专题01 核心知识归纳【知识串讲】-2023-2024学年七年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（牛津译林版）.

核心知识归纳 主讲人：小k君 1 ·模块一 U1核心知识清单 ·模块二 U2核心知识清单 ·模块三 U3核心知识清单 ·模块四 U4核心知识清单 ·模块五 U5核心知识清单 ·模块六 U6核心知识清单 ·模块七 U7核心知识清单 ·模块八 U8核心知识清单 ·模块九 核心知识专练50题 2 1. It is great fun. 这是件挺有趣的事。 句中fun为不可数名词，意为“乐趣、娱乐”；形容词adj. funny ：滑稽的，好笑的， 奇怪的。 fun的短语有：have fun 玩得开心；make fun of 取笑，开玩笑； for fun 开玩笑地 例句： We had a lot of fun in your birthday party. 我们在你的生日晚会上玩得很开心。 have fun with sb./sth. 和某人/某物玩得开心 have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心= have a good/great time= enjoy doing sth. /enjoy oneself (myself/yourself/yourselves…) 3 2.I also have a bedroom of my own.我也有自己的房间。 =I also have my own bedroom. own (1)①(adj.) 自己的 用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，加强语气 ②(vt.) 拥有 ③owner (n.)物主；所有权人；主人 4 (2)of one's own 属于某人自己的 a bedroom of my own相当于my own bedroom，前者中的own是代词，后者中的 own是形容词。 of one's own与on one's own ①of one's own 在句中一般用作定语。 I have a bike of my own. 我有一辆属于自己的自行车。 ②on one's own 意为“单独地；独自”，在句中一般作状语，相当于alone, by oneself。 Lily goes to school by bus on her own every day. 莉莉每天独自乘公共汽车去上学。 5 3. I hope to visit your home some day.我希望有一天能去拜访你家。 (1)hope v.希望，期望；n.希望期望 ①hope to do sth.希望去做某事 I hope to have my own bike.我喜欢有辆我自己 的自行车. hope sb. do sth. I hope you have a good time.我希望你玩得高兴. ②hope +(that)从句， I hope I can visit your home some day. 注：“希望某人做某事”不能用hope sb. to do sth. 表示，而应该用“hope＋that 从句”。 6 (2)some day ①some day 将来有一天，总有一天 →只用来指将来(也可写作someday) ②one day 某一天 →可以指过去，也可以指将来 ③the other day 前几天 →常用于一般过去时 4.Your garden is full of flowers.你的花园里都是花。 be full of意为“满是”，表示状态。full作形容词，意为“满的；饱的”，其反义词为 empty或hungry。 fill 作动词意为“使……充满；将……装满”fill…with意为“用……装满……” be full of＝be filled with 意为“充满……；装满……” 7 5. I would like to invite my friends to watch films with me at the weekend. 在周末，我想邀请朋友来看电影。 invite (v.) 邀请 invitation (n.) 邀请 an invitation letter 一封邀请函 invite sb. to someplace 邀请某人去某地或参加活动 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人去做某事 invite sb. for dinner 邀请某人吃饭 注：一般来说，当用invite表示邀请某人到某个地方或是邀请某人参加某活动 (如晚会、聚会、典礼、婚礼、招待会、记者会等)，通常与介词to搭配。 如果是邀请某人吃饭、喝茶、喝酒等，则用介词to和for均可。They invited us over for a drink. 8 6. Each room has a new computer. 每间房间都有台新电脑。 each 用于两者及以上的每一个，后面可以直接跟 of。如 each of them/you/us every 用于三者及以上的每一个，后面不能直接跟 of，如要表示每一个，可用 every one。如every one of them/you/us 注：当each在主语前面用单数，例如：Each student has a book. Each of the students has a book. 当each在主语后面，主语是复数情况下，用复数(放在复数名词和代词后作同位语， 谓语动词用复数形式)例如：They each have books. 9 7.country n. 国家；农村(教材P6) a country 国家 the country 乡村 live in the country 住在乡下 Which country are you from? 你来自哪个国家？ The country is very beautiful in yellow autumn. 金色的秋天，乡下很美丽。 8. stay (教材17) vt.& vi.停留；停止vi.继续处于某种状态n.逗留 stay at home 呆在家里 10 stay healthy 保持健康(stay作系动词用，后面跟形容词) stay up 熬夜 stay away 远离 during my stay in Beijing 我在北京的逗留期间 I always like to stay in the study at weekends. 我周末总是喜欢呆在书房里。 9.We often listen to music in bed. 我们经常躺在床上听音乐。 (1)in bed 意为 (躺)在床上，bed 前无冠词修饰。 (2)on the bed 表示某样东西在床上。 10. I love to sit there and look out at the beach and the sea. 我喜欢坐在那 里向外看海滩和海。 look out at sth. 向外看…… look out of… 看……的外面 look out 向外看，小心 11 look like 看起来像 look up 查阅(字典/资料)，向上看 look after 照顾 look for 寻找(强调动作) 11. Can you ask him to call me back?你能让他给我回电话吗？ (1)ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要去做某事 ask (sb.) for sth. (向某人)要某物 (2)call sb. back 回电话 call sb.=give sb. a call 给……打电话 call on sb. 拜访某人，号召 call for需要，要求 call off取消 call up打电话，使想起 Please call me back at six o'clock. 请在六点钟给我回个电话。 I got a call from my parents. 我接到了父母的电话。 12 12.There are twenty restaurants in town. 镇上有二十家餐馆。 There are about 8,000,000 people living in London. 大约有八百万人住在伦敦。 ①表示某地有……，用there be 句型，谓语动词就近原则。 ②表示有事情要做，用there be sth to do ③表示有某人正在做某事，用there be sb doing sth.。 13.Would you like to live in a palace ? 你想住在宫殿里吗？ 句中would like sth/to do sth. 意为“想要……/想要做什么”。