精品解析：2024届北京市大兴区高三下学期5月英语查漏补缺题练习

大兴区2023～2024学年度第二学期 查漏补缺题 高三英语 第一部分 知识运用(共两节, 30分) 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 (1) Kim Stemple, a special-education teacher, faced terrible diseases during her stay in a Boston hospital. While wrestling with depression in her hospital room, Stemple received an unexpected present from a friend: a medal. Before Stemple got too sick to ___1___, she had been a marathon runner and the medal brought back her racing memories. It served as a much-needed pick-me-up, ___2___ her of the strength and perseverance she once possessed. Surprisingly, it worked like a charm, and then some, ___3___ her spirits and renewing her determination. Inspired by this life-changing ___4___, Stemple began to think about how such a simple act could bring hope to others going through ___5___ times. And from this seed of inspiration, her charity, We Finish Together, was born. This initiative collected medals from strangers — runners, dancers, swimmers, singers and even spelling bee winners — and donated them to individuals in need. Part of the process ___6___ the donor writing a personalized note on the ribbon, giving the recipient a unique connection to someone who cares. Indeed, for those who were ___7___ in hospitals and battling health challenges, being presented with a medal and reading the warm ___8___ really made a big difference. It ___9___ a reminder that they were not ___10___ in their struggles and that there was always support available to them. 1. A. live B. heal C. exercise D. recover 2. A. cheating B. clearing C. breaking D. reminding 3. A. explaining B. lifting C. discovering D. absorbing 4. A. season B. plan C. experience D. solution 5. A. tough B. common C. pointless D. dangerous 6. A. promoted B. insisted C. involved D. shaped 7. A. trained B. stuck C. operated D. warned 8. A. document B. message C. receipt D. gift 9 A. threw away B. put down C. acted as D. dropped out 10. A. shy B. weak C. tired D. alone (2) I’ve been paralyzed (瘫痪的) since childhood and I started using a wheelchair in first grade. So I’ve had 30 years to learn just how___11___ I am and just how often people assume I’m helpless. As a culture, Americans are ___12___ that disability is something they’ve figured out. Disability doesn’t define anyone; try to be ___13___; and the rule that guides them all: be kind. Well, here’s the ___14___: we look through the eyes of nondisabled people so regularly that we ___15___ to ask even one of the many questions hovering (停留) around the disabled recipients of “help”. Did you want anyone’s help? Was it___16___ helpful? “So how am I supposed to be helpful?” you might be asking. You have to___17___ the person in front of you. What signals are they giving you? What expression do you see on their face? If you really can’t ___18___, you can ask, but if someone says, “No thank you,” listen. Like anyone else, disabled people are both capable and in need of some help. If you want to be genuinely, actively “___19___” to disabled people, invite them into your organizations, businesses and programs. Include disabled engineers and comedians and lawyers and teachers in your world. This kind of ___20___is a kindness for all of us, because listening to voices that are typically silenced brings to the table creativity, innovation and power. 11. A. capable B. desperate C. friendly D. responsible 12. A. promised B. convinced C. trusted D. questioned 13. A. brave B. honest C. helpful D. grateful 14. A. test B. change C. reason D. problem 15. A. forget B. refuse C. continue D. pretend 16. A. still B. also C. even D. already 17. A. believe in B. catch up with C. smile at D. pay attention to 18 A. tell B. answer C. lie D. focus 19. A. kind B. useful C. faithful D. polite 20. A. guidance B. profession C. performance D. inclusion 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly ___21___(contribute) to innovative solutions that improve people’s lives and the planet’s health. The United Nations Institute for Training and Research ___22___ (be) therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants ___23___ the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 When Halloween arrives, you know there is bound to be some mischief (恶作剧). So I wasn’t ___24___ (entire) surprised when I opened my front door that night to see my candy bowl completely—and very suddenly—empty. To be fair, this was after some light rain___25___ (clear) the street of most trick-or-treaters and the youngest had already made the rounds. I never saw___26___ took it, but I did shout “Happy Halloween!” into the night air. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group___27___ (brainstorm). We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen—except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires. Extensive evidence shows that when we generate___28___ (idea) together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason___29___the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be：‘meetings’. ” But the problem isn’t meetings___30___ (they)—it’s how we run them. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A How to Use a Modern Public Library Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business. Check out a book. While libraries still lend books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up. Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded within formation in many formats. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even lend toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown. Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book. Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need. 31. Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by . A. sharing their books on the Internet B. giving access to online reading at a library branch C. sending a needed book to a library branch nearby D. making the checkout procedures diverse 32. According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library? A. A magazine and an e-book. B. A game and an oil painting. C. A music CD and a kid’s toy. D. A DVD and a video player. 33. As is described in Paragraph 4 taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows . A. the kid to learn a new language B. the parent to enjoy quiet reading C. the kid to overcome reading difficulties D. the parent to meet their program sponsor B One day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem, while the student claimed a perfect score. I was elected as their arbiter (仲裁人). I read the examination problem: “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer (气压计).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower it to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building.” The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didn’t confirm his competence in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the question, warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and dashed off one, which read “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the physical formula (公式) to calculate the height of the building.” At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldn’t help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others and then added, “Probably the best is to take the barometer to the administrator and said to him, ‘Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, 1 will give it to you.”‘ Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think. The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. 