover things or find out information about them. New rules will be needed to ensure agreement on what degree of monitoring is acceptable. The third question is about the effect of AI on competition in business. Today many firms are competing to provide AI-enhanced tools for companies. But a technology company that achieves artificial intelligence could be ahead of its competitors, put others out of business and lessen competition. This is unlikely to happen in the near future, but if it did, it would be of great concern. 词汇拓展： ①AI-enhanced adj.人工智能增强的 ②automate vt.使自动化 ③privacy n.隐私 ④personalised adj.个性化的 ⑤violation n.侵犯;违背;妨碍 真题训练 [全国新高考ⅡI2021 ·D篇] An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low- tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags(标签)on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地)of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes. Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes. For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry-and failed attempts to use technology- have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago,still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick. Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey,vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen , making them appealing targets. 1. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry? A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers. C.Aging machines. D. Low profitability. 2. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do? A. Monitor the quality of grass. B.Cure the diseased cattle. C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes. 3. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle? A.He wants to help them earn a living. B.He thinks men can do the job better. C.He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life. 4.How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey? A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor. C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen. 选择性必修四Unit2 Iconic Attractions 时文领读 主题:人与社会--历史、社会与文化 背景导入:我们的地球上大约有190个国家和70亿人口,因此必然有多种不同的文化存在。每一种文化都有自己的特色,我们应该如何应对“文化冲突”,实现文化和谐呢?通读全文,你会明白,不同的 文化之间没有优劣之分,只有特色之别。只有在交流互鉴中才能共同发展,才能推动人类社会不断进步。 体裁:说明文 词数:393 难度:中 阅读用时:8分钟 阅读技巧:训练学生分析长难句的能力,进而准确地理解关键信息和把握文章的中心内容。 阅读原文 With approximately 190 countries and 7 billion people on Earth, it is not hard to imagine that many diverse cultures exist. In the US, the cultural landscape has been shaped by Native Americans and by African, Latin American, and Asian countries. This is the reason why the term “the vast melting pot” fits this country, as different cultures have contributed to distinct characteristics. Like many others, I came to this country when I was young. While we adapted to most cultural norms here in the US, some of us have kept a few from our origins, and this has been the beauty of this country--it lets you assimilate easily in its culture, while keeping your distinct identity.To me, cultural diversity means merging different cultures: not only introducing good aspects of your culture to others, but also accepting the positives of a new culture. Culture shapes our identity and influences our behaviour, and cultural diversity makes us accept, and even to some extent, integrate and assimilate into other cultures. Cultural diversity has become very important in today's world. By learning about people of different cultural backgrounds,we can broaden our horizons, have better interpersonal dialogues and communicate more on a personal level. We need to start thinking about the positives of different cultures. Sometimes a person might not know very much about geography or history but by mingling and mixing with people from other cultures, they are given the opportunity to possibly learn about the geography, religions and customs of different countries. Being open to learning about different cultures can also encourage people to have diverse friend groups. For those who want to learn about other cultures but do not know where to start, a great place to start is picking up a book and reading about the cultures that interest them, or doing research online from reputable sites. The best way to learn, though, is through face-to-face interaction with a person of the culture you would like to learn more about. In today's world, if we are all able to respect and know about other cultures, and respect values and beliefs of others, life would be easier for most of us, and we can learn a lot of good things from each other. I know that I have learnt a lot in this process, and I continue to learn each and every day. 词汇拓展： ①landscape n.景色;景观 ②norm n.规范;标准 ③assimilate vt. & vi.(使)融入;(使)同化 ④merge vt. & vi. 融合 ⑤integrate vt.&vi.(使)融入;(使)合并 真题训练 [全国甲2022·C篇]As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go," she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way. ” In March 2008,Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“ From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 1. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge”underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B.Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise. 2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C.A discount fare. D. A friend's invitation. 3. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D.It needs to be fully introduced. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D.Meeting animals in Antarctica. 选择性必修四Unit3 Sea Exploration 时文领读 主题:人与自然--人与动植物 体裁:说明文 词数:293难度:中 阅读用时:8分钟 背景导入:无法抗拒之“暖”--与海洋酸化相比,日益上升的气温是对珊瑚更为直接的威胁。珊瑚,尤其是热带珊瑚,适应气候的能力较弱,极易受到海水表面高温的伤害。当海水温度升高时,与珊瑚共生的藻类就会大量离开,成片的彩色珊瑚因此会变惨白,而后很快死去,这种现象被称为珊瑚白化或“白色瘟疫”。 阅读技巧:训练学生根据语境进行合理推断、猜测词义的能力。 原 文 Coral Reefs: the First Indicator of Climate Change Here in the northern Red Sea in the Bay of Aqaba , Israeli scientists have discovered something extraordinary. Despite higher water temperatures, these corals are healthy and even thriving. We found that corals are not bleaching. We've never witnessed any bleaching event which is so common elsewhere. To find out why, small corals were subjected to bleaching conditions in the laboratory. Their ruddy colour is a sign of good health. Bleaching conditions are usually considered as 1 to2 degrees above the summer maximum and there was no bleaching. We elevated the temperature furthermore and only at 5 and 6 degrees above some maximum , they showed signs of stress and bleaching. But how can the corals here withstand such high temperatures when mass coral bleaching is occurring elsewhere? The answer may be found18,000 years ago when the Red Sea was much hotter. In order to survive conditions, extremely hot conditions in the southern Red Sea, they had to be or undergo selection towards thermally resilient(耐热的)corals. Those that suffer from the hot, the very hot conditions down there didn't survive, and so corals that we see here nowadays are the ones that are descendants of the ones that survived. The study also indicates that future generations of coral in the Bay of Aqaba will also be immune to bleaching. And while we're aware that temperatures are rising in the Gulf of Aqaba, perhaps at a faster rate than the global average, still we have about a hundred years before these corals will experience bleaching conditions or cross the bleaching threshold®. Coral reefs are often the first indicator of climate change. Their loss would raise the risk of extinction of thousands of fish species and other marine life. 词汇： ①bleach vt.(使)变白;漂白;晒白;褪色 ②be subjected to经受,承受,遭受,经历 ③ruddy adj.红的;红润的 ④withstand vt.承受;经受住 ⑤be immune to对……有免疫力;不受……的影响 ⑥threshold n.阈值;临界值 真题训练 [全国新高考I2021·C篇]When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地). In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的)waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding”Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C.Pollution of rivers. D.Arrival of other wild animals. 2. What does the underlined word“decimate”mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B.The National Wildlife Refuge System C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 选择性必修四Unit4 Sharing 时文领读： 主题:人与社会--一公益事业与志愿服务 体裁:记叙文 词数:380 难度:中 阅读用时:8分钟 背景导入:几乎所有的美国公立和私立高中都会要求学生在毕业前必须参加一定时长的社区服务工作。服务的形式各种各样,多为公益性活动。例如,去海边或者山里捡垃圾、种树、给流浪汉发放食物等。社区服务是大学申请时考查学生的一项内容。大多数美国大学会为积极参与社区服务的学生提供奖学金。 阅读技巧:训练学生推理判断的能力。 Community Spirit Community service is a kind of unpaid work done to help a particular group of people. Hands-on°community service is required at my school. Not only can it benefit others but it is also extremely educational for students, as it gives us a close look at real-world problems and helps us think beyond the context of the classroom and testing. Homelessness is a major crisis throughout the world and it's especially prevalent in Los Angeles in the United States, where I live. In and around Los Angeles, approximately 50,000 people have no choice but to live on the streets in horrible conditions. In order to help, I volunteered for different organizations, making and handing out food to homeless people. One particular volunteer programme caught my eye, and it's called Share a Meal. On every Thursday night, we volunteers for Share a Meal met at a food truck, where we took turns making burritos(墨西哥卷).A burrito is a type of food that is high in calories and protein, making it ideal for homeless people. Volunteers also brought water and bananas. After making the burritos , volunteers drove to neighbourhood of homeless people, where we handed out the burritos and other food. Interacting with the homeless people was a very valuable experience. Listening to their life stories made me sad, but their warmth and hope for the future were great to see. A young lady with braided hair(麻花辫) borrowed the group leader's cellphone and talked to her parents cheerfully. A muscular man with tattoos(刺青)warned me not to quit high school. An old couple living with two dogs in a tent let my friend pet the dogs. The couple was happy and appreciative to see that their presence in the community was not being ignored. The vast majority of the homeless face prejudice that makes finding a job and getting back on their feet again much harder than it is for people with homes. Realising how lucky I am, I want to try my best to be a helpful person and be more actively involved in making the community a better place. 