如： I would like a cup of coffee.=I want a cup of coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。 They would like to share a room. =They want to share a room. 他们想要共住一间房间。 13 Would you like…? 表示邀请、请求或抱怨。如： (1)Would you like to come to dinner tomorrow ?明天你来吃饭，好吗？ Yes, thank you. 好，谢谢您。 (2)Would you like to clear the table ? 你收拾一下桌子好吗？ Okay .行。 (3)Would you like to turn that music down ? 你把那音乐的声音调低一点儿好吗？ Yes, sorry. 可以，对不起。 Would like sb.to do sth. 想让某人去做某事，如： I'd like you to wash the shoes for me. 我想让你帮我洗鞋子。 14 1.Where are you going? 你要到哪儿去？ go 可以用进行时态来表示将来的动作。如：He is going to Paris. 他要去巴黎了。 [拓展] 类似的词还有come, go, leave, move等。如：Look! The bus is coming. 看！公共 汽车就快来了。 I'm leaving. Bye! 我要走了，再见。 We're moving to Beijing. 我们就要看搬到北京去了。 15 2.I'm going to visit our new neighbours. 我打算去拜访我们的新邻居。 be going to 表示将来，后接动词原形，be随主语而变化。be going to 句型一般指 “经过计划安排之后准备做某事”。如： Zhang Hua is going to study abroad next year. 张华明年准备出国留学。 She's going to visit Nanjing this summer. 这个暑假她打算游览南京。 16 3.I'm afraid they won't welcome visitors like you. 恐怕他们不会欢迎像你这样 的旅客。 afraid 作形容词，意为“害怕的” ，常有以下几种用法： ①be afraid that… 表示“担心、恐怕”之意，是一种委婉的语气。如 We are all afraid that Jack can't come here on time.我们都很担心杰克不能按时来。 ②be afraid of sth/doing sth 表示“怕……；担心……”。如： The little girl is afraid of going out at night. 这个小姑娘害怕在夜间外出。 ③be afraid to do sth 表示“怕……”之意。如： Isn't he afraid to die? 难道他不怕死吗？ 17 4.Most of them have 14 floors. 它们大多数有14层。 ①most 作形容词，意为“大多数，在部分”，修饰名词。如： Most students are good at Chinese. 大多数学生擅长汉语。 ②most 作代词，意为“大多数，大部分”，此时可以和of搭配。但most of 后面若跟 名词，名词前需要定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰；most of 后若跟代词，应该 跟宾格。如： Most of the people singing are women. 唱歌的人之中，大部分是妇女。 Most of them are teachers. 他们中的大多数是教师。 ③most 作副词，意为“很；颇”，相当于very。 I like this magazine most. 我最喜欢这本杂志。 18 5.They help us with all kinds of problems. 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。 Help sb with sth 意为“帮助某人解决某种困难”，相当于help sb (to) do sth。 如： He often helps me with my maths. = He often helps me to learn maths. 他经常 帮我学习数学。 19 [拓展] help的常见短语： ①help sb with sth =意为“帮助某人做某事”。 ②can't/couldn't help doing sth 意为“禁不住做某事”。如：She can't help crying.她 忍不住哭了。 ③help oneself to … 意为“随便吃……”。如： Help yourself to some fish, children. 孩子们，随便吃点鱼。 ④help sb (to) do sth 意为“帮助某人做某事”。 I often help my mother to clean the room. 我经常帮助我的妈妈打扫房间。 20 6.There's something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑坏了。 something 的基本意思是“某物，某事”，主要用于肯定句中，要否定句或疑问句中 通常用anything。有时为了表示一种较肯定的意味或提出申请等，something也可用 于非肯定句中。 注意：something用于主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，其相应的代词也用单数形式； something有形容词修饰时，定语应后置。如： Something is wrong with the TV. 这台电视出了毛病了。 I have something important to tell you. 我有些重要的事要告诉你。 Would you like something to eat? 你想要吃什么东西吗？ 7.My cousin Annie's bicycle is broken, so she's going to ask someone to fix it. 我表妹安妮的自行车坏了，因此打算请人修它。 ①本句是由并列连词so 连接的并列句，so意为“因此；所以”。如： Jack was ill, so he didn't go to school. 杰克病了，因此没有去上学。 ②broken作形容词，意为“弄坏了的；伤残的”，broken 常用于器皿、玻璃、钟表等。 如： -What's the time? -什么时间了？ -I don't know, my watch is broken. -我不知道，我的表坏了。 I think the doorbell must be broken－I didn't hear anything. 我想门铃一定是坏了－我没有听见任何声音。 22 ③fix用作动词，意为“修理，使固定”，与repair同义。如： Can this computer be fixed here? 这台电脑可以修吗？ I must get the MP5 fixed. 我必须找人把台MP5修理好。 8.You're lucky to have a community centre like that, Simon. 西蒙，你很幸运能有像这样的社区。 lucky作形容词，意为“幸运的”，在句中常作定语和表语。它的名词形式为luck，它 的副词形式为luckily。如： I was lucky enough to meet Li Ping there . 我很幸运在那儿遇到李平。 He is really a lucky dog. 他真是个幸运的家伙。 Good luck! Best wishes! 祝你好运！ Luckily, Mr Zhang is here and can give you a hand. 好在张老师在这里，可以帮你一把。 23 9.That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像是好主意。 ①sound用作连系动词，意为“听起来”。sound like 意为“听起来像”。如： That sounds good. 这话听起来很好。 How sweet her voice sounds! 她的声音多甜啊！ But it sounds like there is something wrong with the machine. 