34. The student got a zero at the beginning because . A. the teacher wasn’t satisfied with him. B. his answer wasn’t complete or correct C. his answer didn’t show his knowledge of physics D. the teacher didn’t fully understand his answer 35. We know from the passage that . A. the administrator told Bohr the height B. the student knew the expected answer C. the author preferred Bohr’s last answer D. the teacher was a very stubborn person 36. We can learn from the passage that . A. instructors can teach students how to think B. arbiters can help students to get high scores C. teachers should make students use physical formulas D. students should be given more freedom in thinking 37. What was Bohr’s attitude toward his schooling? A. Critical B. Optimistic C. Objective D. Ambiguous C Women experience a “gender tenure gap”, lasting in CEO roles at publicly listed companies for shorter periods than men, according to new research which may support the idea that female leaders are subject to a “ glass cliff ” where they are set up to fail. The concept of the glass cliff is that women are more likely to be appointed as leaders when an organization is in a time of crisis, so that their position is seen as more precarious than male counterparts. Researchers at the University of Exeter found in 2005 that women were more likely to be appointed as board members after a company’s share price had performed badly. Professor Ryan told the Observer that the Russell Reynolds analysis was “ robust and added to the body of work in this area”. “If women are more likely to take on leadership roles in times of crisis, then it follows that their time in office is likely to be stressful, more heavily scrutinised and shorter in tenure. This reduced tenure could be for a number of reasons — because there is often higher turnover in times of crisis, because they are judged as not performing well, even though poor performance was in train before their appointment, or because when things start to turn around, men come back into leadership roles.” she said. Chief executive roles have a very low turnover, she said, which makes progress harder. “I think men can enjoy a greater followership — support within the organization. They can suffer big setbacks and rise again. Women who have been CEOs tend to go off to an alternative career. However, she said that there was cause for optimism. The number of women on FTSE 350 boards is now 41%, up from 9.5% in 2011, and appointing women is “now the norm”. Russell Reynolds also found in a survey of 1,500 leaders worldwide that there were no significant differences in how women and men were perceived by the people who worked for them, showing that they were equally effective as leaders, although women were seen as being better at coaching and development. 38. What does the underlined word “precarious” probably mean? A. Dangerous. B. Profitable. C. Essential. D. Available. 39. Which of the following statements is correct? A. “gender tenure gap” can be found in the majority of companies. B. Male leaders are less likely to be appointed as board members. C. Woman leaders in times of crisis tend to be shorter in tenure. D. Female leaders are generally not performing well during their appointment. 40. What does the last paragraph indicate? A. Women leaders are destined to eliminate glass cliff in the future. B. Nowadays woman leaders differ hugely from man leaders in followership. C. Man leaders are superior to woman leaders in every aspect. D. Woman leaders are no less competent than man counterparts. D Lying is something that most of us are expert at. We lie at ease, in ways big and small, to strangers, co-workers, friends, and loved ones. Our capacity for dishonesty is as fundamental to us as our need to trust others, which ironically makes us terrible at detecting lies. Being deceitful is woven into our very fabric, so much so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human. The universality of lying was first documented systematically by Bella DePaulo, a social psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Two decades ago DePaulo and her colleagues asked 147 adults to write down for a week every instance they tried to mislead someone. The researchers found that the subjects lied on average one or two times a day. Most of these untruths were not offensive, intended to hide one’s inadequacies or to protect the feelings of others. Some lies were excuses—one subject blamed the failure to take out the garbage on not knowing where it needed to go. Yet other lies—such as a claim of being a diplomat’s son—were aimed at presenting a false image. While these were minor crimes, a later study by DePaulo and other colleagues involving a similar sample indicated that most people have, at some point, told one or more “serious lies”—making false claims on a college application, for example. That human beings should universally possess a talent for deceiving one another shouldn’t surprise us. Researchers speculate that lying as a behavior arose not long after the emergence of language. The ability to control others without using physical force likely gave an advantage in the competition for resources and mates, similar to the evolution of deceptive strategies in the animal kingdom, such as camouflage (伪装).“Lying is so easy compared to other ways of gaining power,” notes Sissela Bok, an ethicist at Harvard University who’s one of the most prominent thinkers on the subject. “It’s much easier to lie in order to get somebody’s money or wealth than to hit them over the head or rob a bank.” As lying has come to be recognized as a deeply-rooted human trait, social science researchers and neuro-scientists have sought to explain the nature and roots of the behavior. Researchers are learning that we tend to believe some lies even when they’re obviously contradicted by clear evidence. These insights suggest that our tendency to deceive others and our weakness to be deceived, are especially consequential in the age of social media. Our ability to separate truth from lies is under unprecedented threat. 41. What can we learn about the study by Bella DePaulo and her colleagues? A. They made adults write the instances where they misled someone one or two times a day. B. The subjects tended to lie to hide their own feelings and present a different image. C. Lying was first documented systematically by Bella DePaulo and her colleagues. D. Bella DePaulo and her colleagues made more than one study to show most people lied. 42. In paragraph 2, the researchers thought that most lies the subjects told in the test were . A. meaningless B. useless C. harmless D. endless 43. It can be concluded from the passage that____. . A. most human beings possess a talent for deceiving because of the emergence of language B. animals also use deceptive strategies in order to gain an advantage in the competition C. human beings universally have both talents for deceiving others and detecting lies D. social media will be able to help human beings to tell truth from lies in the future 44. What is the best possible title for the passage? A. A Surprising Discovery of Lies B. Lying: A Deeply-rooted Human Trait C. The Nature and Root of Deception D. On Human Weakness in Spotting Lies 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a problem. ___45___ But shyness blocks some people from being as comfortable or sociable as