Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures学案-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

必修三U3语法 省略 在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出、表达有力，常常省略句中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象称为省略。在英语中,为了使句子简洁明快且突出重点,常用“省略句”，只要不影响句意的表达，能省略的成分尽可能省略。 1. 句子成分的省略 观察 (You)Close the door.(你)关上门。 Let’s do the dishes.I'll wash and youll dry(them)我们洗盘子吧。我来洗,你来擦干(它们) Old men and (old) women are respected in China.在中国,老年人都很受尊重。 An hour in the morning is worth two(hours)in the evening一日之计在于晨。 He was not hurt.(How)Strange!他没受伤。真奇怪! 归纳 某些句式中的主语、谓语、助动词、系动词、宾语、定语、表语或状语等通常可以①________。 2.句子的省略观察 (It’s)An interesting story, isn’t it?(这是)一个很有趣的故事,是不是? You are studying much harder( than you did before).你现在学习(比原来)努力多了。 -Are you going to attend the party?你打算参加聚会吗? -No.(I’m not going to attend the party.)不。(我不打算参加聚会。) 归纳 句子的省略主要指含有“主语+助动词或系动词”部分的省略。有以下几种情况:②的省略、③________的省略④________的省略。 2. 状语从句中的省略 观察 Though (he is) a young man,he has made several inventions. 虽然还是个年轻人，但他已经有好几项发明了。归纳 由when、while、if、as if.although、though、as、untilonce unless where 等引导的状语从句中,如果其谓语含有⑤________,而主语与主句的主语一致,或者主语是it时,则从句中的⑥________可省略。 3. 宾语从句及定语从句中的省略 观察 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learnt it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该把它背下来。 归纳 在宾语从句中,连接词⑦________常省略,但有多个并列的宾语从句时，只能省略⑧________that。 观察 The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.他父亲送给他作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。 归纳 若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语。该关系代词一般可省略。 5.不定式中的省略观察 My mother wouldn't let me go to see the film.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。 The book is intended to be read not (to)be torn.这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult. 新技术的目的是让生活更轻松，而不是让生活更困难。 You can go with us if you want to.如果你想去可以和我们一起去。 All you need to do is (to) press the button.你需要做的就是按一下按钮。 归纳 (1)为了避免重复,有时不定式中可以省略与上文相同的主要动词，只保留不定式符号to。常用的这类动词结构有used to be,going to ,ought to,mean to,try to,plan to,would like/love to,be happy to,want to 等。 (2)如果不定式的主要动词含有be或助动词have时，be和 have不能省略 (3)当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略⑨ (4)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略⑩。 (5)某些使役动词如make,let,have等，和感官动词如see, watch,notice,observe等，作宾补的不定式省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。 6.虚拟语气中的省略 在if引导的虚拟条件从句中，如果从句含有were/had/should可以省略 if,同时将这些词置于主语前。 动词advise,suggest(建议), propose,demand,insist(坚持要求)、require，command，recommend, order等后的宾语从句及It is....that.....主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should. 链接高考 单句语法填空 1. (2021全国乙，完形填空，)Iwas considering this while________(work) as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 2.(2020全国新高考Ⅱ，阅读理解B，★*) The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when________(assess)at 54 months of age. 3.(2020浙江,完形填空,)Lamb and mother reunited,I turned back to the tractor only to see it________(move) suddenly away from me. 4.(2019 北京，书面表达，)While________( work),I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun. 5.(2018 北京改编，10，)Ordinary soap, if________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 6.(2018 课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，)China's approach to protecting its environment while(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 7.(2017 江苏,22,*)________( be) it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.完成句子 8.(2020天津,3,)-Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance. -Good point.________(我会的). 9. (2019 课标全国Ⅱ,听力材料 7 改编)-You know, we went mountain climbing in the forest park. The air was so different from the city, cool and fresh -________ ________(听起来很棒)! 10.(2017 天津,1,)--Albert’s birthday is on next Saturday, and I'm planning a surprise party for him. --______(听起来有趣).I'll bring some wine. 把下列各句中画线部分省略的成分补充完整 11.(2020全国I,阅读理解A改编，) For ticket information, ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. ____________________________________________________________________ 12.(2020 全国Ⅱ,书面表达,)When entering the farm, we were attracted by its cleanness and rich varieties of fruit. ____________________________________________________________________ 13.(2020天津，阅读表达，)As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. ____________________________________________________________________ 14.(2020全国I,书面表达，)Had it not been for his guidance and encouragement, I couldn’t have won the first place in the city English speech contest. ____________________________________________________________________ 15.(2020全国新高考I,读后续写改编，) Then she said, “John, will you agree to take charge of the work?” “Indeed, I will,” replied John, and he kept his word. ____________________________________________________________________ 16.(2020天津,阅读理解C改编,)Many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$