听起来好像这机器 出了问题。 The idea sounds like fun. 这个主意听起来很有趣。 ②That's a good idea. 适用于表示同意别人的建议。表示“那是个好主意。”、如： -Let's have a rest and find something to eat. -让我休息一下，找点吃的吧！ -That's a good idea. -那是个好主意。 24 10.Please look at the information below. 请看下面的信息。 ①information 是不可数名词，意为“信息”，a piece of information 意为“一条信 息”。如： Can you give me any information about the meeting? 你能给我提供这次会议的信 息吗？ ②below用作介词，意为“在……以下”。如： At night, the temperature will fall below zero again. 在夜里温度将又下降到零度 以下。 There stands a chair below the window. 窗户下有一把椅子。 below用作副词，意为“在下面；向下”。如： See the note below. 看下面的注解。 The officer ordered them to go below. 军官命令他们下去。 25 11.They will make you feel better! 他们将使你感觉好些！ Better可以用作形容词或副词，它是good, well的比较级，意为“较好，更好”。如： There must be a better way to do this. 一定有更好的方法做这件事。 He can speak English a lot better than I can. 他讲的英语比我好多了。 I think I like the red one better. 我想我更喜欢红色的那个。 26 12.Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home? 你正担心穿什么去参加聚会或如何设计你的家吗? ①worry不及物动词，意为“担心；发愁”，常与about连用，表示“为……而担心”。 如： My parents often worry about my maths. 我父母经常担心我的数学。 [拓展] worry作及物动词，意为“使……担心；使……发愁”。如： His carelessness worries me. 他的粗心叫我担心。 27 [联想] worry作形容词，意为“担心的；着急的”。如： Don't be worried about me . I will work hard. 别担心我，我会努力的。， ②what to wear to a party 穿什么去聚会；how to design your home如何设计你 的家。它们是“疑问句+to+动词原因……”结构，在句中常用作宾语、主语或表语。 如： I don't know how to get there. 我不知道如何到那儿。 The question is where to buy the dictionary. 问题是到哪儿去买这本字典。 28 1.An old friend of mine is coming to see me, Hobo.霍波,我的一位老朋友要来 看我。 an old friend of mine意为“我的一位老朋友”,“名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词的所 有格”是双重所有格结构。 a friend of hers她的一位朋友 a book of his sister's他妹妹的一本书 29 2.Maybe we can order a pizza……也许我们可以订一个比萨饼… (1) order为及物动词,意为“订购;点(菜、饮料或酒水等)。 What shall I order for dinner?我晚餐点什么菜呢? (2) maybe是副词,意为“也许,可能”,在句中作状语,常位于句首。 Maybe she'll come this afternoon.她可能今天下午来。 Maybe you put the letter in your pockets.你可能把信放在衣袋里了 30 易错提醒:在may be中,may是情态动词,be是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,意 为“也许是,可能是”. I can't find my watch. It may be in your pocket. 我找不到我的手表了,它可能是在你的口袋里。 He may be a soldier.他可能是一个军人。 拓展 maybe和 may be可相互转换。 He may be in the office.= Maybe he is in the office. 他或许在办公室。 You may be right.=Maybe you are right.你或许是对的。 31 3.They can try some Chinese food.他们可以品尝一些中国食物. try some Chinese food意为“品尝一些中国食物”,其中try是动词,意为“品尝,尝试”。 Let's try some different kinds of food from all over the world. 让我们来品尝一些来自世界各地的不同种类的食物吧。 Don't give up.Try again. 别放弃。再试试。 拓展:try还可作名词,意为“尝试”. I want to have a try.我想试试。 提醒: try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”; try/do one's best to do sth.意为“尽某人最 大的努力做某事”,否定形式为“ do/try one' s best not to do sth.” 4.Is it enough for a tin of dog food.它(钱)够买一罐狗食吗? enough意为“足够的”. Is there enough room for me?有足够的地方给我吗? 拓展 enough作副词时,放在所修饰的形容词、副词之后;enough作限定词时,常放在 所修饰的名词之前。 It is warm enough today.今天相当暖和。 There is enough food for everybody.每个人都有足够的食物。 33 5.There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town. 在阳光镇有许多要做的事情。 lots of things to do意为“许多要做的事情”,其中to do为动词不定式作定语,表示将 来要做的事,修饰前面的things。 I have something to tell you.我有事要告诉你。 We have much homework to do tonight.今晚我们有很多家庭作业要做。 It takes only40 minutes by underground.乘地铁只需花费40分钟。 本句是省略句,其完整形式应为: It takes only 40 minutes to get there by underground. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.意为“花费(某人)一些时间做某事”,该句型中It为 形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式 to do sth. It takes me about an hour to do my homework every day.我每天要花费大约一个 小时做家庭作业。 34 6.Sunshine Town is not far from the centre of Beijing.阳光镇离北京市中心不远。 be far from.意为“离……远”,相当于be far away from,反义词组为be close to,意为 “距离…近”。 拓展：若要表示确切的距离，要用固定结构“be+基数词+长度单位+away from……”。 The new supermarket is one kilometer away from my home.那家新超市离我家一 公里远。 35 7.If you want to learn more about Chinese art, don't miss the opera shows there. 