they’d like to be. Some people want to feel less shy so they can have more fun socializing and being themselves around others. Here are some tips for overcoming shy feelings. ____46____ Practice social behaviors like eye contact, confident body language, introductions, small talk, asking questions, and invitations with the people you feel most comfortable around. Smile. Build your confidence this way. Then branch out to do this with new friends, too. Think of some conversation starters. Often, the hardest part of talking to someone new is getting started. Think of conversation openers, like introducing yourself, giving a compliment, or asking a question. ____47____ Give yourself a chance. Give yourself a chance to practice socializing with new people, and get to know them slowly. People who are shy often worry about failing or how others will judge them. ____48____ If self-criticism plays a role for you, ask yourself whether you’d be this critical of your best friend. Chances are you’d be much more accepting. So treat yourself like your own best friend. Encourage yourself instead of expecting to fail. Develop your confidence. Because shy people can be overly concerned with other people’s reactions, they don’t want to rock the boat. It can mean they are less likely to be confident. Being confident means speaking up for yourself when you should, asking for what you want or need, or telling other people when they’re stepping on your toes. Most of all, be yourself. It’s OK to try out different conversational approaches you see others using. ____49____ Being the real you — and daring to let yourself be noticed — is what attracts friends. A. But say and do what fits your style. B. Write down what you want to say beforehand. C. Start small with people you know. D. Worries and feelings like these can keep you from trying. E. It’s perfectly OK to take time to warm up to new people and situations. F. Find group activities where you can be with people who share your interests. G. Being ready with a conversation starter makes it easier to approach someone. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential. The need for a strong partnership between schools and families to educate children may seem like common sense. In simpler times, this relationship was natural and easy to maintain. Teachers and parents were often neighbors and found many occasions to discuss a child’s progress. Children heard the same messages from teachers and parents and understood that they were expected to uphold the same standards at home and at school. As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. In many communities, parents are discouraged from spending time in classrooms and educators are expected to consult with family members only when a child is in trouble. The result, in too many cases, is misunderstanding, mistrust, and a lack of respect, so that when a child falls behind, teachers blame the parents and parents blame the teachers. At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place. Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community. These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school. 50. What is important when it comes to children’s education? __________________________________________________ 51. Why is it hard for parents and teachers to build a strong partnership nowadays? __________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. __________________________________________________ 53. What are your suggestions on how to get parents involved in school affairs? __________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 54. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim给你发邮件寻问你打算如何渡过即将到来的暑假。请用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.假期安排； 2.说明其理由。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 大兴区2023～2024学年度第二学期 查漏补缺题 高三英语 第一部分 知识运用(共两节, 30分) 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 (1) Kim Stemple, a special-education teacher, faced terrible diseases during her stay in a Boston hospital. While wrestling with depression in her hospital room, Stemple received an unexpected present from a friend: a medal. Before Stemple got too sick to ___1___, she had been a marathon runner and the medal brought back her racing memories. It served as a much-needed pick-me-up, ___2___ her of the strength and perseverance she once possessed. Surprisingly, it worked like a charm, and then some, ___3___ her spirits and renewing her determination. Inspired by this life-changing ___4___, Stemple began to think about how such a simple act could bring hope to others going through ___5___ times. And from this seed of inspiration, her charity, We Finish Together, was born. This initiative collected medals from strangers — runners, dancers, swimmers, singers and even spelling bee winners — and donated them to individuals in need. Part of the process ___6___ the donor writing a personalized note on the ribbon, giving the recipient a unique connection to someone who cares. Indeed, for those who were ___7___ in hospitals and battling health challenges, being presented with a medal and reading the warm ___8___ really made a big difference. It ___9___ a reminder that they were not ___10___ in their struggles and that there was always support available to them. 1. A. live B. heal C. exercise D. recover 2. A. cheating B. clearing C. breaking D. reminding 3. A. explaining B. lifting C. discovering D. absorbing 4. A. season B. plan C. experience D. solution 5. A. tough B. common C. pointless D. dangerous 6. A. promoted B. insisted C. involved D. shaped 7. A. trained B. stuck C. operated D. warned 8. A. document B. message C. receipt D. gift 9. A. threw away B. put down C. acted as D. dropped out 10. A. shy B. weak C. tired D. alone 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。金姆·斯坦普尔因为严重的抑郁症在波士顿的一家医院里住院治疗时，她收到了一位朋友的意外礼物——一枚奖章，这使得她重新振作起来，受到这件事情的启发，她成立了慈善机构“我们一起完成”，这项活动从陌生人那里收集奖牌——跑步者、舞者、游泳者、歌手，甚至是拼写比赛冠军——并将它们捐赠给有需要的人，鼓励他们勇敢地度过艰难时期。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在斯坦普尔病得无法运动之前，她曾是一名马拉松运动员，这枚奖牌唤起了她的比赛记忆。A. live生活；B. heal痊愈；C. exercise运动；D. recover恢复。根据“she had been a marathon runner”可知，此处是指在斯坦普尔病得无法运动之前。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是她急需的提神剂，让她想起了自己曾经拥有的力量和毅力。A. cheating欺骗；B. clearing清理；C. breaking打破；D. reminding提醒。根据“her of the strength and perseverance she once possessed”可知，此处是指让她想起了自己曾经拥有的力量和毅力。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，这句话像一种魔力一样发挥了作用，而且还发挥了一些作用，使她振作起来，重新下定决心。A. explaining解释；B. lifting提高；C. discovering发现；D. absorbing吸收。根据“and renewing her determination”可知，此处是指提升了她的精神。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到这次改变人生的经历的启发，斯坦普尔开始思考这样一个简单的行为如何能给那些正在经历艰难时期的人带来希望。A. season季节；B. plan计划；C. experience经历；D. solution解决方案。根据前文“While wrestling with depression in her hospital room, Stemple received an unexpected present from a friend: a medal.(当斯坦普尔在病房里与抑郁症作斗争时，她收到了一位朋友的意外礼物：一枚奖章。)”可知，此处是指受到这次改变人生的经历的启发。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到这次改变人生的经历的启发，斯坦普尔开始思考这样一个简单的行为如何能给那些正在经历艰难时期的人带来希望。A. tough艰难的；B. common普遍的；C. pointless毫无意义的；D. dangerous危险的。根据前文“While wrestling with depression in her hospital room, Stemple received an unexpected present from a friend: a medal.(当斯坦普尔在病房里与抑郁症作斗争时，她收到了一位朋友的意外礼物：一枚奖章。)”可知，此处是指正在经历艰难时期的人。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个过程的一部分包括捐赠者在彩带上写下个性化的留言，让接受者与关心他们的人有一个独特的联系。A. promoted促进；B. insisted坚持；C. involved包括；D. shaped塑造。