Unit4 Space Exploration 语法 不定式作定语和状语学案-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

必修三U4语法 不定式作定语和状语 1、 不定式作定语 观察 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了一些我假期期间要读的书。 He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave他总是第一个到校,最后一个离开。 The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力的最好方法就是让它成为一种习惯。 归纳 1.不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,通常要放在这些被修饰的词①_______。 2.用不定式作定语的几种情况: (1)不定式作定语可以表示②_______的动作; (2)当中心词为序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等词或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式作定语; (3)被修饰词是③_______名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:way、time、reason、plan、ability、chance、opportunity、freedom、need、right、wish、desire、excuse、promise、attempt等; (4)不定代词something、nothing等后面也常用不定式作定语。 名师点睛 1.作定语的不定式若为不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时,其后须加上适当的介词。 I am looking for a room to live in我正在找一间屋子住。 2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。 Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(“寄”这一动作的执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(“寄”这一动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”) 2、 不定式作状语(一)作目的状语 观察 To avoid any delay,please phone directly.为避免任何延误，请直接打电话。 Firemen had to break the door down to rescue the people trapped inside.为了营救困在里面的人,消防队员不得不破门而人。 She arrived early in order to get a good seat/so as to get a good seat.她到得很早,就是为了得到个好座位。 归纳 不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置,一是在句首,二是在句末。有时为了强调和突出目的性,可以在不定式之前加上④_______或⑤_______。 (二)作结果状语观察 The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower.这房子又高又窄,像一座塔。 Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries?这座桥足够坚固而支撑重型卡车吗? I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home我到商店却发现我把我的钱全落在家里了。(表示一种出乎意料的结果) As a conductor he is too experienced to mind what the critics say.作为一位指挥家他经验非常丰富,不会介意评论家们说什么。 归纳 不定式用作结果状语通常放在句末。常用在⑥_______…as to.….、such….as to....enough to.…..⑦_______…to….等结构中。有时不定式表示一种出人意料的结果,可以在前面加上⑧_______。 (三)作原因状语观察 He was glad to be home again.他很高兴又回到了家。 I was more than glad to receive your letter.我很高兴收到你的来信。 归纳 不定式用作原因状语时主要用于“be+⑨_______不定式”结构中,表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。 链接高考 根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)并写出画线部分所作的句子成分 1.(2020全国I，阅读理解A改编，第) Queensland Rail makes every effort_____ ______(为确保)trains run as scheduled. 2.(2020全国I，阅读理解B，)But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread______ ______ ______(为了)better understand your friends. 3.(2020全国I，阅读理解C，)In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach on experienced racer______ ______(以学习) proper technique, she says. 4.(2020 全国I,阅读理解D,)The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) have taken it a step further--changing the actual composition of plants______ ______(为了) get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. 5.(2020 全国Ⅱ,阅读理解 A,*)There are four fantastic galleries______ ______(访问拜访)from fine art to interactive fun, so there's something for everyone! 6.(2020全国Ⅱ，阅读理解B，黄)The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability ______ ______(旋转)and translate shapes," Er Levine said in a statement 7.(2020全国Ⅱ，七选五）An easy way ______ ______(带来)all work generations together is with a chat platform. 8.(2020全国Ⅲ，七选五，)A housewarming party is a special party______ ______ ______(举办)when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house 9.(2019课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition______ ______(观看)，together with the story behind it. 10.(2019课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans______(退休)from her36-year-old business. 11.(2019课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空，)Irene said, “I don't see any reason______ ______ ______(放弃)work.” 12.(2019课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended wonderful places________ ________(吃)， shop, and visit. 13.(2019课标全国I,阅读理解B，嫩)“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains,“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough_____ ______(说), 'I don't know, but I want to know.'" ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$