如果你想要更多地了解中国艺术,就不要错过那里的京剧表演。 miss动词,意为“错过”。 He often gets up late and misses the early bus. 他经常起晚,错过早班公交车。 拓展miss作动词,还可以意为“怀念,思念”。 The students go home twice a month. They miss their parents very much. 学生们每个月回家两次。他们很想念父母。 提醒miss的首字母大写,即Miss,意为“小姐”,用于未婚女子姓氏或姓名前,以示礼貌。 Miss smith is our teacher.史密斯小姐是我们的老师。 36 8.We are looking forward to meeting you soon我们盼望不久就能见到你们。 look forward to是一个固定短语,意为“期盼,盼望”。to是介词,后接名词、代词或动 词的-ing形式, 不能跟动词原形。 All the children look forward to the Spring Festival.所有的孩子都盼望着春节。 I'm looking forward to hearing from you.我期盼着收到你的信 37 9.Beijing duck is very famous.北京烤鸭很有名。 famous是形容词，意为“著名的，出名的”。 He is a very famous artist.他是一位著名的艺术家。 搭配：①be famous for意为“以……而出名/著称”。 China is famous for its silk.中国以它的丝绸而出名。 What's he famous for?他以什么而出名? ②be famous as意为“作为……而出名” Lang Lang is famous as a great pianist.郎朗作为伟大的钢琴家而出名。 38 10.If you do not like Chinese food, there are some Western restaurants too. 如果你不喜欢中餐的话,也有一些西餐馆。 本句是一个含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句,主句为 there are some Western restaurants too, 从句为 if you do not like Chinese food . 提醒：在含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时态或含情态 动词的句子，则从句要使用一般现在时。 39 一、Comic strip and Welcome to the unit. 1. follow me 跟我来 【=come with me】 the following week = the next week 下一周 follow (v.) 跟随，后面直接跟表示人或事物的名词作宾语，相当于come after。 following 形容词：接下来的、以下的 follow 效仿；理解；服从 【提醒】follow形容词为following，“接着的，下列的”。 40 2. Are you sure? 你确定吗？ 【复习】be sure 用法： be sure to do sth. 肯定会做某事 be sure of/about sth. 确信某事，对某事有把握 be sure + that从句 对……肯定/有把握 sure 当然可以相当于certainly --May I use your bike? --Sure./Certainly. --我可以用你的自行车吗？ --当然可以。 41 3.Let's go on a trip. 让我们去旅行。 【重点】go on a trip to sp. = travel to sp. = go to sp. for a trip 去某地旅行 4.have to go up again 不得不再上去 5.Sunshine Zoo is north of Sunshine Middle School. 【重点】表示“A 在 B 的东/南/西/北面”用句型: A is east/south/west/north of B 其同义句是(另一种表达方式)：A is to/on the east/south/west/north of B Eg: Nanjing is west of Shanghai=Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai. 42 ♥表示方位的介词 in, on 与 to 的区别: in 表示 (1)( ) A 在 B 的范围之内, Jiangsu is in the south of China. 江苏在中国南部。 (2)to 表示两者不接壤，在范围以外，不是从属关系:Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国东面。 (3)on 表示两地接壤，在范围以外，不是从属关系:Russia is on the north of China. 俄罗斯在中国北面。 6.Where are we going for our class trip? 我们班级旅行要去哪里？ 43 7.【拓展】英语问路的 8 种方式： (1)Can/Could you tell me the way to the zoo? (2)Can/Could you show me the way to the zoo? (3)Can/Could you tell me how to get to the zoo? (4)Can/Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? (5)Do you know the way to the zoo? (6) Where is the zoo? (7)Which is the way to the zoo? (8) Is there a zoo near here? 44 【go straight on = walk straight on】 【注】 straight (adj.) 直的； (adv.) 径直地； on (adv.) 向前移动、进行下去、(电器)开着 【对比思考】Hurry up ,and you will catch the early bus. 快点，你将会赶上早班车。 Hurry up ,or you will miss the early bus. 快点，否则你会错过早班车。 2. eat bamboo 吃竹子 【bamboo 作为食物或材料时为不可数名词】 bamboo → 复数: bamboos 3. lie down all day long 整天躺着 4. Walk along the road. = Walk down the road. 沿着这条路走。 5. Lions are the kings of the animal world. 狮子是动物世界之王。 二、Reading 1.Go straight on, and you'll find the Panda House. 一直向前走，你将找到熊猫馆。 45 6. Remember that they're dangerous. 【remember+ that 宾从】 【重点 1】 remember vt. 反义词：forget remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记去做某事(还没有做) remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事(已做过) Eg: (1)Please remember (turn) off the light when you leave the classroom. (2)I remember (meet)the man somewhere. stop to do sth. 停下(手中的活)去做某事 【重点 2】dangerous (adj)危险的 →(反义词)safe(adj.) 安全的 danger (n.)危险 →(反义词)safety(n.) 安全 dangerously (adv.)危险地 →(反义词)safely(adv.) 安全地 46 7. Never go near them. 绝不要靠近它们。 【祈使句】 8. 