根据“the donor writing a personalized note on the ribbon, giving the recipient a unique connection to someone who cares”可知，此处是指这个过程的一部分包括捐赠者在彩带上写下个性化的留。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对于那些被困在医院、与健康挑战作斗争的人来说，获得一枚奖牌、读到温暖的信息真的有很大的不同。A. trained训练；B. stuck困住；C. operated运行；D. warned警告。根据“in hospitals and battling health challenges”可知，此处是指被困在医院与健康挑战作斗争的人故选B。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对于那些被困在医院、与健康挑战作斗争的人来说，获得一枚奖牌、读到温暖的信息真的有很大的不同。A. document文件；B. message信息；C. receipt收据；D. gift礼物。根据前文“writing a personalized note on the ribbon”可知，此处是指读到温暖的信息。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它提醒人们，他们在斗争中并不孤单，他们总能得到支持。A. threw away丢弃；B. put down记下；C. acted as充当；D. dropped out退学。根据“a reminder”可知，此处是指它充当了提醒的角色。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它提醒人们，他们在斗争中并不孤单，他们总能得到支持。A. shy害羞的；B. weak虚弱的；C. tired疲劳的；D. alone独自的。根据“and that there was always support available to them”可知，此处是指他们在斗争中并不孤单。故选D。 (2) I’ve been paralyzed (瘫痪的) since childhood and I started using a wheelchair in first grade. So I’ve had 30 years to learn just how___11___ I am and just how often people assume I’m helpless. As a culture, Americans are ___12___ that disability is something they’ve figured out. Disability doesn’t define anyone; try to be ___13___; and the rule that guides them all: be kind. Well, here’s the ___14___: we look through the eyes of nondisabled people so regularly that we ___15___ to ask even one of the many questions hovering (停留) around the disabled recipients of “help”. Did you want anyone’s help? Was it___16___ helpful? “So how am I supposed to be helpful?” you might be asking. You have to___17___ the person in front of you. What signals are they giving you? What expression do you see on their face? If you really can’t ___18___, you can ask, but if someone says, “No thank you,” listen. Like anyone else, disabled people are both capable and in need of some help. If you want to be genuinely, actively “___19___” to disabled people, invite them into your organizations, businesses and programs. Include disabled engineers and comedians and lawyers and teachers in your world. This kind of ___20___is a kindness for all of us, because listening to voices that are typically silenced brings to the table creativity, innovation and power. 11. A. capable B. desperate C. friendly D. responsible 12. A. promised B. convinced C. trusted D. questioned 13. A. brave B. honest C. helpful D. grateful 14. A. test B. change C. reason D. problem 15. A. forget B. refuse C. continue D. pretend 16. A. still B. also C. even D. already 17. A. believe in B. catch up with C. smile at D. pay attention to 18. A. tell B. answer C. lie D. focus 19. A. kind B. useful C. faithful D. polite 20. A. guidance B. profession C. performance D. inclusion 【答案】11 A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作为从小就瘫痪的人，作者认为残疾人和其他人一样，既有能力，也需要帮助，人们应该对残疾人真诚地、积极地“善待”，从他们的意愿考虑问题，将残疾人容纳进自己的世界。 【11题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以我用了30年的时间来了解我有多能干，以及人们有多经常认为我很无助。A. capable有能力的；B. desperate不顾一切的；C. friendly友好的；D. responsible负责任的。根据后文“Like anyone else, disabled people are both capable and in need of some help.(和其他人一样，残疾人既有能力，也需要一些帮助。)”可知，此处是指了解自己有多能干。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一种文化，美国人相信残疾是他们已经明白的事情。A. promised承诺；B. convinced使确信；C. trusted信任；D. questioned质疑。根据“As a culture”可知，此处是指美国人相信残疾是他们已经明白的事情。故选B。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：残疾不能定义任何人；试着提供帮助；指导他们的准则是：善良。A. brave勇敢的；B. honest诚实的；C. helpful乐于助人的；D. grateful感激的。根据“and the rule that guides them all: be kind”可知，此处是指试着提供帮助。故选C。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：好吧，问题是：我们经常通过非残疾人的眼睛看问题，以至于我们忘记问那些徘徊在残疾人“帮助”接受者周围的许多问题中的一个。A. test测验；B. change变化；C. reason原因；D. problem问题。根据“we look through the eyes of nondisabled people so regularly that”可知，此处是指问题。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：好吧，问题是：我们经常通过非残疾人的眼睛看问题，以至于我们忘记问那些徘徊在残疾人“帮助”接受者周围的许多问题中的一个。A. forget忘记；B. refuse拒绝；C. continue继续；D. pretend假装。根据“we look through the eyes of nondisabled people so regularly that”和后文“Did you want anyone’s help?(你需要某人的帮忙吗？)”可知，此处是指我们忘记问残疾人自己是否愿意接受帮助。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上这有帮助吗？A. still仍然；B. also也；C. even实际上；D. already已经。根据前文“Did you want anyone’s help?”可知，此处是指这实际上有没有帮助。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你必须注意你面前的人。A. believe in信仰；B. catch up with追上，赶上；C. smile at对……微笑；D. pay attention to注意。根据后文“What signals are they giving you? What expression do you see on their face?(他们给了你什么信号？你在他们脸上看到了什么表情？)”可知，此处是指你必须注意你面前的人。故选D。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你真的无法分辨，你可以问，但如果有人说，“不，谢谢。”要听从。A. tell区分；B. answer回答；C. lie说谎；D. focus集中。根据前文“What signals are they giving you? What expression do you see on their face?”可知，此处是指如果你无法分辨。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你想真诚地、积极地“善待”残疾人，邀请他们加入你的组织、业务和项目。A. kind友好的；B. useful有用的；C. faithful忠实的；D. polite有礼貌的。根据后文“a kindness for all of us(这是对我们所有人的友善)”可知，此处是指真诚地、积极地“善待”残疾人。故选A。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种包容对我们所有人都是一种善意，因为倾听那些通常被沉默的声音会带来创造力、创新和力量。A. guidance指导；B. profession专业；C. performance表演；D. inclusion包容。根据前文“Include disabled engineers and comedians and lawyers and teachers in your world.(把残疾工程师、喜剧演员、律师和教师容纳进你的世界。)”可知，此处是指这种包容。故选D。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly ___21___(contribute) to innovative solutions that improve people’s lives and the planet’s health. The United Nations Institute for Training and Research ___22___ (be) therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants ___23___ the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. 【答案】21. contributing 22. is 23. with 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。如今的年轻人正在成为变革的推动者，联合国训练研究所推出青年领袖在线培训方案以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。 21题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：今天的年轻人前所未有地相互联系，正在成为变革的推动者，越来越多地为改善人民生活和地球健康的创新解决方案作出贡献。动词短语contribute to意为“为……做出贡献”，和主语构成主动关系，且空格处和系动词之间没有连词，所以应用现在分词形式。故填contributing。 22题详解】 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：因此，联合国训练研究所很高兴推出青年领袖在线培训方案，这是一个为期四周的电子学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，系动词应用is。故填is。 【23题详解】 考查介词。句意：因此，联合国训练研究所很高兴推出青年领袖在线培训方案，这是一个为期四周的电子学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。provide sb with sth意为“为某人提供某物”，所以此处应用介词with。故填with。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 When Halloween arrives, you know there is bound to be some mischief (恶作剧). So I wasn’t ___24___ (entire) surprised when I opened my front door that night to see my candy bowl completely—and very suddenly—empty. To be fair, this was after some light rain___25___ (clear) the street of most trick-or-treaters and the youngest had already made the rounds. I never saw___26___ took it, but I did shout “Happy Halloween!” into the night air. 【答案】24. entirely 25. had cleared 26. who 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述作者在万圣节之夜发现糖果碗突然变空的小故事。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：所以那天晚上，当我打开前门，看到我的糖果碗突然空了，我一点也不惊讶。空处修饰空后的形容词，应该用副词修饰。故填entirely。 【25题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：说句公道话，这是在下了一场小雨之后，街上的“不给糖就捣蛋”的孩子们都走了，最小的孩子们也已经出去玩了。此处是and连接的并列句，根据后文的had already made可知，用过去完成时。故填had cleared。 【26题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我从未看到是谁拿走的，但我确实朝着夜空大喊“万圣节快乐！”分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用连接代词引导，根据句意，表达“谁拿走的”，用who引导。故填who。