Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Discovering Useful Structures Book 3 Unit 4 Usage of the infinitive(不定式) 2 Read and pay attention to the words in red. Lead in Tianwen-1 is China's first mission to land on Mars. 3 Lead in Read and pay attention to the words in red. Yang Liwei thought little of his personal life to focus on his work. 非谓语动词 动词不定式 to do 过去分词 (done) 现在分词/动名词(doing ) 4 THE infinitive 不 定 式 不定式，又称为动词不定式，是指动词中的一种不带词形变化，也不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。 一. 定义 THE infinitive 不 定 式 动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语。 不定式可充当 主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 宾补 二. 功能 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般式 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时, 不定式的动作正在进行 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 完成进行式 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行 基本结构: “ to + 动词原形”, to是不定式标志, 无意义, 有时不定式符号to可省略。 否定形式: not to + 动词原形 动词不定式的结构 三. 结构 Functions of infinitives To live abroad is not easy. She planned to visit her parents next week. The question is how to get there. The first person to come is Mr. Brown. He went to France to learn French. His father encouraged him to find a new job. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补 状语 作定语 1. I have no desire to write. 2. The Smiths were the first to arrive. 3. There was nothing to be done. 句子成分 用法 不定式在句中中作___________ 1. 可修饰： 2. 多置于被修饰词___________ 3. 多表示_____________的动作。 定语 名词或者代词 之后作后置定语 将来的 9 作定语 1. The next train to arrive was from New York. 2. You are the only person to be punished for missing such an important meeting. 3. It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job. 4. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 总结 2. 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。 10 作定语 1. Please make an effort to catch the bus. 2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 3. Do you have anything to say? 4. I have nothing to fear but fear itself. 总结 3.抽象名词ability, aim, attempt, right, chance, opportunity, way, courage, decision, hope, wish, dream等后或不定代词something,nothing,anything等后常用不定式作定语。 11 作定语 1. I have nothing