【重点】turn left at third crossing/turning 在第三个十字路/转弯处口向左拐 ＝ take the third crossing/turning on the left 9. jump around and make people laugh 到处乱跳并让人捧腹大笑 10. eat the leaves from trees 吃树上的叶子 【leaf 叶子 → leaves (pl.)】 47 11. Cross the bridge. = Go/Walk across the bridge. 穿过那座桥。 【重点】cross(及物动词) 穿过； across(介词) 穿过；crossing(名词)十字路口 【区分】(1) through 指穿过事物的内部. (阳光) go through the window; go through the gate; go through the village go through the tunnel(隧道); go through the hole(洞) go through the forest(森林) (2) across 指穿过事物的表面. swim across the river; walk across the street/road; go across the bridge 48 12. Their large ears are like open fans. 他们的大耳朵就像张开的扇子。 13. Have a nice trip ! 祝你旅途愉快！ 14. How was your trip to the zoo? 去动物的旅行(玩得)怎么样？ 15. They are quite tall. 【区分】quite (adv.)相当，非常，放形容词或副词前。放冠词 a 前面。 very(adv.)很，非常，放形容词或副词前。放冠词 a 后面。 Eg: It is a very nice horse. = It is quite a nice horse. 49 16. There are also birds, aren't there? 此句为反意疑问句，其基本构成是：陈述句 + 简短的附加提问? 所遵循的基本原则是：“前肯后否，前否后肯"。 如：①--The girl isn't a student，is she? -- Yes, she is./No,she isn't. ②Tom is never late for school, is he ? No, she isn't. (是的，他不迟到。) He is always the first to get to school. Yes, she is.(不，他迟到的。) Sometimes she comes to school late. 50 1. Come on. “得啦；行啦；够啦”，常表示知道某人所说的话不正确。 “来吧，加油”，表示请求、鼓励、劝说等。 “快点”，用来催促别人快走(做)。 51 2. with “with+宾语(名词)+宾语补足语(形容词/介词短语)” 在句中做伴随状语 with light on with door open 拓展： 表示“和”，后跟代词或名词。 Come with me, please. 表示“带有，含有”。 a house with a small garden 表示“使用某种工具”。 Please cut the apple with the knife. 用于某些固定搭配。 with the help of 在…的帮助下 52 3. stop stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. = stop for sth. 停下(手头上的事)去做另一件事 stop to have meals=stop for meals 停下来去吃饭 stop doing A to do B 停止做A去做B 53 4. time n. 倍数；次数 数词+time(s)+形容词比较级+than+被比较的对象 比…几倍… The hall is three times bigger than our classroom. 形容词的比较级和最高级规则变化如下: 1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2)以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 54 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er和- est 构成。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级) 4)以-y结尾,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和- iest构成。 happy (原级) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 5)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双 写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。 big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级) 55 6)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来 构成。 beautiful (原级)more beautiful (比较级) most beautiful (最高级) 形容词比较级的用法: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 Our teacher is taller than we are. 形容词最高级的用法: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 She is the best student in her class. 56 5. as usual：“照例；像往常一样” 6. hear hear of=hear about 听说 hear from sb 受到某人来信 hear sb do sth 全过程或经常做 hear sb doing sth 正在做 7. strange adj. 奇怪的，陌生的 be strange to sb./sth. “对某人/某事感到陌生” stranger n. 陌生人 57 8. way the way to… 去…的路 on one's/the way (to) 在某人去…的路上 by the way 顺便问一下 in this way 以这种方式 lose one's way 迷路 the way to do sth 做某事的方法 58 9. happen happen 发生(偶然)/take place发生(计划) sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 59 10. search ①search +sb./sth.=look for sb./sth. Lily is searching her English book in her schoolbag. ②search sp. for sb./sth. 到某地搜寻某人/某物 = look for sb./sth. +地点 The police searched the house for the lost boy. ③search sb. for sth. 为找到某物而对某人搜身 The policeman searched him for the wallet, but didn't find it. 60 11. surprised be surprised at … 对…感到惊讶 be surprised to do sth. 惊讶地做某事 to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 surprised 表示人感到吃惊的，惊奇的，惊讶的，诧异的 surprising 表示事物令人惊奇的，使人吃惊的，出人意料的 12. arrive/reach/get to ①arrive in + 大地点； arrive at + 小地方 ②reach直接跟地点名词 ③get to接地点名词 61 13. there be就近原则 there be sb. doing sth. 有某人正在那儿做某事 There is a girl singing in the classroom. there be sth. to do 有某事要去做 There are some books to read. 14. spend/take/cost/pay spend:________ take:________ cost:________ pay:________ 62 15. else/other else和other都意为“别的，其他的”。 