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group___27___ (brainstorm). We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen—except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires. Extensive evidence shows that when we generate___28___ (idea) together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason___29___the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be：‘meetings’. ” But the problem isn’t meetings___30___ (they)—it’s how we run them. 【答案】27. to brainstorm 28. ideas 29. why 30. themselves 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了集体讨论通常会产生反效果，并通过引用幽默家的话和提出证据来支持这一观点。 【27题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们要解决一个复杂的问题时，我们通常会召集一群人进行头脑风暴。本句已有谓语动词gather，所以brainstorm用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to brainstorm。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们不太可能最大化集体智慧。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，idea意为“想法”，为可数名词，根据句意，此处用复数形式。故填ideas。 【29题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：正如幽默作家约翰·史密斯(John Smith)所说：“如果你必须用一个词来说明人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因，这个词就是：‘会议’。”分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，应用why引导。故填why。 【30题详解】 考查代词。句意：但问题不在于会议本身，而在于我们如何组织会议。根据句意，此处表达“会议本身”之意，应用反身代词。故填themselves。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A How to Use a Modern Public Library Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business. Check out a book. While libraries still lend books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up. Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded within formation in many formats. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even lend toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown. Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book. Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need. 31. Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by . A. sharing their books on the Internet B. giving access to online reading at a library branch C. sending a needed book to a library branch nearby D. making the checkout procedures diverse 32. According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library? A. A magazine and an e-book. B. A game and an oil painting. C. A music CD and a kid’s toy. D. A DVD and a video player. 33. As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows . A. the kid to learn a new language B. the parent to enjoy quiet reading C. the kid to overcome reading difficulties D. the parent to meet their program sponsor 【答案】31. C 32. C 33. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。现在的公共图书馆已经改进了许多，文章对如何使用现代公共图书馆进行了详细介绍。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.(通过这样的网络，图书馆通过使用传送工具彼此共享图书。一旦你要的书被送到最近的书店，他们就会用电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以去取了。)”可知，通过合作网络连接的公共图书馆将需要的书送到附近的图书馆分支机构而使读者受益。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even lend toys and games.(你可以借DVD上的电影、CD上的音乐和流行杂志。一些图书馆甚至出借玩具和游戏。)”可知，从一个公共图书馆里可以借音乐CD和儿童玩具。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.(你可能会发现带小孩去半个小时的故事时间，你静静地坐在角落里读一本好书，很放松。)”可知，带小孩去“半个小时的故事时间”可以让家长享受安静的阅读时光。故选B。 B One day, I received a call from a colleague. He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem, while the student claimed a perfect score. I was elected as their arbiter (仲裁人). I read the examination problem: “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer (气压计).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower it to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of it is the height of the building.” The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didn’t confirm his competence in physics. I suggested the student try again. I gave him six minutes to answer the question, warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics. Five minutes later, he said he had many answers and dashed off one, which read “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, use the physical formula (公式) to calculate the height of the building.” At this point, my colleague had to accept it, and then the student made almost full marks. I couldn’t help asking the student what the other answers were. He listed many others and then added, “Probably the best is to take the barometer to the administrator and said to him, ‘Sir, here is a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of the building, 1 will give it to you.”‘ Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think. The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. 34. The student got a zero at the beginning because . A. the teacher wasn’t satisfied with him. B. his answer wasn’t complete or correct C. his answer didn’t show his knowledge of physics D. the teacher didn’t fully understand his answer 35. We know from the passage that . A. the administrator told Bohr the height B. the student knew the expected answer C. the author preferred Bohr’s last answer D. the teacher was a very stubborn person 36. We can learn from the passage that . A. instructors can teach students how to think B. arbiters can help students to get high scores C. teachers should make students use physical formulas D. students should be given more freedom in thinking 37. What was Bohr’s attitude toward his schooling? A. Critical B. Optimistic C. Objective D. Ambiguous 【答案】34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Bohr在一次物理测验中，虽然答案也对，但是因为没有涉及物理学的知识，起初被给予零分，他其实在一开始的时候就知道老师所期盼的答案。Bohr对学校的死板教育很厌烦，有自己的想法，最终获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。这个故事说明教育者在教育学生时，应该给予学生更多的思考自由。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二自然段“The student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didn’t confirm his competence in physics.(这个学生确实完整地回答了问题，但这个答案并不能证实他在物理方面的能力。)”可知，这名学生在开始的时候得了零分是因为他的回答没有表现出物理学的知识。故选C。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Then, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.(然后，我问这个学生，他是否真的不知道这个问题的常规答案。他承认自己确实如此，但他说，他受够了高中和大学老师教他如何思考。)”可知，这名学生其实在一开始的时候就知道老师所期盼的答案。故选B。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.(他承认自己确实如此，但他说，他受够了高中和大学老师教他如何思考。)”和最后一段“The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.(这个学生的名字叫玻尔，后来他举世闻名。他于1922年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。)”可知，这名学生对学校的死板教育很厌烦，有自己的想法，最终获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，所以这篇文章告诉我们学生应该被给予更多的思考自由。故选D。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think.(他承认自己确实如此，但他说，他受够了高中和大学老师教他如何思考。)”可推断出，Bohr对学校教育持批评态度。故选A。 C Women experience a “gender tenure gap”, lasting in CEO roles at publicly listed companies for shorter periods than men, according to new research which may support the idea that female leaders are subject to a “ glass cliff ” where they are set up to fail. The concept of the glass cliff is that women are more likely to be appointed as leaders when an organization is in a time of crisis, so that their position is seen as more precarious than male counterparts. Researchers at the University of Exeter found in 2005 that women were more likely to be appointed as board members after a company’s share price had performed badly. Professor Ryan told the Observer that the Russell Reynolds analysis was “ robust and added to the body of work in this area”. “If women are more likely to take on leadership roles in times of crisis, then it follows that their time in office is likely to be stressful, more heavily scrutinised and shorter in tenure. This reduced tenure could be for a number of reasons — because there is often higher turnover in times of crisis, because they are judged as not performing well, even though poor performance was in train before their appointment, or because when things start to turn around, men come back into leadership roles.” she said. Chief executive roles have a very low turnover, she said, which makes progress harder. “I think men can enjoy a greater followership — support within the organization. They can suffer big setbacks and rise again. Women who have been CEOs tend to go off to an alternative career. However, she said that there was cause for optimism. The number of women on FTSE 350 boards is now 41%, up from 9.5% in 2011, and appointing women is “now the norm”. Russell Reynolds also found in a survey of 1,500 leaders worldwide that there were no significant differences in how women and men were perceived by the people who worked for them, showing that they were equally effective as leaders, although women were seen as being better at coaching and development. 