词汇拓展： ①hands-on adj.亲身实践的;亲自动手的 ②prevalent adj.普遍的;流行的 ③approximately adv.大约;近似地 ④pet vt.抚摸 ⑤prejudice n.偏见 真题训练 [北京2021· B篇]I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(学期)project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children(OIC).My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind. Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝望)and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits-one kit, one child. The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on. When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget. In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education. 1. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning? A. It would affect his/her initial plans. B. It would involve traveling overseas. C.It would not bring him/her a good grade. D. It would not live up to his/her expectations. 2.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project? A. Images of Iraqi children. B. Research by his/her classmates. C.A teacher's introduction. D.A representative's comments. 3. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to. A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children 4.What can we conclude from this passage? A. One's potential cannot always be underrated. B. First impression cannot always be trusted. C. Actions speak louder than words. D.He who hesitates is lost. 选择性必修四 Unit5 Launching Your Career 时文领读 主题:人与自我--优秀品行 体裁:议论文词数:355 难度:中 阅读用时:7分钟 背景导入:《史记·平原君虞卿列传》里记载,战国时期,赵国平原君的门客毛遂自我推荐跟随平原君前往楚国游说楚王与赵国结盟,成语“毛遂自荐”便由此而来。“毛遂自荐”后用于借指自己推荐自己。本篇阅读通过一个耳熟能详的中国故事,探讨了受职场欢迎的“quiet confidence (沉着的自信)”的品质。 阅读技巧:训练学生通过寻找主题句归纳文章主旨的能力。 Importance of Quiet Confidence Modesty is a quality that's valued in many cultures, and for good reasons: Adam Grant,a US psychologist, once said,“If you were really competent (能干的)，your work would speak for itself. " This is why it's quite a surprise for a phrase like“毛遂自荐”to exist in Chinese culture, which sees modesty as one of the most precious virtues of all. During the Warring States Period(475BC一221 BC)，the Qin army came to the walls of Handan, the capital of Zhao. Seeing that Handan was in danger, Lord Pingyuan of Zhao decided to seek help from the state of Chu.He wanted to pick 20 talented people to go with him. However, among his followers, he could only find 19 who were good enough. Then, a man named Mao Sui came to recommend himself. Lord Pingyuan looked at Mao Sui with doubt.“How long have you been here with me?" he asked. “Three years,"Mao Sui answered. "I have heard that a person with talent is like an awl(锥子) in a cloth bag. Its sharp point will soon pierce through the bag. You've been here for a long time, but I haven't seen any of your achievements. Maybe you don't have any talent?” said Lord Pingyuan. “What I'm asking you now is to put me into that bag. If you do that, I, not only the point, but the whole awl, will pierce through it," Mao Sui said confidently. Lord Pingyuan was impressed. He allowed Mao Sui to join his team, and Mao soon proved to be just the help that he needed. The phrase“Mao Sui recommending himself” is now used to describe someone who volunteers to do a task. But the tricky thing here is that there is a fine line between being self-confident and being arrogant(自大的). “While self-confidence is important for success , strong egos(自我意识)can harm career ambitions,"Jeffrey Kudisch,a professor at the University of Maryland，wrote on The Washington Post website.“ Most of the recruiters(招聘人员) and organisational® leaders are looking for candidates who are ‘ grounded⑥，rather than those who like to boast(吹嘘)about their abilities and experiences. ” 词汇拓展： ①virtue n.美德 ②seek vt. & vi.寻求;寻找 ③pierce vt. & vi. 刺破 ④tricky adj.微妙的;难对付的 ⑤organizational adj.组织的 ⑥grounded adj.对自己有清醒认识的 真题训练 [浙江2020年7月·C篇]Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age , a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then,for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激),demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive (认知)function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’overall health status. “This works just like physical exercise,”says Francisca Then， who led the study. “ After a long run, you may feel like you're in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work--sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.” It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调),”she says.“You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.” Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons--including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still,continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 1.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests? A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits. C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability. 2.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? A. By using an expert's words. B. By making a comparison. C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept. 3. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs C.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$