else修饰疑问词或不定代词，放在其后； other修饰名词，放在其前。 anything else=any other thing 16. learn about 了解 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 learn from sb. 向某人学习 learn…by oneself 自学 63 17. 辨析：a little/little/a few/few a little，“一点点”，修饰不可数名词。 little，“几乎没有一点”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。 a few，“一点儿”，修饰可数名词复数。 few，“很少的，几乎没有的”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。 18. not…any more 不再，再也不…=________ 64 19. other one…the other…(两者中)一个…另一个… some…others… 一些…另一些…(另一些不一定是剩余的全部) some…the others… 一些…其余的…(剩下的全部) other意为“其他的”，后接复数名词，相当于others，在具体语境中指代“其他的人 或事物”。 another指三者及三者以上另一，又一，强调“再，又”。 20. ask ask for sth. 请求，询问 ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物 65 1. outdoor fun户外娱乐 outdoor adj. 户外的，反义词是indoor, “室内的”。 outdoors adv. 在户外，在野外 2. hurry up快点 hurry to +地点 赶往某地 (be) in a hurry 匆忙地；仓促地 hurry to do sth. 急忙做某事 66 3. complain 作动词，意为“抱怨，投诉，发牢骚” 。 complain to sb. 向某人抱怨 complain about/of sth. 抱怨某事 complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事 作不可数名词，意为“抱怨，投诉，发牢骚”；作可数名词意为“投诉，埋怨，不满 的原因” 67 4. too much/much too/too many too much “太多”，表程度，用在不可数名词前或动词之后；做 代词短语可作主语、宾语等。 He is much too tired because he has too much work to do and he worked too much. much too “太”，修饰形容词或副词之前，表示程度。 too many “太多”，修饰名词复数 5. by by作介词，意为“在…旁边”；做副词，意为“经过”。 Our teacher is standing by the tree. The car drove by. by还可以表示“以…方式、手段或方法，乘坐某种交通工具”。 Amy goes to school by bus. By studying hard, he got high marks. 68 6. pass 作动词，意为“经过，通过，度过；传，递；消失”。 pass by=walk by 经过，走过 pass by 也可以用来形容时间过的快。 Two years has passed by. (两年的时间已经过去了。) pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物递给某人 pass away去世 pass on/down传给(另外的人), 流传 【注意】pass是动词“经过”，past是介词“经过”，pass的过去式passed 和past的读音 相同 69 7. alone/lonely alone作形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语。 alone作副词，意为“单独地；独自”。=by oneself或on one's own lonely 作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的；荒凉的”，有感情色彩。 8. lock n. 锁; v. 锁，锁上 locked作形容词，意为“锁上的”。 The lock(n.) is used for locking (vt.) the door. 9. put put up意为“搭，竖起”，还可意为“挂起；张贴；举起；抬起”。 70 【与put相关的短语】 put on 穿上 put off 推迟 put away 收拾 put out 扑灭 put down 放下 put…in order 把…整理得井井有条 put back 放回 10. practise v. 练习 practise doing sth. 练习做某事 practice既可用作动词也可用作名词。 11. a period of time 一段时间 12. make… out of… 用…制成… 71 13. find find sb. do sth. 发现某人做某事(经常做或全过程) find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 find sth./sb. + adj. 发现某物/某人…(状态) 14. remember remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过… 15. decide v. 决定；决心 decide(not)to do 决定(不)做某事 decide＋疑问词＋动词不定式 72 16. forget forget to do sth. 表示“忘记去做某事(事情还没做)” forget doing sth. 表示“忘记做过某事(事情已做过)” 17. too…to…可与not…enough to…相互转换 18. fail v. 失败 fail in sth. 在某事上失败了 fail to do sth. 做某事失败了 73 1.Look out, Eddie ! ①look out 意为“______”，相当于___________________ 单独使用时，后面不接 宾语。 →Look out! A car is coming. ②look out 后接其他介词时，要带宾语。 →look out at… __________ We look out at the beach. →look out of __________ Don't look out of the door. 小心 be careful/ take care 向外看… 朝…外看 74 2.We can send some books to them. ①send用作及物动词，意为“寄(信等)；发(电报)，派(人送)”。 send sb sth=send sth to sb给某人送某物 →I will send you a postcard while I'm away on holiday. ②send 的其他词组 send up 发射 send for (派人去)请来 send out 散发(气味，光)等 send sb off 送别= see sb off 75 3.Some families are not even able to pay for pens and notebooks. ①even 副词，意为“甚至；更；还”。 →The next morning Jenny got up even earlier. even 其他用法: even if/ even though 即使 →We'll go to the Great Wall even if it rains. ②able 形容词，意为“有能力的；能干的”。 be able to 能；会。比can用途广(can没有将来式和完成式)，be动词随主语的不同 而发生相应的变化 →When I was young, I was able to run very fast. 76 ③动词pay意为“付费”。常用: pay sb. 意为“付款给某人”。 →He paid me five yuan. Pay for sth.，意为“付款买某物或为某物付款”；→Shall I pay for you？ pay(sb.)＋for sth“为某物付款给某人”； →He can't pay for the TV set at the moment. pay＋money＋for sth/to buy sth,“花钱买某物”。