38. What does the underlined word “precarious” probably mean? A. Dangerous. B. Profitable. C. Essential. D. Available. 39. Which of the following statements is correct? A. “gender tenure gap” can be found in the majority of companies. B. Male leaders are less likely to be appointed as board members. C. Woman leaders in times of crisis tend to be shorter in tenure. D. Female leaders are generally not performing well during their appointment. 40. What does the last paragraph indicate? A. Women leaders are destined to eliminate glass cliff in the future. B. Nowadays woman leaders differ hugely from man leaders in followership. C Man leaders are superior to woman leaders in every aspect. D. Woman leaders are no less competent than man counterparts. 【答案】38. A 39. C 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了一项新的研究结果，即女性在上市公司担任首席执行官的时间比男性短，这支持了女性领导者更容易陷入“玻璃悬崖”的观点。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Women experience a “gender tenure gap”, lasting in CEO roles at publicly listed companies for shorter periods than men, according to new research which may support the idea that female leaders are subject to a “ glass cliff ” where they are set up to fail.(一项新的研究表明，女性在上市公司担任首席执行官的时间比男性短，这可能会支持女性领导者面临“玻璃悬崖”的观点，即她们注定会失败)”以及第二段“The concept of the glass cliff is that women are more likely to be appointed as leaders when an organization is in a time of crisis, so that their position is seen as more precarious than male counterparts.(玻璃悬崖的概念是，当组织处于危机时期时，女性更有可能被任命为领导者，因此她们的地位被视为比男性同行更precarious)”可知，女性在上市公司担任首席执行官的时间比男性短，她们注定会失败可知，此处glass cliff对女性并不是一个友好的词，所以推知应是“因此她们的地位被视为比男性同行更危险的”之意，推知precarious意为“危险的”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““If women are more likely to take on leadership roles in times of crisis, then it follows that their time in office is likely to be stressful, more heavily scrutinised and shorter in tenure. This reduced tenure could be for a number of reasons—because there is often higher turnover in times of crisis, because they are judged as not performing well, even though poor performance was in train before their appointment, or because when things start to turn around, men come back into leadership roles.” she said.(她说：“如果女性更有可能在危机时期担任领导角色，那么她们在任期间可能会面临很大压力，受到更严格的审查，任期也会更短。任期缩短的原因可能有很多，因为在危机时期人员流动率往往更高，或者即使业绩不佳在她们上任之前就已存在，她们仍可能因此被评判为表现不佳，又或者因为当情况开始好转时，男性会重新担任领导职务。”)”可知，在危机时期，女性领导人的任期往往较短。故选C项。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, she said that there was cause for optimism. The number of women on FTSE 350 boards is now 41%, up from 9.5% in 2011, and appointing women is “now the norm”. Russell Reynolds also found in a survey of 1,500 leaders worldwide that there were no significant differences in how women and men were perceived by the people who worked for them, showing that they were equally effective as leaders, although women were seen as being better at coaching and development.(然而，她表示我们仍有理由保持乐观。富时350指数(FTSE 350)公司董事会中的女性成员占比现已达到41%，高于2011年的9.5%，而且如今任命女性担任要职已“成为常态”。罗素·雷诺兹还在一项针对全球1500名领导者的调查中发现，员工对男女领导的看法并无显著差异，这表明他们作为领导者的效率是相同的，尽管女性更擅长指导和培养下属)”可知，本段主要表明女性领导者的能力并不比男性同行差。故选D项。 D Lying is something that most of us are expert at. We lie at ease, in ways big and small, to strangers, co-workers, friends, and loved ones. Our capacity for dishonesty is as fundamental to us as our need to trust others, which ironically makes us terrible at detecting lies. Being deceitful is woven into our very fabric, so much so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human. The universality of lying was first documented systematically by Bella DePaulo, a social psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Two decades ago DePaulo and her colleagues asked 147 adults to write down for a week every instance they tried to mislead someone. The researchers found that the subjects lied on average one or two times a day. Most of these untruths were not offensive, intended to hide one’s inadequacies or to protect the feelings of others. Some lies were excuses—one subject blamed the failure to take out the garbage on not knowing where it needed to go. Yet other lies—such as a claim of being a diplomat’s son—were aimed at presenting a false image. While these were minor crimes, a later study by DePaulo and other colleagues involving a similar sample indicated that most people have, at some point, told one or more “serious lies”—making false claims on a college application, for example. That human beings should universally possess a talent for deceiving one another shouldn’t surprise us. Researchers speculate that lying as a behavior arose not long after the emergence of language. The ability to control others without using physical force likely gave an advantage in the competition for resources and mates, similar to the evolution of deceptive strategies in the animal kingdom, such as camouflage (伪装).“Lying is so easy compared to other ways of gaining power,” notes Sissela Bok, an ethicist at Harvard University who’s one of the most prominent thinkers on the subject. “It’s much easier to lie in order to get somebody’s money or wealth than to hit them over the head or rob a bank.” As lying has come to be recognized as a deeply-rooted human trait, social science researchers and neuro-scientists have sought to explain the nature and roots of the behavior. Researchers are learning that we tend to believe some lies even when they’re obviously contradicted by clear evidence. These insights suggest that our tendency to deceive others and our weakness to be deceived, are especially consequential in the age of social media. Our ability to separate truth from lies is under unprecedented threat. 41. What can we learn about the study by Bella DePaulo and her colleagues? A. They made adults write the instances where they misled someone one or two times a day. B. The subjects tended to lie to hide their own feelings and present a different image. C. Lying was first documented systematically by Bella DePaulo and her colleagues. D. Bella DePaulo and her colleagues made more than one study to show most people lied. 42. In paragraph 2, the researchers thought that most lies the subjects told in the test were . A. meaningless B. useless C. harmless D. endless 43. It can be concluded from the passage that____. . A. most human beings possess a talent for deceiving because of the emergence of language B. animals also use deceptive strategies in order to gain an advantage in the competition C. human beings universally have both talents for deceiving others and detecting lies D. social media will be able to help human beings to tell truth from lies in the future 44. What is the best possible title for the passage? A. A Surprising Discovery of Lies B. Lying: A Deeply-rooted Human Trait C. The Nature and Root of Deception D. On Human Weakness in Spotting Lies 【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了人类说谎的普遍性和原因，同时分析了说谎行为对社会和个人的影响。