→I paid the shopkeeper 10 yuan for the book. 77 4.We can raise some money for them to buy these things. raise意为“募集”，常用raise money for sb/sth”“为某人/某物募集基金。 →We often raise money for the old man. 5.They need cloth and shoes most. need 动词，意为“需要”，此时need为实义动词，有人称和时态的变化。 →If you need help, give me a call. need 名词，需要，固定搭配 in need help someone in need 帮助某个有需要的人 【搭配】need to do sth. 需要做某事 need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事 need 还可作情态动词表示“需要必须”但没有人称和时态的变化后直接跟动词原形 78 →You needn't finish the work today. 对于Must I……? 的回答。肯定回答：Yes, you must. 否定回答：No, you needn't/No, you don't have to. 6.He was brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire. ①enough作为adv。 adj/adv+enough+to do sth 足够….做某事。如： →She is old enough to go to school. Enough用在形容词后面，名词前面。 后加to do sth →He has enough food to eat. ②save动词，意为“救；救助”，save…from意为“从…中救出”。 如： →The doctor saved her life. 79 7.Suddenly he heard someone shouting “Fire! Fire! ” ①shout at sb. 对某人大吼大叫(强调态度不好。)shout to sb. 对某人喊 (无感情色彩。) ②hear sb doing sth 表示“听见某人正在做某事”，强调动作发生的过程。主语听 到的是动作发生中的一个片段。类似的还有see,find等动词。如： →I heard Lily singing in her room when I went to bed. Hear sb do sth 表示“听见某人做某事”，强调动经常做或所做的事情已经过去。 主语听到的是动作发生的全过程。如： →We often hear the girl sing in the next room. 80 8.He went in and found his neighbour, the 79-year-old Mrs Sun, in the kitchen. 79-year-old 是由“数次+单数名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词。year必须是单数， 做定语，放在名词前面。意思是“…岁的”。 如： →Do you know where the five-star hotel is ? 在做这种类型题目的时候要注意： 1、要有连字符连接。2、中间不能用复数。 年龄表达法：He is 12 .=He is at the age of 12.=He is a 12-year-old boy 81 9.Lin Tao was at home alone . alone adj. 一般只作表语。stay alone. 一个人。adv. 一般只表示“自己一个人。指 客观上的孤单。 →He lives alone. 他独自一个人住着。(不强调孤单。) lonely adj. 孤单的，寂寞的，既可以作表语也可以作定语。指主观上的孤单。 a lonely man. 一个孤单的男人。(强调孤单。) →The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely. 82 10.“Were you afraid at that moment ？”“Yes,a little.”Lin Tao nodded,“but I didn't have time to think about it.”“ ①at the moment “此时”、“此刻” ( 现在时态 ) at that moment “那时” ( 过去时态 ) →He is busy at the moment →At the moment he was busy preparing his lessons . ②nod 现在分词nodding 过去式nodded，动词“点头”，在此句中是不及物动词，其 后面不能直接加宾语，可以跟状语等句子的成分。 如： →We nod to each other in greeting every morning when we meet. nod 用作及物动词时反义词是shake 常用语nod one's head“点头” 83 nod sb a welcome=nod a welcome to sb,“向某人点头表示欢迎”如： →I saw her nod her head just now. ③think about用作“考虑”之意时，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。如： →He is thinking about what to do this afternoon. think about=think of 用作“认为”如： →What do you think about the film= What do you think of the film？ ④have time to do sth为固定搭配，表示“有时间做某事” →She has time to do her homework。 11.He poured water over his clothes to protect himself. He put a wet blanket over Mrs Sun and help her out. 【搭配】pour … over … ：把….泼到…上 put …over …：把…放在…上 help sb. out ： 把某人救出来 protect sb./sth./oneself 保护…… (protect … from…保护…使免受于…) 【注意】put这个词的过去式还是put 84 12.Fire is dangerous. We should be careful with it. ①dangerous adj. 危险的 danger n. 危险 【搭配】be dangerous …是危险的 Tiger is dangerous. be in danger …处于危险状态 Tiger is in danger. be out of danger 脱离危险状态 ②be careful with 对…上心 →He is careful with his study. 13.Could I smoke here? smoke v. 吸烟 三单：smokes 现在分词：smoking 过去式：smoked →Can I smoke here? smoke n. 烟雾，烟尘；抽烟；雾气 【搭配】end (up) in smoke 烟消云散 go up in smoke 化为灰烬 85 14.By the way, could you take your camera with you， Amy? 意义 例句 way 路，方式，方法 Could you tell me the way to Suqian Middle School？ Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent disease. on one's way (to) 在(去)…路上 On his way home, he met a robber. in some ways=in a way在某种程度上 In some ways,he is right. in one's way 挡住某人的路 What will you do if you find some in your way? by the way 顺便说下 By the way,can I have you QQ number? no way 没门 No way, I am not stupid! lose one's way 迷路 I lost my way last night. all the way 一直 I do like this all the way. 86 15.I would like to recommend Daniel for this year's Young Star Award. ①would like to do sth = want to do sth →She would like to go to school. ②recommend 动词，意思是 “推荐，介绍；劝告，建议”。 【搭配】 1) recommend sb. … (= recommend … to sb.) “向某人推荐／介绍…… “. →Can you recommend me a good dentist? 2) recommend sb. for… “推荐某人做(某职位)”。 →I'll recommend him for the job. recommendation n.推荐；介绍信 87 16. When he is free，… . free adj. (1)空闲的；有空的。Are you free tomorrow？ (2)免费的；无偿的。 ①Do you enjoy free medical care ？ ②—Why are you so happy？ —Because I got two free tickets. (3)自由的。 ①The birds in the cage wish to be free. 88 1. Please bring me something to eat. (过去式brought)请给我拿些吃的东西。 bring sb sth= bring sth to sb 不定代词＋to do 2. How rude you are!你真粗鲁！ rude作形容词，意为“粗鲁的，不礼貌的”。 It's rude of you to say so. how引导的感叹句句型：How+形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)！ How fast he runs! How kind the girl is! 89 3. I love my parrot because he can sing, and I want to teach him to speak. 我爱 我的鹦鹉，因为他会唱歌，我还想教他说话。 teach sb. sth. 教某人某事 Miss Chen teaches me English. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 How interesting it is to teach a parrot to speak! teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人如何做某事 Can you teach me how to draw? teach oneself to do sth.=learn to do sth. by oneself 自学做某事 I taught myself how to skate.=I learned how to skate by myself. 90 4. goldfish：n.“金鱼”，单复数同形。 fish：“鱼”。表示鱼的条数时，单复数同形；表示鱼的种类时，复数：fishes；表示 “鱼肉”时，不可数名词。 5. I like ______ ing them swim around.我喜欢看它们游来游去。 watch sb./sth. do sth.：“看见某人/某物做某事”(强调动作的经常性或者看到动作的 全过程)。 watch sb. doing sth.：“看到某人正在做某事”(强调动作正在进行)。 around：adv. “到处；在周围”。 swim around “游来游去”。 look around “到处看看”；walk around “四处逛逛”；turn around“转身”； show…around “引领……参观”。 watch 91 Reading 1. My dog is the cleverest animal of all. 我的狗是所有动物中最聪明的。 形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。最高级前面一般加定冠 词the。(二者之间用比较级)。 2. He doesn't just _________ a ball. 他不只是追着一个球跑。 run after 92 3. With eyes open wide, he hunts when I hide. 当我躲起来的时候，他睁大眼睛 来找我。 介词短语with eyes open wide表示伴随情况，在句中作状语。 它的结构是with + 名词或代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式。 The teacher came in with a book in his hand. wide：adv.“充分地”。作形容词，“宽广的，宽阔的”。 辨析：wide/widely wide：表示实际意义上的“宽”，“充分地”。 widely：表示抽上意义上的“宽”，“广泛地；普遍地”。 93 4. He does wonderful tricks. 他玩精彩的把戏。 trick：n.“诡计，把戏”。 play a trick on sb. “捉弄某人”。 5. He does wonderful tricks, ______ s me camps _______ sticks. 他表演精彩的 魔术，用树枝给我搭帐篷。 build sb sth out of sth 用某物给某人建… = use…to build… building：n.“建筑物；大楼”。 stick：n.“枝条，树枝；棍，棒”。作动词，“粘住，坚持”。 过去式：stuck。 build out of 6. He'd never bark or bite, and he doesn't like to fight. 它从不叫，也不咬人，也 不喜欢打斗。 fight with sb. 和某人打架 have a fight with sb. 94 7. I will look after him until the end. 我将照顾他一直到最后。 look after …well=take good care of… 照顾好… until意为“直到…时候”，相当于till,但until比till更加正式，until多用于句首。 not… until… 直到…才… She didn't hear from her son until last Friday. 直到爸爸回来我们才吃饭。________ end作名词，意为“末尾，终点”;作动词，意为“终止，结束”。 at the end of 在…尽头/末端 in the end=at last=finally 最后，终于 95 8. She isn't any trouble. 她不惹麻烦。 trouble：n.“麻烦；困难”。 be in trouble “遇到麻烦，处于困难中”。 out of trouble“脱离困难”。 have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难”。 What's the trouble with you? = What's wrong with you? = What's the matter with you? “你怎么了？” 9. She doesn't need a _______ touch. 她不需要温柔的抚摸。 gentle：adj.“温柔的，温和的”= soft。gently：adv.“温柔地”。gentleman：“先生； 绅士”。 touch：n.“触摸，碰”； v.“触摸；感动”；“联系”。 keep in touch with sb.“和某人保持联系”= stay in touch with sb。 gentle 96 10. Some people are afraid of him. 一些人害怕他。 be afraid of sth. 害怕某物 The little girl is afraid of dogs. be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事 She is afraid to go out alone at night. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 She was afraid of waking her son. 97 98 $$