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The universality of lying was first documented systematically by Bella DePaulo, a social psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Two decades ago DePaulo and her colleagues asked 147 adults to write down for a week every instance they tried to mislead someone. The researchers found that the subjects lied on average one or two times a day. Most of these untruths were not offensive, intended to hide one’s inadequacies or to protect the feelings of others. Some lies were excuses—one subject blamed the failure to take out the garbage on not knowing where it needed to go. Yet other lies—such as a claim of being a diplomat’s son—were aimed at presenting a false image. While these were minor crimes, a later study by DePaulo and other colleagues involving a similar sample indicated that most people have, at some point, told one or more “serious lies”—making false claims on a college application, for example.(加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的社会心理学家贝拉·德保罗首先系统地记录了谎言的普遍性。20年前，德保罗和她的同事们让147名成年人在一周内写下他们试图误导别人的每一个例子。研究人员发现，受试者平均每天撒谎一到两次。这些谎言大多没有冒犯性，只是为了隐藏自己的不足或保护他人的感情。有些谎言是借口——一个实验对象把没能把垃圾倒出去归咎于不知道该往哪里倒。然而，还有一些谎言——比如声称自己是外交官的儿子——是为了呈现一个虚假的形象。虽然这些都是轻微的罪行，但德保罗和其他同事后来对类似样本进行的一项研究表明，大多数人在某种程度上都说过一个或多个“严重的谎言”——例如，在大学申请中做出虚假声明)”可知，我们能从贝拉·德保罗和她的同事的研究中了解到贝拉·德保罗和她的同事做了不止一项研究，表明大多数人都撒谎。故选D项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Most of these untruths were not offensive, intended to hide one’s inadequacies or to protect the feelings of others.(这些谎言大多没有冒犯性，只是为了隐藏自己的不足或保护他人的感情)”可知，在第二段中，研究人员认为受试者在测试中说的大多数谎言是无害的。故选C项。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That human beings should universally possess a talent for deceiving one another shouldn’t surprise us. Researchers speculate that lying as a behavior arose not long after the emergence of language. The ability to control others without using physical force likely gave an advantage in the competition for resources and mates, similar to the evolution of deceptive strategies in the animal kingdom, such as camouflage (伪装).(人类普遍具有相互欺骗的才能，这一点我们不应感到惊讶。研究人员推测，撒谎作为一种行为是在语言出现后不久出现的。在不使用武力的情况下控制他人的能力可能会在资源和配偶的竞争中占据优势，类似于动物王国中欺骗策略的进化，比如伪装)”可推知，动物也使用欺骗策略以在竞争中获得优势。故选B项。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Lying is something that most of us are expert at. We lie at ease, in ways big and small, to strangers, co-workers, friends, and loved ones. Our capacity for dishonesty is as fundamental to us as our need to trust others, which ironically makes us terrible at detecting lies. Being deceitful is woven into our very fabric, so much so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human.(说谎是我们大多数人都擅长的事情。对于陌生人、同事、朋友和爱人，我们在大大小小的方面都很自在。对我们来说，不诚实的能力和信任他人的需要一样重要，讽刺的是，这让我们不善于识破谎言。欺骗是我们与生俱来的天性，以至于我们可以说，说谎是人类的天性)”以及最后一段“As lying has come to be recognized as a deeply-rooted human trait, social science researchers and neuro-scientists have sought to explain the nature and roots of the behavior.(由于说谎已经被认为是一种根深蒂固的人类特征，社会科学研究人员和神经科学家试图解释这种行为的本质和根源)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了人类说谎的普遍性和原因，所以B项“Lying: A Deeply-rooted Human Trait(说谎：一种根深蒂固的人类特质)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a problem. ___45___ But shyness blocks some people from being as comfortable or sociable as they’d like to be. Some people want to feel less shy so they can have more fun socializing and being themselves around others. Here are some tips for overcoming shy feelings. ____46____ Practice social behaviors like eye contact, confident body language, introductions, small talk, asking questions, and invitations with the people you feel most comfortable around. Smile. Build your confidence this way. Then branch out to do this with new friends, too. Think of some conversation starters. Often, the hardest part of talking to someone new is getting started. Think of conversation openers, like introducing yourself, giving a compliment, or asking a question. ____47____ Give yourself a chance. Give yourself a chance to practice socializing with new people, and get to know them slowly. People who are shy often worry about failing or how others will judge them. ____48____ If self-criticism plays a role for you, ask yourself whether you’d be this critical of your best friend. Chances are you’d be much more accepting. So treat yourself like your own best friend. Encourage yourself instead of expecting to fail. Develop your confidence. Because shy people can be overly concerned with other people’s reactions they don’t want to rock the boat. It can mean they are less likely to be confident. Being confident means speaking up for yourself when you should, asking for what you want or need, or telling other people when they’re stepping on your toes. Most of all, be yourself. It’s OK to try out different conversational approaches you see others using. ____49____ Being the real you — and daring to let yourself be noticed — is what attracts friends. A. But say and do what fits your style. B. Write down what you want to say beforehand. C. Start small with people you know. D. Worries and feelings like these can keep you from trying. E. It’s perfectly OK to take time to warm up to new people and situations. F. Find group activities where you can be with people who share your interests. G. Being ready with a conversation starter makes it easier to approach someone. 【答案】45. E 46. C 47. G 48. D 49. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了如何克服害羞情绪的方法，通过提出具体的建议来帮助读者更好地与他人社交。 【45题详解】 根据前文“Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a problem.(害羞并不一定是个问题)”可知，E项“It’s perfectly OK to take time to warm up to new people and situations.(花点时间来熟悉新朋友和新环境是完全可以的)”是对前句的进一步说明，并和后句“But shyness blocks some people from being as comfortable or sociable as they’d like to be.(但是害羞会阻碍一些人像他们想要的那样舒适或社交)”构成转折关系，符合文意。故选E项。 【46题详解】 分析设空，为本段小标题，根据后文“Practice social behaviors like eye contact, confident body language, introductions, small talk, asking questions, and invitations with the people you feel most comfortable around. Smile. Build your confidence this way. Then branch out to do this with new friends, too.(练习一些社交行为，比如眼神交流、自信的肢体语言、自我介绍、闲聊、问问题、邀请你感觉最舒服的人。微笑。用这种方法建立自信。然后拓展范围，结交新朋友)”可知，本段讲述了从小事做起，并邀请你感觉最舒服的人，所以C项“Start small with people you know.(从小事以及你熟悉的人开始)”符合本段主题，为本段小标题。故选C项。 【47题详解】 分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Often, the hardest part of talking to someone new is getting started. Think of conversation openers, like introducing yourself, giving a compliment, or asking a question.(通常，与陌生人交谈最难的部分是开始。想想开场白，比如自我介绍、赞美或问一个问题)”可知，G项“Being ready with a conversation starter makes it easier to approach someone.(准备好开场白会让你更容易接近别人)”是对前文的总结，其中conversation starter为同词复现。故选G项。 【48题详解】 根据前文“Give yourself a chance to practice socializing with new people, and get to know them slowly. People who are shy often worry about failing or how others will judge them.(给自己一个机会练习与陌生人交往，慢慢了解他们。害羞的人经常担心失败或别人会如何评价他们)”可知，D项“Worries and feelings like these can keep you from trying.(像这样的担忧和感觉会阻止你去尝试)”是对前句的进一步说明，符合文意。故选D项。 【49题详解】 根据前文“Most of all, be yourself. It’s OK to try out different conversational approaches you see others using.(最重要的是，做你自己。你可以尝试别人使用的不同的对话方式)”以及后文“Being the real you—and daring to let yourself be noticed—is what attracts friends.(做真实的自己——敢于让自己被人注意——是吸引朋友的法宝)”可知，本段主要讲述了做真实的自己，所以A项“But say and do what fits your style.(但是说和做适合你的风格)”和前文构成转折，并引出下文，符合本段主题。故选A项。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential. The need for a strong partnership between schools and families to educate children may seem like common sense. In simpler times, this relationship was natural and easy to maintain. Teachers and parents were often neighbors and found many occasions to discuss a child’s progress. Children heard the same messages from teachers and parents and understood that they were expected to uphold the same standards at home and at school. As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. In many communities, parents are discouraged from spending time in classrooms and educators are expected to consult with family members only when a child is in trouble. The result, in too many cases, is misunderstanding, mistrust, and a lack of respect, so that when a child falls behind, teachers blame the parents and parents blame the teachers. At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place. Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community. These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school. 50. What is important when it comes to children’s education? __________________________________________________ 51. Why is it hard for parents and teachers to build a strong partnership nowadays? __________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. __________________________________________________ 53. What are your suggestions on how to get parents involved in school affairs? __________________________________________________ 【答案】50. It is important that parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children./Parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children. 51. In today’s society, parents and teachers are left with little time to build a strong relationship for the benefit of children./Because neither parents nor teachers have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. 52. Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 1. According to the passage, it’s a false impression that parents focus on children’s moral and emotional development and teachers stick to teaching academics. In fact, parents should also help the children with their studies and teachers should contribute to children's moral and emotional development as well. 2. According to the passage, in reality, children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics—and attitudes about learning—when they are at home or elsewhere in their community, so parents and teachers should be aware that there isn’t a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 53. Parents can be involved in school affairs in many ways. For example, they can encourage children to complete homework, attend parent-teacher conferences, and be active members of the parent-teacher organization. Besides, they can also volunteer for school activities or provide assistance for schools and students in various ways. 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了当儿童生活中的重要成人——父母、教师和其他家庭及社区成员——共同努力鼓励和支持他们时，儿童的学习效果最好。 【50题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential.(当孩子们生活中重要的成年人——父母、老师和其他家庭和社区成员——共同努力鼓励和支持他们时，他们学得最好。这一基本事实应该成为我们思考如何组织学校和如何教育孩子的指导原则。学校本身不能满足儿童的所有发展需要:家长的有意义的参与和社区的支持是必不可少的)”可知，当谈到孩子的教育时，最重要的是家长、老师和其他家庭和社区成员共同努力鼓励和支持孩子们。故回答：It is important that parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children.或者Parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children. 【51题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children.(然而，随着社会变得越来越复杂和苛刻，这些关系往往被搁置一边。教育工作者和家长都没有足够的时间去了解彼此，为孩子建立工作关系)”可知，因为父母和老师都没有足够的时间去了解彼此，所以家长和老师很难建立牢固的伙伴关系。故回答：In today’s society, parents and teachers are left with little time to build a strong relationship for the benefit of children.或者Because neither parents nor teachers have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. 【52题详解】 考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段“At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place.(与此同时，我们的社会人为地划分了父母和老师在青少年发展过程中应该扮演的角色。我们倾向于认为学校应该坚持教授学术知识，而家应该是孩子们道德和情感发展的地方)”以及倒数第二段“Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community.(然而，当孩子们进入教室时，他们并没有停止学习价值观和人际关系，当他们在家里或社区的其他地方时，他们也没有停止学习学术——以及对学习的态度)”可知，作者并不认为家庭和学校在孩子的教育中他们的责任有明确的分工，所以Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children.这句话中“there is a clear division of their responsibilities”部分错误。故回答：Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 1. According to the passage, it’s a false impression that parents focus on children’s moral and emotional development and teachers stick to teaching academics. In fact, parents should also help the children with their studies and teachers should contribute to children's moral and emotional development as well. 2. According to the passage, in reality, children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics—and attitudes about learning—when they are at home or elsewhere in their community, so parents and teachers should be aware that there isn’t a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 【53题详解】 开放性问题，根据最后一段“These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school.(如今，在家庭和教育工作者之间建立牢固的关系需要付出非凡的努力。学校必须向家庭伸出援手，让他们感到在教育过程中作为完全的合作伙伴是受欢迎的。反过来，家庭也必须投入时间和精力在家中和学校里支持他们的孩子)”可知，家长需帮助学校，投入时间和精力在家中和学校里支持他们的孩子。故回答：Parents can be involved in school affairs in many ways. For example, they can encourage children to complete homework, attend parent-teacher conferences, and be active members of the parent-teacher organization. Besides, they can also volunteer for school activities or provide assistance for schools and students in various ways. 第二节（20分） 54. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim给你发邮件寻问你打算如何渡过即将到来的暑假。请用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.假期安排； 2.说明其理由。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear from you. After the college entrance examination, I plan to have a colorful summer vacation. First, I’ll travel to some beautiful places to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. This can help me relieve the stress from the exam. Also, I want to learn a new skill which can develop my hobbies, such as playing a musical instrument or cooking. I think it’s a good way to enrich my life. Finally, I’ll read some interesting books to expand my knowledge. I believe this summer vacation will be very fulfilling and enjoyable. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim回复一封邮件，告知他打算如何渡过即将到来的暑假。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→pleased 首先：first→above all 排遣：relieve→release 愉快的：enjoyable→cheerful 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：First, I’ll travel to some beautiful places to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. This can help me relieve the stress from the exam. 拓展句：First, I’ll travel to some beautiful places to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery, which can help me relieve the stress from the exam. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Also, I want to learn a new skill which can develop my hobbies, such as playing a musical instrument or cooking. (运用了which引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] I believe this summer vacation will be very fulfilling and enjoyable. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$